Science and Transport Progress

7-22

Authors: T. O. Kolesnykova, O. V. Matvieieva

Purpose. Key performance indicators of the research are bibliometric ones which are a powerful informative tool to support the development of science. Therefore, nowadays in the world they are related to the obligatory elements in reporting of scientific institutions, universities, research groups and individual scientists. Based on the above stated, the purpose of the article is: 1) disclosure of concepts in bibliometrics; 2) definition the role of university libraries in the processes of University research measuring; 3) description the program Bibexel methodology for the analysis of the scientific articles metadata. Methodology. The theoretical base of the research is publications covering contemporary developments in bibliometrics and scientometrics. Practical foundation – the metadata of articles posted in: 1) Scopus database, authors are the scientists of the Dnipropetrovsk National University of Railway Transport named after Academician V. Lazaryan, 2) ScienceDirect database, dedicated to the development of railway transport. Findings. In the course of the study authors have disclosed principal bibliometric concepts. A Bibexel program method for analyzing metadata, namely analysis of the links between co-authors and keyword was described. With its help it was determined that the most «top» topics for researchers all over the world, in the field of railway transport in 2015 year are: planning a high-speed movement, the critical speed definition, computer calculation of railway bridges. It was proved that today the work of University libraries in the world with bibliometric indicators as an indicators of the science development, becomes one of the leading direction of their activity. Originality. The authors substantiated and realized the bibliometric researchability, using Bibexel program in the conditions of limited access at the university libraries in Ukraine to international full-text databases and Science Citation one. Vision about the University library as a structure that moves up from the management by scientific collections to the management by scientific processes was broadened. Practical value. The results of this study can be used: 1) in making the optimal decision upon managing the information resources in order to improve the processes of information application and services, including scientific impact assessment of scientists publications and scientific journals of the Universities; 2) in the organization of training seminars, training courses, workshops, informetrics lectures.

34-43

Authors: M. M. Biliaiev, V. A. Kozachyna

Purpose.Horizontal settlers are one of the most important elements in the technological scheme of water purification. Their use is associated with the possibility to pass a sufficiently large volume of water. The important task at the stage of their designing is evaluating of their effectiveness. Calculation of the efficiency of the settler can be made by mathematical modeling. Empirical, analytical models and techniques that are currently used to solve the problem, do not allow to take into account the shape of the sump and various design features that significantly affects the loyalty to a decision on the choice of the size of the settling tank and its design features. The use of analytical models is limited only to one-dimensional solutions, does not allow accounting for nonuniform velocity field of the flow in the settler. The use of advanced turbulence models for the calculation of the hydrodynamics in the settler complex forms now requires very powerful computers. In addition, the calculation of one variant of the settler may last for dozens of hours. The aim of the paper is to build a numerical model to evaluate the effectiveness of horizontal settling tank modified design. Methodology. Numerical models are based on: 1) equation of potential flow; 2) equation of inviscid fluid vortex flow; 3) equation of viscous fluid dynamics; 4) mass transfer equation. For numerical simulation the finite difference schemes are used. The numerical calculation is carried out on a rectangular grid. For the formation of the computational domain markers are used. Findings.The models allow calculating the clarification process in the settler with different form and different configuration of baffles. Originality. A new approach to investigate the mass transfer process in horizontal settler was proposed. This approach is based on the developed CFD models. Three fluid dynamics models were used for the numerical investigation of flows and waste waters purification. Practical value.The developed models have more capacity than the existing models in Ukraine. The developed models allow calculating quickly the efficiency of water purification in settlers. The models are not computationally expensive. Calculation time of one variant of the problem takes few seconds.

