Ciencia e Natura

4

Authors: Vinicius de Abreu Oliveira, Marly Aparecida da Silva

This project aims to attract school students and teachers from the state education system from Caçapava do Sul - RS to Sciences and specially to Astronomy. We made astronomical observations using a Galileoscope choosing the Moon as a primary target. We also observed others objects that present hight brightness in the night sky. The selection of targets, and their identification during the observations were carried out by a free software of planetary simulation, Stellarium. The results were in qualitative form and they show the great interest demonstrated by those participating in the project. Furthermore, this project helped to improve the understanding of the physical proprieties of the night sky objects (e.g. color). Finally, the project has showed that using a simple equipment and of relatively low cost it is possible to bring more people, specially the young students, to the Science World and to Astronomy.

6

Authors: Greice Hartwig Schwanke Peil, Anelise Vicentini Kuss, Maria do Carmo Ferreira Gonçalves

Water is a natural resource essential for life and their contamination are a major risk to public health, in addition to causing many environmental problems. This study aimed to evaluate the presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, total coliforms and Escherichia coli, from water to public supply of the city of Pelotas/RS. Twelve samples of raw water and twelve of treated water were collected at the Santa Barbara’s Water Treatment Station. Analysis for P. aeruginosa was realized by multiple tube technique, and detection of total coliforms and E. coli was realized by chromogenic substrate method (Fluorocult and Colilert). About raw water samples, 91.7 % indicated growth of P. aeruginosa, E. coli, and 100 % of samples presented positive contamination by total coliforms. Samples of water collected after the treatment did not show any bacterial growth. Results indicate that the treatment system was effective to eliminate the undesirable and pathogenic bacterial. Therefore, the treated water distributed in Pelotas complies with bacteriological parameters established by legislation.

7

Authors: Antonio Carlos Bassaco, Zaida Inês Antoniolli, Berilo de Souza Brum Júnior, Daniel Pazzini Eckhardt, Daiane Fiuza Montagner, Gabriel Pereira Bassaco

This research aims to value the chemical composition, the food preference and the earthworms Eisenia andrei (Bouché, 1972) multiplication, from animals residues. The used residues were bovine rumen content, rabbits manure, ovine manure and bovine manure. The evaluation of vermicomposting process consisted of four treatments with six repetitions. PVC black pots containing 2 kg of the dry matter residues were used for each one of the repetitions, in which 90 clitellates earthworms were inoculated. It was evaluated the residues chemical composition at the time of the experiment installation, and after 90 days of vermicomposting were carried out the earthworms reproduction. The evaluation of food preference consisted four repetitions for each studied residues. PVC role pots with each treatment residues inside, were introduced in a composted with earthworms. The food preference was valued by the residues after 14 days. The food preference and the earthworms’ reproduction are favored by the bovine manure and by the rumen bovine content. The rabbit manure has higher levels of chemical nutrients and heavy metals then the bovine manure, ovine manure and rumen bovine content.

7

Authors: Márcia Matiko Kondo, Adriano Francisco Barbosa, Valéria Maria Pereira Barbosa, Milady Renata Apolinário da Silva, Sandro José de Andrade

While ozone in the stratosphere protects us from the harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation (UV), ozone at ground level causes several damages, destroying plants, causing respiratory diseases and irritation in the human eyes. The main objective of the present work was to simulate an atmospheric ambient containing high concentration of ozone (O3), which is one of the substances generated during a photochemical smog event. This experiment can be reproduced at school where students will be able to observe the harmful effects of ozone in plants during a period of several days under O3 exposition. The results of the experiment can be approached with an interdisciplinary context and several other environmental issues can be worked with the active participation of the students.

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Authors: Luciana Cardoso Neta, Gabriela Lameu Moreira, Roseli Gueths Gomes

In this work we investigate the impact of lightning, surface precipitation and environmental conditions in combination with a linear system observed in Minas Gerais, between 17-18 October 2007. It was used geostationary satellite imagery, lightning data from RINDAT network and data from automatic stations INMET. The environmental conditions were obtained from the WRF model. Lightning were aligned to the areas of most intense convection of this system and in greater quantity in the northern part. The total quantity of surface precipitation was 135.2 mm during the lifetime of approximately 20 hours of this system. It was observed that the region where the linear system formed and evolved was favorable for the occurrence of storms, with high humidity and confluence of winds at certain times, which favored further convection.

