INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH -GRANTHAALAYAH

10-21

Authors: Ahmad Syukri , Maisah , Sungkowo

This Study at Al Baqiyatus Shalihat Islamic Boarding School in West Tanjung Jabung Regency, Karya Pembangunan Al-Hidayah Islamic Boarding School in Jambi City and Al-Munawaroh Boarding School in Merangin Regency Jambi Province. Life Skills Program are a group of skills program that include social skill, personal skill, academic skill and vocational skill. These skills are taught at Islamic boarding schools to equip students to live independently and have Islamic entrepreneurial behavior in the face of the development and progress of the times. The purpose of this study was to determine the management life skills program to improve the behavior of students in entrepreneurship, the excellence of managing life skills program that have been implemented by Islamic Boarding Schools and determined the behavior of students in entrepreneurship. The research approach is used to descriptive qualitative approach. Data collection techniques using observation, interview and documentation. Data analysis using Miles and Huberman models and data validity techniques using data triangulation. The results of the study are management of life skills program start from planning activities that include vision, mission, goals and strategies for achievement life skills program are carried out through integration of subjects, semi-integration, courses, training and habituation. Life skills program evaluation includes program evaluation system, funding and teaching staff. The evaluation results are used to improve the program. The advantages of pesantren in managing life skills program include having the concepts of planning, implementation and evaluation, obtaining legality and funding support from foundation, as well as permanent funding assistance from the regional and provincial government. Santri’s entrepreneurship behavior developed in Islamic boarding schools includes social behavior in the form of creative and innovative attitude that dare to take action with measured risks so as to create new things that are original and of economic value that do not violate the rules (syar'i) both of regulations relating to honor, preserving time, it is not disturb the environment, make a loss, spread hatred, persecute, give priority to help, work in faith and orient to the values of faith and devotion

29-42

Authors: Derara Birasa , Yosef Deneke , Diriba Oljira , Garoma Desa

The study was conducted in Meda Welabu district, Bale zone, Ethiopia from March 2019 to November 2019 to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of the community toward rabies using a community based cross sectional study supported by semi-structured questionnaire survey. Meda Welabu district and the kebeles were selected purposively and by lottery method respectively, while the households from each kebeles were selected using systematic random sampling technique. Of 400 people interviewed, the majority of participants (88%) had been heard of rabies previously and 52.5% of them knew dogs as the reservoir of rabies. About 73% of them answered bite is the major source of rabies transmission and 62.8% could able to describe the symptoms of rabies in dogs. Statistically significant difference was revealed between some key questions related to KAP and explanatory variables like sex (P<0.001), age (P<0.001) educational levels (P<0.001) and religion (P<0.001) of respondents. Generally, the people in this area are a little bit known about rabies; however, they have negative attitude and practice on rabies. Therefore, an education outreach should be conveyed to ensure accurate knowledge, improve attitude and practice about rabies in this area.

49-56

Authors: Budiman Yunus , Dan Basse Siang Parawansa

This study aims to analyze the management pattern of integrated mangrove ponds (silvofishery) as a form of creating an environmentally friendly ecosystem and the sustainable use of its resources. The study was conducted through direct observation of three silvofishery patterns that were developed based on the level of knowledge and motivation of the farm-pond community in the coastal area of archipelago Pangkajene District, Pangkep Regency. The research variables consist of 3 integrated management patterns, namely: 1) embankment path pattern, 2) trench path pattern, and 3) complangan pond pattern. These three patterns want to know their contribution to the production of Chanos chanos biomass, Penaeid shrimp, and Scylla sp., as a natural biodiversity and as indicator of environmentally friendly and sustainable ecosystems. Knowledge and motivation data on environmental management (silvofishery) are analyzed based on Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Whereas the production of 3 silvofishery patterns were analyzed by Anova by SRD (0.05) test. The results showed knowledge and motivation contribute positively to the management of integrated silvofishery patterns. Furthermore, these three patterns of silvofishery contribute positively in maintaining pond production (milkfish, shrimp and crab), where the silvofishery pond pattern gives a greater influence value, and supports the realization of sustainable management of integrated ecosystems of mangroves and ponds.

65-73

Authors: Sumirah , Idarianty , Ely Surayya

Madrasah organizational transformation in the information technology era is not always successful, there are important things that must be considered by organizations, namely: the possibility of rejection of the transformation. Organizational transformation done by reengineering, for example, has a risk of failure caused by resistance to changes in the status quo. That is, if the organization can reduce the risk of resistance to organizational transformation, the organizational transformation will be successful. In addition, to succeed in organizational transformation, support and involvement of top management is needed, a clear vision of change, a model of change especially for Human Resources is planned carefully, involving all parties at various levels of management in planning and implementing organizational transformation, employees must also be more empowered.

80-85

Authors: Y. V. Subba Rao

In Astronomy, a meteorite is a sand- to boulder-sized particle of debris which collides with the earth in the Solar System. Astrobiology Division of NASA asserts that Meteorites are carriers of life building blocks of DNA from space to the earth. Vedic Paradigm and Bhagavad-Gita define that Meteorites are the forms of those persons who fall to be reborn after having enjoyed the fruits of their meritorious deeds in Heaven. Thus, a meteorite appears to be a cosmic and divine dispensation. It is therefore aimed at correlating all these different aspects relating to meteorites and this necessitates a relook at the definition of meteorites for brevity. In this paper, the different aspects pertaining to meteorites are discussed and verified to arrive at a new definition for a ‘Meteorite’. Thus, a ‘Meteorite is a rock from space with DNA molecules enveloped by the imperishable soul of meritorious persons returned from heaven to Earth to be reborn and collides with the Earth in our Solar System and survives the impact with its composition remaining intact after collision’

98-114

Authors: Moza Abdallah Soud , Ogolla, D. A. , Mureithi S

Stringent business environment, shareholders’ expectations on financial returns and the realization of companies’ goals are some of the factors that have led to team leaders embracing talent management initiatives at various places of work. Innovation, demographic changes, competition and the advancement in technology have made leaders lose highly able and skilled staff to their rivals. To minimize losing competent staff, organizations must set aside sufficient resources and time to embed talent management initiatives across their firms. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between talent management practices and organizational performance in Islamic banks in Kenya. The researcher adopted the following factors: recruitment, selection, learning & development and employee retention to examine their impact on organizational performance. The study targeted 100 respondents from the three Islamic banks in Kenya and used multivariate regression analysis to examine the relationships between the study variables. The researcher concludes that the three independent variables; recruitment, selection and learning & development strongly impact organizational performance but not for employee retention which has no impact on organizational performance. Therefore, if these organizations are to achieve their desired objectives, they must adequately address the factors identified in this study.

119-127

Authors: Prashant Thote *1, Gowri. S

In this paper attempt is made to investigate summative examination questions of grade 11 according to cognitive complexity. Total 12 senior secondary schools grade 11 question papers of the academic year 2018-19 end exams are considered in the present study. Total 384 questions are asked. In the present study conducted - theory based content analysis and qualitative methodology is employed by using revised Bloom’s taxonomy of cognitive objectives. Higher order thinking, middle order thinking and lower order thinking skills based questions are structured. The present research is guided by research question “What kind of cognitive skills and knowledge do grade 11 examination questions require?” Result of the study reveals that year end examinations are demanding. 52% questions are from higher order cognitive skills. Revised Bloom’s Taxonomy is used for designing the assessment tool. The two higher order thinking skills categories should be more evenly present in the exam.

136-146

Authors: Ahmad Syukri , Kasful Anwar Us , Fahrina Yustiasari Liriwati

The research approach used is a qualitative approach, it is hoped that the lifting of the picture of quality, social reality and perceptions of the target researchers. Information obtained through purposive sampling based on research needs. The research subjects consisted of three leaders of Islamic boarding schools (Islamic Boarding School Chairman Khairul Ummah, Indragiri Hulu Regency, Islamic Boarding School Al-Amin Dumai Boarding Schools, and Boarding School AlMujtahadah Islamic Boarding School Pekanbaru). Data collection techniques carried out by observation, interview and documentation. The results of entrepreneurship management research in Islamic boarding schools in empowering the economic community is managerially, the three boarding schools delegate their entrepreneurial management to people appointed by the head of the boarding school. In addition, they create a specific agency, field or work unit to take care of existing entrepreneurship. The Community Economic Empowerment Model conducted by the three Islamic boarding schools in Riau province, namely the Khairul Ummah Islamic boarding school, chose the laundry business unit as a medium for community economic empowerment. This laundry business unit is an Islamic boarding school based women's empowerment activity with the name of the mother laundry group, Al-Amin Dumai Islamic boarding school conducting community economic empowerment activities in the field of oyster mushroom cultivation and training and processing of oyster mushroom cultivation products while the model of community economic empowerment is carried out in Islamic boarding schools Al-Mujtahadah Pekanbaru through learning life skills in the form of automotive training at the Al-Mujtahadah Islamic Boarding School Work Training Community in Pekanbaru. The contribution of entrepreneurship management in Islamic boarding schools in Riau province in community economic empowerment lies in two aspects, namely the material aspect and the moral aspect, in the material aspect namely; 1. operational funding for institutions and boarding schools, 2. construction and maintenance of infrastructure for boarding schools, 3. welfare of students and community life. While on the moral aspect, namely; 1. provide entrepreneurial experience to the students, 2. learning for students and the community to entrepreneurship, 3. a harmonious relationship between the boarding school and the community, 4. be an example of a communitybased boarding school entrepreneurship.

156-179

Authors: Mamdouh Salama Morsi , Abdel Hai. A. Farrag , Esam E. A. El Sayed , Ashraf M. T. Elewa

Water from some sources may contain so much salt that it is unsuitable for irrigation because of potential danger to the soil or crops. Irrigation water quality can best be determined by chemical laboratory analysis. The main objectives of this study are to assess the surface water quality for irrigation, and to present solutions for managing and protecting these resources in Assiut area. To achieve that, thirty surface water samples were collected from River Nile and main irrigation canals. Chemical analysis was carried out and analyzed for major and trace elements according to the irrigation water guidelines of (FAO 1985), and (Rowe, et al. 1995), taking into account the spatial variations and the representation of the hydro chemical data. The results show that 97% of surface water samples lie within no restriction on use level and 3% is represent slight to moderate restoration on use according to TDS concentrations. 97 % of surface water samples belongs to (C2-S1) good water for irrigation all crops in all soils and 3 % belongs to (C3 -S1) good water for irrigation all crops in all soils under ordinary and specific condition like adequate drainage and leaching According U.S. salinity laboratory staff classification depend on (EC, TDS and SAR). Where 87% Excellent water for irrigation sensitive all crops and low likelihood of soil problems According Boron content. Consequently, it is recommended to prevent the sewage and domestic waste water, and the industrial waste water from direct disposal without treatment to the irrigation canals and River Nile; controlling the use of fertilizers and pesticides in the agriculture purposes; selected the suitable crops for every sector (area) according to the chemical characters of the available irrigation water and soil properties.

190-200

Authors: S. B. Thakur , A. Bajagain

Moringa oleifera L. is indigenous to northern foothills which includes Northern India, Pakistan and Nepal and genetic diversity is especially available in the Tarai region of Nepal including northern India. It's well climate stress adaptive nature, easy propagation, less input and intercultural operation requirement has proven to be boon in many ways. As it is the economical and reliable alternative for good nutrition, medicinal use, animal feed and fodder, plant supplement and soil reclamation, it can be touted as a miracle plant. Diverse form and edible utility of Moringa, helps for food and nutritional security for present and future. Likewise, carbon sinking attribute of its soft wood can be pivotal for curbing global warming and climate change. Moringa can thus help to create a well-nourished, healthy individual with happy family engaged in agriculture and agro-forestry blessed with good return and livelihood improvement. This review provides a brief overview about multipurpose use of Moringa and its implication to curb impacts on climate change, ensure food and nutrition security and sustain livelihood.

