Science and Transport Progress

39-57

Authors: S. Yu. Buryak, V. I. Gavrilyuk, O. O. Hololobova, M. O. Kovryhin

Purpose. Development and implementation the points system diagnostics that would allow determining remotely the current state of turnout with all possible faults, gradual and sudden failures, damages, and in real time to report about their appearance. Methodology. State diagnostics on the values analysis of turnout main parameters is proposed to carry out with the help of a computer and analog-to-digital converter (ADC). Connecting measurements performance is advisable to produce to a shunt ammeter, installed in the working circuit of the point feed panel. ADC converts the analog signal of lost volts at the shunt into digital form and transmits it to a computer which stores the received data on its own recording medium for their further processing and storage. There is special software that is capable to reconnect signal and construct its temporal characteristic as well as decompose it on the spectral components. Using it one can analyze the obtained data, which allows diagnosing state of points upon change the nature, values and composition of the current curve. Findings. The computer diagnosis method was confirmed in practice for possible indications of problems that are associated with both the mechanical part of the turnout and the electrical part of it, while controlling parameters such as the amount of current normal transition, when working on frictions, the duration of the transition, properly adjusted headset and attachment points, the state of the motor. Originality. The use of computer technology in the diagnosis of the state of turnouts during their operation to monitor the current values of technical indicators, analysis and storage for all types of electric switches with different types of engines both DC and AC occurs through digitization and recording signal from measuring shunt of point feeder panel. Practical value. The proposed method enables timely, still in the early stages of defect parts, damages or failures of nodes mechanisms to detect and eliminate them. In addition, it reduces the load on the electrical engineers during schedule maintenance. The introduction of a diagnostic analysis of the turnout using computer technology will allow defining the appearance of faults in the early stages of their formation and preventing development the difficult avoidable damages or necessity for their complete replacement.

65-76

Authors: T. I. Rusakova

Purpose. The paper examines the question of creation a mathematical apparatus for estimation the ecological situation in case of accidents on township roads (explosions). First of all the development of numerical model to calculate the level of air pollution in the emission of toxic chemical, taking into account meteorological parameters of the environment. Identifying areas where the maximum allowable concentration of this pollutant (in this case, ammonia) is exceeded and favorable areas for the population. Methodology. The developed method of numerical calculation of the air pollution concentration in case of toxic chemical (ammonia) was used, which is based on the coordinated decision of the hydrodynamic task and task of the pollutants transfer in the atmosphere. Hydrodynamic solution is based on the method of discrete vortices with the different geometry of buildings and their relative position, and solution of the task about transfer the pollutant is based on convection-diffusion equation of pollutant transfer using implicit difference schemes. Findings. Several computational experiments were made on the base of the developed numerical model.As a result of the calculations the vortex structures were obtained, which are formed in the flow around buildings; the velocity field of the wind flow around buildings and picture of the streamlines in the flow were come out; the concentration of the toxic chemical (ammonia) in research domain was calculated; the comparative analysis with the maximum permissible concentration (MPC) for this pollutant were made; the regularities of changing the ammonia concentration from different sides of the building were determined. Originality. A numerical model that allows visually reconstructing and analyzing the flow pattern, the presence of dead zones, areas of reverse flow at different geometry of buildings and their relative position that influences the distribution of pollutant in the atmosphere was calculated. Practical value. The obtained results will allow evaluating the level toxic shock to persons in case of accidents (explosions) on township roads with taking into account the influence of the buildings geometry on the hydrodynamic flow structure and dispersion of pollution.

