Ancient Sumy Land

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Authors: Kukharenko O. O. PhD (philology). Institute of Ethnology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Kharkiv State Academy of Culture (Ukraine). ORCID: 0000-0001-5421-1004

The article is devoted to the construction and study of the structure of the cycle of Ukrainian wedding rites, and it is a kind of continuation of the author’s publications, who uses a structural and functional method to study the national family ritualism. In the course of the study, it turned out that, after the division of rites, there were extra episodes that cannot be attributed to any of the rites in which they occur - neither matchmaking, nor wedding, nor dowry. And since such unaccounted episodes are at the beginning of prewedding, wedding and post-wedding small cycles, the researcher proposes to include them in the prologues of each of these cycles. At the same time, these three prologues should be considered full-fledged rites to give the structure greater harmony and functionality. The correctness of the division of prologues into episodes is checked using five criteria of division: new-level or generalized repetition of the event, material and spiritual metamorphosis of the characters of sacred action, change of sacred chronotope, the principle of constant renewal and change of character of the action. According to the latter criterion, episodes that are adjacent but do not change the nature of the action cannot be considered as individual episodes, but only as variations of the same episode. The prologues created in this way for the three small cycles of the Ukrainian wedding took the first, eighth and fourteenth places in the structure, respectively, and the cycle of fourteen rites increased to seventeen. Two of the three prologues - wedding and post-wedding - have no culminating episodes. The prologue of the pre-wedding cycle is at the same time the general prologue to the whole great cycle of rites. The presence of prologues implies the need to identify epilogues for both the large ritual cycle and each of the small cycles. Such epilogues, according to one version, can be considered the last rites in small cycles - hiltse, komora and perezva. On the other hand, the epilogues may be the final episodes of the said rites, which are after the culmination. This version is supported by the absence of culmination episodes in two of the three prologues. But none of the options is important for the existence and functioning of the structure, because the created structure does not need to be divided into epilogues, and prologues are important from the point of view to include all the available episodes in the ritual action.

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Authors: Chyzhov O. I. PhD (History), Senior Lecturer of the Department of Fine Arts, Musicology and Cultural Studies, Sumy State Pedagogical University named after A. Makarenko (Ukraine). ORCID: 0000- 0003-2141-9903.

The paper analyses the reasons for the genesis, creation history, structural arrangement, fields of work, and problems in the functioning of Sumy Children’s Park “Kazka” from the mid1980s of the 20th century - to the early 21st century. In the study course, it has been concluded that the “Kazka” children’s park appeared in Sumy due to the need to streamline the territory of the city center. The children’s park creation was initiated by the then head of the city A. Lushpa. The prototype for the park in Sumy was the children’s playground “Kazka” in Mykolaiv. In fact, the park creation began in a directive way with the financial burden-shifting for the work execution from budgetary funds to the city enterprises’ funds, which was not uncommon under the Soviet totalitarian regime. At the same time, the children’s park was created in a short time due to the well-coordinated work of many enterprises and organizations in the city, which were helped by thousands of Sumy residents on a voluntary basis. The created park “Kazka” was a unique architectural complex on a fairy-tale topic with diverse cultural and entertainment facilities and offered visitors leisure activities for every taste. The significant amount and variety of park cultural-mass work in the first years of its existence were explained by the help, made on a voluntary basis, from a large number of local institutions and organizations. Because of its uniqueness, the park “Kazka” has become widely known throughout the country. At the same time, the flourishing of the park “Kazka” activities fell in the first years of its existence, which is largely dependent on the specific methods of the institution work organization, being typical of the Soviet economic and political systems. Those systems ceased to function effectively with the fall of the Communist Party regime. At the turn of the 1980s and 1990s, problems began to arise in front of the park due to socio-economic changes in the country. The major of them was the problem of lack of funds. Under market conditions, reliable sources of the park work financing by the city authorities disappeared due to rising prices, a decrease in the population solvency, etc. “Kazka” park’s income from paid services did not allow to resolve the institution’s financial situation. Since the second half of the 1990s, the park began to rapidly decline. Some of the unique architectural objects of the park were lost. In general, city authorities in the 1990s - at the beginning of the 21st century little dealt with the problems of the children’s park “Kazka”, and its restoration in 2003 was caused by the desire to create an eye-catching picture of the city’s improvement in front of the government delegation. This restoration has never been completed.

