Rybohospodars'ka nauka Ukrayiny (Fisheries Science of Ukraine)

5-27

Authors: I. Hrytsyniak, V. Guschin, Yu. Sytnik

Purpose. Modern fisheries of Ukraine faces many challenges, among which the adaptation to climate changes as well as the development of recreational fishery and international fishing tourism can be highlighted. The main purpose of the adaptation can be formulated as an improvement of fishery activities due to an increase in average annual temperatures and prolongation of the active growth period of aquatic organisms. Moreover, in the majority of developed countries all around the world, there is a tendency of the transition from perception of fish as a food product to the perception of fish as an object of recreational services. This makes possible to exploit fish stocks more effectively and sparingly, with only a little harm for fish. As a new object of aquaculture that has high adaptive potential to increases in average annual temperatures and takes an important place in recreational fishing across the world, we can consider the largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). This fish species, which is native to freshwaters of North America, is currently reared in aquaculture in more than 50 countries, mainly for recreational and sport fishing. The development of methodologies for largemouth bass aquaculture in Ukraine could contribute to more effective fisheries management and to development of recreational fishing services. This in turn would result in income growth to local and general budgets and would contribute to more effective investment raising. Findings. The article contains brief information on the outlooks of reproduction and cultivation of the largemouth bass in Ukrainian aquaculture, ecological and fisheries characteristics of this species with the description of its natural habitats, feeding, growing potential of different age groups, and breeding process in its natural range. Moreover, this review mentions attempts of largemouth bass introduction to Ukrainian water bodies occurred in XІХ-ХХ centuries, and possible reasons of its total and partial failures. Furthermore, this article assesses the potential impact of the largemouth bass on local ichthyofauna and aquaculture conditions, and considers the measures aimed on the prevention of uncontrolled spread of this species during cultivation. Practical value. Information provided in this review can be further used for development of the methodology of largemouth bass aquaculture in Ukraine as well as for popularization of this species for recreational fishing and the development of international fishing tourism.

44-52

Authors: S. Snigirev, E. Leonchik, S. Bushuiev

Purpose. Assessment of the commercial stocks of common carp Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758, bream Abramis brama (Linnaeus, 1758), roach Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus, 1758) and pikeperch Sander lucioperca (Linnaeus, 1758) in the Dniester Lagoon in 2000-2019. Methodology. Sampling was performed in the Dniester Lagoon using standard ichthyological methods “Metodiki zboru і obrobki іhtіologіchnih і gіdrobіologіchnih materіalіv z metoju viznachennja lіmіtіv promislovogo viluchennja rib z velikih vodoshovishh і limanіv Ukraїny» and «Metodicheskie ukazanija po ocenke chislennosti ryb v presnovodnyh vodoemah». The fish stocks in the Dniester lagoon were assessed using the BSM (Bayesian State-space Model) module. The main advantage of BSM compared to other implementations of surplus production models is the focus on informative priors and the acceptance of short and incomplete (fragmented) catch-per-unit-of-effort (CPUE) data. Findings. The paper presents the current state of the main commercial fish species, the results of stock assessment of the common carp, bream, roach and pike perch and their commercial exploitation in the Dniester Lagoon. The catch of common carp in the Dniester Lagoon has a tendency to increase in 2018-2019. The state of its stock is considered relatively stable and depends on artificial restocking. The forecast for the allowable catch of the common carp should not exceed 40 tons. The exploitation of bream stock was optimal within recent years. The stock of this species is in a relatively satisfactory condition. The bream catches should not exceed 120-150 tons per year. The commercial part of the roach population was exploited at a level close to optimal in recent years. The forecast of its allowable catch was determined as 45 tons. The pikeperch stock of the Dniester Lagoon is in extremely poor condition. The forecast for the allowable catch of pikeperch should not exceed 5 tons. Originality. The presented research paper is an attempt of using the BSM for assessing the current state of the commercial stocks of the common carp, bream, roach and pikeperch in the Dniester Lagoon. Practical value. This publication provides recommended forecasts of the allowable catch for optimal exploitation of the common carp, bream, roach, and pikeperch stocks of the Dniester Lagoon.

