Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

11 - 18

Authors: Tiurma Pasaribu, E. Wina, B. Tangendjaja, S. Iskandar

Jatropha seed meal which is a by-product of biofuel is rich in protein. Its utilization as feed ingredient is limited by the presence of several anti nutritive and toxic compounds. An experiment was conducted at the Indonesian Research Institute for Animal Production to evaluate the effect of jatropha seed meal on broiler performance. Jatropha seed meals were treated physically, chemically or their combination to reduce or eliminate the anti nutritive and toxic compounds. Then, the inclusion of untreated or treated jatropha seed meals in the diet at the level of 4% was evaluated on broiler. The experiment was done in Completely Randomized Design with 5 treatments of feed, i.e 1) control feed, 2) feed containing untreated jatropha seed meal (OO), 3) feed containing physically treated jatropha seed meal (OTO), 4) feed containing chemically treated jatropha seed meal (EHM) and 5) feed containing physically and chemically treated jatropha seed meal (EHMO). Every treatment had 7 replications with 5 chickens for each replication. The treatment diets were given to 7 days old chicken for 14 days. The observed parameter were feed intake, daily gain, feed conversion ratio, and mortality. The broiler performance recieved EHMO feed was better that those of OTO or EHM treatment (751.1; 731.2; 498.8 g of body weight for EHMO, EHM and OTO treatments, respectively), however, it was lower than the control treatment (856.3 g). Feed Conversion Ratios of EHM and EHMO treatments were not significantly different from control treatment (1.868; 1.813 vs 1.707), however, they lower than OO (2.532) and OTO (2.249) treatments. Chicken mortality of EHMO treatment was much lower than OO that of treatment (0 vs 34.29%, respectively). In conclusion, the processing technology of jatropha seed meal using combined physical and chemical treatments (EHMO) was the best choice as it gave better chicken performance without mortality compared to other techniques in this experiment. Key words: Jatropha Seed Meal, Detoxification, Broiler Chicken, Performance

25 - 35

Authors: Rahmat Hidayat, T. Toharmat, A. Boediono, I.G. Permana

Contribution of Garut breed sheep as protein resources is not optimal yet. Acceleration of population growth such as increasing of female offspring is neccesary. This study was carried out to obtain information regarding the effect of dietary cation-anion difference (PKAR: meq [(Na + K) – (Cl+S)/100 g of dry matter]) and fish oil supplementation on acidity of blood and semen, blood gas and plasma and semen mineral. The dietary treatmens were as follows: RN0= basal ration (PKAR +14) without fish oil, RNI= basal ration (PKAR +14) with 3% fish oil, RB0= base ration (PKAR +40) without fish oil, RBI= base ration (PKAR +40) with 3% fish oil, RA0= acid ration (PKAR -40) without fish oil, and RAI= acid ration (PKAR -40) with 3% fish oil. The rations contained 150 ppm of zinc and were offered to 18 of Garut rams. The result indicated that blood pH, pCO2, and pO2 were not affected by PKAR and fish oil supplementation, but cHCO3 and cBase were affected (P<0.05). PKAR and fish oil supplementation affected (P<0.01) plasma Mg and S, but did not affect K, Na, Zn and Cl. Semen pH after day 28 of experimental period were highly significant different and that followed PKAR pattern. In conclution, PKAR affected cBase, cHCO3, concentration of Mg and S plasma and semen pH of Garut rams. The result suggested that PKAR could be applied to manipulate physiological condition and semen pH. Key Words: PKAR, Physiological Condition, Semen, Garut Ram