207-213

Authors: Dr. Deepak Verma , Dr. Ratan , Dr. Nemi Chand

Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is one of the most commonly performed surgical procedure with the advantage of short hospital stay, cosmetic, less post-operative pain and early return to work and thus ultimately cost effective. However, certain factors can make the procedure difficult and such patients many do not enjoy benefit of laparoscopic procedure particularly longer hospital stay. Aim: To determine various factors on clinical, pathological and radiological grounds to predict difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Material and Method: 200 patients admitted in surgical ward with a diagnosis of Chronic Calculus cholecystitis to be selected for laparoscopic cholecystectomy were subject of this study. Age, Sex, BMI, number of previous attack, previous abdominal surgery, past history of pancreatitis and jaundice, signs of acute cholecystitis, leucocytosis, CRP, Liver function tests, serum amylase and lipase, GB wall thickness, presence of pericholecystic fluid , status of GB and anatomical variation were various factors studied. Results: Age > 50 years, male sex, BMI>30, more than 4 attacks, signs of cholecystitis, leucocytosis > 11,000/cu mm, increased GB wall thickness, presence of pericholecystic fluid and overdistended or contracted gall bladder are associated with difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

223-237

Authors: Dr. Bed Raj Acharya

The main aim of this study is to investigate the challenges faced by teachers while conducting inclusive mathematics classroom practices and to explore the possible ways for promoting inclusive mathematics classroom practices. The design of this study was in qualitative nature within ethnographic approach. I took interview with mathematics teachers and math educators as the research tools to collect the required data. I have maintained a dairy for the purpose of recording information at the time of interview with my key respondents. Every recorded data was transcribed, coded, build themes and triangulate themes. And, finally the study concluded with the findings: disengaged curriculum, non-participatory teaching/learning practice, follow monoculture practices in multicultural mathematics classroom, lack of technology integrated pedagogy, imbalance theory and practices were major challenges for implementing inclusive mathematics classroom practices. On the top of that, engaging students in the classroom, shifting from exams to diversified assessment, group work, use of technology appropriately, encouragement students to participate the learning process, using different strategies in teaching – learning mathematics in the classroom, teaching mathematics linking with students daily life context, implementing collaborative learning, implementing equity pedagogy in the mathematics classroom , teaching mathematics through dialogical approaches and comprehensive assessment system are found as the means for good inclusive practices.

245-256

Authors: Abrahám A. Embí BS MBA

Background: Recently, a tabletop optical microscopy technique was introduced to display living tissue magnetic profiles. The purpose of this manuscript is to introduce via the aforementioned technique in vitro experiments showing the effect of aging on tissue biophysical changes and documentation of cross species magnetic profiles. The term “metabolism” entails electron transfers involving movement of electrons from donor to acceptor, magnetic profiles are theorized to be a reflection of metabolic levels. Methods: The magnetic profiles technique calls for the completion of a blood smear on a 25x75x1mm glass slide. For this manuscript, the water in the original smear was allowed to evaporate; and a second smear was superimposed on the first. On the center surface of the top slide, freshly plucked scalp human hairs or plants and insects samples were processed. The preparations were then individually viewed microscopically and images recorded. Results: All living hair samples, ants and flower reproductive organs showed presence of magnetic profiles. Discussion: Images demonstrate that as tissue ages, (Experiments in Hair Follicles), there is a decrease in magnetic profiles (read metabolism), that these profiles display a chaotic interaction directly proportional with age. It could be inferred that the magnetic profiles experiments presented are equivalent to living tissue energy detection (read metabolism). The profiles technique could be applied to a wide range of cross species interactions. The term “metabolism” entails electron transfers involving movement of electrons from donor to acceptor along the electron transfer chain thus inducing magnetic profiles.

266-270

Authors: Bhattacharya T

Man is a social animal and the niche he inhabits is his society. The units of this society serve tasks like education of the children, skill development of adults, care of the unhealthy, support of the infirm, maintenance of health in totality, rearing of the animals and trees to enhance living conditions among many others. Extrapolating the present arena of decline in emotional sensitivity of curricula, varied importance of different sections, unworthy approach to old and disregard of environment - the succession of the Homo sapiens appears bleak. The increasing carbon footprint and no cessation in the nature/ intent of using the resources endangers the physical existence too. This paper propounds the philosophy of a way to annihilate the shortcomings of the activity units –may be in a traditional fervor- to find a novel solution to the several questions confronting us. The resultant of this would be ignited minds receptive to changes, skilled personnel in every field irrespective of the differences and their coexistence eliminating conflict, amalgamation of the old guard of the homes as directing flags of the fleet of society and development of a holistic environment

279-280

Authors: V. Veitsman

Some consequences follow from Veitsman’s theorem. It is supposed that the physical time in space dependences on the state of the system under study. If space is in equilibrium, then there is no time known to us from physics in it. If the space is anisotropic then the time is to be a vector.

297-303

Authors: Obsta Vicky Narea Morales MSc , Dr. Jorge Daher Nader PhD , Obsta. Katherine Rodríguez , Obsta. Cinthya Baño , Obsta Gabriel Jiménez

The woman who is in a state of gestation tends to create fears implanted by rumors of society about labor, the main fear is the pain caused by labor. Only through a comprehensive, adequate, timely preparation will favorable results be achieved; by obstetric psychoprophylaxis. The research was carried out in two Health Centers in different regions of Ecuador. The Cerecita health center is located in the Cerecita enclosure, Guayaquil canton, Guayas province and the Cumandá health center which is located in the Cumandá canton within the Chimborazo province. This research work corresponds to a descriptive, analytical, non-experimental, cross-sectional study, with a correlational design. The sample consists of 198 pregnant women from the health centers of Cerecita (94) and Cumandá (104) Ecuador, nulliparous and multiparous who attended sessions of Obstetric Psychoprophylaxis that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results obtained were: in the age range in which the pregnant women were from the study carried out was between 14 and 19 years with a total of 95 patients, the attitude to practice psychoprophylaxis (PPO) with 102 patients performed Between 3 and 4 sessions, in the hours of labor the largest number with a total of 98 pregnant women were between 5 to 7 hours in this period, while 100 had a low pain threshold. Of the study group 159 pregnant women were eutocic births, the pregnant women of the Cumandá health center presented difficulties in attending the obstetric psychoprophylaxis sessions.

8-13

Authors: Meenu Joseph , Theertha Mohan , Thabsheera PP , Dr. Biju Baby Joseph , Dr. M. S. Deepa

Radiographs are imperative part of the complete assessment and treatment in medical and dental fields. The attractiveness and expediency of x ray technology extends way beyond the medical fields. Despite the fact that the advent of medical imaging reached to digital radiography, conventional radiography is still used by the practitioners. Unfortunately conventional radiographic procedures potentially generate hazardous waste products that have an alarming impact on environment. The accumulated waste products from the conventional radiographic methods may risk the environmental systems. Proper waste disposal and management is required to resolve this inevitable problem. The main intention of this article is to deal with the hazardous consequences of radiographic waste produced in dentistry and to enlighten the management methods to settle the impact of harmful effects of radiographic waste generated during dental procedure.

19-27

Authors: Nahason Sitohang

Effect of Work Environment on Employee performance at PT. Abadi Motor Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to determine how much influence the work environment has on employee performance. The variable used is the variable X as an independent variable that is the work environment and the variable Y as the dependent variable that is, employee performance. Work environment that is something that is around workers and can influence them in carrying out the tasks that are charged, Performance is the result or level of overall success of a person during a certain period while the place that is the object of this research is PT. Abadi motor Indonesia The research method used in this study is qualitative. The sampling technique used in this study was a random sampling technique with a total sampling of 30 respondents. The results of the study are: Linear regression + y = 15.21 + 0.65 X, product moment correlation test of r = 0.70, this means that this study has a strong influence. Determination coefficient of 49.5%, this means that the work environment contributes to employee performance by 49.5% and the remaining 50.5% is determined by other variables not included in this study, hypothesis test t count = 5.245, and t table 2.048, then t count> t table means that there is an influence of the work environment on employee performance

39-46

Authors: Magasu Oliver , Muleya Gistered , Mweemba Liberty

This study sought to investigate the teaching strategies used in Civic Education lessons in secondary schools in Zambia. The study used a descriptive case study design and data was collected using interviews, Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and observations. Purposive sampling procedure was used to target seventy-four participants. Data collected was analysed using themes that emerged from the literature review and objectives of the study. The main findings of the study were that teachers in secondary schools still used teacher-centred strategies in the teaching of Civic Education despite policy direction in the Zambia Education Curriculum of 2013. Lecture method was common most Civic Education lessons. A few who implemented reflective practice strategies in their lessons used debate, group discussions and brainstorming. Based on the findings, social sciences departments where Civic Education sits in secondary schools in Zambia should find mechanisms of observing reflective practice strategy in the teaching of Civic Education rather than just seeing lesson plans. The Ministry of General Education should take a deliberate move to provide workshops/short courses to Civic Education teachers on the importance and use of reflective practice strategy in Civic Education lessons. Further, Curriculum Development Centre (CDC) and Examination Council of Zambia (ECZ) should collaborate and re-design the Civic Education Syllabus and give it a practical project since the subject is practical in nature. There is need in future to assess the training of Civic Education teachers with regards to training for reflective practice strategy.

57-62

Authors: Bernadetha Nadeak , Lamhot Naibaho

This research is aimed at finding the effectiveness of mastery learning technique on improving students' ability in completing the English National Examination. This study was done at Bimbingan Belajar Gereja HKBP Sutotoyo, Jakarta. The research method used was quantitative research with "pre and post-test design", using two groups of research subjects. The population of the study 88 students consisted of Primary School (23 people) and Senior High School Students (62 persons), and the sample of the students was the Junior High School Students which was divided into group namely experimental group (33 persons) and control group (32 persons) which were selected using clustering sampling. The instrument of the research was a set of English Final Examination. The finding of the research is that the t-value is greater than t-table (4.323> 2,000) and the significance value is smaller than the significance level of 0.05 (0.000 <0.05). Then it is concluded that mastery learning technique significantly affects the students' ability in completing the English National Examination at Bimbingan Belajar HKBP Sutoyo, Jakarta. So, it is suggested that mastery learning technique should be implemented to improve the students' ability in completing the English National Examination.

72-83

Authors: Patrícia Teixeira de Matos 1 , Giovana Maria Belem Falcāo 1 , Pedro Claesen Dutra Silva 1 , Tania Maria De Sousa França , Márcia Machado Marinho , Gabrielle Silva Marinho

Currently, 9.7 million people in Brazil have some hearing impairment, who use a sign-visual language to communicate, the Brazilian Sign Language (LIBRAS). The discussion about education in an inclusive perspective of the deaf and Brazilian Sign Language has been expanded in recent years by education professionals, as well as by the deaf community itself. In this context, the present study sought to analyze the impact of the Brazilian Sign Language on the development of the deaf in the city of Acopiara-CE, located in the semiarid region of northeastern Brazil, through a case study structured in a descriptive and exploratory research. Data collection was carried out in three stages: visiting the deaf and his family, to explain the study, applying an identification questionnaire and applying a fundamental level I test. Thus, it was possible to analyze the reality of two deaf subjects , residents of the same city, approximate age range, who had their school journey diverging from each other, in which the mastery of the Brazilian Sign Language allowed a greater evolution in the inclusive process of one of the individuals. In conclusion, it was observed that inclusive education is still a subject of discussion, but proficiency in LIBRAS is fundamental to the inclusive process of the deaf

89-92

Authors: Svitlana Matvieieva

The article deals with the problem of creating thesaurus for the English-Ukrainian parallel legal corpus. Such a corpus enables translators and researchers optimize their work with legal texts and their language units – legal terms, choose the best variants for translations, dictionaries, ontologies, etc. The paper describes the problem of a term conceptual structure, it’s functions, and relations within the special legal texts organized in the sentence-aligned corpus. The author of the manuscript demonstrates the main principles of work with the training parallel legal corpus created by the author.

100-107

Authors: Li-Wei Lin , Su-Rong Yan , Jia-Lu Zhou , Rajesh Kaluri

Soft text promotion and planning has become one of the key factors in attracting consumers' purchase intentions. Soft text promotion includes the use of posters, videos, online live broadcasts and other related methods to achieve consumer purchase intentions. The most important part of community business is to establish a long-term partnership between buyers and sellers through these soft-text promotion methods. This paper is expected to issue 600 copies through questionnaires to see if consumers see the promotion of soft texts into purchase motives. Or the consumer in the purchase process, fancy a sense of identity with a certain brand. We have found that consumers are promoting their activities through soft papers, resulting in direct purchase intentions. The results show that consumers will look at the introduction of soft paper promotion and share information with other consumers. These factors will cause consumers to motivate to purchase intentions.

118-123

Authors: Ashish Jaiswal

Digital India programme of Government of India has promoting and encouraging the usage of digital payments for the various goods and services being availed by the citizens. The Government wants to develop a Digitally Empowered economy through the cashless transactions. As far as government agencies are concerned, mobile based payment is a noteworthy development on various domains, because it is going to increase ease and productivity for both the agencies and citizens themselves. Citizens who are using the Government services are concerned of the privacy of the data and information. Government needs to evaluate the procedure from beginning to end to ensure it meets strict standards and keeps information private. Poor literacy levels are a problem with this technology. The mobile payment services have to be effective in terms of usability, cost, efficiency, interoperability and security for transactions of all categories of citizens. Mobile payments options needs to be available even on low end mobile handsets.

