Indian Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology

06-10

Authors: Archanabahen Archanabahen,Jitendra R. Zaveri*

Introduction: The cost of drug play important role in practice of medicine and disease outcome. In Indian market numerous brand available of generic drug. Tuberculosis is curable disease but if proper treatment not taken by patients then lead to development of drug resistance or pulmonary disability. AKT drugs used for the management of tuberculosis. Objective: To compare and analysed cost variation in AKT drugs with different brand name for same dosage form & same active compound. Materials and Methods: The price of the drug with same formulation and same strength (Dosage) was review from Indian drug review issue 3, 2017 (IDR) & CIMS (Apr- Jul 2017). Percentage of cost price variation and Cost ratio is analysed. Result: High percentage of cost variation among first line AKT drugs seen with Ethambutol (474.51%) followed by Isoniazid (432.60%). Least percentage of cost variation seen with streptomycin (1.01%) followed by rifampicin (1.33%). Maximum cost ratio of first line drugs seen with Ethambutol (5.74). Among 2nd line AKT drug Maximum and least percentage of cost variation are seen with levofloxacin 500 mg tablet formulations (1550.84%) and Ofloxacin 400 mg sustained Releases - tablet (1.57%) respectively. Higher percentage of cost variation seen with more manufacture company/ no. of brand. Conclusion: The wide percentage of cost variation is seen with AKT drugs available in Indian market. Regulation of drug price by concerned agencies and by government is needed. Rational drug prescription with low cost is important for treatment adherence and disease outcome.

14-17

Authors: Padmavathi Vutukuru,Kranti Tekulapally*

Introduction: Hyperlipidemias are recognized as one of the major risk factors for the development of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD). Statins are the most potent lipid lowering agents currently available that significantly lower the morbidity and mortality associated with CAD. Aim: To compare the cost of various statins of different brands by calculating the percentage variation of cost. Materials and Methods: Prices of different statin preparations per 10 tablets/ capsules in rupees were reviewed from Drug today April-June 2018 issue and www.drugsupdate.com for analysis. Maximum and minimum price difference of the same drug manufactured by different pharmaceutical companies was calculated. Percentage variation was calculated as per the following formula Drug formulations manufactured by only one company and those whose price could not be obtained from the sources were excluded from analysis. Results: Maximum companies are manufacturing single drug atorvastatin 10mg (192) and atorvastatin 5 mg + ezetimibe 10mg (40). Highest percentage variation in cost is found with atorvastatin 5 mg (900%) and in atorvastatin 10mg + amlodipine 5 mg (1488%). Conclusion: There is wide variation in the cost of various statins available in India, which increases the economic burden on patients. Government of India should take more consumer friendly steps to control the cost of drugs. Physicians should maintain a P-drug list and prescribe low cost and effective drugs to improve compliance to drug therapy and ensure effective treatment of the disease.

22-27

Authors: Bajaj V A,Turankar AV*,Thakre M,Tiple PG,V M. Motghare

Introduction: Psychomotor performance results from the coordination of sensory and motor system through the integrative and organizational process of brain and central nervous system. Psychotropic drugs may adversely affect work performance which depends on psychomotor activities. Both valproate and flunarizine are widely used drugs in prophylaxis of migraine and they are known to have effect on psychomotor performance. Hence this study was carried out to evaluate the effect of valproate & flunarizine on psychomotor performance in patients of migraine with the help of battery of subjective & objective psychomotor tests over a period of 8 weeks. Materials and Methods: Patients were allocated to one of the two groups on first day of examination. Baseline psychomotor tests were measured using battery of tests including critical flicker fusion test (CFFT), hand steadiness test (HST), arithmetic ability test & reaction time monitoring. At the end of 4 weeks & 8 weeks, again tests using same methods employed previously were performed. Efficacy was calculated by using Migraine dairy template (0, 4, 8 weeks) & CGI Scale (end). A total of 44 patients were recruited with 22 patients in each arm. Results: Flunarizine (n=20) & valproate (n=20) significantly increased CFFT, AAT scores at the end of 8 weeks compared to baseline and significantly reduced HST, RT, Frequency, Duration and severity at the end of 8 weeks compared to baseline. When flunarizine was compared to valproate no statistical significance was found in scores of CFFT, AAT, HST, RT, Frequency, duration, severity, global improvement and efficacy index. Conclusion: Flunarizine & Valproate were found to be equally efficacious to improve psychomotor performance.