Sport Mont

7-11

Authors: María-José Paredes-Ruiz, María Jodar-Reverte, Ignacio Martinez González –Moro, Vicente Ferrer-Lopez

Currently, muscle activity can be assessed by oxygen muscle saturation (SmO2) measured with near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), which is a non-invasive technique that can be used in training planning and control, but more needs to be known about it. To analyse gender differences in the SmO2 of quadriceps and hamstrings, in several phases of a maximum stress test. A total of 20 subjects, with an average age of 21 years (10 males and 10 females), were the subjects of maximal treadmill exercise testing. We obtained maximum oxygen consumption (Metalyzer 3B) and monitored the electrocardiogram continuously. In addition, we measured the SmO2 of quadriceps and hamstrings in rest (R), start decline (D) and maximum effort (M), with two Humon Hex devices, one placed on the anterior side of the thigh and another on the back. Quadriceps SmO2 in males: R=59.4±11.5%; D=48.3±19.1%; M=52.5±13%. Quadriceps SmO2 in women: R=51±11.5%; D=48.5±9.4%; M=43.1±6.9%. Hamstrings SmO2 in males: R=56.2±13.1%; D=62.9±9.1%; M=57.5±13.9%. Hamstrings SmO2 in women R=56.9±18.9%; D=49.7±7.4%; M=38.2±14.6%. There are no significant differences between muscles. There are only significant differences in M in hamstrings (p-0.009). SmO2 during treadmill exercise is similar in both sexes, but the overall decrease with maximum exercise is greater in women’s hamstrings.

19-23

Authors: Dora Maric, Barbara Gilic, Nikola Foretic

This study aimed to examine the internal- and external-training-load (ITL and ETL, respectively) during a match of young handball players. Field testing included heart-rate monitoring (memory belt, Suunto) as a marker of ITL and accelerometry (motion-biosensor, Actical Respironcis, Philips) as a marker of ETL. Time motion analysis data were obtained by recording the player’s game activities and later analysed with the Matlab software package. T-test and Pearson-product-moment correlation coefficient were used to examine the differences and the relationship between variables collected in the study. The t-test analysis did not show significant differences between the total distance covered (2216.42–2135.42 m), steps conducted (1829.25–1829.83 steps), steps per minute (91.46–91.49 steps/min), energy expenditure (92.24–90.87 METS), time spent in higher intensity zones calculated by motion biosensor (13.08–12.75 minutes), training- load calculated by Edwards TRIMP method (91.54–88.56 scores) in the first and in the second half of the match. Physical activity variables show no significant correlations with the data assessed by heart rate monitors. Similar results in monitored training-load variables in the first and second halves are connected with the game intensity, which was consistent throughout the match. The lack of correlations between ITL and ETL variables indicates that accelerometry is not suitable for the assessment of metabolic training load in intermittent activities, such as handball. ITL measures used in this study are more suitable for controlling load during training and competition, while the ETL parameters used are more appropriate for better understanding players activity in periods in which the players do not train; other activities can influence players fatigue and training and competition performance.

31-37

Authors: Toni Modric, Sime Versic, Damir Sekulic

The aim of this study was (i) to examine associations between training load during the week and match outcomes; (ii) to evidence position-specific differences between playing positions of training load and match running performances in top-level soccer/football. Training load and match running performances were evaluated through external load parameters: total-distance-covered, distance covered by walking, jogging, running, highintensity- running (high-speed-running + sprinting); the number of accelerations, high-intensity-accelerations, decelerations, and high-intensity- decelerations. All data were obtained via the Global Positioning System from twelve matches of the highest-level Croatian soccer competition and from training sessions in the preceding weeks. The players (age: 23.57±2.84 years) were divided into five playing positions: central defenders (n=18), fullbacks (n=20), central midfielders (n=26), wing midfielders (n=5) and forwards (n=9). Significant ANOVA differences (p<0.05) were found in all external match load variables, while in weekly training sessions only in high-intensityrunning, high-intensity-accelerations, and high-intensity- decelerations distinguished players across their playing positions. Inverse correlation for most of the external load parameters and positive correlation for the number of training sessions with match outcome was evidenced. Chances of positive match outcome were greater in weeks when the team participated in fewer training sessions and consequently had lower values of external training load.

45-49

Authors: Olga Igorevna Vaganova, Maxim Mikhaylovich Kutepov, Anna Vladimirovna Lapshova, Elena Alexandrovna Chelnokova, Ekaterina Viktorovna Vezetiu

The purpose of this article is to justify and develop the content and structure of an additional course of bachelors in physical education entitled “Methodological support for the activities of a sports coach”, to expand the range of their professional competencies. The course involves the disclosure of the theoretical foundations and the practical implementation of the competencies mastered by bachelor students in the context of the new Federal State Educational Standard. The target audience of the course includes bachelor students in physical education, trainers of various categories, teachers in fitness centres, physical education leaders of schools, camps and other persons whose activities are related to the implementation of physical training. In the learning process, information, design, and interactive technologies are used. We have developed the content of the course for additional training of bachelor students in physical education. The study was carried out for three years (2017–2019). The total number of students in 2017 was 16; by 2018 the number increased to 27, and in 2019 the number grew to 36. This paper presents a study to identify the quantitative and qualitative composition of students attending an additional training course (senior, middle, and junior groups), which enabled determining the relevance of the course content that we have developed. From year to year, the course content has been improved. Statistical data processing revealed a growing number of students from 2017 to 2019. The course is in demand in each of the age categories that we have identified. The results of the study allowed us to identify the direction for further improving the design of the course content, the choice of technologies, methods and tools, which improves the quality of its implementation and, as a result, the quality of its implementation of the methodological activities of physical education specialists.