134-139

Authors: Prashant Thote , Gowri. S

The role of school principal is significant in the achievement of school. The key responsibility of school principals are mission, vision, quality policy, academic success, establishing reputation, managing people, process, continuous improvement and making environment hospitable to learning process. In the present study attempt is made to investigate school principal conflict management strategies and its impact on job effectiveness on senior secondary school teachers. In the present study factorial research design is used. Two hypothesis and research question was framed to guide the study. Total 364 senior secondary school teachers participated in the present study. Tool used to collect data, were Senior Secondary School Teachers Job Effectiveness Questionnaire (SSTJEQ) and Principal Conflict Management Strategies (PCMSAQ). Research hypothesis was tested at 0.05 level of significance. Result of the study shows that senior secondary school teachers job effectiveness level is very high. The application of conflict strategies by school principal has positive impact on senior secondary school teachers. Recommendations are made based on the findings.

147-149

Authors: Dr. Nishi Arora , Dr. Nidhi Srivastava

Reviewing upon the present scenario, where every day the mankind fights with a new disease, a new microbe or new climatic challenges, revisiting of the ancient texts is badly needed as per the author’s view. It is observed that pharmaceuticals are losing their efficiency in front of a strong and reluctant group of agents of diseases and discomforts. Hence, a problem-solving technique of applying non-pharmaceutical methods of healthy living in the recent population may prove to be a better alternative. With this, most of the diseases can be prevented. In this paper some of the methods extracted from great ancient medicine of India, i.e. Ayurveda have been discussed. It is concluded in the end that for healthy and happy life discipline and mindfulness about activities of daily living (ADL) and food, sleep and sexual desires are essential.

163-167

Authors: Nagla Hussien Mohamed Khalid , Maha Esmeal Ahmed Esmeal

Background: The prostate may become larger and begin to cause problems as male ages. Ultrasound is a commonly used imaging modality for the assessment of the prostate. Objective: The aim of this study was to identify the normal measurements (volume and diameters) of the prostate gland in Khartoum state Sudan in normal Sudanese. Method: This descriptive study of the study was done in Sudan teaching hospital, from March – to October 2019. 60 patients were randomly selected, their age ranged from 20 to 60 years; patients with symptoms related to prostate pathologies were excluded. Transabdominal ultrasound scanning by3.5 MHz probes was performed. And the Maximum length, width, and depth of the prostate diameters were obtained as well as the prostate volumes. Results: The results of the study revealed that the prostate length, width and thickness Diameters mean values were (4.88) cm, (3.37) cm, and (4.55) cm respectively, the Mean prostate volume obtained from the above parameters was18.65 ml. The study also showed that there was an increase in the prostate volume in relation to an increase in the patient's age and weight. Transabdominal ultrasound is a respectful approach and should be used confident pathologies among Sudanese and for normal measurements.

176-187

Authors: Mrs. Jane Itohan Oviawe

Today’s world is currently knowledge-based due to globalization which brought information and communication technology into being. This paper highlights the concept of Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET), its objectives and training areas. The paper discussed the concept of knowledge-based economy, the pillars of knowledge-based economy, and the characteristics of knowledge-driven economy. The paper also discussed instructional strategies for effective delivery of TVET in knowledge-based economy. The paper affirms that reflective teaching model allows teachers to closely and critically observes all that goes on in the class and enables the teacher to examine his/her work in order to consider alternative ways of ensuring that students learn thereby encouraging joint construction of knowledge. The paper also looked at the characteristics, benefits and limitations of reflective learning. Conclusively, the paper suggested among other that: teachers should constantly question their aims and actions because they need to be clear on what they want to achieve and how they intend to achieve it; the curriculum of TVET should include training on effective communications in an increasingly technical and knowledge-driven environment. It should also include training on willingness to take on responsibility, collaborative work skills, innovation, critical thinking and problem-solving.

212-217

Authors: अजय ढौंडियाल

विज्ञापनदाता का एक ही लक्ष्य होता है कि उसका विज्ञापन जल्द से जल्द और सबसे ज्यादा पाठको और दर्शको तक पहुंचे। साफ है कि वो इसके लिए सबसे ज्यादा रीच रखने वाले और सबसे सस्ते माध्यम को तलाशता है। शायद यही वजह है कि आज के दौर में विज्ञापनदाताओ को पारम्परिक माध्यमो की अपेक्षा डिजिटल माध्यम भा रहा है। समय.समय पर आने वाली रिपोर्ट्स भी बताती हैं कि पारम्परिक माध्यमो की अपेक्षा डिजिटल मिडिया का विज्ञापन बाजार ज्यादा तेजी से बढ़ रहा है और हो सकता है कि आने वाले दिनों में यह विज्ञापन की दुनिया का बेताज बादशाह बन जाए।

228-234

Authors: Adamu Garba

This research work examined the effect of material management on the performance of Benue Brewery Industry, Nigeria using survey research design with a population of 242 respondents and a sample of 151. Data was collected using questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequency, simple percentage and the relationship between the variables of the model was tested using multiple regression analysis. The result of the regression analysis shows that inventory control system and stock valuation have a positive and significant (p<0.05) effect on organizational performance. Lead time was negatively signed but the effect is statistically significant (p<0.05). The researcher concludes that when properly carried out planned material management can bring about efficiency at workplace. The researcher recommends that, management of the Nigerian Brewery should bring an improvement in the lead time as it is will bring about acquiring and delivering the needed materials within the shortest time possible.

243-253

Authors: Conteh, AM. , Kallon, NM. , Jojo, DH. , Sesay, AR. , Bundu, WT

Goats and sheep production which significantly contributes to improving nutritional status, economic growth and socio-cultural practices in the rural settings of Sierra Leone are faced with several challenges. The survey on Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus (PPRV) was carried out to investigate the: current status of small ruminant production, and the presence of antibodies against PPRV. Information was obtained through Focus Group Discussion in the respondents’ local dialects from 150 participants. From the results obtained, 58.7% and 41.7% of the respondents were male and female while 77.3% and 22.7% were married and single respectively. 53.3% of the respondents never illiterate while 46.7% have some basic education. The main reasons for keeping goats and sheep were for traditional, economic, religious and food. Continuous disease outbreaks; high mortality; poor animal healthcare and extension services, lack of credit facility, theft, and poor marketing facility. Pestes des petits Ruminant, mange, Respiratory infection, and diarrhea were the main diseases affecting goats and sheep. A total of 356 serum samples from goats (264) and sheep (92) were collected in both districts and analyzed using the competitive ELISA kit for the detection of antibodies against PPRV. The result revealed an overall prevalence of 62.1% antibodies [goats, 73.1%, (193/264) and sheep, 30.4%, (28/92)]. Young goats (65.9%), and sheep (34.7%) showed the highest seropositivity of PPRV followed by adult males and females. There is a need to improve traditional practices of small ruminant production by designing disease control programs to ensure the full participation of the veterinary, animal husbandry and extension services for a good output.

264-271

Authors: Adamu Garba

This study examined the effect of organizational culture on performance of Benue Brewery in Makurdi. The population of this study is made up of 214 employees of Benue Brewery Limited Makurdi. Using the census approach, the population of 214 was adopted as the sample for the study. The data for the study was collected by the use of structured questionnaire while the hypotheses for the study were tested using regression analysis. The researcher found a positive effect of constructive organizational culture on profitability and market share. The result also shows a positive effect of passive organizational culture on both profitability and market share. Finally, the result also shows a positive effect of aggressive organizational culture on market share. The study concludes that the elements of organizational culture can affect the performance of an organization. It therefore recommended that management should promote constructive and passive organizational culture since these types of organizational culture have the highest influence on organizational performance.

279-284

Authors: Dr. Paras Jain

Career satisfaction is important for happiness of working persons, their family and closely attached persons. A person satisfied with his work provides happiness to others and guide them to follow his career path. If a person is not satisfied with work profile or field, then he needs career transition. Generally, such cases have been found in corporate sector in India. Proper guidance required to take right decision for career transition and work satisfaction. Present study is focused on finding of reasons and resources of career transition in India.

12-17

Authors: Dr. Jorge Elias Daher Nader , Obst. Aldo Guzman Soria , Maikel Leyva Vázquez Phd , Dr. Xavier Chan Gomez , Dr. Marlene Isabel Hernandez Navarro

Fetal distress is an alteration of the fetus maternal exchange with disorder in the metabolism due to complications of high-risk pregnancies that affect the well-being of the fetus, Evaluation by Doppler echography and amniotic fluid index can help us to diagnose fetal distress; the Objective of the research was to analyze the Brain placenta index and amniotic fluid index in high-risk pregnancies as a predictor of low Apgar; We investigated pregnant women who attended the hospital Alfredo G Paulson performing Doppler ultrasounds, the result when evaluating the pathologies of high Risk comparing ALI with Apgar was (p.208) and BPI with Apgar was (p.064) which indicates that there are differences so we came to the conclusion that they do not predict if the fetus at the time of birth would present Apgar bass.

26-31

Authors: Li-Wei Lin , Su-Mei Gan , Yu -Xin Teng

This study focuses on the design of the 5G telemedicine monitoring platform. We use a questionnaire survey to investigate the patient's perception of the system. We found and explored some of the patients in the rural areas, patients with mobility problems to the hospital, to solve their problems and convenience. The results show that the 5G telemedicine monitoring system is established to build the interaction and monitoring benefits for the hospital and patients, and further to achieve its monitoring goals and treatment.

40-47

Authors: Dr. Jorge Elias Dáher Nader , Dr. Manuel Balladares Mazzini , Dr. Marlene Isabel Hernandez Navarro , Dr. Manuel Balladares Salazar , Dra. María Sánchez Vélez , Msc. Alexandra Alvarado Alvarez

The incidence of cardiovascular diseases has reached alarming figures in many regions of the world, including Ecuador. One of the objectives of medical universities is to train professionals capable of transforming the health status of the population from primary health care, in order to achieve the prevention of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors through changes in lifestyle. Objective: To determine the level of knowledge about cardiovascular risk factors in university students of the Faculty of Medical Sciences of the University of Guayaquil of Ecuador. Methods: This is a quantitative, observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study conducted at the Faculty of Medical Sciences of the University of Guayaquil. The population consisted of a total of 183 students and the sample was made up of 125 students. Results: The students of the Obstetrics and Bachelor of Nursing degrees have less knowledge about cardiovascular risk factors than the students of the Medicine, Medical students (86%) and nursing (71%) consider cardiovascular diseases as the main causes of death, while those of obstetrics barely 40%, prioritizing almost to traffic accidents as one of the first causes. Conclusions: The needs to actively incorporate health promotion from university classrooms to incorporate in the mental structure of students and teachers the imperative need to generate individual changes and then generate health in society were identified.

51-58

Authors: Mutaz Minwer Halal Al Harbi

This paper examines the impact of WLB on performance of employees in Jordan hospitals. This study is a quantitative research and made use primary data using a research questionnaire as instrument was administered to a total number of 500 respondents selected from four governments and four privates hospitals namely: Al-Bashir hospital (Government), Al Mafraq Government Hospital (Government), Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital (Government),Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College (Government),Philadelphia hospital (private), Haramain Hospital (Private), Jordan hospital (private) and Fortis Hospital (Private) from Jordan. The result of the study reveals that impact of WLB on performance of employees was significant and joint impact of WLB and motivation significantly influence performance of employees. In conclusion, motivation plays an important role in encouraging employees to perform; a well-motivated employee has a possibility of performing better than an employee that is not well motivated.

69-77

Authors: Jerald C. Moneva , Bandino P. Gatan

This study examined the relationship between emotional intelligence and self- discipline in schools. Emotional Intelligence and Self-discipline are important factors in influencing the students to achieve academically. Emotional Intelligence is the ability to understand, use and manage their own emotion while self-discipline is a practice, a habit, a skills to understand the important factors in life of every individuals. This study is a descriptive correlation that described the two variables, if they had a connection. However, the results were determined if the two variables have a relationship that will affect the students discipline and their emotional intelligence. A students’ questionnaire was constructed to obtain data on the students’ emotional intelligence and self- discipline. Chi-square was used to establish whether differences in emotional intelligence between self-discipline and it will serve as the basis to identify the level 0f both emotional and self-discipline. The purpose of sampling was done targeting to all the senior high school students. With a target of 245 students who are qualified to answer the questionnaire that I was provided. Emotional Intelligence and Self-discipline is a way that make the students to be aware about the factors in achieving their goals that make the students to be an independent individual. It makes as the basis to manage their own emotions. The data collected using questionnaire was cleaned, encoded, analyze and then interpreted for processing of result. The student’s level were compared and analysis made on which discussion was based. The average weighted mean will be used to determine the assessment of the respondents with regards to their personal profile.

