Journal of Intellectual Disability - Diagnosis and Treatment

1-10

Authors: P.T.I. Okudolo, V. Ojakorotu

The paper evaluates politics and governance underlining disability inclusion development using reflections in parasport. Its thesis-of-thesis derives from the presentation of surveyed explanations from Nigerian stakeholders in the Paralympics sector to generalize for Africa. Before the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak, politics in Africa shows an abysmal scorecard in terms of combating discrimination against disabled persons. Accordingly, the continent's disability inclusiveness governance shows it is effectual. Thus, there is perhaps ample indication to adduce that sports politics will continually fail to achieve the inclusiveness of parasports athletes in a coronavirus epidemic aftermath. Using the Nigerian context, the paper gathers evidence from interviews with stakeholders and evaluative-secondary data in parasports concerning not only to responding to disability inclusion in sports but also to the wider politics of sustaining inclusiveness of Paralympic athletes in a post-COVID-19 era. The paper argues that the character of politics in Africa generally has not resulted in optimal investments, considerations, and willpower from political leaders to advanc e outcomes in the aspect of inclusivity of athletes with disabilities. It considers contextual factors that militate against achieving all-inclusiveness of disabled sports persons and how politics can be channelled to achieve their optimum well-being in the sports arena

21-28

Authors: Chinedu Hilary Joseph, Henrietta Ijeoma Alika, Anikelechi Ijeoma Genevieve, T.D. Thobejane

The COVID-19 outbreak is inflicting different societies of the world with an untold and unprecedented hardship. However, the extent of impacts is bound to differ across groups, gender, economies, and countries. Given how the pandemic affects particular groups, this paper focuses on girls/young women and how Covid-19 may further strengthen gender norms and discriminations as risk factors of their mental health. In some societies, right from birth, the life experiences of the female child differ from the male child. At every stage of development, girls are more likely than boys to confront a host of challenges associated with discrimination and norms, which are gender-based. With the effects of the current pandemic evident in reduced access to health care, education, teenage pregnancy, and being vulnerable, young women and girls are more at the receiving end of their impacts. These stand as hindrances to the girl child's mental health because they tend to constitute anxiety, depression, self-harm, or even suicide and weakens her will power to make proper adjustment to life issues. This paper concludes that given that the impacts of COVID-19 are not gender-blind (affecting both genders), therefore the designing policy responses to the current pandemic should not be either. As we all continue to face this overwhelming Covid-19 pandemic, the study recommends that the vulnerable (especially girls and young women) should not be neglected or ignored. This is possible by not forgetting the inequalities that may worsen the conditions of girls because of the crisis

39-44

Authors: Chukwuemeka E. Etodike, Elsie C. Ekeghalu, Kelechi Johnmary Ani, Emmanuel Mutambara

The novel coronavirus is far from being over; with the case-fatality rate (CFR) hitting more than 16,500 globally as of July, there is a worry that despite the fact that the global CFR curve is showing signs of flattening, the environmental peculiarities of the third world countries may be abetting global efforts towards containing the virus. Therefore, this review x-rayed these peculiarities in the light of their current concern in public health as per their contribution to the persistent surge in CFR in most developing nations. Given that the virus is transmitted via droplets, the review focused on how the state of public and environmental challenges such as air as well as water pollution and personal hygiene could be abetting the surge in coronavirus infections and morbidity. The review revealed, among other things, that challenges associated with poor sanitary conditions, lack of potable water, unventilated environments, air pollution, and poor inter-personal hygiene are devastating challenges in the fight against the pandemic. The implication is that since these conditions are systematic in nature, it may take more than average effort and public sacrifice to checkmate the case-fatality rate of the virus in the third world. Therefore, call for studies is necessary to establish empiricism for CFR patterns and ratio across areas in deplorable environmental and sanitary conditions

56-63

Authors: Elizabeth Ojo-Fafore, Clinton Aigbavboa, Wellington Thwala

The fourth industrial revolution (4IR) is gradually gaining momentum in a wide range, and as it gathers pace, innovations are becoming faster, more efficient, and widely accessible than before. However, due to the outbreak of Covid 19, the world had seen a shift in the traditional ways in all aspects of human activities, especially in the socio-economic sector. This paper explores the effect of Covid19 on the development of the fourth industrial revolution in the Southern African region and will review the literature on pandemic and its effect on industrial revolutions. It will also review the literature on the fourth industrial revolution, the spread of the Covid 19 pandemic, and its effect on the development of the fourth industrial revolution in Southern Africa

82-89

Authors: Toshihiro Horiguchi, Tokio Uchiyama, Atsushi Ozawa, Tadashi Matsubasa, Kenichirou Watanabe, Jun Adachi, Naoko Inada