59-64

Authors: Nur Azis Rohmansyah, Syahruddin, Wulan Rahmadhani, Ashira Hiruntrakul

Introduction: Patients with knee osteoarthritis were reported to have quadriceps weakness and impaired knee function, related to pain. It is unclear whether body composition is a causal factor to the above findings. Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in pain, quadricep strength, and knee function among obese women and women of normal weight with knee osteoarthritis. Methods: Fifty women with a mean age of 55 years were involved in this study. The inclusion criteria were bilateral knee of knee osteoarthritis with a visual analogue pain scale difference (>1) between each knee. Patients all underwent assessment of the pain intensity, isokinetic strength of knee muscles, and knee function. Results: The analysis showed that there were significant differences between groups in pain intensity (p=0.004) and quadriceps strength (p=0.003) but were not significant on the Lequesne index score (p=0.05). Significant differences in the intensity of knee pain and quadriceps strength occurred between the obesity II group with the normal weight group (p=0.004), overweight (p=0.017) and with obesity I (p=0.017) suffering from knee osteoarthritis. Conclusion: Normal weight people with knee osteoarthritis are at risk of suffering knee pain that causes reduced physical activity. This inactive condition will also result in a decrease in quadriceps muscle strength, which can increase the risk of knee deformity. Therefore, proper education and training programmes are required to anticipate this, so as to prevent the progression of knee osteoarthritis.

71-76

Authors: Yuta Takanashi

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between jump ability and athletic performance of athletic throwers based on data taken over two years. The data of 24 1st-year and 2nd-year male university throwers was compiled to examine the relationship regarding athletic performance. In summary, the three events of standing long jump (SLJ), squat jump (SJ), and counter-movement jump (CMJ) were always in a positive correlation with athletic performance in the two-year measurement. Next, SJ was most relevant to the athletic performance of the five jump measurement items. Standing triple jump (STJ) and rebound jump (RJ) did not improve in two years, and no association with the athletic performance was seen. These results suggest that simple explosive exercises, such as SLJ, SJ, and CMJ, are effective for evaluating the physical fitness of throwers. The vertical jump capability is particularly useful for evaluating athletic performance. The innovation of this study is found in SJ, which exerts power from a stationary state, and could be significant in optimizing athletic performance, which can be enhanced through modified training practices that incorporate SJ.

83-87

Authors: Aleksander Yurevich Osipov, Roman Sergeevich Nagovitsyn, Olga Igorevna Vaganova, Maxim Mikhaylovich Kutepov, Elena Alexandrovna Chelnokova, Tatyana Igorevna Ratmanskaya, Anna Vladimirovna Vapaeva

Information about the volume and intensity of the physical activity of students is collected through various methods of inquiry. Questionnaire data needs to be compared with objective criteria of the physical fitness of students. The purpose of the present research is a comparison of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) data and the results of functional fitness assessment tests of female undergraduate (n=639) and graduate (n=625) students. The IPAQ data were used to determine the level of physical activity in females. Data regarding the BMI and self-perceived physical fitness of females are collected. The physical fitness level of the female students was assessed using functional fitness assessment tests. The IPAQ results show significant (p<0.05) differences in the total weekly volume of physical activity of females. More weekly physical activity volume was found in female graduate students. The advantage in IPAQ results is achieved by significantly (p<0.01) more weekly physical activity in the office job. The weekly volume of health and sports physical activity is significantly (p<0.01) higher in female undergraduate students. The data on the volume of regular daily movement in female groups do not differ significantly. The results of fitness testing showed an insufficient level of physical fitness of female students of both groups. BMI results of female students are normal. A significant lack of the total volume of physical activity of students of both groups in comparison with the IPAQ data of female students of some European countries was revealed. Increasing the total amount of physical activity and improving the quality of physical activity is recommended.

97-101

Authors: Mohamad Nasrullah Nasiruddin, Mohd Norakmar Omar, Mohd Sofian Omar-Fauzee

Malaysia has taken a rigorous approach to improving the quality and performance of its football teams. To match the strength of world-class football teams, the nation has taken a strategic approach by developing players’ potential through the grassroots level. These players are brought together in sports schools across the country and trained by experienced coaches to showcase their talents, potentials, skills, and performance. Therefore, this study identifies the relationship between coach leadership style and the motivation of football players in sports schools. Furthermore, the study explores the dimensions of coach leadership style that have a high impact on improving player motivation. In this regard, a total of 313 footballers participating in the under-14 football tournament organized by the ministry of education and the national football development programme (NFDP) from sports schools across Malaysia surveyed as respondents. The findings show that there is a moderate positive relationship between coach leadership style and football players’ motivation. Dimensions such as democratic and social consideration have a significant impact on increasing football players’ motivation in sports schools. In conclusion, the football coach is the most crucial person in ensuring the motivation of football players at a high level. They have to use all of their existing skills to build a strong, motivated team and never tire of it when facing tough moments in the game.

109-113

Authors: Maria Ruberto, Vincenzo Monda, Francesco Precenzano, Girolamo Di Maio, Antonietta Messina, Valentina Lanzara, Eugenio Merolla, Nicola Tartaglia, Antonio Ambrosi, Marcellino Monda, Cristian V. Francavilla, Giovanni Messina, Fiorenzo Moscatelli

One-third of patients with epilepsy do not respond to antiepileptic drugs and may seek complementary and alternative treatment modalities. Dietary therapies, such as the ketogenic diet (KD), the modified Atkins diet, as well as the medium-chain triglyceride and the low glycaemic index diets, have been successfully implemented with some forms of epilepsy and are growing in utilization. The KD is a high-fat, low-protein, low-carbohydrate diet that has been used for various conditions for over a century. Insights into the mechanism of action of these diets may provide more targeted interventions for patients with epilepsy. Knowledge of these mechanisms is growing and includes neuroprotective effects on oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, potassium channels in the brain, and mitochondrial function. In this review, we explain the role of physical exercise and the ketogenic diet on epilepsy.

119-121

Authors: Gopal Kumar, Rohit Kumar Thapa

This study aimed to compare the influence of ball type on three-point shooting in university basketball players. Forty university basketball players were selected for the study (Mean±SD; for male subjects: age 22±1.3 years; height 1.68±0.85 m; body mass 66.4±7.1 kg; fat 10.3±2.28% and for female subjects: age 20±1.6 years; height 1.36±0.88 m; body mass 62.4±6.9 kg; fat 11.6±3.48%). A 2×3 repeated measures ANOVA revealed a significant main effect in score with ball type (F(2,76)=48.37, p<0.001, partial eta squared=0.56). Further analysis with post hoc testing revealed significant differences between synthetic and leather ball (p<0.001, d=1.27), and rubber and leather balls (p<0.001, d=1.48). No significant interaction effect of gender and ball type was found (p=0.706, partial eta squared=0.009). An independent t-test found no significant differences in three-point scores between male and female players in any ball type.

