Journal of Intellectual Disability - Diagnosis and Treatment

209-219

Authors: Monika Parchomiuk

The article presents an analysis of the general characteristics of negative psychosocial experiences and their possible impact on the psychosexual sphere of children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities and autism spectrum disorders. Seeking such factors, the focus was on the family environment. Particular attention was paid to parental attitudes towards the child with indicated developmental disabilities and the child's sexuality. The tasks essential for the development of sexuality during childhood and adolescence were described. Possible problems and difficulties that may arise in this sphere in persons with developmental disabilities in the context of negative experiences were analyzed. General guidelines important for supporting parents were outlined, which are important from the perspective of limiting the adverse psychosocial experiences of children

227-230

Authors: Peter Martin

Objective:To describe a behavioural feature, the outstretched pointing (and shaking) index finger, as a clue to the clinical diagnosis of Angelman syndrome (AS) in adults. Methods:A case series, consisting of 43 adult individuals with the clinical diagnosis of AS, approved by genetic testing is presented. In 16/43 patients the clinical diagnosis was made by the author, mostly due to behavioural signs, including the pointing gesture, which he had increasingly noticed as a behavioural key feature in his adult patients with AS. Conclusion:Pointing with the outstretched index finger is a communicative gesture frequently seen in adult persons with AS. Its absence is most likely due to more limited motor and/or intellectual functions, in phenotypes caused by deletions of 15q11-13 respectively. It can be seen as a clinical sign that significantly contributes to the diagnosis in adulthood

237-242

Authors: Amir Hooshang Bavarsad, Esmaiel Idani, Maryam Haddadzadeh Shoushtari

Background and Objective: Healthcare and laboratory workers in hospitals have a higher exposure to hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) than the general populations. Tuberculosis (TB) infection is a common HAI that is communicated from the patients with TB admitted or hospitalized in the healthcare centres. This study aims to determinate the incidence and prevalence of latent TB infection among healthcare workers in the major Hospitals in Ahvaz, Khuzestan province, Iran. Methods: This is a case-control study conducted on healthcare workers diagnosed with TB between January 2010 to December 2017. The study population consisted of healthcare workers of the three major hospitals of Ahvaz, Khuzestan including Imam Khomeini Hospital, Golestan Hospital and Shafa Hospital. All subjects underwent Mantoux tuberculin skin test (TST) and after 48 to 72 hours the reaction was measured as the length of induration. The induration equal to or greater than 10 mm was considered as positive TB. Moreover, the subjects and controls were asked to complete a self-administered questionnaire on potential risk factors for TB. Results: Among 513 subjects, male and female subjects were respectively 186 and 327. Of all subjects, 67 subjects (male: 42; female: 25) showed positive TST (10 mm ≤ induration) and 275 subjects showed 5 mm >induration. There was a significant relationship between TST result and the workplace of the subjects. Gender showed no significant relationship with the TST result. Conclusion: All healthcare workers who are in direct contact with TB patients must undergo regular TB screening test and the workers should be trained for self-conducting TST.

251-259

Authors: Lyudmila Sergeevna Yermukhanova, Rysty Kaztyganovna Nazarbayeva, Gulnar Dostanovna Sultanova, Gulmira Namazovna Izimbergenova, Saule Tazhedinovna Tazhbenova, Malika Maksatovna Knissarina, Perizat Zhaksibayevna Aitmaganbet

Objectives: The purpose of this article is to study and generalize, detect main tendencies in modern views on various aspects of the psychological health of adolescents in recent publications (taken into account the publication on multiple problems of adolescents’ health over the past decade: 2009-2019).Method: The literature search was conducted using Medline, TRIP Database and Cochrane Library to identify relevant medical studies over the past 10 years (2009-2019). The keywords search and title search and advanced search were applied in order to determine the articles and other forms of surveys on the general topic of adolescents’ psychological health. The articles were filtered for the TOP-30 concerning chronological principle and their actuality, novelty, citation level and deepness of the researchable aspect.Results: Multiple publications that focus on the psychological health of adolescents were detected. They concentrate on the principal factors that force pathological psychical behaviour among adolescents. E.g., the impact of family members' health and life-limiting conditions, unemployment and precarious employment, the negative impact of alcohol and the Internet, cognitive-behavioral therapy programs, the internalization of symptoms in depressive or anxious states, Internet-based therapy, responses to antidepressants, the Youth Version Short (EQ-i: YV-S) have been described. The chosen medical studies have been systemized in the form of a table and some of them were discussed more closely due to their importance and novelty.Conclusions: The study generalizes the most modern and innovatory views on aspects of the psychological health of adolescents in international publications taking into account synchronic and diachronic notions. The study may be used for close browsing of the current state of investigations in this scientific area as well as for further investigations in the forms of surveys and clinical experiments take notice of already detected and undetected yet problem

265-273

Authors: Yuliia I. Lobanova

The research paper analyzes the peculiarities of training candidates for drivers for certain subtypes (components) of combined driving. The work is focused on the analysis of opportunities to improve the quality of training of drivers for such subtypes of driving as orientation on the road, which, in particular, is the basis for mastering parking manoeuvres. Based on the analysis of a number of works, less confidence of women in driving a vehicle in a limited space (as opposed to men) is shown, which is manifested in the choice of simpler tasks for this subtype of activity.The psychological nature of the sense of dimensions is analyzed, the importance of visual sensations and long-term memory for the formation and development of this feeling is shown. The hypothesis about the possibility of compensating for the insufficiently developed and worsening with age sense of dimensions due to reliance on visual figurative memory and subject reflection is formulated.The results of the empirical study, which found the relative independence of the level of development of linear and angular eye estimation and confidence in parking with different driving experience, are presented. The results of the analysis of the tasks for reflection of driving in a limited unstructured space by 100 drivers are presented, which confirm the hypothesis of the study: visual landmarks for parking in non-standard conditions, in percentage terms, are more often identified by older drivers with longer experience but with poorer indicators of linear and angular eye estimation, being no different in terms of parking confidence from young drivers with better eye estimation, which can be considered as a manifestation of the compensation mechanism