Gardarika

13-25

Authors: Sergey I. Degtyarev

This work continues the publication of descriptions of human settlements of Baturyn county (uezd) in the Ukraine (Malorossia), which were presented to the last Ukrainian hetman Kirill Razumovsky by Empress Elizabeth (Elizaveta Petrovna) in 1760. The author gives a description of the hamlet (selo) Gorodische and town (mestechko) Bakhmach, who at that time were part of the Chernihiv Cossack regiment.

37-44

Authors: Evgenij M. Osadchij

Osadchiy Eugene. Fortification of the city Konstantinov. The article presents the results of a study of one of the hundreds of cities Left-bank Ukraine. Konstantinov was founded by Cossacks in 1646. Its fortifications consist of the Castle, Citadel and Fortress. Distribution and nature of individual elements of fortification indicated that Konstantinov was the fortress characteristic Cossack’s military tradition. The city was sustained several sieges and assaults. Then the fortifications were restored. The structure of the three parts of the city due to its borderline status and a series of military conflicts that occurred in the region in the second half of the 17th – early 18th centuries. In the middle 18th century, the fortress had dismantled, and the town was moved to the north.