83-89

Authors: MGS. Alida Vallejo , MGS. Marjorie Ramirez , MGS. Ingrid Gurumendi , LCDA. Tania Perdomo

Research increases human knowledge and enriches science, generating progress, quality of life, health, innovation, hence the importance of promoting it at all educational levels. Higher education institutions must implement the necessary strategies to improve communication skills, especially to improve the way of writing in order to share with the public the scientific findings that are inherent in the area of health in particular and of all science in general. The objective is to promote research to increase the production of scientific articles, with the socialization of knowledge in the area of health. Several factors influence this process. Scientific writing must complement the strengthening and interest of research, the publication of the results of the studies carried out must be shared with the entire society to benefit it and increase scientific production.

105-110

Authors: Dr. Jorge Elías Daher Nader , Dr. Ada María Hernández , Dr. Andrés Cruz Acosta , Dra. Marlene Hernandez N , Dr. Xavier Chan Gómez

The need to include the world of facts, of science, and the world of values, and in particular ethics in university studies related to scientific research, is not clearly visualized in universities, or at least it has not been suitably evaluated and materialized in facts. This article aims to assess this need, promoting the union between the scientific interest that each individual in their training and the need to achieve an understanding of ethical values. The contribution of bioethics in some Latin American countries and the positive change of this inclusion in the academic curriculum will be analyzed. Although there is more and more information and knowledge at hand, the understanding of the whole is increasingly fragile, manipulative, inaccurate, liar and repetitive. Hence the question about what as individuals we want to build and what kind of professionals we intend to train, from an ethical, legal, psychological, sociological and moral approach, that is why the importance of programmatic development of bioethics training modules. In Ecuador it is necessary that the Institutes of Higher Education adapt, promote, include, democratize greater accessibility to training in principles and values, to forge a culture of respect for life that will influence all human scenarios.

124-130

Authors: Agustinus JP Ana Saga , Heny M.C. Sine , Laurensius Lehar

The agricultural business that is applied to the agroforestry system in Kelimutu National Park causes differences in the quality of organic matter of plants and earthworm populations, which have consequences for soil environmental services. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the earthworm population and the quality of plant organic matter in various agroforestry systems, intensive agriculture, and secondary forests. Sampling of organic matter from plants and earthworms was carried out in January - July 2016 (in the rainy season) in Agroforestry land: Clove (AF - CK), Cocoa (AF - KK), Candlenut (AF - KM), Coffee (AF - KM) ) compared to intensive agricultural land (monoculture vegetable crops) and secondary forests (SPL-HS), with 3 times repetition. Variables observed were in addition to the number of earthworms found and biomass worms (monolith sampling), also observed the quality of plant organic matter (C (Walkley and black), N (Kjeldahl), Lignin, and Polyphenol (Goering and Van Soest)) (Quadrants). The survey results show that the population of earthworms in SPL-AF is as low as the population in SPL-HS, an average of 3 m-2, while in the SPL-PI the average is only 0.24 m-2. Earthworm biomass in AF is about 69% smaller than worms found in SPL-HS; average earthworm biomass in SPL-AF 15 gm-2 while in SPL-HS an average of 47 gm-2; and the smallest worm biomass found in SPL-PI averaging around 2.3 gm-2. The average quality of organic matter of C-org plants in all SSTs was 38% to 50%, the highest C-org content of AF-CK, AF-KP and SPL-HS were significantly different (p <0.05) with C levels that were others (39% on average). The N and lignin levels of all plant organic matter are the same (P> 0.05), the average is 1.36% and 41.13%, respectively. The C / N ratio in AF - CK and HS is the same at an average of 52.78% or 58 times higher than AF - KK, AF - KM, and AF - KP, the average is 31.11% The polyphenolic levels of different plant organic matter significant (p <0.05) between SPL. The highest levels of polyphenols were on average 17.5% found in plant organic matter AF - CK and SPL - HS, while plant organic matter in other fields averaged 3.4%. Plant organic matter with polyphenol content> 2% will slow decay.

138-149

Authors: Dr. Jerald C. Moneva , Dr. Rey G. Miralles , James Z. Rosell

Problem solving attitude is one of the most important aspect of the students in handling problems that they encountered. Meanwhile, critical thinking ability is also an important skill of the students in dealing and analyzing the problems and to it appropriately. The study used descriptive correlation design to determine the relationship between problem solving attitude and critical thinking ability of the students. The study has 240 respondents from the different strands (ABM, HUMSS, GAS, TVL and STEM) in certain senior high school: Mandaue City, Cebu, Philippines. The tool used in this study in getting the information and data collection is rating scale questionnaire. All the data are analyzed using weighted mean and chi-square to show the result. The result shows that the problem solving attitude is significantly associated to the critical thinking ability of the students. Students who have high level of problem solving attitude will become successful ones someday, because they don’t get affected in their problems instead, they solved it right away with their critical thinking. Students' critical thinking ability is very useful in solving and analyzing their problems.

165-175

Authors: Nadia Mahmoud Ali Abuzied , Kamil M Ali

Background - Psychosomatic health of adolescent girls at crossroads of childhood and mature adulthood, may lead to various health problems in future. To measure the prevalence and identify factors associated with psychiatric morbidity & psychosomatic symptoms among adolescent secondary school girls in Khartoum. Methods - This ‘Study’ was conducted, in three secondary schools of Khartoum North. The Simple Random Sampling Technique was applied to select three schools from the spot map of Khartoum North for this study, and 491 girl students in the adolescent age group were selected from the completed updated list of students from the enrollment registers in these schools. Results - according to the cut-off point (≥ 24 in the G.H.Q -28) findings showed that the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity (severe depression and anxiety) was 60.89% among the adolescent secondary school girls while the psychosomatic disorder was 34.62%. The psychosomatic disorder was found to be significant (P<0.05) with the following three factors: a) late (18-19 yrs.) adolescent age, (61.30%), chi- square= 18.611, df=1, O.R=0.435617 ,CI95%=(0.276629, 0.685981) ; b) physicals abuse (39%) chi- square= 22.34, df =1, O.R=0.281,CI95%=(0.172871, 0.458281) and c) verbal abuse (72%) chi- square= 21.86, df=1, O.R=0.433,CI95%=(0.27331, 0.688). A borderline significant was seen with the family moderate (40%) and low income (40%), chi- square= 5.09, df=2, O.R=(0.839, 0.799),CI95%=((0.508247, 0.503899),( 1.755645 , 1.426668)). However, no significance was there in relation to marital status (married 83.5%), chi- square= 2.324,df=1, O.R=1.06,CI95%=(0.586947,2.197218),mothereducation(elementary61.76%)chisquare=1.692,df =2,O.R=(1,0.951),CI95%=((0.385528,0.554214),(2.674766, 1.626457)) and further education (high level 73 %) chi- square= 3.17, df=2, O.R=(1.282, 1.024),CI95%=((0.354603, 0.55087,)( 4.49567, 1.903074)). Conclusion - Despite the fact that there is no significant (P>0.05) relation between the fathers' level of education and the occurrence of psychosomatic however, the odds ratio of disease is 28% higher among the girls whose fathers were illiterate in comparison to the girls whose fathers were of high level of education. among adolescent school girls.

189-202

Authors: Ranjan Basu

Undivided Bengal in India was struck by series of famines during the pre-colonial and colonial periods. In post partition era though there is no record of famine, starvation and malnutrition are not unknown in West Bengal among the people lying below the poverty line. Lacunae in the public distribution system might be one major hurdle. Implementation of several welfare programs and National Food Security Act, 2013 seems to be conducive to control the menace of starvation. But the concept of food security has been deduced to food grain security only without any provision of protein, minerals and vitamins, the essential ingredients of nutrition. Nutrition of mothers, children and senior citizens along with male bias of nutrition—all are in question now. Throughout India while farmers are living in debt from hand to mouth, agriculture is no more a lucrative occupation. Several measures have been introduced to combat such a disastrous situation viz. efficient storage and marketing system, loan waiver, bank transfer of grant-in-aid, minimum support price and efficient public distribution system, apart from targeted nutrition schemes. But no one can be considered as effective action so far to break the ice.

213-220

Authors: Anagonou L , Houinou Ebo B , Adeossi F , Klikpo E , Salifou S , Gbetogbe K , Gansou Gm , Fiossi Kpadonou E

The developmental path of the minor may be marked by particular situations such as conflicts with the law, various crimes. The situations, contexts and processes that lead to crime are multiple. Thus, the aim of our research was to study the characteristics of minors judged for crime, seen in a judicial space. This was a retrospective, cross-sectional, descriptive study carried out at the Cotonou First Instance Court. Data were collected from the judicial files of minors tried for crime by the juvenile court ruling on criminal matters from 1 January 2011 to 31 December 2015; 34 files were taken into account. The respondents were all adolescents aged between 10 and 18 years. The majority of them were tried for homicide (61.7%) and rape (32.4%). For 35.3% of the minors tried for crime, the relationship with opposite sex parent had poor quality. These minors received a firm prison sentence (88.2%), and 11.8% of them were placed in a foster centre without receiving a prison sentence. Crimes committed by minors calls into question our ability to supervise and provide a safe and appropriate framework for the psychological construction of children and adolescents in our society. Measures should be taken in terms of prevention at various levels to reduce the risk of children developing criminal behaviour

237-342

Authors: Bernice Rizki Novera , M. Kanedi , Nuning Nurcahyani , Sutyarso

Motivation/Background: Rat is cosmopolitan animal which means they can live in all type of places worldwide, including highlands, lowlands, rice fields, forests, and settlements. A high rat population can have an impact on losses in various fields of human life. The Liwa Botanical Garden is one of the areas developed for tourism so the presence of rats is important to note. Method: This study aims to determine the success rate of rat catching in Liwa Botanical Garden by different type of trapping location, namely bamboo groves, houses, river banks, and gardens. The traps were set every day for 10 days. The observations included the number of individual, the type of rat, sex and size of the trapped mice. All the data obtained were analyzed descriptively. Results: The live trapping resulted in 11 individuals of small mammals belongs to three species namely Rattus exultant, Hylomys suillus and Suncus murinus. Among the four trapping location, bamboo groves is the place that catches the most, and the females were trapped more than the males.

250-265

Authors: Dr. Ganesh Dipak Mali , Dr. Shivprasad Mehtre

The Ayurvedic management of diseases consists of Shodhana and Shamana treatments. Shodhana Chikitsa is performed mainly by employing Panchakarma, it includes, Vamana, Virechana, Asthapana Basti, Anuvasana Basti and Nasyakarma. Virechana is considered as the best treatment for morbid and increased Pitta Dosha. This paper serves as a collection of references pertaining to Virechana Karma during ancient period of Ayurveda Samhitas, along with some information on the method of Virechana Karma explained in ancient textbooks of Ayurveda Samhitas.

277-286

Authors: Moneva Jerald , Villegas Honey Me

Friendship is extremely important in people’s lives. On the other hand, self-confidence is some of the important variable for the students. Those who have high level of self-confidence tend to have positive outlook on his capacities. This study aims to assess the relationship between the number of friends in school and the level of self-confidence of the students in Jagobiao National High School-Senior High Department. The researcher used a descriptive quantitative design that seeks descriptive information on the relationship between the students’ number of friends and their level of self-confidence and also; there are two hundred forty-three respondents. The instrument used for the data collection was a quantitative survey using Likert scale to gather the needed data the researcher adopted a questionnaire from Rosenberg (1965). The data was analyzed through use of weighted mean and chi-square for determining the significant association between the number of friends in school and the level of self-confidence of the students. The findings of the study showed that there was no significant association between the number of friends in school and the level of self-confidence of the students. Generally, having a low or high number of friends does not seem to affect the student's self-confidence.

294-304

Authors: Ugwu Ifeanyichukwu 1 , Dr. Oparaji Israel Chijiuka 2 , Mrs Chime Gladys O.

