Journal of Intellectual Disability - Diagnosis and Treatment

Number 5/2, 2017

36-40
Priming to Reduce Mand Response Latency

Authors: Nadia Misbahuddin, L.L. Mason

Abstract

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This investigation evaluated the effectiveness of a priming intervention to decrease the latency to mand for a five-year-old boy diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. Parent participation in clinical applied behavior analytic intervention was increased by providing the family members with a home- and community-based priming technique to increase the efficacy of clinical treatment. Using a multiple-baseline design across settings, mand response latency was analyzed as a function of the verbal behavior priming intervention employed by two different caregivers. Results of the study indicate that the caregiver-implemented priming intervention was successful in reducing the child's latency to vocalize a request, allowing for more efficient use of instructional time.

41-49
The Dark Triad of Personality and its Relationship to Leadership, Management, Team Work and Influencing Behaviours, and 360 Degree Assessments of Satisfaction

Authors: Tony Manning

Abstract

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Number of views: 40

The '˜Dark Triad' refers to three socially-aversive personalities, namely, Machiavellianism, narcissism and psychopathy. Previous research shows both how such behaviours can be both counter-productive and advantageous. However, there is little on how the Dark Triad is linked to specific workplace behaviours. This article fills this gap by looking at the relationship between measures of the Dark Triad and self-assessments of leadership, management, team working and influencing behaviours, as well as with 360 degree assessments of such behaviours. It identifies particular behaviours that are used by each of the three personality types, along with 360 degree assessments of such behaviours. Given that the Dark Triad exists and that it has implications for the workplace behaviours, organisations have to deal with such behaviours. The article ends by considering the practical implications of the research findings, including issues around selection and placement, team composition and training and development. Finally, it suggests areas for further research.

50-60
In Vitro Screening for Antioxidant and Anticholinesterase Effects of Uvaria littoralis Blume.: A Nootropic Phytotherapeutic Remedy

Authors: Abdur Rahman, Anamul Haque, Md. Sahab Uddin, Md. Mohsin Mian, Mohammad Abu Sufian, Md. Mosiqur Rahman, Yusuf Ali, Md. Rajdoula Rafe, Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim, Md. Josim Uddin, Md. Asaduzzaman

Abstract

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Background: Oxidative stress is strongly linked in the development of numerous chronic and degenerative disorders. Medicinal plants with antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities exert a key role for the management of oxidative stress related disorders mainly Alzheimer's disease (AD). Therefore the purpose of this study was to assess antioxidant potentiality and anticholinesterase inhibitory activity of crude methanolic extract (CME), petroleum ether fraction (PEF), chloroform fraction (CLF), ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) and aqueous fraction (AQF) of Uvaria littoralis (U. littoralis) leaves. Methods: The antioxidant compounds namely total flavonoids contents (TFCs) and total proanthocyanidins contents (TPACCs) were determined for quantities constituent’s characterization. Antioxidant capacity of U. littoralis leaves were estimated by the iron reducing power (IRPA), 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and nitric oxide (NO) radical scavenging capacity. Anticholinesterase effects were estimated for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinestrase (BChE) activity. Results: The EAF of U. littoralis leaves showed the highest TFCs as compared to CLF, CME, PEF and AQF. TPACCs were also found highest in EAF. The highest absorbance for IRPA was found in EAF (2.220 nm) with respect to CME and other fractions at the highest concentration. The EAF showed best DPPH and NO radical scavenging activity with IC50 values of 31.63 and 55.47 μg/mL, respectively with regard to CME and remaining fractions. The PEF represents highest AChE inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 35.19 μg/mL and CLF showed highest BChE inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 32.49 μg/mL. Conclusions: The findings of the current study demonstrate the presence of antioxidant phytochemicals, likewise, turns out antioxidant and anticholinesterase potentiality of U. littoralis leaves which could be a prestigious candidate for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases especially AD.