88-96

Authors: T. V. Butko, O. M. Horobchenko

Purpose. The efficiency and safety of locomotive control improving is important and relevant scientific and practical problem. Every driver during the trains-handling bases on his experience and knowledge, that is why the compilation and detection the most efficient ways to control the locomotive-handling is one of the stages of measures development to reduce transportation costs. The purpose of this paper is a formalization process description of locomotive-handling and quality parameters determination of this process. Methodology. In order to achieve this goal the theory of fuzzy probabilistic graphs was used. Vertices of the graph correspond to the events start and end operations at train-handling. The graph arcs describe operations on train-handling. Graph consists of thirteen peaks corresponding to the main control actions of the engine-driver. The weighting factors of transitions between vertices are assigned by fuzzy numbers. Their values were obtained by expert estimates. Fuzzy probabilities and transition time are presented as numbers with trapezoidal membership function. Findings. Using successive merging of parallel arcs, loops and vertices elimination, the equivalent fuzzy graph of train-handling and the corresponding L-matrix were obtained. Equivalent graph takes into account separately activity of the driver during normal operation and during emergency situations. Originality. The theoretical foundations of describing process formalization in driver’s locomotive-handling activity were developed using the fuzzy probabilistic graph. The parameters characterizing the decision-making process of engineer were obtained. Practical value. With the resulting model it is possible to estimate the available reserves for the quality improvement of locomotive-handling. Reduction in the time for decision-making will lead to the approximation the current mode of control to the rational one and decrease costs of hauling operations. And reduction in the time for the emergency situations identifying will lead to the traffic safety increasing through the implementation of measures of early response to danger.

105-115

Authors: D. M. Kozachenko, M. I. Berezovyi, V. O. Balanov, V. V. Zhuravel

Purpose. The article is devoted to the development of estimation methods of time reserves that should be formed at the train schedule and the schedule for the turnover of freight trains, required to ensure the sustained interaction of technological processes of industrial enterprises and railways for the transportation of freight on schedule. Methodology. The paper considers the issues of bulk conveyance organization between industrial enterprises on schedule. In order to ensure the arrival of trains at the destination station to the specified time, the schedules of rolling stocks turnover must have some time reserves. These reserves, in their turn, should be sufficient for correction action of destabilizing factors. The methods of mathematical statistics were used to study the schedule performance quality of separate trains. Currently the movement of the main part of freight trains is performed on preparedness and occupation processes of separate schedule train paths by some depots are not fixed. Therefore, the analyses of the schedule performance of freight trains do not allow receiving the material for research. And, due to the lack of statistical material on the punctuality of the schedule for the movement of freight trains, research of the passenger trains movement with subsequent dissemination of results on freight movement were carried out by the authors. Findings. The research proved that the trains arrival at the destination station according to the schedule should be ensured by permissible rating of delay as well as increase the operating time of trains and running intervals. The values of the additional time reserves that should be included in the schedule of trains, and the schedule for the turnover of freight trains to provide conditional interaction of railroads and industrial enterprises in Ukraine were proposed. Originality. On the basis of the research development graph methods of trains turnover, providing transportation of goods on schedule were improved. Practical value. The obtained results can be used for the technical-and-economic calculations of transition effectiveness of industrial enterprises for maintenance on schedule as well as in the development of schedule on the initial stages of testing technology.

129-135

Authors: V. V. Mikhailenko, S. A. Аbdulaiev, V. V. Ernst, V. V. Chupak

Purpose. This work is directed on study of the electromagnetic processes in electric circuits with semiconductor commutators. It is necessary to develop the new mathematical models of functions determination and algorithmic equations for analysis of formed and transition processes in electric circuits of the variable structure. To research the mathematical models with semiconductor commutators and sections, in which sine, constant and pulsed voltages appear. Methodology. The mathematical model of the semiconductor converter with electromechanical load was created for achievement the purpose in view. It is shown that appearance of nonlinear element complicates powerfully the problems of the calculation and studies appearing in circuits of the electromagnetic processes. The most complications appear in circuits of the variable structure, in which sine, constant and pulsed current arise under the action of appropriete voltages. Findings. The new mathematical models of the electromagnetic processes were designed in three-phase electric circuit of the semiconductor converters with multiserver zoned regulation of phase voltages (without losses in semiconductor commutators) for quick estimation the load parameters influence on level and form of the output voltage. Originality. The method of multi-parameter functions was developed. The last are included in algorithmic equations for analysis of formed and transition processes in network with semiconductor commutators and reactive elements, in the considerations direction of phase to neutral voltages usage in the power circuit. It is motivated that use of the multi-parameter modulating functions method in electric circuit of variable structures is expedient if in their sections there are not more than three independent reactive elements. The new mathematical model of formed and transition processes in electric circuits of the semiconductor converters, modulation type with multiserver zoned use of phase to neutral voltages in three-phase network of the power supply was developed. At that energy loss in commutators were not taken into account. Such mathematical model was created for quick estimation the influence of parameters load on controlled features of sine and constant voltages. Practical value. New scheme technical solutions of semiconductor commutators with high-frequency impulse relative time regulation of output voltage when change parameters load in a wide range were created. It has allowed raising the speed of the electro technological systems. The increase in speed methods of regulation and determinations the energy efficient mode parameters of semiconductor commutators of the electro technological systems were developed. The new methods of analyzes of formed and transition processes in electric circuits of semiconductor converters, modulation type with constant output voltages and with miscellaneous types of modulating influence.