The persistent decline in the quality of education in Nigeria in general and in Anambra state in particular gives serious cause for concern. Something has to be done about it and urgently too. This prompted the study to analyze principals’ management activities for sustainable quality assurance in secondary schools in Anambra state. Two research questions guided the study and two hypotheses were tested. Descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. The population of the study comprised all the 257 public secondary school principals in Anambra State. No sampling was done due to the relatively small size of the population of the study. A 21-item questionnaire titled ‘‘Analysis of Principals’ Management Activities for Sustainable Quality Assurance Questionnaire (APMASQAQ)’’ was the instrument for data collection. The instrument was subjected to face validation by three experts from Faculty of Education, NnamdiAzikiwe University. Cronbach alpha method was used to ascertain the reliability of the instrument. The overall coefficient of 0.84 was obtained. Mean was used to answer the research questions, while Z-test was used to test the null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The findings of the study, among others revealed that principals’ students’ academic performance monitoring activities for sustainable quality assurance in secondary schools in Anambra state was low. It also revealed that there was no significant difference in the mean ratings of male and female principals on the extent of their engagement in management activities for sustainable quality assurance in secondary schools in Anambra State. Based on the findings it was recommended among others that principals should encourage the teachers to take the continuous assessment exercise very serious and also make provisions for learners with special learning needs to bring about all inclusive learning.

316-326

Authors: Ambar Sulianti , Jamilah Laela Apriyani , Dadang Sahroni , Wida Adila , Yiyin Karlina , Hasya Fadhila Riyadhi

Motivation/Background: The formation of a lesbian mindset does not happen immediately. This study aims to explore the process of family roles experienced by research subjects who have a lesbian sexual orientation even though it is not accordance with their religion. Method: The research method used was a qualitative research of phenomenology in two subjects who had lived lesbian sexual orientation for more than 2 years with different backgrounds. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis was conducted to analyze the role of the family as a model, how the subject perceives the stimulus, direct or indirect environmental contributions, and how close family experiences form a lesbian mindset about the subject. Results: The results of this study indicate the subject "I" had a model of his father's behavior and reinforces the general perception of his mother that men had bad behavior. The social Environment made the subject felt ostracized and entered the domain of the lesbian community who can accept the subject with the circumstances as she was without much demand. A female friend in this environment became modes and informants experienced being lesbian. Meanwhile, "R" was growing psychologically with a style of parenting that is too spoiled by her mother and got a model and informants experienced from her older sister. Conclusions: Both subjects get different experiences in the process of forming a lesbian mindset. From a neurocognitive social perspective, the formation of a lesbian mindset is very complex. Neurocognitive response of the experience of getting too many rough touches or too long getting a hug of comfort, both can trigger perceptions that supported by the environment will form a lesbian mindset.

336-349

Authors: Elizabeth Borseti , Paul D. Berger

In this paper, we examine the dataset representing bus breakdowns and delays in the New York public school system. We analyze several measures involving the companies involved in delays, the season/date of the delays, the causes of the delays and other measures. We have several conclusions and recommendations.

11-15

Authors: Dr. Pramod Kumar

Lyophilization, is an important development for medicament formulation because of its ability to safely dry heat-sensitive vaccines, antibiotics, and protein-based formulations. The lyophilization process results in long shelf lives powder formulation which can be reconstituted at the point of use. As Injectable biopharmaceuticals become a more prominent part of the overall drug market the value of lyophilized product is has increased significantly. In 1998, lyophilized pharmaceuticals accounted for 11.9% of all new Injectable or infusible drugs, but, by 2015, they made up half of all such new drug introductions (Ratti et al 2001, Bubnovich et al 2012).

30-38

Authors: Ousseina Saidou , Ousseini Mahaman M. Mouctari , Ridouane Ibrahim Barhiré , Iro Dan Guimbo

This study was conducted on the experimental site of the Faculty of Agriculture of Abdou Moumouni University of Niamey. Objective of the work is to study the culture of species Cajanus cajan while determining its applicability to the Sahel goat. Germination test was carried out in petri dishes. Experimental set-up consists of 360 pockets distributed in three blocks each containing four plots of which three plots received urea, three received the NPK, three others received the manure and in the end three were kept as controls. Time between the establishment of grain culture in petri dishes and first appearance of radicle is one day and the staggering of germination is four days. The emergence of seedlings was observed 7 days after sowing in pockets. The seeds have a germination rate of 67.14%. At the first harvest, biomass production is 78.84; 89.42 and 79.87kg / ha respectively for plants treated with urea, NPK 15-15-15 and for plants treated with manure. Production of control plants is 50.45 kg / ha. Species Cajanus cajan has a higher appetence rate (80%) compared to species Leuceuna lecocephala and Gliricidia sepium which have respectively 66.66 and 46.66%

47-51

Authors: Dr. Arvind Mathur , Dr. Mohit Kackar , Dr. Indu Thanvi , Dr. Harish Agarwal

Severe and complicated malaria is defined by the World Health Organization Malaria Action Programme in June 19851 as the presence of one or more of the following conditions in a slide confirmed diagnosed case of malaria cerebral malaria, severe anemia, renal failure, pulmonary edema or adult respiratory distress syndrome, hypoglycemia, circulatory collapse or shock, spontaneous bleeding, repeated generalized convulsions, acidemia or acidosis, macroscopic hemoglobinuria, impairment of consciousness less marked than unarousable coma,, hyperparasitemia, jaundice, hyperpyrexia, and the presence of complicating or associated infections. However, severe anemia and thrombocytopenia that causes bleeding diatesis is produced by hemolysis, reduced cell deformity of parasitized and non-parasitized erythrocytes, increased splenic clearance, reduction of platelet survival, decreased platelet production, and increased splenic uptake of platelets. Though these changes can be produced by P. vivax and P. falciparum infection yet the complicated malaria has commonly been associated with P. falciparum infections.

63-70

Authors: Dr. Okoye Victor O , Okoye Chinasa R

The paper attempts to highlight the importance of entrepreneurship education in the quest for sustainable development and the role of tertiary institutions in promoting sound entrepreneurship education. In Nigeria, just like other developed and developing countries, tertiary institutions, through research and innovation, have been saddled with the responsibility of integrating sustainable development into their teachings and learnings. As societies look for solutions that could lead to sustainable development, entrepreneurship education, being offered in tertiary institutions, is becoming increasingly more appealing. Thus, given their primary role as knowledge producers, tertiary institutions, through research and innovation, can serve as powerful means to help create a more sustainable future by engaging in entrepreneurship education. Going forward, this paper also highlights the role of tertiary institutions in this very important subject of sustainable development, the reasons why people choose to be entrepreneurs as well as the importance of entrepreneurship education. The paper concludes by proffering suggestions on the way forward.

82-87

Authors: Fazlina Mustaffa , Nur Adilla Zaini , Komathi Selvarajah

Recently, there is large outbreak of monkeypox virus in Central Africa and this remains as a growing public health threat. The last confirmed case of monkeypox was in 1978 at Nigeria. Monkeypox is now a major threat to global health security, requiring an urgent multidisciplinary approach including virologists, veterinarians, physicians, and public health experts to fast‐track the development of diagnostic assays, vaccines, antivirals, and other control strategies. This aim of this manuscript is to provide information on the current state of knowledge about human monkeypox, with emphasis on epidemiologic characteristics, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.

92-101

Authors: Dwipen Baro

Bodo literature is a developing literature after the Assamese literature in Assam. Monoranjan Lahary is a popular and prominent writer. In the mentioned topic, it will be criticized concerning some economic earning methods and systems inherently followed by the Bodos, portrayed by Monoranjan Lahary in his novels. He has used different kind of original habits of the Bodos, which are not alike to the contemporary dwellers of Assam. In his novel, he reflects the genuine technique or habits of the Bodo people to earn the money. He uses concrete idea in his novels having used the genuine picture. The readers can enjoy and earn knowledge so much, as they have required from the novel of Lahary, about the Bodos. The works and the habits always influenced to other communities to follow the same. This paper attempts to show the nature of living of the Bodos, that the Bodos do physical hard labor, where there was no impact of modernism. In the discussion, the dialogues and the quotations are given in the same language i.e. Bodo, as used in the novels by the novelist Monoranjan Lahary.

110-117

Authors: Merga Feyera Wekjira

The paper examined use of personal names and naming practices among Kuttaye Oromo in Ethiopia. Kuttaye names are not just sheer tags, but it provides more approaching into important social, cultural and political events at the time of birth. Furthermore, the paper also discussed the significance attached to Kuttaye personal names. The study is purely qualitative, and a descriptive analysis was made. Purposive sampling was used, and interview and focus group discussion were employed as data collecting instruments.

123-137

Authors: Yerosan Abera Hirpessa , Dr. Ing. Dereje Hailu

A railway drainage system gives vital role for effective, efficient operation of rail track. This study worked on an assessment of railway drainage system problem along the Addis Ababa- Mieso railway line, specifically on Akaki rives crossing. It was done to check adequacy of hydraulic structure provided on Akaki River crossing by undertaking hydrologic and hydraulic analysis. Hydrologic modeling of the Akaki catchment area was developed by HEC-GeoHMS program with the help of Arc-GIS and hydrologic analysis was computed by HEC-HMS program. The catchment land use, soil type, rainfall data, Akaki river stream flow data, etc were used to develop hydrological model. SCS unit hydrograph and flood frequency analysis methods were used to estimate instantaneous peak design discharge for 50 and 100 year return period. Model input parameters were calibrated and verified with observed flow data of the river at Akaki gauging station. Hydraulic models were developed by HEC-RAS step-backwater to determine water-surface profiles for the bridge. Cross-sectional elevation data, hydraulic-structure geometries, roughness coefficients along with peak-discharge esti¬mated were used as input for the model. Finally, adequacy of the bridge was evaluated where the bridge was hydraulically efficient over its design period

148-161

Authors: Muntholib , Martinis Yamin , Sugeng Kurniawan

This study aims to determine the relationship between Leadership Style, Emotional Intelligence and Decision Making with Accountability the Head of the State Madrasah Aliyah in Jambi Province. The usefulness of this research is to enrich the scientific paradigm in the field of Islamic Education Management, especially the study of organizational behavior. This research is a quantitative research with survey method. The population of this study were State Madrasah Aliyah (MAN) in Jambi Province with a total sample of 155 teachers taken using the area sampling technique. The research instrument was a questionnaire with a Likert scale. The hypothesis in this study are: 1) there is a relationship between leadership style and accountability of the head of MAN; 2) there is a relationship between emotional intelligence and accountability of the head of MAN; 3) there is a relationship between decision making and accountability of the head of MAN; 4) there is a relationship between leadership style, emotional intelligence, and simultaneous decision making with the accountability of the head of MAN. Hypothesis testing using correlation analysis begins with an analysis of the test requirements which include normality test, homogeneity test, and linearity regression test at a significant level α = 0.05. The results of the analysis show that: 1) the direct relationship between leadership style and accountability of the head of the State Madrasah Aliyah with a correlation coefficient of 0.698. 2) the direct relationship between emotional intelligence and accountability of heads of State Islamic Senior High Schools with a correlation coefficient of 0.610. 3) direct relationship between decision making and accountability of the head of the State Islamic Senior High School with a correlation coefficient of 0.494. 4) simultaneous direct relationship between leadership style, emotional intelligence and decision making with accountability of the head of the State Madrasah Aliyah with a calculated Fvalue of 51.269 and Ftable of 2.68 with a correlation coefficient of 0.748. The conclusion of this study is leadership style, emotional intelligence and decision making related to the accountability of the head of the State Madrasah Aliyah. The implication is that the better the leadership style, emotional intelligence, and decision-making made by the headmaster, the better the accountability.

172-182

Authors: Jatmiko Indriyanto , Imam Bukhori , Eko Budihartono

Researchers began to research UKM, Tegal City Cooperative Service and region in Tegal City, researchers found in UKM, a location that has businesses in various places in the village, especially regarding UKM. However, many of these UKM locations are unknown to the public. One problem is the lack of data regarding the address and location of UKM. So now it is very much needed an android application using GIS and LBS that will facilitate and help the people of Tegal to be able to obtain data and find out more about UKM in the city of Tegal. Google Maps is an application on Android smartphones and computers that can be accessed via the internet so that Google Maps can display on Android. The purpose of this study is to facilitate the Tegal community to find information on locations, products, and UKM owners, based on a survey by researchers. The implementation of the UKM location mapping system in the city of Tegal will certainly make it easier for the people of Tegal to find data about the addresses and products of UKM in the city of Tegal. Because every data needed becomes more accurate, fast and efficient.