57-70

Authors: Y. L. Bolshakov, A. V. Antonov

Purpose. The paper is aimed to determinate the main ways of increasing resource efficiency and exploitation of coal current collector surface inserts of speed electric rolling stock. Methodology. The research is based on the technique relies on the use of theory regulations of technical systems reliability, electromechanical processes, theory of statistics. Findings. The existing approaches to the production of current collector surface inserts in Europe and Ukraine were considered, a number of information sources was analyzed. The most effective ways of increasing current carrying capacity and wear resistance of current collector elements were determined. It has been established that the existing system for determining the quality of manufacturing of current collector elements have a number of drawbacks that make it difficult to control the input and makes diagnosing current collecting elements in operation impossible. On the basis of the facts, for the needs of the locomotive depot, we propose a new booth allowing avoiding the existing difficulties with diagnosing of current collector elements. During the study were established pervasive transgressions of technological standards of service pantographs. Originality. Based on the results of operational research carried out on the basis of the locomotive depot, obtained depending, based on which, it is proposed to introduce an operative diagnosing system of the current collector elements state during operation. In the course of a comparative analysis of existing and perspective development directions of current collector elements with high load current carrying capacity and durability, were definited constructive conditions for the optimal ratio is inserts. It was established that a significant proportion of failures occur due to imperfect maintenance system for which, on the basis of operational data, recommendations were developed. Practical value. Obtained results of the information sources analysis determine the need to implement coal inserts copper component in material, which will increase the load current carrying capacity of the current collectors. The numerous shortcomings of existing diagnostic systems carbon of current collector inserts skids pantographs were established, the solution of them should be the basis for the development of new means and diagnostic systems of current collector elements. It can improve service life of inserts and arrange culling of substandard of current collector inserts. The imperfect system maintenance of pantographs was established. The requirements increasing to this system will significantly reduce the amount of breakages caused by an increased transitive resistance in the «insert – pantograph».

87-98

Authors: I. O. Bondarenko

Purpose. The scientific paper is supposed the determination of basic physical and structural conditions in modeling life cycle of the elements of the railway line for the study of deformation processes as the basis of normative base of the track at the condition of railway safety. Methodology. To achieve the aim principles of the elasticity theory and wave propagation process in the description of the interaction between the track and rolling stock were used. Findings. The basic physical and structural conditions under which it is necessary to carry out the simulation of the life cycle of the elements of the railway line for the study of deformation processes were determined. The basic physical and structural principles of drawing the design schemes of railway track elements for the process assessment of the track deformation work were formulated. The decision correctness and the possibility of the problem solution are proved. Originality. The study of the track reliability questions motivates the development of new models, allow considering it for some developments. There is a need to identify the main physical and structural conditions for assembly design schemes based on assessment and prediction of possible track state changes during its operation. The paper presents the basic principles of physical and structural drafting design schemes of railway line items for which Huygens’ principle is implemented. This principle can be performed only when the four dimensional space: the volume changing over time is considered. Practical value. Analytical models applied in determining the parameters of strength and resistance lines, fully satisfy the task, but can not be used to determine the parameters of track reliability. One of the main impossibility factors of these models is quasidynamic approach. Therefore, as a rule, receive and examine not only dynamic process of a railway track, but also its consequences. Besides, these models are related to flat ones, and it also adds some complexity in results comparing with an experiment, as well as the process is not easy to distinguish the impact of volume in its limited parts. The use of numerical methods extend the posibilities, and it also make it impossible for the consideration of the dynamic process, as well as it is impossible to introduce processes, causing the reaction to stress load. Thus the basic physical and constructive approaches in modeling make it possible to consider the dynamic process of localized both in time and in space directly.

110-120

Authors: N. P. Nastechik, R. V. Marcul, V. V. Savytskyi

Purpose. The railway transport is one of the most important links in economy of Ukraine, and it is a basis of its transport system. As the majority of freight transportation of coal and metallurgical industry is conducted by railway transport, its effective use is a necessary condition of stabilization and development in economy of Ukraine. One of the strategic works connected with implementation of high-speed train service in Ukraine is the reliable work ensuring of connection of intermediate rail fastening during operation. For engineering works, according to the contents and repair of fastenings the considerable share of labor expenses during operation of a way is necessary. One of domestic intermediate fastenings which after long operational supervision has implemented into continuous operation is the fastening, type КПП-5. This fastening is a prototype of the Polish rail fastening type SB-3. After the long operation in fastenings, type KПП-5, a number of the shortcomings connected with premature refusal of its elements was revealed. This in generally is connected with intensive reduction of size of pressing force of a rail to the subrail basis. Therefore the purpose is the development of a technique and practical control devices concerning a condition of work of a rail fastening knot, type KПП-5 at operation. Methodology. The assessment of various factors impact at a size of pressing force of a rail to the subrail basis in the knot of a rail fastening, type KПП-5 at operation is the foundation of the research method. Findings. By means of the developed technique and practical control devices it was established: the general reduction of pressing force of a rail to the subrail basis during one mill. tons gross., taking into account influence of various factors, may constitute kN. Originality. Accordingly to the obtained results the author firstly described and expressed by empirical dependence the process of change of pressing force of a rail to a subrail basis in a fastening, type KПП-5 after the admission of T, one mill. tons gross. Practical value. The device design is developed for control of elastic properties and a numerical assessment of pressing force decrease of the terminal to a rail depending on the passed tonnage.