45 - 49

Authors: Yulnawati ., Herdis

The successful program of artificial insemination in sheep is determined by the quality of sperm that are used. Therefore, it is important to maintain the quality of sperm during and after storage in low temperature. The research was conducted to study the influence of sucrose in the Tris-yolk extender in maintaining the quality of Garut ram sperm during preservation in reaction tube for four days at 5°C. Ejaculated sperm was collected once a week for five weeks using artificial vagina from same ram. Semen was divided into four groups of extenders, i.e. Tris egg yolk 20% (TKT), TKT + 0,1% sucrose, TKT + 0,3% sucrose and TKT + 0,5% w/v sucrose. The results showed that the percentage of motility on day four (D-4) of storage in TKT (41.00 ± 2.0%) was lower (P<0.05) than that in TKT + 0.3% (48.00 ± 2.45%) and TKT + 0.5% (51.00 ± 3.74%), however there was no significant different (P>0.05) from TKT + 0.1% (45.00 ± 3.16%). Whereas the percentage of live cells (%H) on D-4 in TKT, TKT + 0.1%, TKT + 0.3% and TKT + 0.5% were 55.00 ± 2.19%; 57.20 ± 2.79%; 59.20 ± 3.25% and 61.20 ± 3.60%, respectively. Meanwhile, the percentage of membrane integrity (MPU) in TKT (51.80 ± 1.94%) was significantly different (P<0.05) from TKT + 0.3% (57.40 ± 2.65%) and TKT + 0.5% (59.20 ± 3.66%), however there was no significant different (P>0.05) from TKT + 0.1% (54.80 ± 2.86%). In conclusion, the addition of sucrose 0.3% w/v into TKT extender could maintain the quality of Garut ram sperm more efficiently and better than TKT extender. Key Words: Sucrose, Tris Egg Yolk, Preservation, Garut Sheep

58 - 65

Authors: Lily Natalia, A. Priadi, Z. Irawati

The primary concern about microbial safety of irradiated food is the survival of pathogenic spore forming bacteria. Clostridium sporogenes was selected as the spore forming test organism for conducting inoculated pack studies for its similarities to the most toxigenic Cl. botulinum, in radiation resistance. Minimum radiation dose applied (45 kGy under cryogenic condition, in -790C) was determined to eliminate Cl. sporogenes spores and other bacterial contaminants in different kind of Indonesian chicken and beef dishes. In separate studies, irradiation doses of 3 – 7 kGy at cryogenic condition was used to improve the microbiological safety of a number chilled prepared meals. The dishes or ready to eat foods were packaged in air impermeable pouches. Irradiation process was carried out after inoculation on chicken and beef dishes with certain amounts of Cl. sporogenes spores. The evaluation of colony count differences between the irradiated and unirradiated foods revealed the effect of radiation on the survival of bacterial spores or other bacterial contaminants. It was demonstrated that a minimum dose of 45 kGy under cryogenic condition eliminated the spore of Cl. sporogenes, Bacillus spp and Staphylococcus spp. Irradiation at doses 5-7 kGy significantly reduced some potential pathogenic microorganisms in samples without affecting quality up to 3 months of storage at the refrigeration temperature. Key Words: Food Safety, Irradiation, Bacterial Contaminants

75 - 82

Authors: Simson Tarigan, Risa Indryani, Darminto ., Jagoda Ignjatovic

Influenza-virus neuraminidase plays vital role in the survival of the organisms. Vaccination of animals with this glycoprotein confers immune responses so that enable it to protect the animals from incoming infection. Supplementation of conventional vaccines with this glycoprotein increases the protection and longevity of the vaccine. Purified neuraminidase can also be used to develop serological tests for differentiation of serologically positive animals due to infection or to vaccination. In this study purification of neuraminidase from influenza virus subtype H5N1 was described. Triton x-100 and Octyl β-D-glucopyranoside were used to extract and diluted the glycoprotein membrane. The enzymatic activity of the neuraminidase was assayed using a fluorochrome substrate, 4-methylumbelliferyl-a-D-N-acetyl neuraminic acid, which was found to be simple, sensitive and suitable for the purification purpose. The neuraminidase was absorbed selectively on an oxamic-acid agarose column. The purity of neuraminidase eluted from this affinity column was high. A higher purity of the neuraminidase was obtained by further separation with gel filtration on Superdex-200. The purified neuraminidase was enzymatically active and did not contain any detectable haemagglutinin, either by haemagglutination assay or by monospecific antibodies raised against H5N1 hemagglutinin. The purified neuraminidase was recognized strongly by antibodies raised against an internal but only weakly by that against C-terminal regions of the neuraminidase protein of H5N1-influenza virus. The purified neuraminidase was in tetrameric forms but dissociated into monomeric form on reducing condition, or mostly dimeric form on non-reducing SDS-PAGE. Key Words: Neuraminidase, Influenza, H5N1, Methylumbelliferyl, Oxamic-acid