9-15

Authors: Stevo Popovic

This research study had two main goals; the first was to compare consumers’ attitudes towards advertising in general and attitudes towards advertising through sport, while the second was to verify the association of beliefs about and attitudes towards advertising through sport. The data was collected from 173 randomly selected students (male: 75; female: 98) who attended Middle East Technical University in Ankara. The questionnaire contained eight socio-demographic items and 39 items that were related to attitudes and beliefs about advertising through sport. A factor analysis was carried out to select the most influential item of each construct, and a Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test was used to compare attitudes toward advertising in general and advertising through sport, while the Optimal Scaling Method was used to discover whether beliefs about the influence of consumer’s attitudes toward advertising through sport that have been more positive than their attitudes toward advertising in general. This analysis confirmed that consumers’ attitudes towards advertising through sport were significantly more positive than advertising in general, while some beliefs (social role and image, hedonism/pleasure and annoyance/irritation) significantly influenced Turkish consumers’ attitudes towards advertising through sport.

23-28

Authors: Javad Sarvestan, Mahdi Cheraghi, Elham Shirzad, Zdenek Svoboda

Force-Time (F-T) curve variables of the vertical jump are known as contributing factors in jumping height. Experience-related differences might also have impacts on kinetic and kinematic outputs of athletes’ jump. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between F-T curve variables with jump height (JH) and observe the differences between elite and collegiate basketball players. With institutional ethics approval, 12 elites (24.3±5.9 years, 195.4±23.1 cm, 89.1±15.2 kg, 13.6±2.3 years’ experience) and 12 collegiate (21.6±2.5 years, 183.2±6.1 cm, 75.3±9.5 kg, 9.1±1.8 years’ experience) male basketball players participated in this study. Correlation between F-T variables -included time, force, velocity, power and modified reactive strength (MRSI) - in the eccentric and concentric phases and JH was studied. Outcomes portrayed that concentric Relative Peak Force (r=0.71), Relative Peak Power (r=0.83), Peak Velocity (r=0.99) and MRSI (r=0.71) in elite players, and concentric Relative Peak Force (r=0.79), Average Power (r=65), Relative Peak Power (r=0.81), Peak Velocity (r=0.98) and MRSI (r=0.83) in collegiate players were significantly correlated with JH. Absolute and relative measures of power and force are shown to have a vital role in jump performance of basketball players. MRSI, which is defined as an explosiveness measurement in athletes, could be accounted as of jump performance criteria. Focusing on selected factors described above in training programs could enhance athlete jump performance, particularly in basketball society.

35-39

Authors: Marijo Moznik, Marijo Bakovic, Hrvoje Ajman

During a bungee jump, numerous physiological responses occur in the body of a jumper, such as mild dizziness, increased sweating, and rapid breathing. The aim of this study was to determine the changes in the physiological parameters of subjects before, immediately before and after the first bungee jump, by monitoring the heart rate, blood pressure and perception of fear. Subject sample was formed by 17 students of the Faculty of Kinesiology from Zagreb, who did not have experience with bungee jumps until the beginning of the research. The sample of variables was made of the values of heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and perception of fear. The results indicated that prior to the jump, the heart rate and blood pressure values were within the limits of normal values and the perception of fear was very small. Immediately before the jump, the heart rate and blood pressure increased and the perception of fear increased significantly. After the jump, there was a normalization of the heart rate, blood pressure, and reduced perception of fear. The results of this study suggest that there are many physiological reactions in the human body happening during high-adrenaline activities.

47-52

Authors: Abu-Alim Mariam, Hatamelh Mazin

The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between physical activity levels and the type of barriers of engaging in physical activity and exercise depending on working experience years among women who have sedentary long hours jobs. Participants of this study were (101) female workers (M=36.6, SD=6.2 years) who were recruited randomly from (Yarmouk University, Irbid Jordan). Participants were grouped according to years of working experience: less than 5 years (n=34), 5-9 years (n=32), more than 10 years (n=35). Current exercise levels and perceived barriers to physical activity were assessed by the Arabic short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and the Barriers to Being Active Quiz of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) questionnaire. Results: No significant differences were observed between years of experience and type of barriers. Whereas, the results of this study showed that the physical activity and exercise barrier among all participants where the lack of energy (M=6.1, SD=1.7), followed by lack of time barrier (M=5.9, SD=1.8). The findings of this study suggest that working women despite their working experience have similar physical activity and exercising barriers, that might benefit from interventions and strategies to overcome barriers by enhancing physical activity and exercise during working hours.

59-62

Authors: Petra Pacesova, Pavel Smela, Branislav Antala

The aim of the paper is to identify the level of male’s well-being and anxiety trait regarding their level of sport activity. The research group consists of 86 males (20.40±1.08 years; n: 29 recreational athletes, 21 elite athletes, 36 nonathletes). We used the BDP questionnaire to determine the level of male’s wellbeing and STAI questionnaire to determine the level of anxiety trait. We used the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test to test the normality of the data and Kruskal-Wallis test, with post-hoc Mann-Whitney U-test to test the differences between the samples. We have noticed a difference in level of well-being as well as the anxiety trait. Pair comparison of groups have showed a significant difference in level of physical problems between recreational and elite athletes. We have also noticed a difference in the level of positive attitude towards life, self-esteem, and depressive mood between recreational athletes and nonathletes. Differences were also observed between elite athletes and nonathletes – in the level of both positive dimensions of well-being and in the level of physical problems and depressive mood as well. The difference in the level of anxiety trait was noticed only between recreational athletes and nonathletes.

69-74

Authors: Chulhwan Choi, Chul-Ho Bum

Since the concentration of fine dust concentration in the atmosphere is rapidly increasing, recently to severe levels, and it has a fatal effect on human health, a change in people’s awareness of outdoor physical activities is necessary. Nevertheless, people still take part in outdoor physical activities, even on days when a fine dust risk alert is issued, which shows that people’s awareness of the danger of fine dust to their health is still lacking. This study used 341 surveys that was conducted to analyze and compare people’s motives for participation in physical activities in relation to the fine dust level. After an exploratory factor analysis and reliability analysis using SPSS 23.0, the level of fine dust concentration in the atmosphere was divided into “dangerous” and “normal,” while the respondents to the survey were divided into a “with fine dust group” and a “without fine dust group.” People’s participation motives were compared and analyzed by using a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). People who participated in outdoor physical activities on days with a severe fine dust concentration showed higher scores for the motives of Competition, Appearance, Physical Condition, and Mastery, while those who participate in outdoor physical activities on days without a find dust alert showed higher scores for the motive of Psychological Condition. Countermeasures against the danger of fine dust that are more effective should be established by analyzing the motives of people who participate in outdoor physical activities despite the dangerous level of fine dust concentration in the atmosphere.

