Journal of Intellectual Disability - Diagnosis and Treatment

267-273

Authors: Victoria Yermilova, Natalia Stroiteleva, Zhanna Egorova, Ekaterina Vanina

Smoking and alcohol consumption is a growing trend among young people worldwide. The purpose of this study was to provide students with a comparative analysis of adherence to harmful habits (smoking and alcohol) on the one hand and the frequency of sports and academic performance on the other, taking into account gender differences. The research was conducted in 2019-2020 in 5 cities of Russia; the sample included 1500 people aged 18.4 ± 1.1 years, divided into three equal groups. The control (first) group had students who are not engaged in sports, and the second group comprised students practicing sports but not professionally. The third group was made up of student-athletes. All participants were surveyed to determine the frequency of adherence to harmful habits. In the control group, boys smoked 50% more often than girls (p ≤ 0.05), while in the third group, smoking among boys was registered 70 times less often (p ≤ 0.001). Alcohol consumption in controls was 0.5 times more likely among boys (p ≤ 0.05). Harmful habits affect young people's free time and reduce their academic performance and ability to practice sports.

280-293

Authors: Inna M. Leonova, Iryna M. Yevchenko, Andrii M. Masliuk, Kateryna I. Brahina, Halyna V. Salata

A joint analysis of the concepts of "emotional intelligence" and "burnout" allows finding new ways to protect against the adverse effects of chronic stress. It is known that emotional competencies are determined by gender and gender, but this aspect needs to be clarified. A longitudinal study was conducted in a female sample (575 students and 96 teachers from different regions of Ukraine) to determine the dynamics of burnout in calm and stressful periods and trace the correlation of symptoms with emotional abilities. The structural components of emotional intelligence (reflection, self-regulation, empathy, expressiveness, and acceptance of one's own emotions) and manifestations of burnout were measured; three diagnostic sections were made at the beginning of the academic year, after the winter and spring examination sessions. Significant growth of all burnout indicators during the annual training cycle (MANOVA) was recorded. The effect of the accumulation of fatigue (exhaustion) was robust in teachers and graduate students. At the same time, after the session, students grew a sense of self-efficacy, compensating for the resources spent. Comparison of means in six subsamples of students in grades 1-5 and teachers (ANOVA) showed that structural changes in emotional competencies describe the adaptive potential of a certain age period. The developed empathy and selfregulation are the main signs of women's emotional maturity after graduation. The structure of correlations between burnout parameters and emotional competencies differed in different groups. The most significant contribution to preventing burnout in students is made by reflection and self-regulation, in teachers — by self-regulation, empathy, and acceptance of one's feelings. The negative correlation between emotional abilities and symptoms of burnout is exacerbated during times of stress. It is concluded that there are two mechanisms of the protective influence of emotional intelligence: direct, which prevents exhaustion by controlling and regulating negative emotions, and indirect, through a sense of self-efficacy resulting from the successful overcoming of professional challenges

304-310

Authors: Fatemeh Ghiasi, Zohreh Hosseinzadeh, Fatemeh Nemati, Maryam Kheiry, Abdollah Normohammadi, Nasibe Sharif

Patients admitted to Critical Care Units (CCU) face multiple stressors, and these stressors cause anxiety in patients. Anxiety increases heart function in heart patients. High levels of anxiety in cardiac patients increase in association with hospital complications. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) on reducing the anxiety of patients in CCU during their hospitalization. The study design was quasiexperimental (pre-test and post-test). This study was performed on patients in CCU of Shahid Mostafa Khomeini hospital in 2019; for this purpose, 30 patients in CCU were randomly divided into intervention (n=15) and control (n=15) groups. Before the intervention, the demographic variables questionnaire and DASS-21 anxiety questionnaire were completed by both groups. Then, the intervention group received CBT for eight sessions according to the average number of hospital days (eight days) by the therapist (researcher). The control group did not receive any intervention. After the intervention, the demographic variables questionnaire and DASS-21 questionnaire were completed by the intervention and control groups again. Data analysis was done by SPSS-21 software and descriptive tests, ANOVA, and independent and pairwise t-test. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the mean score of anxiety before treatment, but the mean score of anxiety significantly decreased after treatment in the intervention group (9.63±2.773) compared to the control group (13.23±2.115; p<0.001). CBT can reduce the level of anxiety in patients admitted to CCU, and this method can be used as a simple and low-cost complementary non-pharmacological practice in these patients.