146-156

Authors: N. P. Nastechik, I. O. Bondarenko, R. V. Marcul

Purpose. To date, there is a tendency for the implementation of high-speed trains on the territory of the Ukrainian Railways, which requires increasing the strength and stability of the construction of the railway track. At the same time requirements for intermediate rail fastening have increased and widened. It is on trackwork and repair of the rail fastening labor costs during the operation are from 10 to 18%. One of the main types of fastening, which after long operational observations was included in the permanent operation (5 th. km.) is an intermediate fastening, type КПП-5. Data from previous theoretical studies reliably prevented clear science-based answers and results of the rail fastening. Therefore, the aim is to develop a methodology and rationale for the theoretical research work of rail fastening, type КПП-5 with a detailed assessment of the appearance of stress state places in its elements from the effects of rolling stock. Methodology. The basis of study methods of theoretical research work of the intermediate rail fastening, type КПП-5 (with a detailed assessment of the state of stress in its intermediate elements from the effects of the rolling stock) is the theory of finite elements method (FEM). Findings. Using the FEM it was found that one of the main elements of the intermediate rail fastening, which first perceives share of the value of the lateral force transmitted from the effects of rolling stock are elastic type terminals, type КП-5. Analyzing the data set, the bars in the terminal voltages at the inner side of the rail thread 53,1-56% are greater than the stresses on the outside of rail thread. Originality. A mathematical model of railway track with intermediate rail fastening, type КПП-5 under the action of rolling stock for the study of the stress state in the elements of fastening was developed. This mathematical model let take into account the physical and mechanical properties of the test elements and geometrical fixing fastenings as constructive and operational characteristics of the entire rail fastening in general. Practical value. The obtained results in this work of FE simulations allow reflecting and exploring the most likely places of the stress state appearance in the elements of the fastening, type КПП-5, in which damages and defects can be in the future. This in general will affect the operation stability of the railway track as a whole.

168-179

Authors: L. K. Polishchuk, R. D. Iskovych-Lototskyi, O. O. Koval

Purpose. The aim is to study the effects of conditions and duration of working of structures arrows of a clamp-forming machine on mechanical properties of the material and its stress corrosion cracking under tension. It is necessary to improve the accuracy of resources analysis of boom metalwares of lifting and transporting machines. Methodology. Samples for experimental investigations were made of the elements of arrow continued exploited clamp-forming machine where there were major work stress. Centers of greatest efforts in elements of arrows constructions were determined in its 3D model in the analysis of the stress cards by finite element method. Experimental studies were performed at the facility UVP-6, which determined the characteristics of strength and ductility of samples of two types by means of tensile strain, speed 10-5 s-1 and 10-6 s-1 in air and in the environment of synthetic rain. Metallographic studies were performed on a scanning electron microscope. Findings. Experimental studies found that after long-term operation of arrow of clamp-forming machine material of its most loaded elements changed due to characteristics of strength and ductility. At joint action of corrosion environment and the greatest stress on the surface of the material expressions, point defects are appeared. They are concentrators of local mechanical stress, which reduce the resource construction elements of the arrow. Originality. 1. Firstly set patterns of changes in the mechanical properties of continued operated metal construction of arrow of clamp-forming machine made of St. 3; 2. Received further developed methodology for remaining resource estimation continued operated of metal boom lifting and shipping the machine by taking into account joint action vibration and dynamic loads and corrosive environments. Practical value. Determination the residual resource of continued operated boom lifting and transporting metal machines should be carried out taking into account the degradation of the mechanical properties of the material as well as the dynamic nature of the load. The obtained regularities on changes of mechanical properties and stress corrosion cracking under tension of an arrow material will contribute to increase evaluation accuracy of fragility of residual resource of load carrying steel structures. baseline'> in air and in the environment of synthetic rain. Metallographic studies were performed on a scanning electron microscope. Findings. Experimental studies found that after long-term operation of arrow of clamp-forming machine material of its most loaded elements changed due to characteristics of strength and ductility. At joint action of corrosion environment and the greatest stress on the surface of the material expressions, point defects are appeared. They are concentrators of local mechanical stress, which reduce the resource construction elements of the arrow. Originality. 1. Firstly set patterns of changes in the mechanical properties of continued operated metal construction of arrow of clamp-forming machine made of St. 3; 2. Received further developed methodology for remaining resource estimation continued operated of metal boom lifting and shipping the machine by taking into account joint action vibration and dynamic loads and corrosive environments. Practical value.Determination the residual resource of continued operated boom lifting and transporting metal machines should be carried out taking into account the degradation of the mechanical properties of the material as well as the dynamic nature of the load. The obtained regularities on changes of mechanical properties and stress corrosion cracking under tension of an arrow material will contribute to increase evaluation accuracy of fragility of residual resource of load carrying steel structures.

