Economica

9

Authors: Irina TODOS

In the current economic context, concerns about environmental protection and the multiplication of the negative effects of industrial development on the environment have become particularly persistent. Environmental concerns have become particularly persistent, through the organization of various scientific events, which have laid the foundations for concepts such as sustainability/sustainable development, which promote human awareness, regarding the interdependencies between economic, political, natural and social phenomena, on a planetary level. The interest in environmental protection, addressing global problems of economic and social development, is on the agenda of the United Nations, which develops strategies and programs to solve them. The purpose of this work is to increase the degree of knowledge of the components of sustainable business development in ensuring a green business practice, thus, close knowledge of the ESG concept will allow companies to establish and prioritize their fields and activity policies.

13

Authors: Stefan BLANUTA, Anatol GODONOAGA

The paper addresses some decisionmaking processes in the economic areas of production and transport, focused on the optimization, in various aspects, of these processes. A special emphasis is given to capitalizing on optimal decisions, respecting traditional conditions and special restrictions imposed by the pollution phenomenon. Pollution is the consequence of economic activities in the respective fields. In most economic and mathematical models, the pollution functions define constraints, which can essentially reduce, compared to classical situations, the set of admissible solutions. For certain situations, constructive numerical algorithms are proposed, which could effectively and in real time solve the problems in question.

17

Authors: Cristina CHIRVAS

The process of diaspora formation is usually conditioned by migration processes and the creation of migrant communities abroad is one of the effects of migration that bring with it a series of advantages for the countries of origin. Diaspora represents an active power, involved in almost all fields of activity of a society, therefore, in the specialized literature, the term itself is treated differently, depending on the field of study that addresses it. However, how can diaspora be defined, how can its size be assessed, how is this term different from migration, how the interest in the study of diaspora has evolved and what are the economic ramifications of diaspora actions for the countries of origin, are just some of the aspects that we propose to address during the research.

19

Authors: Alina SUSLENCO, Octavian COZNIUC

This study explores the possibilities for digital transformation of small and mediumsized enterprises (SMEs) in the European Union (EU) caused by the pandemic crisis. The research is a methodological foray into the main perspectives of their digital transformation. According to the study carried out, we can say that a large part of SMEs in the EU area have been dramatically affected by the pandemic crisis, they being forced to identify solutions to ensure viability, new competitive advantages that give them the opportunity to increase their organizational performance, to enter new markets, to effectively overcome the barriers imposed by the crisis. At the same time, SMEs in the EU face a multitude of challenges in implementing information technologies (IT), and the results of the analyses carried out show that over 81% of large enterprises already used IT technologies during 2021, while only 37% of SMEs in the EU had IT technologies in place.

12

Authors: Iurie MALANCEA

This article presents the strategic perspectives for developing the company's image. Corporate image is a powerful source of competitive advantage that enables a company to generate long-term added value. Through the operational framework of brand management, the company addresses image strategically, starting with planning and ending with monitoring and continuous improvement of image aspects. Throughout the life cycle of the enterprise, the company’s brand concept goes through the process of launching, developing, and strengthening, which involves selecting strategic directions at the brand concept level (functional, symbolic, experiential). Approached from this perspective, the company’s image is strengthened in a consequential manner and, as a result, can have a long-lasting impact on the company's competitiveness in the market.

13

Authors: Tatiana DZIUBETCAIA, Natalia COSTOVA

Insurance, together with other market instruments, guarantees the stability of economic development and acts as a stimulator of economic growth, accumulating resources in the form of insurance premiums and transforming them into investments, thus increasing the efficiency of the entire financial system of the country. The insurance market contributes not only to the development of social reproduction, but also actively influences financial flows in the national economy through the insurance fund, constituting a significant part of the financial market in the country. In order to understand the level of development of the insurance market in the Republic of Moldova and how it can be improved, it is important to evaluate its current situation, identify challenges and prospects, which will be analysed in this article.

17

Authors: Natalia BANCILA, Angela POPOVICI

An enterprise generates cash flows in the course of its operation, while carrying out its financial function via a funding process, which, in turn, is one of the main objectives of financial management, that of supplying sufficient resources to finance its activity. The issue of financing enterprises both nationally and internationally has become more prominent over the last two years due to the global pandemic situation, as well as the war in Ukraine, which imposed new conditions of activity, a fact that confirms the importance and timeliness of this research. Thus, the study consists of a review of issues related to financing of enterprises, identifying their problems, as well as proposing solutions to overcome them.

21

Authors: Elina BENEA-POPUSOI, Amalia JILCA

The article approaches the production of perfumes as part of the creative industries and its evolution. We investigated the international economic stakes of perfume production, showing that global perfume exports have exhibited a sinusoidal evolution in recent years. We presented the evolution of perfume exports, as well as the Export Potential Indicator with reference to countries and export markets. The local economic stakes were exposed through the lens of supply and value chains, showing the direct, indirect and induced economic impact of the perfume industry. We addressed the ethical and economic concerns related to animal testing in the perfume production process. The case study on the Joint Stock Company “Viorica-Cosmetic” elucidated the local impact of the perfume industry in the Republic of Moldova. We analysed the evolution of the company's economic performance indicators.

