Revista Contexto & Saúde

e13336

Authors: Isabel Lombo Vemba Canga, Pedro Vita, Ana Isabel Oliveira, Cláudia Pinho, María Ángeles Castro

Studies on African medicinal plants have been limited to some geographically areas, and even though more than 5400 medicinal plants are recognized and documented, other valuable medicinal plant species have not been studied. Ethnopharmacological studies are important for documenting traditional knowledge associated with the medical use of biodiversity. This study aims to document the use of medicinal plants from the Province of Cuanza Norte (Angola). The field work was conducted from December 2018 to January 2019 and the ethnobotanical data were collected using semi-structured interviews. Informants were selected in accordance with their residence and community recognition as healers. Recorded plants are listed along with their popular name, traditional use, part used, and method of preparation. A total of 131 species of medicinal plants were cited. Mukumbi (Lannea welwitschii), Santa Maria (Chenopodium ambrosioides) and Ditumbata (Boerhavia difusa) were the most cited species. Out of the total plant parts, leaves were the most frequently material used. Regarding the mode of preparation for the medicinal materials, the major form of preparation is maceration, followed by infusion and decoction. The main categories of use were infectious and parasitic diseases (e.g., Malaria); undefined pains and illness; diseases of the digestive system; and endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases (e.g., Diabetes). This study revealed the importance of preserving the ethnobotanical knowledge in order to protect the biodiversity and to discover new therapeutic molecules. A comparison of the results with other studies showed that some of the traditional indications are supported by data from scientific literature.

e13490

Authors: Felipe Micail da Silva Smolski, Iara Denise Endruweit Battisti, Edemar Rotta

Objective: The objective of this article is to verify the situation of the distribution of hospitals, the supply of hospital beds and mechanical ventilation in the municipalities of Functional Region 7 (RF-7) of Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil) and to infer possible socioeconomic impacts of the new Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (Sars-CoV-2) – Coronavirus –, known as Covid-19. Methods: Data from Datasus from May 2020 were used for the availability of hospital access and equipment, IBGE data for age and population distribution. To infer the socioeconomic impacts, the number of coronavirus cases and the number of cases per 100,000 population for the date of July 11, 2020 were used as dependent variables and, for covariables, the information from the 2010 Census of the Demography and Health constructs, Education, Housing, Income, Work and Vulnerability. Results: it is evident that many residents depend on travel to the hospital units, as well as in the smaller municipalities, there is a higher percentage of elderly population in relation to the total population. From the estimated regressions, it can be inferred that the socioeconomic factors associated with the spread of the virus tend to affect, more intensely, the Coredes Celeiro and Missões; and that the Education, Housing, Income and Labor dimensions have variables that directly impact the evolution of the pandemic in the region. Conclusions: the health crisis evidenced by the pandemic imposes challenges to public agents, therefore, to cope with it, strategies are needed that take into account the regional capacity of the health system and local socioeconomic differences, factors that may be stimulating the progress of Covid-19.

e13528

Authors: Ana Luísa Monteiro , Paula Cristina Martins

Over the last few decades, there has been an increase in the prevalence of the diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, as well as of the concomitant therapy with psychostimulants. Research in this area reports the existence of children receiving pharmacological treatment for this disorder without meeting the respective diagnostic criteria, which points to a possible medicalization of the behaviors considered as socially deviant. This study intended to know parents’ perspectives on the children’s problems and explore their role in signaling and seeking treatment. Particular emphasis was placed on their perspectives on the effects of medication, efficacy and long-term impact. With this purpose were interviewed 25 parents whose children had diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and were being medicated for this purpose. Participants were selected using the non-probability sampling methods of convenience and snowball. Most participants identified a set of cognitive, behavioral and emotional problems in children. The results emphasize the role of the school in signaling problems and point out that the pressure exerted by others, the concern with school performance and the lack of control over children’s behavior are the main factors that motivate medical consultation. Regarding the intervention, there was a prioritization of pharmacological treatment by health professionals and a positive perspective from parents about the effectiveness of the medication, regardless of the side effects it produces.

e13314

Authors: Regina Ferreira Alves , José Alberto Gomes Precioso

The problem of the consumption of illicit psychoactive substances by students in Higher Education is not new, since it is in this age group that the highest prevalence of consumption of these substances continues to be registered. In this sense, the aim of this study aims to relate the knowledge, attitudes and consumption of illicit drugs by university students at a public university in northern Portugal. This is a cross-sectional study with a representative sample of 840 university students, stratified according to the scientific area and the year of study. A validated questionnaire survey composed of independent variables was used: sociodemographic, items about knowledge and attitudes towards the consumption of this type of drugs and dependent variables: consumption of illicit drugs (marijuana, cocaine and hallucinogens). The results showed that 22.2% of students used at least one of the illicit drugs listed in the last 12 months, marijuana being the most used. The students surveyed revealed a moderate level of knowledge and agreed that the experimentation with illicit drugs is due to curiosity, the influence of friends and, finally, emotional problems. Knowledge about illicit drugs showed a positive correlation with drug use. The conclusions of this study show the importance of continuing to invest in actions that promote the development of personal and social skills that prevent the influence of peers

e13519

Authors: Vera Lúcia Quinhones Guidolin , Esperanza Suárez Venzant , Edi Branco da Silva , Maria Cristina Pansera-de-Araújo , Eva Teresinha de Oliveira Boff