81-85

Authors: Filomena Mazzeo, Valeria Di Onofrio

Sport activity, must be directed to the promotion of individual and collective health. Thus, there is no doubt that drugs and pharmacological nutriment have been used by sportsmen and women to improve his physical performance. Doping is defined as “use of substances or adoption of medical practices not justified by pathological conditions, aimed at improving competitive performance”. It occurs not only in professional sport, but also affects amateur athletes. The effects of the abuse of add-on substances or the intake of substances that alter the outcome of the competition are in the educational interest of the school and it is a problem concerning not only sports ethics, but also public health. Over time, doping has shown a great ability to discover and always use new substances and appropriated the new scientific discoveries. Unfortunately, new discoveries for the human health are been used in distorted way by the athletes. In fact, the athletes may be able to use gene therapy to re-engineer their bodies for better performances. Drugs dependence depends on several factors: the socio-environmental context of the subject and what effects have the substance in the body. The purpose of the study was to reviewed the use of performance-enhancing drugs in sport in relating to the protection of the healh of athletes. We focus our analysis on pharmacological and epidemiological issue.

93-97

Authors: Volodymyr Klymovych, Mukola Korchagin, Oleh Olkhovyі, Serhii Romanchuk, Artur Oderov

In terms of functioning of physical education system in higher educational establishments, a four-year educational pedagogical experiment with the application of the directional technology of acquiring professional-applied motor skills was implemented. According to the results of approbation of experimental technology, a reliable improvement in the state of psychophysiological qualities was recorded in the study group: evaluation of the process of main nervous processes excitation - by 125.32 Ms (p<0.001), the forces of the excitation process, internal inhibition and mobility of the main nervous processes - by 145.99 Ms (p<0.001), “an adequate indicator of the relative change in the strength of the excitation process, internal inhibition and mobility of the main nervous processes” - by 20.66 Ms (p<0.001).

103-106

Authors: Cevdet Tinazci, Samir EAlrefai, Oytun Musa

This study aims to evaluate Physical Activity (PA) among undergraduate students. Physical activity is associated with many physical and psychological health benefits, both in the prevention of ill, health and the management of existing health conditions and a strong relationship between being physically active and good health.The researchers used the descriptive approach to study 515 undergraduate students from the University of Tripoli in Libya. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) short version was used to identify the physical activity levels among the participants. Higher prevalence of physical activity was found in moderate intensity which reached 18.49 minutes per day during the average of 3.69 days, while the High intensity PA category was only 9.38 minutes per day during the average of 1.54 days per week, participants were reached 28.02 minutes as an average time of walking with the average of 4.05 days of the week. The results of the study, indicated that all the students of the sample achieved moderate PA rates (18.49 minutes per day), which was higher than the rate of high intensity physical activity that was only (9.38minutes per day). Thus these results indicate that the sample did not reach the WHO recommendations toward physical activity and health even when combining the high moderate and high physical activity levels that achieved during the week.

111-114

Authors: Soetanto Hartono, Achmad Widodo, Himawan Wismanadi, Gulbuldin Hikmatyar

The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of rolling massage, massage, and ice bath on lactate removal and delayed onset muscle soreness. Thirty students of Faculty of Sport Sciences of third semester were randomly selected and assigned to three groups, roller massage, massage, and ice bath group. All groups were doing Running-based Anaerobic Sprint Test (RAST) after 10 minute warm up. Eight minutes after RAST, all students were examined their blood lactate using blood lactate analyzer. The roller massage group was treated using foam roller for 5 minutes, , the massage group was massaged for 5 minutes, the ice bath group were put in 10 degree cold water for 5 minutes, then their blood lactate were reexamined. The normality test of roller massage is .022, and homogeinity test p=.133, so the data was analized using nonparametric Kruskal Wallis. Contrary to results of other studies, lactate removal tends to be the most effective in ice bath treatment (17.40) compared with massage treatment (16.65), and roller massage (12.45), and reduction in Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS) tends to be most effective in ice bath treatment (12.25) compared with massage treatment (13.95), and roller massage (20.30) eventhough non significant (p=.399). Vasoconstriction effect of ice bath made a faster lactate removal, physique trait also might have an effect. Cooling effect of ice bath has an effective analgetic effect.

9-14

Authors: Bojan Masanovic, Tonci Bavcevic, Ivana Bavcevic

The purpose of this study was to describe anthropometric characteristics and body composition of junior soccer and volleyball players from the Serbian National League as well as to make a comparison between them. Seventy-one male athletes were enrolled in this study, divided into three groups: twenty-five soccer players, fourteen volleyball players and thirty-two healthy sedentary subjects. All subjects were assessed for anthropometric measures required for the calculation of body composition variables, using standardized procedures recommended by previous studies. Data was analysed using SPSS and the descriptive statistics were expressed as a mean (SD) for each variable, while the ANOVA and the LSD Post Hoc tests were carried out to detect effects of each type of sport. The results showed that a significant difference was found in variables height, weight, and body fat, but no significant difference was found in the remaining three variables, body mass index, muscle mass or bone content. Volleyball players were significantly taller and heavier than soccer players or subjects from the control group, while there was no significant difference between height and weight of soccer players and subjects from the control group. Subjects from the control group had significantly higher percentage of body fat than both soccer and volleyball players. Soccer players had the lowest percentage of body fat, while subjects from the control group had the highest values of the same variable. Therefore, these findings may give coaches from the region better working knowledge and suggest to them to follow recent selection process methods and to be more careful during the process of talent identification.

23-28

Authors: Filippou Filippos, Tsitskari Efi, Bebetsos Evangelos, Goulimaris Dimitris

The study’s aim was to cross-validate the “Behavioral Regulation in Sport Questionnaire” (BRSQ), of Lonsdale and his co-authors (2008) in a Greek dance context. The sample consisted of 390 dancers, 249 coming from folk dance groups and 141 from non-folkdance groups. The scale was translated into Greek using the back-translation procedure. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were checked by performing a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and an internal consistency analysis using Cronbach’s alpha. Descriptive statistics were calculated to broadly examine the participation motives and Independent samples t-test calculated the differences in the participants’ motives according to the kind of dance they chose to participate in. The Greek version of BRSQ showed stable psychometric properties. Intrinsic motivation is highly evaluated by both traditional and modern/classic dance participants, though the participants of different types of dances statistically different evaluate some of their intrinsic and extrinsic motives of participation.