200-212

Authors: Abraham A. Embi Bs MBA

The human blood coagulation cascade had been extensively researched from a biochemistry and molecular perspective. The purpose of this manuscript is to introduce a biophysical phenomenon detected via optical microscopy at the end of the human blood coagulation cascade. This could be described as a sudden energy event in the form of light radiation observed once blood tissue movement stops being attracted to metal iron filings or carbon based graphite particles used as sentinels. Upon close examination of video recordings, the sudden movements of iron particles images coincided with light at the end of the coagulation cascade. A literature search confirmed that both metal filings and graphite particles to possess excellent electrical conductivity. A biophysical light radiation event discharge is hypothesized as result of a burst in the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin signaling the end of a coagulation cycle; perhaps combined with a piezoelectric effect induced by a sudden clumping of RBCs, or from the optical absorption or water. Method: Metal iron filings or graphite particles were randomly sprinkled on fresh TIBS preparations. The sample was then readily focused and selected particles chosen for video analysis. Equipment used was a video microscope Celestron Model # 44348, glass slides and author’s blood drops. The data was digitally transferred and stored in an Apple computer photo application for further review. Results: When metal iron filings or graphite particles were sprinkled on freshly prepared TIBS slides, video analysis show light radiation emitted at the end of the blood coagulation cascade. Discussion: Since the light radiation emission occurred at the end of the blood coagulation cycle, it is theorized that blood tissue compression could induce piezoelectricity coinciding with energy released by a fibrin burst, or by the optical absorption of water

218-229

Authors: E. E. Ali

A new operator n n n n f z z a z n n ( ) 4 ( ) ( ( 1) ) , 2 ( 1) 1 ( )               W    is introduced for functions of the form   n n n f z  z   a z  2 which are analytic in the open unit disk U  z C: z 1 . We introduce several inclusion properties of the new k-uniformly classes US ;k;   , UC;k; , UK;k; ,  and UK ;k; ,  of analytic functions defined by using the Wright function with the operator  W, and the main object of this paper is to investigate various inclusion relationships for these classes. In addition, we proved that a special property is preserved by some integral operators

246-251

Authors: Nirmal Iyengar , Dr. Madhu Iyengar , Dr. Shailesh Tripathi , Dr. Pushpkant Shakdwipee

Motivation/Background: The review of extant literature suggests that ERP Implementation in general and ERP post implementation scenario in particular, in higher education in Indian context appear to have been a less explored area. The review also shows that although two factors, namely, user’s understanding of ERP concepts and their productivity, appear to be important to the success of ERP during post implementation stage, there is a very little or no evidence of studies in this area. Motivated by the observation, this paper reports an empirical study on the association between the two factors, in ERP post-implementation stage, in higher education institutions, especially, in an Indian context. Method: The study employed a descriptive design to examine the research problem. A search of multiple journals was carried out using key words identified in an initial review of literature. Successive rounds of review of abstract of articles led to identification of a few studies, which were examined in details to identify the gaps. Subsequently, using a purposive sampling and a survey of target respondents, the primary data was collected and analysed. The hypothesis to address research problem were analysed and interpreted using chi square test of independence. Results: The most important finding of the study was lack of research focusing on relationship between two important factors impacting ERP post-implementation stage, in the chosen setting. The investigation showed that the two factors under study, were dependent on each other. Conclusion: The outcome of the analysis, besides contributing to the body of knowledge in the gap area, would also be of great use for going in depth on the influence of these factors during the ERP post-implementation stage, in higher education institutions, especially in the Indian context.

259-267

Authors: Agus Jamaludin

This study was obtained from the balance sheet and income statement of CV Bata Cikarang Indonesia in 2018, then the title is: Break Event Point Analysis on CV Bata Cikarang Indonesia. The goal is to find out the performance of CV Bata Cikarang seen from the company's Break Event Point. The research method is Field Research by visiting research objects and conducting interviews, and Library Research by exposing existing data in the form of Balance Sheet and Profit and Loss reports, and sales of data in the form of quantitative data and in the form of descriptive. Break Event Point analysis is performed to determine the company's financial performance, can also be used as a reference in making decisions that affect the company's future. As for the results in 2017 the BEP unit is 1,055,194 and the rupiah BEP is IDR 422,077,922 and 2018 the BEP unit = 1,027,397.26 and the IDR BEP is IDR 462,392,108.

281-287

Authors: Sékangué Obili G , Ossibi Ibara BR , Potokoué Mpia NSB , Adoua Doukaga T , Itoua C

Introduction: Toxoplasmosis is a disease caused by an obligate intracellular coccidia Toxoplasma gondii, which is transmitted by cats. In pregnant women, it is a concern because of the severe complications to the foetus. The objective of this study is to determine the toxoplasma serologic profile in pregnant women at the Brazzaville University Centre Hospital (CHUB). Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study from September 2015 to March 2016 (6 months) which includes sera from pregnant women received at the Parasitology Mycology laboratory of the CHUB for Toxoplasma serology. Immunoglobulins G and M searches were done by immuno-analysis (Biomerieux, Mini-Vidas technology). The data was analysed by the IBM SPSS version 20 software. The comparisons of proportion is done by the khi 2 test. The level of significance of statistical data were fixed at 5%. Results: The mean age of pregnant women included in our study was 27, 8+/- 6,84 with the extremes ages of 15 and 44 years. Toxoplasma seroprevalence in this study is 47,2% (68/144). The types of immunoglobulins (Ig) retrieved were IgG alone in 45,1% of cases (65/144), IgG associated to IgM in 2,8% of cases (4/144). Serological profiles were: no immunity (52,1%) immunised (41%), recent infection (1,4%) active infection (2,8%) equivocal result (2,8%). Conclusion: Toxoplasmosis is a zoonosis which represents a real public health issue in our environment, even when the level of immunised pregnant women seems high

292-298

Authors: डॉ. सत्येन्द्र कुमार मिश्र

पाषुपत-सम्प्रदाय की उत्पत्ति छठीं-पाॅचवीं शताब्दी ई. पू. में हुई होगी। परन्तु इससे यह अभिप्राय नही ं निकालना चाहिए कि पाषुपत सम्प्रदाय का उद्भव छठवीं-पाॅचवी शताब्दी ई. पू. कि कोई आकस्मिक घटना मात्र है, क्योंकि किसी भी धार्मिक संस्था अथवा विचारधारा का उद्भव विभिन्न प्रवृत्तियों और परम्पराओं और प्रवृत्तियों और परम्पराओं के पारस्परिक आदान-प्रदान एवं संघात के फलस्वरूप होता है, जो कि शताब्दियों से उस मत विषेष में होती रहती है। भारतीय धर्मसाधना और प्रवृत्तियों को निरन्तर सम्मिश्रण होता रहा है। अतः हम किसी भी धार्मिक संस्था अथवा सिद्धान्त को सर्वथा एकेान्मुख नही मान सकते है। पाषुपत सम्प्रदाय के उद्भव का इतिहास अत्यधिक रोचक है, क्या ेंकि इसमें भारत की आर्य और अनार्य, वैदिक और अवैदिक, सभ्य और असभ्य, विकसित और अविकसित सभी परम्पराओं के तत्वों का समावेष हुआ है। पाषुपत मत शैव धार्मिक व्यवस्था का प्रथम साम्प्रदायिक उपज है, अतः शैव धर्म की उत्पत्ति की पृष्ठभूमि में ही पाश ुपत सम्प्रदाय के निर्मा णत्मक तत्वा ें का विष्लेषण उचित प्रतीत हा ेता है। भारत की सन्दर्भ में यह धारणा और भी अधिक समीचीन लगती है क्या ेंकि यहीं की धार्मिक विचारधारा उदार एवं सविष्णु आधारों पर विकसित हुई थी और इस उदारवादी प्रवृत्ति के कारण सभी धर्मो एवं विचारधाराओं में विभिन्न परम्पराओं और तत्वों को सम्मिश्रण हुआ।

307-331

Authors: Arcângelo Loss , a, Rafael da Rosa Couto , Gustavo Brunetto , a, Milton da Veiga , Moreno Toselli , Elena Baldi

Animal manure (AM), such as swine, cattle, sheep, horse, as well as other organic waste materials from recycling agri-food or other processes may be used as nutrient source for horticultural annual and perennial crops, increasing nutrient cycling and reducing costs related to acquisition of industrial fertilizers. Additionally, over the years it is expected to modify chemical, physical, and biological soil attributes such as increasing the nutrient content in the soil, which can affect crop productivity, change the food composition, fruit and vegetable storage aptitudes, and impact on the environment. The present review addresses the effect of AM applications on the soil-plant interface, emphasizing the following aspects: (a) changes in chemical, physical and biological attributes in soils with a history of AM applications, (b) effect of application of AM on annual plant productivity and (c) AM as fertilizer: productivity and food composition of horticultural crops. Successive applications of AM in soils tend to increase the chemical and physical attributes, and, increased production of grain crops. Effect of AM fertilizations on quality and nutritional value of fruits is still uncertain; it depends on several factors, including: 1) characteristics of organic matter, 2) pedoclimatic conditions, 3) time of application and 4) plant species.

342-350

Authors: Yeti Sumiati , Tatty A. Ramli , Faiz Mufidi , Jejen Hendar , Hilmi Ayu , M. Dwivo Rahayu , Rais M. Shidiq

Skin crackers are foods whose raw materials come from animals. As one of the leading culinary products in Garut Regency, the production of Sukaregang skin crackers is the result of people's economic activities that contribute to improving economic prosperity. Law No. 33 of 2014 concerning Halal Product Guarantee will be effective in 2019, where halal products are required to have a halal certificate, before including the halal label on the packaging. The purpose of this article is to analyze the acquisition of processed animal skin certificates in Garut Regency from the perspective of the Minister of Agriculture's regulation. The conclusion of this article is that Halal products must meet the halal and thayyib requirements. Products whose raw materials come from processed animals must come from Halal Certified Abattoirs, raw materials for Sukaregang skin crackers originating from leather supplied from Abattoirs that have no evidence that these raw materials are sourced from halal certified abattoirs, so 2019 targets are difficult to meet and will affect the people's economy. In Indonesia, there are still few Slaughterhouses that have been halal certified, as well as in Garut Regency there are no Halal Slaughterhouses that are certified.

382-385

Authors: Dr. Pramod Kumar

Big data in the life sciences and healthcare sectors is an increasing trend. It is the processing and displaying of huge volumes and varieties of data at a rapid speed. There is a vast amount of data in the healthcare and Pharmaceutical industries, including lab data, insurance data, patient records, research data, and even social media data (1, 2). Pharmaceutical companies have vast amounts of compounds that could be the perfect solution to combat specific diseases, but they have no way to identify them as such. The development and production of drugs can cost pharmaceutical companies up to $2.6 billion (£1.8bn) and take 12 to 14 years to complete (1). Artificial Intelligence (AI) plays a crucial role in enabling the industry to achieve these objectives, be it analytics in personalized medicine, cloud computing in collaboration, or wearable devices in remote and self-health monitoring. Thus, the main short/medium-term implication AI has for the pharmaceutical industry is the reduced time it takes to develop drugs and thus the associated costs, enhancing return on investment and could even mean a reduction in cost for end users. As the pharmaceutical industry becomes increasingly more connected, information and communication technologies will fundamentally reshape both the consumption and delivery of medications (1, 2,3).

395-401

Authors: W. Y. Khdair , S. A. Salman , Z. T. Khdair

In this paper was investigation the electrical properties of the epoxy "Hybrid Composites" as a function of a frequency. The composites constituents were epoxy using a matrix with reinforcement ratio (1:3) and volume fractions as (25% wt). The "Hybrid Composite" samples were prepared by addition alumina nanoparticles on the epoxy composites reinforced by carbon fibers with different volume fractions (0.1,0.3,0.5,0.7)w% by "Hand Lay-Up Molding". The experiments were performed to measure the electrical properties "Dielectric Constant, Dissipation Factor and Electrical Conductivity" in frequency range (10Hz-1MHz). The study showed that the reinforcement process resulted in an increase in the dielectric constant values of all manufactured models, and the addition of alumina nanoparticles leads to a decrease in the values of both the dielectric constant and the dielectric loss factor with increasing frequency and for all samples and for all values listed. Alternating electrical conductivity values increase significantly with increasing frequency and for all samples when alumina nanoparticles are added.

415-426

Authors: J. R. Spínola , A. C. L. da Silva , A. P. Torres , C. A. Frota , H. O. Frota

In this work, a model for the dynamical four-point bending test is present, with particular emphasis on application to an asphalt concrete (AC) composite, a viscoelastic material, based on the EulerBernoulli theory, which approaches an equation where the Young modulus E can be substituted by the operator (E + γ∂/∂t), where γ is an internal damping parameter associated to the binder viscoelasticity and t is the time. As course aggregate in the composition of the AC mixture, the sintered aggregate of calcined clay was used, interesting to be employed as an alternative to the lack of natural course aggregate in some regions of the planet, where the presence of sedimentary rocks prevails. The results indicated that γ decreases with the temperature and loading frequency and the apparent noise in the stiffness versus strain curve is resulted from the natural vibration mode of the beam.