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Authors: Nesterenko V. A. PhD (History), Assosiate Professor (Ukraine), Sumy State University. ORCID: 0000- 0002-0469-3671.

Review of the monograph: Ancient History of Ukraine. 2nd ed., Supplement. K.: Tempora, 2021. 640 s. [Recenzija na monografiju: Starodavnja istorija Ukrai'ny.2-ge vyd., dopovn. K. : Tempora, 2021. 640 s.]

18-24

Authors: Vlasenko V. M., Kurinnoy A. S.

The lack of the scientific literature concerning Vasyl Vasyliovych Andriyevsky’s participation in the Ukrainian revolution in 1917-1921 in Chernihiv region is stated. His surname (as the leader of such immigrant organizations as Ukrainian Society Prosvita, Ukrainian Community, the Union of Ukrainian Organizations in Yogoslavia) is mentioned in solitary publications about the Ukrainian political immigration in the period between two world wars. The documents and materials of Vasyl Andriyevsky’s archiveinvestigation file used by the authors are kept in the Sectoral State Archive of the Security Service of Ukraine. They are representational and fill the gap in the issue concerning his participation in the revolutionary events in Chernihiv region in 1917-1921. The main directions of Vasyl Andriyevsky’s activities while holding the positions of the commissar in Borzna county and the instructor-organizer of the Ukrainian National Rada in Sosnytsia county are covered. The attention to Vasyl Andriyevsky’s participation in the Ukrainian province (Chernihiv) and county congresses (Borzna, Novgorod-Siversky, Sosnytsia), in relevant Ukrainian committees, in founding the detachments of “Ukrainian free Cossacks” is updated. His work in the institutions that ensured functioning of the Labour Congress in Kyiv is emphasized. Vasyl Andriyevsky’s achievements in the field of creative writing and journalism are characterized. The information concerning his publications on the pages of such periodical issues as “Ohni”, “Mayak”, “Muraveinik” (Kyiv) and “Chernihivska Zemska Hazeta” is mentioned. In the author’s opinion the studies of Vasyl Andriyevsky’s immigration period, participation in the immigrant unifying movement and literature efforts are promising.

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Authors: Vovk O. V.

The article deals with how the memoirs highlight the peculiarities of everyday life of Ukrainian servicemen who were members of Ukrainian military formations in the German armed forces during the Second World War. Ukrainian combatants published a large number of memoirs, which highlighted the reasons that led them to combine their own destiny with service to a foreign country, described the social and construction conditions in which they found themselves, relations between soldiers, the attitude of Germans to Ukrainians, hopes for future Ukrainian revival. . These memoirs are an important source for studying the daily lives of soldiers during World War II. Although the issue of everyday life of Ukrainian soldiers was considered in the works of researchers, it is of secondary importance. Because of this, there is a problem of a more detailed study of the daily life of soldiers who found themselves in various formations of the German armed forces during World War II, and whose activities were not criminalized by the international community. Significant factual material on this issue provides an analysis of the memories of Ukrainian combatants. The publication provides a critical analysis of the memoirs of P. Hrytsak, M. Kalba, V. Ketsun, R. Kolisnyk, T. Krochak, R. Lazurko, K. Malyi, I. Nahaievskyi, E. Pobihushchyi and others. It was found that the memoirs cover in detail the domestic aspects of the service (military training, leisure, material support, cultural life, morale and mood of the soldiers), relations with the German personnel of the units. The authors’ memoirs contain numerous descriptions of the daily life of soldiers during military training, redeployment and participation in hostilities. Eyewitnesses described the soldiers’ equipment, the content of the instructors’ lectures and talks, the arrangement and plan of the camp, the relations between the Ukrainians and the relations with the Germans, and the peculiarities of the soldiers’ leisure. It is important to describe the transformation of the mood of the Ukrainian soldiers of the Division “Galicia”. These sentiments transformed from optimistic to a complete loss of confidence and growing dislike for German uniforms. Studies of this historical issue indicate that the authors of the memoirs describe the predominantly superior attitude of German personnel towards Ukrainians. It is investigated how the memoirs provide information about relations with the local population in the areas where the Ukrainian units were located. The publication highlights how the memoirs characterize the role of the church and priests in the life of Ukrainian units, which consisted not only in the religious and spiritual care of soldiers, but also in everyday life.

