International Journal of Research and Review

711-713

Authors: Anacletus F.C, Okoroafor N. A.

A prevalence study of Oral Glucose Tolerance was performed in 69 women attending ante-natal clinic in various private hospitals in Port Harcourt. After an overnight fast of about 8 – 12 hours, a venous blood sample was taken for fasting blood sugar level before a 75g glucose load was given. Blood samples were taken at 30 minute intervals for a period of 2 hours, after which their blood glucose concentration was investigated using Glucose Oxidase Method. The results obtained showed that there was a percentage deviation of 17.4% under the Fasting Blood Sugar test and 20.3 % after the 2-hours post prandial. The incidence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus from the results according to World Health Organization (WHO) criteria was present in 5.8% of the total population(FBS - ≥ 7.0 mmol/l and 2-hr post prandial - ≥ 11.1 mmol/l) and Impaired Glucose Tolerance(IGT) was present in 24.6% (FBS - 5.6 - 7.0 mmol/l and 2-hr post prandial - 7.8-11.1mmol/l). Also, 7.25% were impaired in both FBS and IGT at the same time. 1.4% had impaired fasting plasma blood sugar and outright diabetes after 2-hours post prandial. Assessment of gestational diabetes through OGTT is mandatory because it is the only test that determines glucose intolerance in asymptomatic people so that glycaemic control can be achieved as to avoid long-term implications on both mother and child. Key words: Gestational Diabetes, Oral Glucose Tolerance Test, Impaired glucose Tolerance.

723-726

Authors: SS Prasad, PK Gupta, JP Mishra

Field experiments were conducted on semi deep water rice variety, NDGR 201 during kharif seasons 2013-14 and 2014-15 to study the compatibility of insecticides, viz. Flubendiamide+buprofezin 24 SC and Triazophos 40 EC and; and fungicides, viz. Hexaconazole 5 SC and Tricyclazole 75 WP alone and tank mixed in all possible combinations against rice stem borer and leaf blast disease. The infestation of stem borer and leaf blast varied from 2.19 to 10.05% and 4.00 to 16.52%, respectively during the period. The results of two kharif seasons indicated that insecticidal and fungicidal treatments alone were effective against stem borer and leaf blast, respectively, whereas the combination treatments were effective against both stem borer and leaf blast. The combination of Flubendiamide+buprofezin 24 SC @ 1.75 g l-1 and Tricyclazole 75 WP @ 0.6 g l-1 was most effective against both stem borer and leaf blast with 3.22 and 5.01% infestation, respectively and fetched average grain yield of 30.39 q ha-1. It was closely followed by the combination Flubendiamide+buprofezin 24 SC @ 1.75 g l-1 and Hexaconazole 5 SC @ 2.0 ml l-1 with 3.16% average stem borer infestation, 4.06% average leaf blast disease severity and 30.26 q ha-1 average grain yield. Key words: field evaluation, compatibility, stem borer, leaf blast, semi deep water rice.

732-738

Authors: Ihemanma C.A, Oladele O.T.

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites and associated risk factors among children of 5-16 years old in Ihite-Ude Ofeme Umuahia North Local Government Area of Abia State. Out of two hundred (200) children that participated in the study, 70 were males and 130, females. Well structured questionnaire was used to identify environmental, socio demographic and behavioural factors. Stool samples were collected from all the participants and examined for parasites using direct smear method. Three species of intestinal parasites were identified with an overall prevalence of 60 (30%) out of which 30 (42.86%) were males and 30 (23.08%) were females. The most prevalent intestinal parasite identified was Ancylostoma duodenale 34 (17%) followed by Trichuris trichiura 12(6%) and Ascaris lumbricoides 14(7%). The highest prevalence rate of intestinal parasitic infection was observed in age group of 5-8 years 24 (32.43%) whereas 9-12 years age group had the lowest prevalence rate of 24 (27.91%). The prevalence rate of intestinal parasitic infection in the area is moderate and the infection is dependent on sex, whereas it is independent on age. This information may provide valuable statistics needed for planning meaningful public control programmes that aim at reducing the prevalence and morbidity of parasitic infections. Therefore, interventions including improvement of sanitation, provision of safe water, repeated deworming and health education on personal hygiene to the children and to their parents should be intensified. Keywords: Intestinal Parasites, Prevalence, School Children, Risk Factors.

745-748

Authors: Pintu Sil

During all types of exercise respiratory rate is increased as a result of increased demand of Oxygen. The purpose of the study was to find out the maximum changes in respiratory rate following an exercise bout and to study the recovery period of respiratory rate after completing an exercise bout in three categories of women - obese, normal and lean. A total of 13 young adult female within the age of 21-30 years were volunteered as subject for this study. Each subject’s body fat were measured and classified under three groups’ namely overweight or obese group (G1), Normal group (G2) and Lean or underweight group (G3). Respiratory rate was considered as criterion of the present study. Respiratory rate was measured manually by observation of breath in and breathe out per minute. Standard stop watch was used for time specification. Step up and down for five minutes was used as exercise protocol. All data for the present study was collected at average 25.210C temperature and 63.33% humidity. Multiple group design with three independent groups was considered for the present study. All calculations were done by the standard statistical procedure. Findings have revealed that respiratory rate significantly increased (F=9.4) for all groups of subjects immediately after exercise (p<0.05). The raise of respiratory rate immediate after exercise was found highest for G1 group and lowest for G3 group. The recovery period was found longest for G1 group (15.33 min) and shortest for G3 group (7.5 min). Result clearly indicated that respiratory rate increased significantly immediately after exercise in all categories of women but recovery period of respiratory rate was not significantly different for women having different body fat. Key word: Respiratory rate, Recovery period, Exercise bout, Body Fat, Obese, Normal and Lean.

754-757

Authors: Sunil J. Kulkarni

Chemical engineering involves contacting of two phases or reactants for mass transfer or chemical reaction. Various cocurrent, countercurrent contacting patterns can be used according to requirements. For gas, liquid and solids and mass transfer among any two of these states, proper contact is important. Packed beds, tray towers, spray towers are usually used as contacting devices. Fluidized bed offers advantage of uniform temperature distribution and excellent contact between particles. It has been tried for adsorption and chemical reactions. Current review summarizes studies and research on fluidized bed contactors. Key words: fluid, particles, contact, phase, yield.

764-768

Authors: Sunil J. Kulkarni

Purification of water is important research area because of increasing pollution and depletion in water resources. Water is normally treated by using carbon filter and chlorination for drinking purpose. The waste water can be treated by using different biological, chemical and advanced treatment processes. Disinfection of water can be carried out by ozonation and U.V. irradiation. U.V. irradiation with ozonation can exhibit synergic effect and can treat the water more effectively. Many investigators have studied ozonation- UV irradiation- hydrogen peroxide treatments in combination and separately and compared them. Present review summarizes the research and studies on application of ozonation, UV irradiation and H2O2 treatment. Key words: Disinfection, UV treatment, oxidizers, cost effectiveness.