33-37

Authors: Kenioua Mouloud

The aim of the study was to examine and describe the level of state anxiety among football players according different playing positions. The research group consisted 61 male youth football players (goalkeepers, defenders, midfielders and (forwards) attackers) of age ranged from 16 to 19, from Fanzeres Academy -city of Porto Portugal-The subjects were randomly selected and were categorized by their playing positions. The Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2) was used to collect data, sport-specific state anxiety scale, the CSAI-2 was developed to Portuguese version. Descriptive statistics, kruskal-wallis Test and spearman’s correlation analysis were used to calculate data. The results showed that there was above moderate level of state anxiety among youth football players and no significant difference in state anxiety among youth football players according playing positions. It is essential that coaches and sport psychologists develop strategies to identify the state anxiety of youth football players in order to enhance their performance.

45-49

Authors: Fitim Arifi, Dusko Bjelica, Bojan Masanovic

The aim of this study was to obtain the relevant knowledge about significant differences in some anthropometric characteristics of junior soccer and handball players. The sample included 40 male subjects divided into two subsamples. The first subsample included 25 subjects, who train in the junior selection in the Football club Vojvodina from Novi Sad, while the other subsample included 15 subjects who train in the junior selection in the Handball club Vrbas, from Vrbas. The variables sample included 20 anthropometric measures that defined longitudinal and transversal dimensionality of skeleton, volume and mass of the body, and subcutaneous adipose tissue. The results is analysed in a statistical procedure marked as a significance testing of two arithmetic means of the independent samples, a t-test at the level of significance of p<0.05. Based on the result, it was concluded that significant differences occur in wrist diameter, ankle joint diameter, upper arm circumference (min), upper arm circumference (max), lower leg circumference (max), upper arm skinfolf, lower arm skinfold, thigh skinfold, calf skinfold, chest skinfold and abdomen skinfold, while the significant difference does not occur in body height, bodyweight, elbow diameter, knee diameter, lower arm circumference (min), lower arm circumference (max), upper leg circumference (min), upper leg circumference (max), and lower leg circumference (min).

55-60

Authors: Pietro Montesano, Filomena Mazzeo

Obesity is known to be a major risk of whole range of cardio vascular, metabolic and respiratory disorders. The etiology of obesity can be genetic, hormonal and determine the central obesity (or visceral or android). It is characterized by the deposit of fat especially abdominal and recognizable by a waist-hip ratio of more than 0.85 in women and 0.95 in ‘man, and the peripheral (or subcutaneous or gynoid) that shows a ratio of less than 0.85 in women and 0.95 in men. The research was carried out in order to monitor and improve the correct use of the respiratory function of obese adolescents by developing a sports program aimed at reducing body weight and enhancing motor skills on 60 subjects (30 males and 30 females) aged between 14 and 16 years for a period of eight months. Results showed a reduction in body weight for almost all participants. For 26 subjects, the reduction was around 10%, while for others it was around 8%. Only 8 subjects did not significantly change their weight. The improvement of the motor program, on average, was about 9.5%. The phenomenon of obesity is often one of the factors of discomfort conditions in adolescence that slows down the process of social inclusion and highlights “paramorhism” that has negative effect on the respiratory function. Sport is one of the most important activities to combat the problem of weight gain because, through the rules of sports disciplines, it favors the acquisition of correct lifestyles.

69-73

Authors: Filomena Mazzeo, Stefania Santamaria, Pietro Montesano

In last years, there has been a multitude of studies on doping, such as in recreational and in amateur sport. The extent of this phenomenon was clarified for special populations (like e.g. bodybuilders) and for special substances (mostly for anabolic steroids). Doping is present in sportsmen and women; the reasons why may be many and various. The aim of this study is to discover the gender disparity of drugs addiction as doping practice and breakdown by sport bodies and gender. The data show the anti-doping test took place on Italian professional athletes during the last years: from 2007 to 2017. Data showed are originated from the report commissioned by the Italian Ministry of Health. About checked doped athletes there are significant gender differences in doping attitude and/or in doping profiling. First of all, males seem to be more exposed to doping than females. The prohibited substances most frequently used by females athletes are diuretics and masking agents (10 athletes in 2014), cannabinoids (5 in 2007) and stimulants (5 in 2011) compared to males athletes who use mostly anabolic agents (27 in 2017), cannabinoids (20 in 2012) and diuretics and masking agents (17 in 2011 e 2014). The addiction of doping substances, depends on various factors related to gender, but what drives men and women is the sense of gratification and ego orientation. Nowadays a significant number of women joined official and Olympic competitions. Doping to enhance female sport performances took importance from the two last decades of the past century.

79-82

Authors: Tiziana D’Isanto, Francesca D’Elia, Gaetano Raiola and Gaetano Altavilla

Sport evaluation is a fundamental moment in the training process of every athlete, every team and is an indispensable support for the coach. The aims and all the aspects related to the assessment, will be taken into consideration, together to that can have a positive effect on performance, allowing each athlete, team and coach a good workout or match, whatever their competitive level. The approach is argumentative theoretical for the part relating at the training theory. Firstly, summarizing and deducting the scientific idea of research and of apply it in the practices of measurement and evaluation of the sport performance. One of the topics investigated is the relationship between genetic factors and training factors, in determining the performance of an athlete. The athlete’s evaluation process should be useful in setting up and controlling the training and providing information to improve sport performance.