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Authors: Lobko N. V. PhD (History), Assosiate Professor (Ukraine), Sumy State University. ORCID: 0000-0002- 3401-7295.

In this article, the author analyzes works on genealogy published in the periodical literature of the Ukrainian diaspora in the mid-to-late 20th – early 21st centuries. Genealogy is a specialized history subject addressing an issue of reconstitution of the past of ancestry, designation of family connections. During the Soviet period, genealogy as science did not develop, although Ukrainian genealogy studies continued thanks to scientists working in emigration. In 1963, they established Ukrainian Genealogical and Heraldry Society. Such scientists as Oleksander Ohloblyn, Viacheslav Seniutovych-Berezhnyi, Antin Kushchynskyi, Luibomyr Vynar worked on problems of Ukrainian genealogy in emigration. Their scientific work was not studied in the Soviet historiography because these scientists were considered “Ukrainian non-Soviet nationalists”. Now, the times have changed, and their scientific heritage draws more and more attention from modern researchers, but the question of the contribution of the Ukrainian diaspora periodic literature to the development of genealogy isn’t covered enough in the historiography. Ukrainian emigrated scientists published the results of their studies in such journals of the Ukrainian diaspora as Ukrainskyi Istoryk, Vyzvolnyi Shliakh, Suchasnist. On the pages of these journals, one can find genealogical explorations, historical and biography projects, autobiographical materials, dedicated to the life and work of various political persons and cultural figures. Such explorations included date and place of birth, names and surnames of parents, parents origin, and all information about the person in the article, as well as information about their spouse and children. The author believes that such interest in genealogical information by emigrated scientists could be explained, firstly, by the desire to preserve the generational bridge and memory about their origin. Secondly, researchers understood that genealogical information often shed light upon deeds and views of the influential personalities of that period. Moreover, genealogy can provide materials helping to find out the role and meaning of family connections and relations in the process of personality development. Comparing the publications of diaspora journals dedicated to various outstanding people to the publications in the Soviet periodical literature, we can make the following conclusions. Diaspora scientists paid more attention to the lineage of a person and tried to bring to the reader’s attention all information. At the same time, it was improper to talk about this in the Soviet Union, as it could result in negative consequences. Having analyzed the genealogical materials, published in the various periodical literature of the Ukrainian diaspora mid-to-late 20th century, the author has made the following conclusions. Ukrainian genealogical research continued thanks to scientists who worked in emigration. In their explorations, they paid attention to the lineage of a person and tried to bring all the information to the attention of the readers. Nevertheless, diaspora scientists weren’t able to conduct profound genealogical studies, because they were distanced from genealogical sources kept in the Soviet archives. For sure, it made the basis of their studies much narrower and that is why these scientists had to process the materials they brought with them or to look for new ones in the local archives and libraries.

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Authors: Rumyantsev O. Y. PhD, Associate Professor of Russian Language and Slavic Studies, University of Palermo (Italy). ORCID: 0000-0002-1348-8645.

The article deals with the activities of E.D.Onatsky (Onac’kyj) in the Kingdom of Italy in the early 30s of the XX century. The Ukrainian researcher, journalist and politician came to Italy as the head of the Press-office of the Ukrainian diplomatic mission in Italy. He carried out scientific, journalistic and politic activities in the interwar period. During this period, Italy changed its foreign strategy: it proposed a Pact of four, became one of the main political players in Europe, signed a cooperation agreement with the USSR. The Ukrainian political activities in this period were under attention of the Italian political police. The active phase of observation was in 1933-1934, when the Soviet authorities openly criticized the development of the Ukrainian activity in Italy. The spies didn’t know the specifics of Ukrainian identity and they usually perceived Onatsky’s figure through the Russian worldview. The economic activity of the Onatskys, who rented rooms to guests arriving from other countries, is becoming another element of suspicion about the figure of the Ukrainian activist. The research is based on the documentation of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Italy, on Onatsky’s diaries and on the results of research carried out by other scientists.