9

Authors: Oleg STRATULAT

The financial sector of the economy of the Republic of Moldova, established as a result of building the market economy, has complained to many modern financial institutions, which triggered, on the one hand, the profound transformation of the legacy inherited from the state economy, and, on the other hand, the founding of new entities. Obviously, this process has resulted in a shortage of qualified personnel in the field of finance, which, along the way, thanks to the expansion of financial education, has been covered. However, even after three decades, there are deficiencies in the training of staff. One of the fundamental problems in the training and professional development of specialists in the field of currency and credit is the modelling of professional skills, issue that is investigated in this paper. The obtained results can serve as support for the argumentation of the recommendations on the modernization of financial education, the selection and adaptation of the content of the lecture units and non-auditorial teaching activities, but also of the professional training programs and the procedures for assessing professional competences to the contemporary requirements of functioning of financial institutions.

11

Authors: Saleh AWADA

Although the Soviet Union education system and its principles do not exist anymore, many parents and grandparents still regret that they cannot train their descendants in higher education institutions of a soviet-style and the labour market of both Moldova and Israel stimulate these aspirations. In this research, the author tries to find out current problems of Higher Education and suggest some solutions for solving them. The research is based on intensive study of literature, articles and scientific papers on the labour market in Israel and the Republic of Moldova, trying to compare the ratio between the educational supply of higher education and the demand of the labour market in both countries, to reveal problems and propose some possible solutions, based on international experience.

14

Authors: Angela BOGUS, Marina BAIESU

This paper aims to highlight the key role that corporate governance plays in increasing the efficiency and the economic growth of organizations, including the public institutions. The benefits and effects that Corporate Governance offers have led to the expansion of the practice in question, including in the public sector. Although the mission of the public sector is a social one, it differs significantly from that of the private sector – which is the economic one, however, a number of corporate governance traits are specific to both sectors, and the aim of each sector is to streamline management and improve the internal control system. The study highlights the reasons that have led to growing interest in corporate governance in the public sector, providing the possibility to identify optimal solutions to prevent negative practices of fraud and financial failure.

16

Authors: Igor TURCANU

The basic task of a modern tax institution is to develop relationships with the business environment by improving the tax environment. Equidistant, fair and equitable treatment will help increase taxpayers’ confidence in this institution. In order to accomplish this task, the state tax administration body must be in a permanent process of modernization and institutional change, implementing strategies at the level of development programs, voluntary compliance, prevention and combating tax evasion, adoption of digital solutions. The study carried out by the author has set out as a task to address the issue of institutional modernization by improving the fiscal environment, thereby contributing to increasing the confidence of the business environment towards this institution. The scientific approach started from the idea of reconciling the interests of the State Tax Service with those of the business environment, in order to maintain a constructive and mutually beneficial dialogue on tax administration.

10

Authors: Tatiana JURAVELI

The spirit of a negotiator represents a necessary quality for a businessman in order to launch the business and obtain performances. Achieving performance, however, presupposes a consolidation of personal qualities and abilities, in order to be directed towards the strategic development of the tourism enterprise. If we are referring to the tourism business, then it certainly does not ignore this requirement. Without a trained and experienced person in the field of business negotiation, it is quite complicated to get some results, which are beneficial for the tourism business. In this article, the author analyses the role of the negotiator in starting the negotiations related to the tourism business, characterizing his personal and professional traits.

10

Authors: Igor TURCANU

Public finances represent the economic engine of the rule of law. The way in which the financial means are collected depends on whether the State honours its obligations towards its citizens. Due to the complexity of the content and subject matter, the author has set himself the objective of elucidating the method of establishing budget revenues through taxes, duties and state social security and health insurance contributions. This article also highlights the tax administration mechanisms through which the State ensures the collection of the financial means intended for public needs. The entire scientific approach has combined economic theory in the field of public finances and recent tax administration practices used by the State Tax Service in relation to taxpayers.

11

Authors: Nicolae PLATON, Tatiana JURAVELI

Any negotiation process implies the existence of distinct parties, an object of negotiation and a certain context. The negotiating partners are in a certain relationship of forces, one or the other of the parties being able to have an ascendant over the other. In order for the negotiations to have the expected effect and to resolve certain disputes related to the tourism business, it is necessary that, beyond the personal interests of the negotiators, the parties should be able to define a common project, which would make the object of the negotiations be accomplished. This article characterizes the effect of power as a method of influencing the process of commercial negotiation in the field of tourism business.

14

Authors: Orlando Marian VOICA, Stelian STANCU

This research introduces a new approach to organizational capabilities of enterprises that pursued change. The purpose of our research is to create a straightforward model for the dynamic capabilities that can be used by all organizations that intend to involve themselves in a change endeavour. We collected data through a questionnaire filled by executives, managers and consultants that were directly involved in a change initiative within a Romanian organization and had extensive knowledge about the organizational change processes and their results. A number of 21 organizational routines were analysed as possible independent variables for a model establishment. The objective of the proposed framework is to support the continuous improvement of organizational change processes by enabling the discovery of the critical managerial areas that have impact on the final change result and the focus of practitioners on those routines whose absence can impair the change success.