87-90

Authors: Arijana Lllagjevic-Govori, Enver Tahiraj, Ardit Gashi, Dardan Llagjaj

The purpose of this work is the information about the hierarchical (structural) organizing of football school ”2 Korriku”, and doing it more clearly and effective we used SWOT analyze which presents in details the current situation, positive performances (achievements) the negative ones, possibilities and risks that is the characteristic of this analyze. In the context of this problem not only the analyze of SWOT clarifies everything about the activities, the school itself, but also the purpose of it, adequate insurance of every subtlety in details of the school, staff, volunteers activity, time, date, place and participants where this football school “2 Korriku” activity is taking place. Football school`s coachers “2 Korriku” that are doing their professional and educative job in the advancement of this school, we have used this analyze, where we notified the staff and the coachers in advance about this analyze, who then they gave their opinions in the charts which we present in our work. From these recommendations that we presen below, this school is in a good way of organizing, establishing financial stability, infrastructural and the professional one, based to some other investments that are done, and in the future they are planning to do more, so to accomplish all of these, it`s good to manage them in time by rational use from the management to the coacher of age groups. So the activity of other football schools should be based on football school “2 Korriku” as a model, because to those who are interested, and to the other coaches would be useful based on the results that this educational and sport institution has,where these results will be evident later, whether they are in education, courtesy, donations-sponsorship, infrastructure and afterwards in formation of players.

93-95

Authors: Andjela Jaksic-Stojanovic, Marija Jankovic, Neven Seric

The contemporary development of tourism is characterized by the development of specific forms of tourism, among which is sports tourism. Tourism and sport are two forms of interconnected activities in the sphere of tourist recreation and their relationship dates back to the very beginning of their development. Sport in modern tourism has not only a perceptive role, but it is also an important content of the stay in which tourists become active participants of various sports: water sports, tennis, golf, skiing, riding, sports games, etc. Having on mind the potential of Montenegro for tourism development, the fact that it represents one of the main pillars of economic progress of the country, as well as the trends and perspectives on global tourist market, it is necessary to identify key advantages and disadvantages of sports tourism in Montenegro in order to improve the quality of this segment of tourist offer.

101-103

Authors: Stevo Popovic

The research question in this paper was set in order to answer the question of who is playing for the national football team of Montenegro, whether "modern Montenegrins" or "ethnic Montenegrins", that is, to try to explain in a practical way how the inhabitants of Montenegro should experience the nation, and how ethnicity. By analysing the current circumstances, it has been determined that for the national football team of Montenegro exclusively inhabitants can play, that is the citizens of Montenegro, regardless of their ethnicity, religion or some third affiliation at a lower level of value while ethnic Montenegrins from Diaspora cannot play for the national football team of Montenegro because they do not hold Montenegrin citizenship. Therefore, it is not difficult to conclude that only members of one nation can play for a national football team, and in the Montenegrin case, they are inhabitants, that is, citizens of Montenegro.

9-14

Authors: Ozlem Kilic, Ahmet Alptekin, Fatma Unver, Eylem Celik, Semih Akkaya

The aim of this study was to examine the differences of landing phase biomechanics between the players who had anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction and healthy participants during single leg drop vertical jump. In this study, 11 soccer players who had anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (aged 23.0±3.6 years, height 177±5.0 cm, weight 83.8±11.7 kg) and 9 healthy soccer players( aged 22.2±2.4 years, height 178±3.0 cm, weight 74.3±6.1 kg) participated voluntarily. During the data collection phase three high speed cameras synchronized to each other and force plate were used. Visual analysis programme and MATLAB were used to calculate kinetic and kinematic variables. Landing techniques of the subjects’ were examined by flexion angle of knee, ground reaction force and moment parameters. The statistical analyses of the measured results were performed by t-test and Pearson Correlation analysis. According to the results, it was determined that peak vertical ground reaction force exhibited significant phase differences (p=0.00, and p=0.00, respectively) between the groups. Obtained results can be explained with “quadriceps avoidance” motion pattern which is characterized by decreased quadriceps activity and lower external knee flexion moment in an effort to control anterior translation of the tibia in subjects with ACL reconstruction. A better understanding of the different phases during single-leg landings can shed a light on mechanism of non-contact anterior crucaite ligament injuries therefore future researches should assess how phase differences affect drop vertical jump performance.

21-26

Authors: Marek Kokinda, Martin Jesensky, Robert Kandrac, Daniel Kicura, Milan Turek, Erika Chovanova

The purpose of the study was to assess core stability and to determine age-related differences in the unilaterality of limb movements in hockey players. The sample included 152 hockey players aged 12 to 35 years. Every player performed the upper quarter and the lower quarter Y-balance tests. Performances of players showed high degree of individuality, which was expressed as the composite score. The difference greater than 4 cm in movements performed by a left or right limb indicates imbalance and higher risk of injury. Of 152 players, 27 and 26 players showed a difference higher than 4 cm for the lower quarter and the upper quarter, respectively. Of all age categories, 61% of senior players showed muscle imbalance. This may have been caused by factors present at school age because 52% of U13 players showed imbalance. We conducted statistical analysis to determine differences for each of the directions in relation to limb length. The cross-sectional data have shown non significant differences between age categories studied. For the development of ice hockey players, it is important to eliminate movement imbalance. The results have shown that the category at risk includes the U13 players, who may suffer from movement imbalance in the senior category.

33-38

Authors: Petra Pacesova, Pavel Smela, Stanislav Kracek, Jana Plevkova

The aim of the paper is to identify the level of women’s wellbeing regarding their sport activity, whereby we assume that athletes will have a higher level of wellbeing. The second aim is to determine the relationship between the individual dimensions of wellbeing and the level of state anxiety and trait anxiety. The research group consists of 107 women (20.03±1.47 years), divided into groups based on their sport activity (active 62, inactive 45). We used the standardized BDP questionnaire to determine the level of wellbeing. We used the standardized STAI questionnaire to determine the level of anxiety. We recorded a higher value of personal well-being in the sample of women actively participating in sport activities. In both the samples, we found an indirect relation between positive dimensions of personal well-being and state anxiety (in the case of the sample of women not participating in any sport activity even with trait anxiety). A direct relation between the negative dimensions of wellbeing and the level of state as well as trait anxiety was recorded only in the sample of women not participating in any sport activity. Our results correspond with other findings which suggest that regular sport activity increases the level of women´s personal well-being. In the same time, our results partially correlate with research according to which state anxiety and trait anxiety tends to influence subjective personal well-being negatively. Our findings indicate that sport activity can be a suitable instrument to increase women´s personal well-being.