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Authors: Artiukh V. O. PhD (Philosophy), Associate Professor (Ukraine). ORCID: 0000-0003-4119-1571.

The article traces the genesis and specific features of the “Prosvita” fellowship centres’ activity on the territory of the Okhtyrka county (Kharkiv province) during the period of the Ukrainian revolution (1917-1921) and the first years of Soviet authority. Such forms of the fellowship’s activity as establishing the primary education, holding theatrical performances, organizing educational libraries functioning are covered within the article. The national nature of the fellowship’s activity is emphasized. The fact, that the “Prosvita” centres of the Okhtyrka county started their activity right after establishing the Ukrainian Central Rada in Kyiv, is stated. During the UNR period “Prosvita” centres of the Okhtyrka county supported the revolutionary parliament of Ukraine and its policy. Actually, they played the role of the Central Rada’s centres in the region. As for the relationship between the “Prosvita” centres and Bolshevik authority, the following statement is highlighted. During the first half of 1919 the Bolsheviks impeded the development of the “Prosvita” centres and considered the latest to be counterrevolutionary organizations. After Denikin Volunteer Army had occupied the region the repressions against the members of the fellowship intensified. Since the middle of 1920 Bolshevik authorities had been implementing the policy of state controlling the “Prosvita” centres. Due to the county department of public education and Bolshevik political education activities 35 centres of this organization existed on the territory of the Okhtyrka county in 1921. Meanwhile Bolshevik authorities tried to struggle with and close those “Prosvita” centres, which featured the spirit of “Ukrainian chauvinism” and “petliurivshchina”. In 1922 the remains of “Prosvita” centres finally disappeared on the territory of the county, turning into reading houses or village buildings. In the article the author comes to a conclusion that during its short six-year history (1917-1922) the “Prosvita” centres of the Okhtyrka county provided the cultural ascension, which accompanied national-liberation struggle of the Ukrainian people. The “Prosvita” movement laid the main organizational foundation for involving the masses into active participating in those processes.

20-28

Authors: Lobko N. V. PhD (History), Assosiate Professor (Ukraine), Sumy State University. ORCID ID: 0000- 0002-3401-7295.

The article describes the history of emergence of «klirovye vedomosti» churches on the territory of Ukraine, finds out explores their information potential and peculiarities of using them in genealogical researches. «Klirovye vedomosti» are one the most important documentation types of parish record-keeping. Analyzing the archives materials and the published researches on the issue, the author investigates the process of formation and functioning of the clergy record-keeping. Along with legislative base of the emergence of «klirovye vedomosti», the special features of the realization of the law in daily life as well as the change of the form of the source since the XVIII century to the XIX century are retraced. «Klirovye vedomosti» were made up once a year in duplicate a church copy and a consistory one. Due to its systematic, regular keeping, mass character of coverage of the society they are an important source for reconstruction of pedigrees of the clergy. With their help it is possible to know out a family composition, the name, patronymic and surname (if it was designated), age of each member and relations inside the family. The lack of a large time gap allows with their help to determine the time of the marriage, the time of the death and also the quantity of born and deceased children during the period under study. The author considers that «klirovye vedomosti» must be applied first of all when there is not enough initial data to begin a genealogical research, that is exact dates of birth and names of the subject of the search are not know. This document is convenient to use in the case when the bloodline counts considerable number of representatives and has got numerous branching. The information potential of «klirovye vedomosti» gives an opportunity to research study pedigrees of representatives of the clergy.

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Authors: Semashko N. V. postgraduate, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv (Ukraine). ORCID ID: 0000- 0002-0239-3691.