132-141

Authors: Y. P. Gul, A. V. Ivchenko, P. V. Kondratenko, G. I. Perchun

Purpose. The purpose of the work is provided by the system experimental study of the effect of strengthening the level of the ratio of complex mechanical properties of the finished bolts and peeled samples and analysis of the data on the basis of geometric and structural reinforcement. Methodology. A uniaxial tensile test was carried out on full-size bolts and the peeled samples to diameters of 10 mm and 8 mm at a testing machine FP - 100/1 recording full diagram of deformation and fracture. Findings. The level of strength of qualitatively and quantitatively has different effects on the characteristics of the ratio of resistance to plastic deformation and ductility characteristics ductile fracture resistance, determined on the finished bolts and peeled samples. At the same time, the analysis suggests that the combination of mechanical properties determined on finished bolts, the most adequate to their mechanical behavior during operation. This conclusion is particularly important for acceptance testing of bolts of strength class 8.8 or higher. Originality. For the first time experimentally shown that the system is functional cuts on specific metal products can have both hardening and softening effect on the characteristics of resistance to plastic deformation in terms of normal stress depending on the level of hardening and given an interpretation of the observed phenomena on the basis of changes in the ratio of the concentration of eg-tions and the degree of rigidity of the stress state in the cuts. Practical value. Limitation of mechanical tests are only willing bolts, other than greater consistency determines the properties of their structural strength bolts in the operation, reduce the overall time-consuming tests.

153-162

Authors: L. M. Bondarenko, S. A. Yakovlev, I. E. Kramar, A. I. Shaptala

Purpose. There are some unresolved issues in vibration damping – the lack of engineering calculations for the vibration dampers by rolling friction; the absence of evidence of their application appropriateness. Considering this fact, the authors suggest to prove that the dampers based on rolling friction, are similar in rate of oscillation damping by hydraulic shock absorbers. At the same time, they are easier for the hydraulic design, and easily amenable to manual adjustment, both in automatic and manual mode. Methodology. Fixed techniques of practice in order to determine amplitudes of the oscillations of a shock absorber led to a predetermined result and will apply this theory in the calculation of other vibration dampers. Findings. Analysis of the formulas and graphs leads to the following conclusions and recommendations: 1) the nature of the oscillation damping at vibration dampers by rolling friction is close to their decay in the viscous resistance; 2) when conducting the necessary experiments the shock absorber rolling can be recommended as alternatives to hydraulic ones. The research results of this task will help implement the new trend in reduction of dynamic loads in vehicles. Originality. With the help of theoretical curves to determine the coefficients of rolling friction the dependences for determining the amplitudes of the oscillations in the vertical movement of cargo were obtained. At the same time, the previously proposed analytical dependence for determining the coefficient of rolling friction contains only conventional mechanical constants of the contacting bodies and there geometrical dimensions. Practical value. Due to the existing well-known disadvantages of hydraulic shock absorbers it would be logical to apply shock absorbers that are technologically convenient in manufacturing and easy to adjust the damping rate. The proposed theory can be used in the design of shock absorbers rolling as an alternative to the hydraulic shock absorbers of machines.

175-189

Authors: A. O. Shvets, K. I. Zhelieznov, A. S. Akulov, O. M. Zabolotnyi, E. V. Chabaniuk