10

Authors: Marluce Teixeira Andrade Queiroz, Millor Godoy Sabará, Carolina Andrade Queiroz, Leonardo Ramos Paes de Lima, Monica Maria Diniz Leão, Camila Costa Amorim

The surface waters are subject to damage caused by the discharge of domestic and industrial sewage and by the precariousness of collection and disposal systems of municipal solid waste. In this context, the qualitative and quantitative analysis of natural waters is essential for the selection of water treatment techniques more appropriate. The objective of this study was to propose techniques for water treatment for human consumption based on the qualitative characterization of the water of Caladinho River, located in the city of Coronel Fabriciano Metropolitan Region of the Steel Valley (MG). The relevance of this research is expressed in the study of the impact of physical, chemical and biological water quality parameters in the drinking water utilities.

11

Authors: Pedro Monteiro de Almeida Junior, Tatiene Correia Souza

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the impact of the Bolsa Família program’s expenses during the presidential elections of 2010. The beta regression model was adjusted in order to explain the percentage of valid votes from the Northeast region in Dilma Rousseff during the second round of the 2010 elections. Factors such as the poverty ratio, the municipal GDP, the percentage of votes Lula got in 2006 as well as the Bolsa Família program’s per capita spending all had a positive impact on the percentage of votes in Dilma in the 2010 elections. We’ve established the impact of the Bolsa Família program in the 2010 elections: had the program being given no budget during the 2010 elections, President Dilma would have lost approximately 2,125 million votes from the Northeast region.

11

Authors: Jerusa Tonete Felde, Cristian Whitman Bueno da Silva Reinelli, Paulo Costa de Oliveira Filho

This study aimed to map the degree of sealing of much of the neighborhood Santa Rosa, Porto União City, Santa Catarina. Initially, the detailed use and land cover of the study area through interpretation and vectorization of digital aerial photographs of high resolution was carried. The following is a simplified methodology was adopted to evaluate the degree of sealing of surfaces and subsequently mapped to class reclassification and sealing was performed. The results indicated that all surfaces evaluated and mapped gave 34.95% impervious surfaces.

11

Authors: Jader Lugon Jr 1, Victor Thauan Ribeiro Costa 2 e Pedro Paulo Gomes Watts Rodrigues

This work presents the results of hydrodynamic and transport, which were applied to a stretch of Itabapoana River, located in the northwest of Rio de Janeiro State, in order to assess the environmental consequences of the implantation of a Small Hydroelectric Plant. The models were calibrated by comparing simulated and observed data, for a giving condition, regarding both hydrodynamic and water quality variables. Once calibrated, the models simulated different scenarios, with a special emphasis to those generated under low flow regime, which are environmentally more critics. The results showed that, for these conditions, some water quality parameters, markedly the Dissolved Oxygen concentration, would be affected by the change in flow regime, caused by the withdrawal of water to power the turbines of the hydroelectric plant. Keywords: Environmental Impact. Water

15

Authors: Peterson Teodoro Padilha, Ronaldo dos Santos Junior, San Zatta Custódio, Lislaine Cardoso de Oliveira, Robson dos Santos, Vanilde Citadini-Zanette

The Atlantic Forest biome is a complex assemblage of tropical ecosystems with a unique importance for harboring a representative part of the Brazilian and global biodiversity. Vascular epiphytes, an almost exclusive category of tropical forests, represent approximately 10% of all vascular plants and may achieve more than 25% of the species in countries with this type of formation. The purpose of this study was to carry out a floristic and structural survey of vascular epiphytes, including vertical spatial distribution, in the Serra Furada State Park (SFSP), a conservation unit of the Atlantic Forest biome, located in the South of Santa Catarina State, Southern Brazil. Epiphytic species were sampled along seven transects established along an elevation gradient in the SFSP. Each transect comprised five point-centered quadrants, were the nearest tree with a DBH ≥ 10cm was considered as a sample unit. Each tree was further divided into two vertical zones, bole and crown, where the presence of epiphytes was registered. Additional sampling was performed by a “walking method” across the forest, in order to provide a more complete floristic list. Absolute and relative frequency on trees, boles and crowns were estimated as structural parameters, and an importance value was then calculated to provide a general species ordination. As a result, 115 species of vascular epiphytes were registered. Orchidaceae was the richest family, with 38 species, followed by Bromeliaceae and Polypodiaceae, with 23 and 14 species, respectively. Ecological categories included 94 species (81.7%) of true epiphytes, while the most frequent pollination and dispersion strategies were entomophilous (66,6%) and anemochorous (56,5%), respectively. Species frequency and richness showed significant differences between boles and crowns, reflecting higher values in the most favorable crown environment. Correlation coefficients showed a significant increase of species richness according to height and DBH of phorophytes. The results point out that the greater the height and diameter of trees, the greater the diversity of epiphytic species, highlighting the importance of preserving the forests.