The journalistic works written by Simon Petliura during the period of his political views’ formation (1902-1917) are analyzed in the article. The issues concerning the development of the Ukrainian people’s language, education, science, culture, spirituality were covered on the pages of those publications. The article considers the way S. Petliura’s socialist ideology influenced the methods of solving the national question suggested by him. S. Petliura emphasized the importance of the Ukrainian school, theater, scientific institutions for the further development of the Ukrainian nation. It has been found out that the national component was important for S. Petliura’s worldview paradigm. However, it correlated with the social-democratic views. The article states the fact that during the mentioned stage of his socio-political activities S. Petliura considered the Ukrainian people’s further national development through the prism of social-democratic postulates. The article notes that S.Petliura’s outlook of that period had a religious component which was not typical for the early twentieth century Ukrainian socialists. At the same time S. Petliura set socially determined tasks for the Ukrainian science, art and book publishing. Thus, national issues dominated S. Petliura’s early publications. According to the author, the Ukrainian school, science, literature, theater and journalism should promote the Ukrainians’ national self-consciousness development, awareness of the need to achieve Ukraine’s autonomy within the broader Ukrainian community. The same applied to the workers’ and peasants’ class struggle. In accordance with S. Petliura’s views, the humanitarian component of the social process had to be socially determined to meet the needs of the Ukrainian people’s national revival and the establishment of socialist ideals.

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Authors: Denysenko V. I. PhD (in Philological), PhD student, Zaporizhia National University (Ukraine). ORCID ID: 0000-0003-4317-2884

The research focuses on the relationship between Ukraine and European Union during the first year of Victor Yanukovych presidency. It highlights the attempts of the new Ukrainian government to establish the dialogue with the leaders of EU, including Josй Manuel, President of the European Commission Barroso, Herman Van Rompuy, President of the European Council, Jerzy Buzek, President of the European Parliament, and Catherine Ashton, High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, First Vice President of the European Commission. This was the motive put behind the first international visit of Victor Yanukovych to Brussels, March 1st, 2010. The author proves the idea of keen interest of Ukrainian top authorities to aspire visa-free travel regime with EU, that was supposed to later score more electoral points during the upcoming elections. Still, the terms of Ukraine-EU Association Agreement seemed for the representatives of the Party of Regions too difficult to implement, and, therefore, in their opinion, had limited perspectives. However, in public domain, both President Victor Yanukovych and his political teammates kept consistently demonstrating their commitment to European integration ideas. The Cabinet of Mykola Azarov, basing on the list of eighteen EU reforms, devised their own plan of integration into European legal, economic and information framework. According to this plan, from October 15th, 2010 the administration was to complete the provisions for signing association and the visa liberalization agreements. Ukraine was represented in EU by experienced diplomat Kostiantyn Ieliseyev. The research points out the existing controversies between Ukrainian and European parties in the question of establishing an extensive and far-reaching free trade area. It draws special attention to the progress made in the area of Ukraine-Europe cooperation in the sphere of power industry, endorsement of the law “Fundamentals for Natural Gas Market Development” and Ukraine becoming a member of Energy Community.

21-31

Authors: Vlasenko V. M., Murashko Е. А. PhD (History), Assosiate Professor (Ukraine), Sumy State University. ScopusAuthor ID: 563-3026-3000, ResearcherID: Р-3350-2017, Orcid ID: 0000-0003-2220-2239.

The lack of the scientific literature concerning the Intelligence Service of Romania (Special Information Service) is stated. Only some references to the activities of the Intelligence Service of Romania on the territory of Ukraine are mentioned in the isolated publications. The authors used the documents and materials from Hnat Porokhivsky’s archive-investigative case which is kept in the Sectoral State Archive of the Security Service of Ukraine. The materials mentioned above are representative and fill the gap in the issue concerning the structure of the Special Information Service of Romania and provide a certain indication about its composition. The fact that Hnat Porokhivsky was a colonel of the UNR Army and the leader of the Ukrainian military emigration in Romania is mentioned. Hnat Porokhivsky’s main biographical milestones, his socio-political and military activities are covered. His organizational skills, professional knowledge in the sphere of secret service and counterespionage were used by the Intelligence Service of Romania. Not being the citizen of Romania, he made a valuable contribution into the process of the Romanian secret service development. The Special Information Service had a complicated multi-stage structure with the extensive network of intelligence centres, sub-centres, rezidenturas, agents and support divisions on the territories of both Romania and the Soviet Union on the eve of World War II. Different intelligence units of the Special Information Service of Romania operated on the occupied territories of Ukraine from 1941 to 1944. The central authorities and regional offices heads’ and staff members’ surnames (sometimes pseudonyms) are specified. From the authors’ point of view the most promising studies are those ones of the Intelligence Service of Romania espionage, counterespionage and propagandistic activities, Ukrainian and Russian immigrants’ participation in this process and Special Information Service cooperation with secret services of Germany and Japan.

