International Journal of Oral Health Dentistry

133-141

Authors: Prerna Raje Batham, Ashish Batham, Ulrika D.P. Kalia.

Oral health is important for all children but is especially important for children with syndromes. Syndrome has a complex array of special features and functional challenges. Good oral health and proper dental follow up is an important element in the overall care pathway for these children. Diagnosis of the syndrome in childhood is basically through oral abnormalities and Orthodontists may be the first to detect these cases by playing important role in early diagnosis. Oral symptoms are the main basis for diagnosis in childhood and adolescence, which is the time most patients receive orthodontic treatment and some of the most frequent clinical features of the syndrome are discovered through radiographs normally used in routine orthodontic procedure. Orthodontic management for syndromic patients require correction of interarch and intra arch tooth relationships to restore near to normal masticatory as well as esthetic functions. Literature regarding oral conditions in patients with various syndromes often covers the periodontal and carious aspects, but less literature was found describing orthodontic aspect. This review is compilation of various features requiring orthodontic corrections and a special emphasis is given on their orthodontic management.

149-153

Authors: Yamuna Priya K, Muthu Prathibha K.

In the recent days, saliva has gained importance as a diagnostic fluid. Human saliva is an easily accessible biochemical fluid, similar to blood in various biological aspects. When compared to other body fluids, saliva is readily available, can be non-invasively collected, with no risk of cross infection. Moreover, salivary analysis can detect changes that are reflective of both oral and systemic conditions. Despite its advantages as a diagnostic fluid, lack of adequate and ac-curate information regarding the methods of collection and storage of samples, prior to the analysis hampers the frequent use of saliva. Successful measurement of salivary parameters requires optimal collection procedures, which is one of the most important pre analytical steps. The present paper is a brief review of the most common and recent methods for collection of saliva. The authors have focussed on the techniques, requisites, advantages, disadvantages and possible variations that can affect the collection of saliva.

158-162

Authors: Thangjam Somorendro Singh, Thangsailova Colney, Khaidem Deba Singh, Nadeem Yunus.

Introduction: The present study was carried out to evaluate the presence of defects on the external surface termed ‘Pores’ and defects on the fracture surface termed ‘Vacuoles’ in the structure of various endodontic sealers when set. Materials and Method: Four Endodontic Sealers namely Endoflux, Endomethasone, AH Plus and Apexit Plus as Experimental Group and Zinc Oxide Eugenol cement as control group were included in this study. The study involved the assessment of surface defects by Scanning Electron Microscope. Results: The frequency of Pores was maximum in Endomethasone sealer, and minimum in AH Plus sealer followed by Zinc oxide eugenol cement (control), Endoflux sealer, then by Apexit Plus sealer. The frequency of vacuoles in different sealers was also found maximum in Endomethasone sealer while it was minimum in AH Plus sealer followed by Apexit Plus and Zinc oxide eugenol cement (control) then by Endoflux sealer. The diameter of pores was found largest in Endomethasone sealer while the diameter of pores could not be measured in AH plus as the pores were too small to measure. The largest vacuoles was found in Endomathesone sealer whereas the smallest was found in Apexit Plus sealer. Conclusion: Based on this study, resin based sealer-AH Plus showed best structural features while zinc oxide eugenol based-Endomethasone sealer had the poorest structural features in respect to the presence of pores and vacuoles.

169-174

Authors: Mansi Tiwari, Abhijeet Deoghare, Anshul Sharma, Shruti Saha, Rajesh Poptani.