9-16

Authors: Simona Trifu , Irina Boeru , Ilinca Vlaicu , Amelia Damiana Trifu , Ana Miruna Drăgoi

Motivation/Background: The dissociative identity disorder implies as central defense the dissociation, that is being more recently studied. With the identification of the importance of this mechanism of functioning, the modern psychiatrists show the interest of this area, not only about the spectrum of the discharge, as was the case in Freud's time. Dissociative identity disorder involves a patient who can function in any registry, be it neurotic, psychotic or disharmonic. Method: Study of specialized literature, psychodynamic and psychoanalytic psychiatric perspective, psychiatric evaluation, evaluation of intrapsychic dynamics, transfer and countertransference analysis, hypnosis option study. Results: Psychically, patients function within a DID, with particularities such as the construction of illogisms, reversing the cause with the effect, sliding the speech towards the secondary meanings of the words, sliding easily from general to particular and from abstract to concrete. From the dissociative dimension we find the impersonal speech or the use of several pronouns with reference to the self and the denial of reality as a handy way to deal with the trauma, which we suppose from the register of abuse. Conclusions: We find several personalities with symbolic meanings, with a deficit of mentalization, sometimes with an emphatic laugh and an attitude of superiority.

29-33

Authors: Dr. Edna Aurelus

Motivation/Background: Information system has been expanding globally at an unstoppable rate. Different apps are being developed daily in the quest to educate people about health determinants that could guarantee quality lifestyle for all. However, health literacy is an extremely important factor that must be taking into account when providing this health information. Method: Extensive literature review was completed using, Cochrane, Medline, Elsevier and Psych info. Articles were selected based on information that include health literacy and health information technology. Results: The findings report barriers and benefits that exist when using health information technology to educate people on healthy lifestyle. Health literacy creates elicit more understanding for consumers. Conclusion: patients who fall into the category of vulnerable population face multiple challenges caused by health disparities and obstacles with health literacy. Implementation health literacy into our daily practice can be impactful to positive patients’ health outcomes.

39-50

Authors: Taghreed Abdull-jabbar Younis , Adel Kamel Shbeeb

In the current research, multiple mixing ratios of gamma -transitions of the energy levels 60

62-68

Authors: Mera Usman Muhammed , Mayaki Abubakar Musa , Gambo Abdulrahman Abdullahi

This study was carried out to compare the digital rectal (DR) thermometer with non-contact infrared thermometer (IRT) measurements at two locations on the face in some large animal species. Two hundred and forty (240) animals comprising of equal numbers of three species (cattle, camel and horses) of varying age and either sex was used. The IR temperature was taken from two sites [frontal (FIRT) and temporal (TIRT) region] on the animal face. The mean IR temperatures (FIRT and TIRT) were higher than the RT in all the animal species. The two thermometers correlate poorly in all the animal species. Bland-Altman analysis showed high biases and limits of agreement not acceptable for clinical purposes. In conclusion, IRT seems to offer a quick and easy way to determine the animal temperature but clinically it cannot be used interchangeably with DR thermometer at the moment for body temperature measurement in these animal species.

78-87

Authors: Dinku Negash , Bereket Mengeste

The study was intended to assess honey production system, constraints and opportunities in selected kebeles of Hawassa city administration, sidama zone in 2018/19. Production limitation has resulted with a significant complain among the beekeepers and all concerned bodies regarding the possible threat for decreasing honey production in the area. Cross-sectional types of studies were used to collect data. 20 beekeepers were selected from each kebeles using purposive sampling method to conduct formal survey with semi-structured questionnaire making a total of 100 interviewed bee keepers. The main purpose of keeping honey bees were for both income generation and home consumption. The main sources of the foundation colony were catching swarm (80%) and gift from parents (20%). Most (40%) of the beekeepers in the study area have owned only traditional hives and all the three types of hive owned (32%). Beekeepers in the study area prevent the incidence of swarming by return back to the colony (56%), removal of queen cell (16%) and cutting of combs (28%). The average amount of honey harvested per hive per year from traditional hive, transitional and frame hive was 5.6±1.49kg, 11.9±3.15kg and 10.8±2.91kg, respectively. There was (p<0.05) no variations in the five representing kebeles in honey yield/hive/year in traditional, transitional and frame hives. Beekeepers of the study area sold the honey at the nearby market (92%) and major marketing place (8%). According to the respondents, they mostly sold the honey to consumer (64%) and tej house (28%). The most important constraints of beekeeping in the study kebels were lack of Absconding (1st), Lack of training (2nd), Pests and predators (3rd), Lack of extension services (4th), Agro-chemicals (5th), Lack of cooperative (6th), Swarming (7 th) and Lack of beekeeping equipment (8th) Lack of bee colonies (9th), Lack of good market (10th), Drought (11th) and Shortages of bee forages (12th). In order to address the skill gap on honey production system and post-harvest handling of hive products practical training on bee and bee products management should be given.

104-110

Authors: Muhammad Ishtiaq

The Iliad is an ancient Greek epic poem which portrays the duration of Trojan War along with battle and events between King Agamemnon and the warrior Achilles. In this paper, the honour and glory of ancient Greek civilization has been discussed in context of The Iliad. The definitions of honour and glory has been discussed along with what motivated the ancient warriors to fight for honour and glory. This study has been carried out to find out the importance standards of honour and glory along with the importance of honour and glory in lives of Greek warriors. One of the central ideas of the Iliad is the honour that soldiers earn in combat. For an ancient Greek man, the ability to perform in battle is the single greatest source of worthiness. The glory earned by soldiers on the battlefield enabled them to live on in legend, becoming heroes who would be remembered long after death. This essence of honour and glory has been discussed in this paper. This paper has also emphasized on the heroic honour of the Greek warriors as performance of war was the simplest measurement tool to measure the heroic honour of the warriors.

119-125

Authors: Ana Christina S. L. da Costa , Eduardo Jorge Sant’ Ana Honorato , Sônia Maria Lemosm , Tirza Almeida da Silva , Daniel Cerdeira de Souza , Luziane Vitoriano da Costa

This paper aims to report an experience of a group of psychologists working in the field of Health Psychology. It is the result of an intervention work in a school, located in Manaus, capital of Amazonas State, Brazil. It was an education proposal on the theme Death, aimed at children between 8 and 12 years. Children with delays in school performance were selected and their experience broadened the concept of Health and Psychology, building a more affectionate and skillful relationship in understanding the demands of others outside the established spaces of Health

133-156

Authors: Edire Erko Esho , Prof. Emer Tucay Quezon , Democracy Dila

Road network development in Ethiopia is booming, radiating from Addis Ababa towards NorthSouth directions, and East-West directions, due to the good economic growth of the country. However, there are challenges always facing by the pavement designers, and materials engineers for every road project, specifically the unpaved roads in Goffa Zone. It was because, most parts of the existing unpaved road sections within the study area are heavily damaged, and lack of proper maintenance. The source of good quality of sub-base course materials limited and becoming depleted. It is for this reason that the research study focused on the investigation of the effects of mechanically stabilized graded assorted coarse-grained soils. Disturbed and undisturbed samples from different quarry sites were considered and tested in the laboratory. Laboratory test for each location performed, and the results served as control values of the engineering properties of natural soils. The Disturbed samples tested for Gradation, Atterberg's Liquid Limit Tests, and Compaction, while, the undisturbed sample tested for the CBR strength, using ASTM manual. The results of the assorted materials for the sub-base course was analyzed and compared with the AASHTO and ERA Standard Specifications.

166-174

Authors: Dr.Seifu Lemma , Dr Abeyenh Leza , Gimete Gercha , Alemayeh Radii

Brucellosis is a contagious bacterial disease with worldwide importance and affects a number of animal species and human beings. Although brucellosis in domestic animals has controlled in most developed countries it remains an important public health problem in several parts of the world. But in developing countries brucellosis has both animal and public health importance (Walker, 1999; Radostitset al.,2000; Acha, and Szyfers, 2001; Tsolia et al.,2002).

181-196

Authors: Ashebir Sidelil Sebsibe , Bereket Telemos Dorra , Bude Wako Beressa

This study explores understanding of function concept amongst 310 grade 11 science stream students in one administrative zone of Ethiopia. A test that included tasks given in different representations, about definition, about examples of functions in word description and applications of properties of functions was administered. Lesson observation and interview was also used for triangulation. Results have shown that limited mental image of approach to functions, fragmented conceptions and dependence on ordered pairs, limitation in algebraic manipulation, limitation on converting word expression into mathematical expressions, confusing combination and composition, unnecessary interchanging order of operations during algebraic manipulations and drawing graph without considering sufficient points were observed difficulties. Whereas, a relation is a function if it has algebraic expression, overgeneralization that a representation is a functions if it is symbolized as an ordered pairs, and considering every point of discontinuity as an asymptote were identified misconceptions. Thus, special attention should be given in the teaching-learning to overcome identified difficulties and misconceptions.

208-211

Authors: Archana Pandey

Technology is driving factor of Fourth Industrial Revolution in which digital automation, artificial intelligence, mobile supercomputing, intelligent robots are at its momentum. International competitiveness and global challenges demands highly innovative and competent school environment. Digital era and globalization has led to a new trend in education. One such trend is Blended Learning. The objective of the present paper is to analyse the concept of blended learning and to review the evolution of blended learning. Further, the paper discusses the intricacies and technical complications involved during implementation of blended learning in Indian context. In addition, the paper also critically analyse the competencies needed for handling blended learning along with benefits and challenges of blended learning.

220-244

Authors: Arcângelo Loss , Marcos Gervasio Pereira , Sidinei Julio Beutler , Adriano Perin , Marisa de Cassia Piccolo , Shirlei Almeida Assunção , Everaldo Zonta

Were quantified the plant residues on the soil, total soil organic carbon (TOC) and nitrogen (TN) contents and the different soil organic matte (SOM) fractions and to determine 13C and 15N isotopic soil composition and plant residues in the crop–livestock integration system (CLIS), pasture and Cerrado areas, in Goias, Brazil. TOC and TN, C and N light organic matter content (C-LOM/NLOM); C and N of particulate organic matter (C-POM/N-POM); and mineral organic matter (CMOM/N-MOM) were evaluated. δ 13C and δ15N of soil and LOM, POM, and MOM fractions, as well as the δ13C of plant residues, were also determined. Plant residues from pasture were more enriched with nutrients and C, and CLIS which are richer in N. δ13C of pasture and CLIS soils indicated that the C from the Cerrado vegetation (typically C3) was replaced by vegetation with C4 photosynthetic mechanisms. CLIS accumulated more TOC than the pasture, and provided higher C-MOM and N-MOM values than pasture, and higher N-LOM levels than pasture and Cerrado. δ 13C of LOM is associated with more recent origins of carbon. δ15N of POM and soil of the CLIS and pasture indicate greater mineralization of SOM.

250-257

Authors: Toungos M.D , Kwaga Y.D , Zambua B.W

A Field experiment was conducted during the 2018 cropping season, at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Department of Agriculture Federal College of Education, (FCE) Yola. Yola is located in Northern Guinea Savanna Zone at latitude 9o 14’ North and longitude 12o 38’ East and altitude of 158m above sea level. The treatments for experiment consist of two potato cultivars (White and Red) which vines were obtained from the open market in Yola and slips prepared from previous year’s tubers. Complete Randomized Block Design (CRBD) was used and the treatments were replicated three (3) times. Both sweet and white potatoes provide similar amounts of key nutrients including protein (2g and 3g respectively), potassium and vitamin B6, all of which contribute to a well-balanced, nutrient-dense diet. It has 20.1g CHO, Starch 20.1g, Sugars 4.2g, Dietary fiber 3g, Protein 1.6g and fat 0.1g. Soups, leaves and shoots are edible, Tubers roasted in many African Countries such as Kenya, South Sudan, Liberia, Guinea and Nigeria.their increased cultivation is being encouraged in Africa where vitamin A deficiency is a serious health problem. he highest yield of 8 tones/ha-1 was recorded on the red cut vines, followed by 6 tones/ha-1 on the white cut vines. There were no significant difference on the spread/uncut vines which gave yields of 3.6 tones/ha-1 and 4.8 tones/ha-1 while significant difference were observed on the cut vines with a mean weight tuber of 6.5 and 8.1 respectively. Results in sweet potato showed that, it has a good potential to the farmers in terms of yield and income. Their increased cultivation is being encouraged in Africa where vitamin A deficiency is a serious health problem. Their differences in terms of yield between the white and the red cultivars might be due to the methods adopted for planting the vines. It is therefore recommended to cut the vines when planting in order to obtain higher yield since yield is an important factor to be considered for sweet potato production.