79-94

Authors: K. Kofonov, A. Potrokhov, O. Zinkovskiy

Purpose. To study the physiological and biochemical state of juvenile rudd (Scardinius erythrophthalmus L.) under the chronic effect of high concentrations of ammonium nitrogen and phosphorus of phosphates. Methodology.The study was conducted at the Bila Tserkva Experimental Hydrobiological station of the Institute of Hydrobiology of the NAS of Ukraine. Ammonium chloride and potassium monophosphate were applied in 14-day experiments. During the experiments, we did not violate the bioethics principles. The activities of lactatdehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase were determined using appropriate test kits. The succinate dehydrogenase activity was determined by a spectrophotometric method. Glutamate dehydrogenase activity was determined by the Khokhlov. The total protein content in the muscles and gills was determined according to the Lowry method, the total lipid content was determined using the “Total lipids” test kit, and the glycogen content was determined by the anthrone method. Findings.Ammonium ions enhance both aerobic and anaerobic respiration processes as evidenced by SDH and LDH activities. On the contrary, the activity of these enzymes decreases due to the action of phosphorus of phosphates. According to ALP activity, it was found that the studied compounds weaken de-phosphorylation processes. These processes significantly increase only at a concentration of ammonium ions above 5.0 mg N/dm3. Only ammonia nitrogen changes the activity of glutamate dehydrogenase, which is actively involved in nitrogen metabolism, orthophosphate ion is not involved in these processes. The glycogen content due to the action of ammonium nitrogen showed a tendency to accumulate at low concentrations, which is obviously associated with the activation of gluconeogenesis processes to ensure the homeostasis of the body under such conditions. The action of phosphorus of phosphates resulted in the use of glycogen to ensure the energy needs of the body. At higher concentrations, a decrease in the processes of its accumulation was observed, probably as a result of its parallel use for adaptation processes. As a result of the enzymatic regulation of metabolic processes, the contents of lipids and protein in the tissues of juvenile rudd change significantly due to the actions of the studied compounds. Originality. The obtained data supplement and expand the existing scientific knowledge on the patterns of changes in enzymatic activities of energy and protein metabolisms as well as dephosphorylization processes in the tissues of juvenile fish species under the effect of high concentrations of nutrients, in particular ammonium nitrogen and phosphorus of phosphates. Practical value. Similar changes in the amount of enzyme activity and the content of energy-intensive substances (proteins, lipids, glycogen) can be used as a biochemical marker indicating the presence of a toxic load in a water body. It can include elevated levels of ammonium nitrogen and phosphorus of phosphates, which is possible as a result of the irrational use of ammonium and phosphorus fertilizers on agricultural areas and runoff from them, effluents from livestock complexes and volley of discharges from the industry.

109-120

Authors: P. Shekk, Yu. Astafurov

Purpose. Formation of a reference list of Ukrainian and Russian-language publications on the issues of the comprehensive characterization of the introduced freshwater shrimp Macrobrachium nipponense (De Haan, 1849). Methodology. During the systematic search, both holistic and selective methods were used in the preparation of the thematic list. The bibliographic core consisted exclusively of Ukrainian and Russian-language scientific publications. Findings. A thematic bibliographic list of publications with the total number of 77 sources covering the time interval from 1950 to 2019 has been formed and devoted to the methods of diagnostics, development, cultivation, rearing, feeding, temperature effects, distribution. Literature sources are listed alphabetically by author or title, described in accordance with DSTU 8302: 2015 “Information and documentation. Bibliographic reference. General Terms and Conditions of Compilation », subject to amendments (CNC code 01.140.40), and according to the requirements of the list of literature according to the international standard APA style. Practical value. The prepared list of publications can be used by scientists, practitioners, students whose fields of interest include the development, biology, feeding and distribution of the freshwater shrimp M. nipponense.