45-49

Authors: Sami Sermaxhaj, Fitim Arifi, Alaj Iber, Abedin Bahtiri, Jeton Havolli, Suela Sermaxhaj

The repercussion is an essential of the football training, also called “Cool Down”. Static stretching and slow running are typical activities of this section, but in the last few years static stretching has had a great influence on performance functionality and is one of the most debated topics in sports sciences and medicine. The aspiration of this research is to show the impact of recovery associated with static stretching and the agility performance of young football players. This research was conducted between August and November with a sample of 20 players age 12.1±0.3 years (range 11-13 years) separated into two groups- control and experimental. First measurements that have been initiated are body weight 40.6±6.5 kg, height 152.6±6.9 cm and agility performance (Ajax test 5x10 m and zig-zag test with and without ball). Agility was measured with electronic photocells’, with a measurement of .01 sec. Experimental testing proposed that both groups have completed the regular training program, while the experimental group (despite the control group) during the recuperation (cool down) except running, they conveyed out the experimental treatment / static stretching exercises. Each exercise lasts at least 20 seconds. After completing the experimental program members in both groups underwent final measurements. The results that were reached by univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) at initial and final measurements, have shown insignificant statistical values between the control and experimental group in the agility performance.

55-60

Authors: Pavel Smela, Petra Pacesova, Stanislav Kracek, Klaudia Kukurova, Nina Halacova

This paper strives to contribute to performance motivation research and to point out differences in achievement motivation among college students in terms of sports activities. The research sample was comprised of 248 college students (men: n=141, 22.40±1.62 years of age; women: n=107, 21.78±1.49 years of age) from Bratislava. The respondents were divided into 3 groups according to frequency of sports activities: college students who didn’t engage in any sports activities (non-active respondents), college students who engaged in sports activities 1 to 2 times a week (moderately active respondents), and those who engaged in sports activities 3 or more times a week (highly active respondents). A standardized DMV questionnaire consisting of 52 items was used as the research tool. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to assess the normality of data and the Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney tests were used to test the significance of the differences between independent choices. The coefficient η2, expressed the effect of the independent variable (sport activity) on the dependent variable (achievement motivation). The degree of dependence between the two of the groups of features was expressed by means of the coefficient r. The results revealed significant (p≤0.001) differences in all three performance motivation dimensions. The performance motivation of the highly active respondentswas significantly (p=0.000) higher compared to that of the moderately active respondents. Also, when compared with the non-active respondents, the level of performance motivation was significantly (p=0.000) higher among the highly active respondents. Performance motivation and performance-supporting anxiety increases with the frequency of sports activities; on the contrary, performance-hindering anxiety decreases with the frequency of sports activities. Hence, our results testify to the fact that sport activity is one of the determinants for increased performance motivation.

69-72

Authors: Shkurta Rrecaj-Malaj, Adem Hykolli, Shendrit Lumi, Ardiana Murtezani

Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) accounts for 80% of all types of diagnosed scoliosis, occurring in 2%-3% of growing age population. This disorder is quite complicated and physical therapy is important factor in the treatment. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of physical therapy in quality of life in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. This research was conducted in 56 consecutive adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients (32 females and 24 males), aged 10-17 years, Cobb angle 10º-45º, at Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Clinic, University Clinical Center of Kosovo (UCCK), Prishtina, Kosovo, during the period 2016-2017. The physical therapy protocol, including combined Schroth and Pilates exercise were performed during 3 months. The evaluation of Quality of Life (QoL) is done by SRS-22r questionnaire at the beginning and the end of the treatment. Results displayed that supervised combined Schroth and Pilates exercises have provided benefit to the standard of care by improving QoL before and after physical therapy in all components: the mean for function has improved from 3.15 to 3.45, pain from 3.23 to 5.54, self-image from 3.36 to 5.46, mental health from 3.01 to 3.35, and in overall QoL was improved from 3.30 to 3.68. Quality of life was significantly better after physical therapy (p<0.05). The study shows that physical therapy in scoliosis patients achieves good results in daily living life.

77-81

Authors: Marin Corluka, Dusko Bjelica, Ivan Vasiljevic, Marija Bubanja, Georgi Georgiev, Ivan Zeljko

The aim of this research was to determine the differences among the top football players of the two clubs in Bosnia and Herzegovina, HSC Zrinjski Mostar and FC Siroki Brijeg in the morphological characteristics and body composition. A sample of 50 subjects was divided into two sub-samples. The first sub-sample of the subjects consisted of 28 players of HSC Zrinjski Mostar of the average age 24.36±4.14, the champions of the Bosnia and Herzegovina in the season 2016/17, while the other sub-sample consisted of 22 players of FC Siroki Brijeg of the average age of 24.00±6.22, the champions of the Cup of Bosnia and Herzegovina in the season 2016/17. Football players were tested immediately after the end of the competition season 2016/17. Morphological characteristics in the body composition were evaluated by a battery of 11 variables: body height, body weight, body mass index, fat percentage, muscle mass, bone mass, waist size, triceps skinfold, biceps skinfold, back skinfold and abdominal skinfold. The standard central and dispersion parameters of all variables were calculated. The significance of the differences between the players of the top two football clubs in the morphological characteristics and variables for assessing body composition was determined by a t-test for independent samples. It was found that the football players of the two mentioned clubs have statistically significant differences by the three variables that estimate the bone mass, waist circumference and triceps skinfold, in favor of FC Siroki Brijeg.

87-91

Authors: Suncica Rogic, Milena Radonjic, Vladimir Djurisic

Sport financing is of great national importance, having in mind that it’s recognized as an activity of public interest by the Law. Since most of sport organizations in Montenegro are publicly owned, they are dependent on public financing, which are often scarce and insufficient for fulfilling sport’s function in society. Therefore, new sources of financing must be introduced. One of the most common funding systems in Europe includes resources redirected from gambling industry profits – taxed by the government. Even though the idea isn’t exactly new, it’s implemented differently in various countries. This paper analyzes current Montenegrin system of sport financing from this source, compares it to other European countries and provides recommendations for its’ improvement. Taking into account that most gambling revenues come from sport betting, it would be beneficial for the society that most of these incomes find their way back to sport. The research results for Montenegro show considerable lagging behind other European countries in terms of sport funding from taxed gambling profits. With the share of only 14% of funds allocated to sport from this source there is a plenty of room for Montenegro to improve its sport financing system, which would lead to faster sport development. This share is considerably low, compared to neighboring EU countries such as Croatia’s 35% and Slovenia’s 80%. With certain improvements and taking into account other countries good practice examples, Montenegrin sport financing system can be considerably improved.