Aims: To measure the submucosal thickness in Oral Submucous Fibrosis patients and in normal healthy individuals and to evaluate the changes in the vascularity by using color Doppler in different stages of Oral submucous fibrosis and in normal healthy individuals. Materials and Method: The study group included a total of 50 male subjects out of these 40 OSMF were clinically diagnosed as having OSMF and they are further subdivided into 4 subgroups on the basis of clinical grading (according to Khanna and Andrade)each having 10 patients. While 10 apparently healthy subjects were included as controls. Submucosal thickness of labial and buccal mucosa was measured ultrasonographically for both the groups. Statistical analysis was done using mean ±SD, one way ANOVA test to compare the variable data. Results: When the cases were compared with the controls there was significant increase seen in all the measured sites in cases. The increase in the thickness was found to be increase with the severity of the disease. Conclusion: Significant positive relation was observed in interincisal opening with the duration of habit. However no correlation was observed with respect to frequency of habit and interincisal opening. There was increase in submucosal thickness as the severity of disease increased. There was decrease in vascularity in OSMF as compare to controls. Partial or complete absence of vascularity was seen in Grade III and Grade IV OSMF. A slight thickening of submucosa and decrease in vascularity may be considered as early changes seen in OSMF.

181-187

Authors: Rana Pratap Maurya, Malti Kumari Maurya, Rashmi Kushwaha, Sneh Lata Verma, Reema Kumari.

Introduction: Dental students are at risk to various blood borne diseases transmitted by needle stick/sharp injuries (NSIs) during the course of their clinical training which have been. To reduce the risk from NSIs there should be an essential need to improve and update the knowledge of NSIs and its management by continued education programmes as seminars, lectures and workshops. Aim: To assess the knowledge, awareness and practices regarding sharp injuries amongst the dental students. Materials and Method: This cross-sectional survey based study was conducted among the 150 voluntarily participated dental students who were receiving their undergraduate clinical training in various dental colleges. Data was recorded on a structured questionnaire to elicit the level of knowledge, awareness and practice towards sharp injuries. All data was tabulated in terms of number and percentage. Results: 64% dental students experience NSI in last six month. The main cause of NSIs was orthodontic wires (18.75%) followed by explorer (15.63%), endodontic file and scalpel blade (14.58%), scaler (11.46%), hollow needle and bur (9.38%). Highest number of NSIs was found during orthodontic wire bending and treatment (18.75%) followed by the endodontic treatment (15.63%), diagnosis (12.50%), scaling (10.41%), needle recapping and restoration (8.33%). Adequate number of students had good knowledge and awareness regarding Needle stick/sharp injury. In practice, maximum number of dental students washed hands, used glove and recapped needle after uses but only few students dispose sharps in puncture proof container and used needle destroyer before discarding the syringe during clinical procedure. Conclusion: Dental students required training and teaching regarding management of sharp injuries and should be encouraged to report it to concerned authority.

192-194

Authors: Amina Sultan, Akanksha Juneja, Sudhanshu Bhatnagar.

Fusion and gemination are two separate clinical entities describing two different morphological and developmental anomalies involving a characteristic large crown that may appear clinically similar. Fusion arises when two normally separated tooth germs fuse or join together during the initiation or the morphodifferentiation stage of tooth development resulting in a single enlarged tooth structure with confluence of dentin, instead of two normal teeth. Although a variety of appearances are noted in both of the anomalies but Kelly suggested that in gemination the two halves of joined crowns are mirror images while fusion manifests with a distinct differences in two halves of the crowns. The prevalence of fusion in primary teeth is 0.4%-0.9% and in permanent dentition it has been reported to be 0.2% only and bilateral fusion in permanent is even more rare and reported to be 0.05%.According to reviewed literature for bilateral fusion in the permanent dentition, only one case of complete fusion of incisors has been reported so far.

199-202

Authors: Indu M. Varkey, Pooja Kurup, Kiran Ghule, Uma Dixit.

Mandibular fractures are amongst one of the most common facial fractures in children. Growth centers in the mandible along with the smaller size of jaws and numerous tooth buds present in them can complicate treatment in pediatric patients. Thus a conservative management protocol of closed reduction with functional therapies is the treatment of choice for most undisplaced pediatric mandibular fractures. This article discusses the management of symphysis fracture along with right condylar head and left subcondylar fracture in a 5 year old child. The reduction of fracture, construction and fixation of MacLennan splint with circum mandibular wiring was done under general anesthesia. This splint limited the discomfort and morbidity and served the purpose of reduction of fracture.