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Authors: Artiukh V. O. PhD (Philosophy), Associate Professor, Department of Philosophy, Sumy State University (Ukraine)

Within the article an attempt is made to trace the process of creating quasi-religious Taras Shevchenko’s cult on the territory of the Sumy region at the turning point of history for the Ukrainian nation - national liberation struggle during 1917-1921. The fact is admitted that within Taras Shevchenko’s cult the ways of the reality mythical perception manifest distinctly. Its main methods of functioning are identified: celebrating holidays and holding demonstrations, erecting the monuments, naming natural and cultural objects after the Kobzar, using his image in book publishing. Shevchenko’s holiday phenomenon is reconstructed on the example of celebrations in the towns of Sumy and Konotop, also in the villages of Perekopivka and Vedmezhe (Romny county). The point is stressed that erecting the monuments (busts) to Shevchenko and performing sacred rituals of worshipping nearby constitute a symbolic action of forming the sense of collective unity of Ukrainians. As an example, the history of creating the monument to the Kobzar in the town of Romny and the bust in the township of Voronizh is considered. The attention is paid to the precedents of naming after Shevchenko numerous new points of the cultural landscape during the period of reconstructing the symbolic space at the time of the Revolution on the territory of the Sumy region. Specific examples in the sphere of toponymy are cited. The role of “Prosvita” fellowship centres is emphasized. They played the part of either organizers or participants of the majority of commemorative practices for honouring the figure of Shevchenko. Some facts of establishing the book publishing by “Prosvita” fellowship centres in the Sumy region are given. The Kobzar’s figure and creative heritage were often popularized by means of those books and brochures (Konotop, Okhtyrka and Pidlypne). The specificities of Shevchenko’s image interpretation within the Bolshevik ideology are covered in the article. Unlike Ukrainians, who paid more attention to the national character of Shevchenko’s creative heritage, the Bolsheviks underscored its class and revolutionary features. The absence of antagonistic differences and presence of numerous points of agreement in the Kobzar’s image interpretation by “nationalists” and communists should also be emphasized. The conclusion is drawn about the importance of Shevchenko’s cult on the territory of the present day Sumy region for spreading Ukrainian national and Socialist ideologies in broad masses’ consciousness.

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Authors: Mykhailichenko M. A., Kudinov D. V. PhD (History), Senior Lecturer of the chair of State Law and Ukrainian Studies, Sumy National Agrarian University (Ukraine). Dr. (History), Assosiate Professor, Sumy Regional Institute of Postgraduate Pedagogical Education (Ukraine).

The history of formation and the current state of the park monument of landscape art of local importance Volokytynskyi (village Volokytyne in Putyvl raion of Sumy oblast) are researched. The founding of the park monument of landscape art of local importance Volokytinskyi is connected to the name of Andriy Mykhailovych Myklashevskyi (1801-1895). In 1829 he began the construction of his family estate in the village Volokytyne, building a manor house and laying a park. In 1846-1857 a brick, cross-shaped, single-domed Church of the Intercession and a three-tiered bell tower on the western facade were built. The manor was surrounded by a high fence made of crude stone which had two gothic-style gates - entrance gates and socalled Golden Gates. These two gates are the only remains of the architectural structures of the palace and park ensemble which have survived to present days. Due to their historical and artistic value they can become an attractive tourist object. Some of the landmarks of nature are also of tourist interest, including a four-hundred year old two-stem oak, which is a dumb witness of the presence of the future hetman Pavlo Skoropadskyi in the estate. Thus, the architectural complex of the park monument Volokytynskyi has suffered considerable losses, however, in view of the history of the estate and the prominent people associated with it (including hetman Pavlo Skoropadskyi), the park monument of landscape art of local importance Volokytynskyi has the potential not only as an object of ecological tourist recreation, but also of cultural and educational tourism.