265-272

Authors: Yunjie Huang , Yi Zhang

Learners play a vital role in the process of second language acquisition (SLA). Needs analysis can realistically reflect learners’ circumstances when learning the second language. In the presented paper, one EFL learner was selected as a case to do the needs analysis, in which the interview was the main instrument for the analysis. Based on Krashen’s monitor theory, results found that, firstly, the learner’s English needs had not been met. Then, insufficient input as well as complex and an extremely high affective filter were two significant reasons for the failure of needs accomplishment. Additionally, this case study provided the suggestions responding to the specific circumstances of a high affective filter and offered the experience for the further larger-scaled studies of related needs analysis.

287-291

Authors: Phillip R. Neely Jr. , Joseph Cillo JD

The integrity of police when testifying in the courtroom is critical for the trust, confidence, and reputation of both the police force and the criminal justice system. Despite this, however, perjury is a major problem affecting the criminal justice system as can be evident from its high preference across jurisdictions in the entire nation. In addition, it is a real concern to the ability of the criminal justice system to deliver justice to all in the society. However, perjury is a complex problem to deal with due to the ethical nature of different influencers. The influencers range from strict requirements on the rights of defendants for the police to comply with to the inherent demand on officers to ensure successful convictions and implied support by court officials, prosecution, and police departments within the criminal justice system. Accordingly, the collaboration of the different stakeholders in this problem of justice remains a promising solution.

301-317

Authors: K. Sivasubramaniyan , S. Rajendran

India is the fifth largest country in terms of area in the world. It has 3.288 million sq. km. The first four largest countries are: Russia (17.075 m.sq.km); the USA (9.629 m.sq.km); China (9.597 m.sq.km); and Brazil (8.512 m.sq.km). Population wise, India ranks second in the world. As on 18.08.2019 India’s population is 1365.3 million and World population is 7676.6 million (indiastat.com). That is, India has 17.8% of the world population. As far as Tamil Nadu is concerned, its population in 2011 was 72.14 million and it increased to 81.20 million in 2019. As far as the world water resources is concerned, the 29% of land area has one lakh KM3 of fresh water, in which about 60% goes as evaporation annually. The remaining 40%, i.e. 40,000 KM3 goes as run-off by rivers and percolation to groundwater in the world. India’s share is 4% of world supply that is 4000 KM3 . It is estimated in India, 51% of precipitation goes as evaporation and the remaining 49% is the annual water resources that is 1953 KM3 . This is divided as 1521 KM3 (78%) as surface water and 432 KM3 (22%) as groundwater resource. From this quantum, the annual utilizable water is calculated as 1086 KM3 (690 KM3 as surface water and 396 KM3 as groundwater). However, the present quantity of water use is only 600 KM3 from both surface and groundwater resources. This is only 31% of annual water resources (for details see chart 1). If, available quantity is prudently used India can solve many water related problems.

328-331

Authors: Phillip R. Neely Jr. , Joseph Cillo JD

Law enforcement agencies struggle to hire officers. Law enforcement agencies are compelled to hold applicants to higher standards. Often, due to the danger that may occur, some applicants feel the pay is not worth the risk. Other applicants cannot complete the series of test such as physical agility, psychological, background checks and their criminal history. Even after an officer is hired, they are held to certain standards they must maintain to remain employed. In the State of Georgia, the Peace Officer Standard Training keeps a record of each officer in Georgia that provides the citizens with qualified, professional, trained, ethical and competent peace officers in law enforcement. Any violations could result in the officer certification being suspended or revoked and will show if a person has been fired or quit voluntarily. Hiring and Retention of law enforcement officers will need to be addressed. Police officers or Deputy Sheriffs are needed to maintain order, investigate crimes whether misdemeanors or felonies and crimes against children or the elderly. If agencies cannot retain officer’s criminals would not have consequences for their actions and society would revert to the days of outlaws and common law citizens. Not being able to hire and retain officers can have an impact externally and internally. If officers are not hired or retain the following could cause long term problems such as; officer burnout due to the overtime, case overloads for investigators or detectives, new recruits using the agency as a steppingstone until another job is found.

342-357

Authors: Dr. Satish Babaso Patil

Ayurveda is an ancient system of medicine documented and practiced in India since time immemorial. According to this system, an individual’s Prakruti (basic constitution) to a large extent, determines predisposition and prognosis to diseases as well as therapy and lifestyle regime. Therefore, Prakruti pariksha plays an important role in examination of patient and diagnostic aspect hence can influences its prevention also. In Ayurveda excessive soil contact is main cause of padadari in explained under sushrut samhita. So, one needs to understand that there should be some correlation between excessive soil contact and padadari i.e cracked feet.

367-373

Authors: Julianus Dising , Laurensius Lehar

The development of curcas bean (Jatropha curcas Linn) as a raw material for biodiesel have a very promising potential, because in addition to producing oil with high productivity (40-45%). Curcas bean oil was transesterified at 60oC for 120 minutes to produce biodiesel. The produced biodiesel was the cracked with the H-zeolite catalyst at 70oC, 80oC, 90oC, 100oC, 110oC, and 120oC for 60, 90, and 120 minutes. This study was aimed to characterize the curcas bean biodiesel that had been cracked using H-zeolite catalyst. Characterization of the biodiesel from cracking process included viscosity, saponification number, iodine number, and cetane number. Results of the study indicated that the breakdown of carbon chain in the fatty acid of curcas bean biodiesel can be achieved by catalytic cracking. This was evidenced by the reduced viscosity and iodine number and increased saponification number and cetane number of the curcas bean biodiesel after cracking. Analysis of the curcas bean biodiesel product obtained indicated that the optimum temperature was 90oC and optimum reaction time was 180 minutes. Characteristics of the curcas bean biodiesel on these conditions included the viscosity of 3.850 cSt, saponification number of 206.332 mg KOH/g sample, iodine number of 60.11 mg Iodine/g sample, and cetane number of 68.83. GCMS test on the biodiesel composition indicated the presence of 0.798% of methyl laurate (C13H26O2), 44.527% of methyl palmitate (C17H34O2), 4.584% of methyl linoleic (C19H34O2), 46.506% of methyl oleic (C19H36O2) and 3.584% of methyl stearic (C19H36O2).

387-393

Authors: Olajuyin E. A. , Olubakinde Eniola

Power is a very important instrument to the development of economy of a nation and it must be stable and available and to meet the demand of the consumers at all times. The quest for power supply has introduced a new technology called microgrid. Micro grids are regarded as small power systems that confine electric energy generating facilities, from both renewable energy sources and conventional synchronous. Generators, and customer loads with respect to produced electric energy. It can be connected to grid or operate in islanding mode. On the other hand, the grid’s dynamics and its stability rely on the amount of stored energy in the micro grid. In a conventional power system with a large number of synchronous generators as the main sources of energy, the mechanical energy in the generators’ rotors, in the form of kinetic energy, serves as the stored energy and feeds the grids in the event of any drastic load changes or if disturbances occur. Microgrid is an alternative idea to support the grid, it can be applied in a street, estates, community or a locality (towns and villages), organizations and establishments. Load forecasting can be further extended to Organizations, Local Government, State and country to determine the energy consumption

402-414

Authors: S. C. Olu , P. E. Dim , J. O. Okafor

This study indicates kaolinite clay as an effective adsorbent for the uptake of Cu (II) from wastewater. The adsorption process was studied with variation of time, temperature and adsorbent dosage at the effluent pH of 6. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Brunauer Emmett and Teller (BET) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the adsorbents. XRD spectra showed that modification with KH2PO4 did not significantly change the crystal spacing on the lattice structure of the clay mineral; however, there were shifts in the intensity of the peaks for the modified kaolinite clay. The FTIR spectra showed that certain functional groups are responsible for binding the metal ions from solution. SEM indicated an increase in the porosity of the modified adsorbent as compared with the unmodified kaolinite, which enhances metal ion adsorption on modified kaolinite clay. The BET indicate that acid modification increased the surface area and total pore volume of the kaolinite clay. The kinetic study revealed that the pseudo-first-order model fitted poorly to the equilibrium data, however, the pseudo-second-order model had a good fit for all reaction time at different initial concentrations. The mechanism of the sorption process was evaluated using thermodynamic properties such as enthalpy change (ΔH), Gibbs free energy change (ΔG), and entropy change (ΔS), which were evaluated using Van’t Hoff equations. The negative values of free energy change (ΔG), suggests spontaneity and feasibility of the process. The positive values of enthalpy change (ΔH) indicate endothermic nature of the process.

431-437

Authors: Dr. Abhilash Rajendra Dharamthok , Dr. Mahantesh. B. Rudrapuri , Dr. G. Vinay Mohan

Ayurveda is ancient science. Acharya motioned chatushpada which is bhishak, dravya, rogi, upstatha. In which dravya means ayurvedic medicine Standardization of herbal formulations is important to calculate the quality of drugs, based on the concentration of their active principles. Ajamodadi Choorna is a classical formulation mentioned in Bhaisajyaratnavali with the indication Swarbheda This article highlights on pharmaceutico - analytical standardization of ajamodadi choorna and its drug modification as Ajamodadi chewable tablet standardization of Ajmodadi churna.

446-453

Authors: Sution , Laurensius Lehar

This study aims to obtain new adaptive superior varieties, obtain the appropriate number of seeds and produce a combination of technological packages between varieties and the number of suitable seeds to increase productivity lowland rice. The design used was factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) consisting of 2 factors, namely the first factor of the variety consisted of Ciherang, Inpari 30 and Inpara 2. The second factor was the use of the number of seeds consisting of 2 stems, 5 stems, 8 stems, and 11 stems. The second combination was 12 treatments, which were repeated 3 times, overall there were 36 trial plots. The results showed that the productivity of Inpara 2 varieties of rice gave an increase in yield of 36.82% harvested dry grain compared to the Ciherang variety which is an existing variety. The use of 2-11 stems is not significant for plant productivity, but only affects the amount of filled grain and the number of grains per panicle, in the treatment of the number of seeds of 8 stems. Inpari 30 varieties with 2 and 5 stems have the highest 1000 grains of 25.89 and 25.81 g, respectively.

463-469

Authors: Dr. Sneha Diliprao Lambat , Dr. Mahantesh B. Rudrapuri , Dr. G. Vinay Mohan

Ayurveda is a science of life. It is mainly based on the Trisutra, Hetu, Linga and Aushadhi. Among these Aushadhi plays a major role in the treatment. The standardization of herbal formulations and neutraceuticals, a thoughtful knowledge of the important herbs found in India Suranadi Khand (Granules) is a Avaleha preparation & is explained in Sharangadhar samhita. which is used in the Arsha, Mandaagni, Pleehagulma, Shwas, Kasa, Ashtila. In modern era more importance is given for the feasibility, palatability, minimum dose, easy administration, increased bioavailability and shelf life of a formulation. Hence the present study highlights the Preparation and Pharmaceutical Standardization of Suranadi Khand (Granules)- A Modified Dosage form as Suranadi Avaleha.

478-488

Authors: Shefali Gupta

Development of micro and small enterprises holds the attraction of being the most important component of broader economic development and poverty alleviation. They are seen as a key and sustainable generator of employment and income for citizens and tax revenue for the state. They also serve as a bridge between informal economy and the formalized corporate sector in developing countries. Likewise, if they are able to meet the required export quality and standards, for some countries they are a source of foreign exchange earnings. It is also believed that a variant micro and small enterprise sector helps to encourage competition since they are favorable to bring about economic growth

496-506

Authors: Swarnadip Dey , Sajal Kumar Karmakar , Surajit Goon , Prianka Kundu

In this advance technical time, we all need accuracy to any security system. Among all security system, biometric recognition process is very popular in that time. Not only security purpose, identification is the main cause of using biometric characteristic. A pin, password combination is not enough to secure all things because that’s tracking is possible, but a person biometric characteristic is unique, so it is near to impossible to by-pass. In this paper, we discuss about the fingerprint types such as arch, loop, and whorl. We also discuss how the fingerprint will be recognized; however, where this technique is used in very large scale and what is the future scope of this technique, we discuss what improvement is needed in future.