189-206

Authors: V. M. Bohomaz, K. Ts. Hlavatskyi, O. A. Mazur

Purpose. One of basic elements of band bucket elevators is their drive. For determination of power drive it is necessary to conduct calculations on standard by methods, in what it is needed to expend enough time. One of project parameters is productivity of elevator. It is necessary to build parametric dependence of power drive of elevator on its design capacity that takes into account a type and descriptions of load, lifting height, standard sizes and parameters of buckets and tapes. Methodology. Using the method of hauling calculation of band buckets elevators, the parametric dependences of power drive of high-speed elevators are built with deep and shallow buckets from their productivity at fixed type of load and height of getting up. Findings. It is set on the basis of the built parametric dependences that the change function of a size of elevator power from design capacity (at fixed to the lifting height, load type, rate of tape movement) is piecewise and droningly increasing. The intervals of project values of productivity, which provide the permanent size of elevator power drive are certain in a general view. As the example of application of the recived results the construction process of power drive dependence from design capacity of elevator of shotblasting room, which is intended for transporting of the metallic shot using for consolidating of carriage springs, is considered. For concrete type of load and lifting height of such elevator graphic dependence of power drive on productivity was built. Originality. Parametric dependences of elevator power drive on its design capacity were first built, which take into account a type and physical and mechanical descriptions of load, lifting height, standard sizes and parameters of buckets and tapes. Practical value. The use of the built dependences enables in relation to rapid determination of approximate value of power drive of vertical high-speed elevators with deep and shallow buckets on the stage of planning and to execute the high-quality selection of its basic elements at concrete project descriptions: type of load, productivity, lifting height.

222-230

Authors: A. V. Radkevich, V. F. Khudenko, V. M. Glushenko

Purpose. The article aims at analysis of existing approaches towards engineering, construction, reconstruction and major repair of buildings roofing systems and constructions for solving the matters regarding organizational and technological reliability. Methodology. The survey is based on methods of analogy, scientific analysis and synthesis. Findings. The analysis of innovative technologies as well as new construction materials for roofing has been carried out. Problems regarding their organizational and technological reliability have been specified. Relevance of the given problems has been grounded. Correlation between reliability of constructed facility or roofing repair from thoroughly chosen technology and also construction process organization in general was determined. All the specifications influencing roofing organizational and technological reliability have been divided into primary and secondary. New methodic conception including all the constituents of roofing in the whole has been worked out. Ukrainian and European specification documents have been taking into account. Roofing organizational and technological reliability scheme considering the factors that form reliability has been suggested. An urgent need for creation of roofing model taking into consideration the innovative technologies and latest roofing materials for choosing its rational variant has been emerged. It has to meet both customers and specification documents requirements and also desired level of organizational and technological reliability. Originality. For the first time the notion of «organizational and technological reliability» has been applied to roofing. Fundamental investigation of this notion has been suggested. Roofing reliability dependence on all its components as a whole has been analyzed. New approach towards roofing problems solving conception has been developed. Practical value. The survey results may be applied at roofing engineering and construction organizations activity analysis. Investigation results have practical value in roofing with desired reliability engineering.