To assure the quality of care for children with disabilities, opinions on the qualifications and training programmes for surveyors of the care for children with disabilities were collected in case Japan implemented the new assessment system that specialised in care for children with disabilities. To illustrate the career pathway and to compare the system with other inspection systems overseas, this study employed a triangle model using education years as the scale. The questionnaires were twice mailed to all the administration adequacy committees and grievance committees. Seventeen committees replied. Results revealed the average number of years of education was 4.6 years and 7 years for applicants and inexperienced surveyors, respectively. The recommended duration of training programmes was 27.8 hours on average. The respondents appeared to expect extremely high qualifications to be obtained in rapid training in comparison to overseas inspectors; however, this was not uncommon in Japan. The ministry shared our findings for the improved survey. Indices of the triangle model will be beneficial to compare qualifications and evaluate training programmes.

97-106

Authors: Nataliia Makarchuk, Liliia Kulinenko, Olga Vasylieva, Olga Zhurkova, Liudmila Makarchuk, Elena Mozoliuk

Objective: The main tasks of this study are as follows: to substantiate the interdependence of perversion as a form of violence and the human ego in the context of hybrid warfare; to prove the existence of perversion as a form of violence against a person in the context of hybrid warfare in Ukraine (personal perversion); to describe the alteration of ego states as conditions for effective human self-regulatory activity in the context of hybrid warfare. Background: Hybrid warfare, including the Ukrainian-Russian conflict, as a phenomenon, has been widely studied both abroad and in Ukraine. However, there are very few works on the psychological impact of such a war. There are currently no works on disorders of human self-regulatory activity in the context of hybrid warfare, which makes the study unique and relevant. Method: The study used a combination of various methods, in particular, structural-clinical interviews, psychological counseling and therapeutic meetings, data analysis. Data were collected for 2014-2020. The total number of participants was 55 people aged 25 to 63 years, with 70% female and 30% male. Results: The latent tension and denial of hybrid warfare result in a gradual increase of neurotization, which is in 95% of cases passes into a neurosis state with concomitant manifestations of symptoms. There is also a deterioration in psychological well-being and phylogenetic disorders (erogenous dysfunction in men, uncontrolled neurotic masturbation in women). Disorders of the mental level of self-regulation determine the manifestation of the mental content of perversion, in which perversion takes on the character of intrapersonal functioning. Conclusion: The combination of disorders of the physical, mental and personal levels of the self-regulatory activity of the psyche increased perverse tendencies in social and political life, which provoked a high rate of psychotization of the entire society and an increase in deficit characterological manifestations of each individual.

113-119

Authors: Toshihiro Horiguchi, Kenji Takanashi, Shoichi Sato, Naoki Sone

Children with disabilities are at high risk of being abused at school by their teachers. Based on legislation in Japan, the authors assessed the implementation of measures to prevent abuse and reasonable accommodations (arrangements) available at special needs schools in Japan. Government data has concentrated only on physical maltreatment by teachers; thus, we also collected grievances from parents to estimate the prevalence rate of abuse at special education settings. Of the 1,077 schools that were sent questionnaires, 333 completed them. Educational programmes for staff were the most common measure employed to prevent abuse. Various forms of support, including communication with internet-communication technology, were provided in relation to reasonable accommodations. After the implementation of the abuse prevention act for persons with disabilities, 14 (4.20%) schools reported grievances from parents claiming that their child had been bullied by teachers. Because Japan does not have educational inspection systems, such as the United Kingdom and the Netherlands, we assumed the incidence rate. Provided that all the grievances were related to abuse, the incidence rate was 0.02–0.05% (95% CI)

128-136

Authors: Olabimpe Ajoke Olatunji, Erhabor Sunday Idemudia, Omosolape Olakitan Owoseni

The need to take appropriate care of children with disabilities by the relevant stakeholders as the world moves into the post-COVID era has become imperative. Hence, this work investigated how family-to-work, work-to-family conflicts, and emotional intelligence influenced the four dimensions of job burnout (enthusiasm towards the job, psychological exhaustion, indolence, and guilt) among teachers administering children with disabilities. This was assessed using a cross-sectional online survey design of 276 special education teachers (female = 159; mean age = 32.5, SD = 10.1) from the Nigerian population of teachers. Data were collected using structured psychological tests, including the Work and Family Conflict Scale (WFCS), Emotional Intelligence Scale, and Job Burnout Scale. Results indicated that emotional intelligence predicted all the dimensions of job burnout in teachers except psychological exhaustion. The independent variables failed to predict psychological exhaustion; however, family-to-work conflict independently predicted indolence. Furthermore, the results revealed no gender difference in all four dimensions of job burnout. Based on these findings, it was recommended that an intervention strategy targeting the promotion of emotional intelligence and adequate provision of modern facilities to be used to assist teachers in their special skills delivery