97-100

Authors: Miomir Maros

In this paper we investigate to which measure sport is developed among young people in Montenegro and what should be done to improve and spread physical culture among young people and beyond school systems in order to influence their proper development and to create opportunities for choosing potential talents for certain sports disciplines, who would later grow into top athletes and members of national teams. In addition to the theoretical framework set out from referent literature on sports, we will analyze the indicators - the existing regulation and strategy, and analyze the structured interviews conducted among sports professionals, based on which we will form the theory and sublimate the conclusions of work, as recommendations for improving sports among young people. Disadvantages are inadequate realization of teaching in schools, lack of adequate infrastructure in schools, lack of athletic stadium in the capital of Montenegro and lack of sports schools beyond classes. Advantages are great sports potential in youth, youth interest in sport and generations of educated professors in physical culture. The recommendations are related to addressing the shortcomings that exist and the adoption of laws that will stimulate the development of sports among young people.

107-111

Authors: Vladimir Hrcek, Ivan Bagľas

Motivation obviously plays a great role in the life of each athlete. The purpose of this paper is to bring out the importance of motivation in sport from the perspective of Self-determination theory (SDT). This theoretical review paper demonstrates the application of Self-determination theory (SDT) in amateur sports environment and professional athletes. Self-determination theory (SDT) postulates assumption that there is one motivational continuum rather than individual types of motivation and that each athlete has the same basic psychological needs that need to be satisfied. Our review is based not only on Self-determination theory (SDT) theory, but also on several studies from different countries and environments. The review is focused on recommendations regarding implementation of specific strategies that could help athletes to improve their internal motivation in order to reach better performance and results.

9-13

Authors: Bojan Masanovic, Jovan Gardasevic, Fitim Arifi

The purpose of this research is to examine standing height in both Kosovan genders in the Eastern Region as well as its association with foot length, as an alternative to estimating standing height. A total of 364 individuals (185 male and 179 female) participated in this research. The anthropometric measurements were taken according to the protocol of ISAK. The relationships between body height and foot length were determined using simple correlation coefficients at a ninety-five percent confidence interval. A comparison of means of standing height and foot length between genders was performed using a t-test. After that a linear regression analysis were carried out to examine extent to which foot length can reliably predict standing height. Results displayed that Eastern Kosovan male are 178.79±6.07 cm tall and have a foot length of 26.03±1.21 cm, while Eastern Kosovan female are 164.60±4.72 cm tall and have a foot length of 23.38±0.94 cm. The results have shown that both genders made Eastern-Kosovans a tall group, but a little bit shorter than general Kosovan population. Moreover, the foot length reliably predicts standing height in both genders; but, not reliably enough as arm span. This study also confirms the necessity for developing separate height models for each region in Kosovo as the results from Eastern-Kosovans don’t correspond to the general values.

21-24

Authors: Jovan Gardasevic, Dusko Bjelica, Marin Corluka

The main aim of the research was to identify a level of quantitative changes of the endurance with U16 football players under the influence of the programmed football training of a six weeks preparation period. The training programme covered forty-four training units. The research was made on a sample of 120 football players U16. To estimate the endurance three tests have been used: Cooper test, Running 15 m long distance for 90 s, and Pin running persistence. In the area of comparative statistics, we used discriminant parametric procedure t-test for big paired samples. It can be concluded that there are statistically significant differences in all three variables to estimate the endurance. This confirmed the hypothesis that the expected significant positive quantitative changes of endurance influenced by the proposed model of training in preparation period with football players U16. The authors were guided by the fact that this kind of training program in preparation period is very effective in terms of raising the endurance level with football players U16. The obtained results can be directed towards innovation plans and programs in the preparation period, and the adaptation of the same needs of the respective population.

29-32

Authors: Izedin Mehmeti, Besim Halilaj

The primary aim of the present study was to explore motivational profiles for physical activity (PA) in current students of secondary schools. The participants of the study were (N=526; males=267 and females=259), 8th grade, and 9th grade students from the four secondary schools in the central and northern part of Kosovo. Data were collected through focus group discussions for students, during the month of May and June 2014/2015 school year, in order to gather qualitative data regarding students’ perceptions of motivation and participation in Physical Education (PE) and extracurricular PA activities. Based on study findings Kosovo schools are not creating supportive and attractive school environment for children and adolescents in doing (PA) and sports in daily basis. Many schools (PE Teachers) make a mistake requiring every child to became an athlete, by suppressing child motivation and enjoyment for sport and creative physical activities. PE and sports module school based should offer the opportunities for different physical activities that people can do for a life time. PE and sports curricula should be focused on giving the opportunity to every child to excel their own skill level, and integrate teaching strategies for “maximum movement for maximum kids”.

37-39

Authors: Jeton Havolli, Abedin Bahtiri, Bujar Begu, Arta Ibrani, Sabri Makolli

Handball is a sport, which requires high physical preparation as well as technical and tactical skills. Being tough sport scrolled with multiple players, it has huge power requirements, as well as a certain level of intelligence for solving of complex situations in the game. The aim of this research was monitoring of some strength parameters. The sample of subjects consists of 14 handball players, members of Handball Club Pristina. Subjects were female, aged 20±2 years old. The measurements were made during the training sessions, in the sports gym where they train, during the 2008/09 season, initial measurement was made in the first micro cycle of preparatory period, while the final measurement was done after the end of the championship.Paired T-test were calculated for in initial and final measurement. The majority of variables have no statistically significant differences, and this should have come as a result of inadequate dosage of training loads and lack of proper training program.

45-47

Authors: Iber Alaj, Fitim Arifi, Zenel Metaj

Sport in the Constitution of the Republic of Kosovo is defined as a special category of social interest and is funded from the budget of the Republic of Kosovo. Subject of this study will be 35 Sports Federations, 867 sports clubs, 67,583 male athletes and 13,458 females. Based on the data of Kosovo Statistical Agency, current condition for sports organizations, clubs, associations, Sports federations as well as sport activities and we will present through the tables underway that will give us a real data for the current condition of the total number of Sports federations, participants in sport activities. For this reason, it is imperative to start with planning and systematic investments in establishing legal infrastructure and structure of sport organizations would be one of the main priorities of the development sports in Kosovo, as another purpose of this paper will be the autonomy of sports and its political neutrality according to international standards, constitutes another priority of the structural organization of organizations or Sports Federations in Kosovo.