321-328

Authors: Dina E. Nurmakhanova, Aiman K. Rakhmetova, Dinara A. Kassymbekova, Gulzhamila Meiirova, Gaukhar M. Rakhimzhanova

Objective: This study aims to investigate the problems that neuropedagogy can solve in the context of the educational process. Background: Research in neuropedagogy has been gaining popularity in recent years. This has been driven by advances in technology and the social sciences. Every year more and more scientists approach the subject of neuropedagogy to modernise the educational system and improve the educational process. Method: The main research methods in this scientific article are the comparative method, methods of analysis and data synthesis, the historical method, as well as the theoretical analysis of scientific literature related to the subject matter. Results: The study explored the concept of neuropedagogy and the principles on which it is based. Practical recommendations for teachers of Kazakhstan have been developed. Scientific articles on the subject matter are analysed, the degree of research and the effectiveness of the implementation of neuropedagogy in the educational process is assessed. Conclusion: It was concluded that the use of neuropedagogy would provide an opportunity to improve and modernise the education system

336-341

Authors: Smanova Alua, Ibraimova Leskul, Aitenova Elmira, Rakhmetova Raigul, Serikbayeva Gaisha, Abdykadyrov Aidos

Communication is powerful instruments of interaction that provide equality to those who have a severe intellectual disability. We are presenting a comprehensive communication model to enhance their chances of interacting with others and improving professionals' understanding of intellectual disability. Most of the existing literature on different disabilities focuses on people who have some capacities to perform certain skills to a certain degree. Our model allows effective learning and proactive interaction for both the disabled and the professionals. Moreover, it offers resources and a wide range of knowledge about the syndromes and the right strategies to be used. The idea of this research paper arose out of an awareness that students with language learning disabilities are completely ignored in the educational system, and there are no special programs that cater to these students. They are placed in normal schools that are not prepared to deal with their unique difficulties. This paper, therefore, is an attempt to provide teachers with multiple-strategies models for teaching English language skills to these students at the intermediate level and beyond. Also, this research paper describes strategies for language learning and language use in regular language activities.

349-353

Authors: Kanybekova Karlygash, Y. Roslykova, M. Kulbayeva, K. Koshkimbayev, A. Elantsev, R. Shaikynbekova, L. Umbetyarova

The interplay between architectural design and human psychology is significant, yet it remains largely unnoticed or even ignored both in and outside the design industry. Moreover, the relationship between design and psychology is not only consequential and is bidirectional. On the one hand, successful design has been shown to have clear psychological and physiological impacts; on the other, psychology, human experience, and the function of our neurological systems all play a significant role in what we perceive to be a successful design. This thesis endeavors to understand how that complex relationship evolved and how it works in today's world and shows how artistic memorial facilities can help emotionally to people. The architectural style has evolved over time as the general public's preferences have changed and as new materials and building processes have been discovered. Some styles have been fads that have quickly come and gone, while others have stood the test of time and been around for centuries, even influencing some modern architecture today. The socio-political, socio-cultural processes taking place in modern society require a serious rethinking of the spiritual, moral, cultural, and historical values underlying the artistic and aesthetic comprehension of the world by students. The problem of the aesthetic education of the younger generation, the gradual revival of traditions and culture of peoples is acquiring special relevance at present. At the same time, interest in studying the problems of introducing young people to culture, particularly works of art of architecture - architectural monuments, is of great importance. Of course, the issues of the beneficial influence of the architectural and spatial environment on the development of artistic creativity of children, instilling in schoolchildren a desire to join the national artistic culture with the help of the heritage of ancestors as a factor in the aesthetic education of schoolchildren, enrichment of their inner world are also relevant. The preceding determines the need for further research of art and pedagogical education and aesthetic education of schoolchildren based on a deep study of the heritage of their ancestors, and above all on the historical and architectural samples of cultural and art monuments. This paper aims to show the development of artistic forms of memorial facilities in Kazakhstan and describe how it will emotionally help people. As well as depict its historical development and significance to the people. This research starts its analysis from ancient times until now with memorable periods in history