Purpose. Despite of the implementation various programs to improve the safety of train traffic problem of reducing gatherings rolling stock off the rails is still relevant. The study aims to clarify the existing method of determining the factor of stability from the tire longitudinal forces to ensure the sustainability of cars with increasing speeds of the rolling stock. Methodology. Research was conducted by the method of mathematical modeling of loading freight car when driving at different speeds on straight and curved track sections. Findings. Analysis of the results shows that, for all selected freight cars for the calculation, the value of the safety factor by squeezing is smaller than the formulas of Standards. Corrections made to the formula for determining the safety factor by squeezing longitudinal forces, would achieve: 1) a higher safety factor of lightweight cars, excluding them squeezing longitudinal forces in the entire range of speeds of freight trains; 2) to develop and implement measures to prevent squeezing of cars in the entire range of motion; 3) to determine the degree of stability of the empty car in the head, middle and tail laden trains; 4) to offer optimal scheme of mixed trains formation. Originality. The analysis of existing methods for determining stability coefficient cars in freight trains from squeezing their longitudinal forces is presented in studies. Proposals are developed for the refinement of the design phase, construction and operation. Practical value. This study clarifies the existing method of determining the safety factor of stability from the squeezing longitudinal forces, as well as the influence on the magnitude of the coefficient of speed of movement of the rolling stock. Developed proposals for the refinement of existing methods for determining stability coefficient of longitudinal forces squeezing cars in a train, can reduce the number of retirements cars derailed by taking into account in the calculation and design of important parameters and characteristics that increase their stability in the rail track especially with increasing speeds of freight traffic.

198-204

Authors: V. D. Petrenko, I. O. Sviatko

Purpose. This article provides: the question of the sustainability of the subgrade on a weak base is considered in the paper. It is proposed to use the method of jet grouting. Investigation of the possibility of a weak base has an effect on the overall deformation of the subgrade; the identification and optimization of the parameters of subgrade based on studies using numerical simulation. Methodology. The theoretical studies of the stress-strain state of the base and subgrade embankment by modeling in the software package LIRA have been conducted to achieve this goal. Findings. After making the necessary calculations perform building fields of a subsidence, borders cramped thickness, bed’s coefficients of Pasternak and Winkler. The diagrams construction of vertical stress performs at any point of load application. Also, using the software system may perform peer review subsidence, rolls railroad tracks in natural and consolidated basis. Originality. For weak soils is the most appropriate nonlinear model of the base with the existing areas of both elastic and limit equilibrium, mixed problem of the theory of elasticity and plasticity. Practical value. By increasing the load on the weak base as a result of the second track construction, adds embankment or increasing axial load when changing the rolling stock process of sedimentation and consolidation may continue again. Therefore, one of the feasible and promising options for the design and reconstruction of embankments on weak bases is to strengthen the bases with the help of jet grouting. With the expansion of the railway infrastructure, increasing speed and weight of the rolling stock is necessary to ensure the stability of the subgrade on weak bases. LIRA software package allows you to perform all the necessary calculations for the selection of a proper way of strengthening weak bases.

213-223

Authors: A. A. Kosolapov

Purpose.Computerization and informatization in recent decades gave the mankind automated electronic document management systems, automated process of production, Internet and network information resources WWW, expanded the communications capabilities and led to the globalization of the information society. At the same time gives rise to a number of processes of informatization philosophical and anthropological problems, that has become an existential character. It is necessary to identify and understanding of these issues on the basis of the gnoseological model of the evolution informatization paradigms and determine their main characteristics. Methodology. The system-activity approach was used; it allowed identifying and analyzing the impact of the main components of information and communication technologies (ICT) for educational activities. And further to present them as a unified system of human activity in conditions computerization/informatization. The philosophical principles: a comprehensive review of the subject, the unity of the logical and historical, ascending from the abstract to the concrete was used. The general scientific principles: unity and development of the system, the decomposition hierarchy, individualization and cooperation, diversity and taxonomy were applied. Findings.The three-stage gnoseological model of the paradigms computerization/informatization evolution was proposed by the author. It is based on three information system characteristics: speed, interface and data access. The seven-bar anthrop-centric model, which is called the architecture of information systems (AIS), which describes the changes in their types of procuring, was proposed for each paradigm. The philosophical-anthropological problems that affect negatively its progress were formulated for each stage of modern information society transformation. Originality. The gnoseological model of development processes of informatization in the form of three paradigms that are described by three characteristics was proposed. The advanced anthrop-centric model of the AIS was used for each paradigm specification. Features of philosophical and anthropological problems, that have a new ICT are formulated and disclosed. Practical value. The proposed model of the evolution of information society paradigms and knowledge of related problems will allow reducing the impact of negative trends in the global information society especially in the field of education and research activities.