The elderly have an increased prevalence of non-communicable chronic diseases and disabilities, which require adequate policies for a healthy and quality life. The objective was to develop a proposal for intervention in the health care of the elderly in a municipality in RS. The qualitative-quantitative case study method analyzed the program, in 12 weeks, with 269 users in the area of the Basic Health Unit (UBS). There is a need for health care for the elderly, which does not exist in the unit. Epidemiological data were collected in the registration forms of the Information System in Primary Care of the families. The actions considered four axes: organization and management of the service; monitoring and evaluation; clinical practice and public engagement. This study resulted in new registrations, care for the elderly with the control of chronic diseases, intervention activities, educational actions in health, in comprehensive care with the involvement of the population in intersectoral actions, it is noted that Systemic Arterial Hypertension (SAH), Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and Hypercholesterolemia were the most frequent causes of consultation. Many elderly people, without a health record, were assisted as a spontaneous demand. Rapid multidimensional assessment and examinations were appropriate for 100% of the bedridden elderly or those with mobility problems. Interventions improved the execution of health actions, in the care of the elderly, in all scenarios. The Ministry of Health recommends specific actions for the elderly population, but with little health promotion and disease prevention. A permanent and counter-hegemonic challenge is to ensure universal, constituent and equitable access to the Unified Health System.

e13330

Authors: Vanissia Vendruscolo , Anabela Cruz-Santos , Fabricio Bruno Cardoso

Telerehabilitation is defined as the use of a set of information and communication resources and technologies that enable remote treatment¹. With the advancement of technology of extensive applicability, telerehabilitation can supply or minimize the difficulties in children with Central Auditory Processing Disorder (CAPD). The objective of this study is to compare the performance of children with Central Auditory Processing Disorder through the use of the Cognitive Auditory Training Program-PAC Online, made possible in the face-to-face modality and through telerehabilitation (through a WEB platform built for this purpose), and their contributions to a curriculum adapted to their needs and difficulties. The sample consisted of 23 children between 7 and 9 years of age, with a history of school difficulties, 13 from Group I – telerehabilitation and 10 from Group II – acoustically controlled auditory training in a cabin, in 10 half-hour sessions. The tests used were PSI in the MCI S/R -15 condition, and DD, in the skills of binaural integration and separation. Parents responded to the QFisher questionnaires. The results show the effectiveness of cognitive auditory training through telerehabilitation, with performance equivalent to acoustically controlled neurocognitive auditory training. The platform content is effective for auditory training for both acoustically controlled auditory training and telerehabilitation. The shortening of distances promoted by telerehabilitation favors both people who live in regions without specialist professionals, as well as those who live in large cities, favoring the frequency of auditory training and improving students’ school learning.

e13323

Authors: Andréa Mathes Faustino , Rui Neves

Introduction: Regular physical activity (PA) among the elderly is highly recommended to promote aging. The maintenance of a physically active lifestyle through middle age and old age is associated with better health conditions in old age and greater longevity. Even when PA practice begins at older ages. Objectives: To evaluate the association between the level and recommended time of PA with the sociodemographic and health variables of the elderly in Brazil and Portugal. Methodology: Descriptive and exploratory study, with a quantitative approach. The sample was found by 300 elderly people attending health services, in the cities of Aveiro (Portugal) and Brasília (Brazil), between the months of October 2019 and February 2020. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was applied who assessed the level of PA, in addition to sociodemographic issues and PA practice. For statistical analysis, Student’s t test was used, with a confidence value of p <0.05. Results: The average age was 71-86 years. Differences were observed both in sociodemographic variables and in those that assessed PA. The results were statistically based on age (p <0.001), occupation (p = 0.003), participation in groups (p <0.001), PA level (p <0.001) and PA time (p <0.001). In Brazil (4.7%) in relation to Portugal (46.7%), they did not perform any type of PA in the week they were taken and were thus classified as “sedentary”. In addition, 88% and 91.3%, of the Brazilian and Portuguese elderly, respectively, had some chronic disease. Conclusions: The study identified significant differences between the groups in Aveiro and Brasília, related to some sociodemographic variables and between the “level of PA” and “time of PA”, and in Portugal the level of sedentarism for the superior to Brazil. In parallel, a high number of elderly people with chronic diseases was also observed.

e13316

Authors: Hedi Maria Luft , Neusete Machado Rigo , Manuela Della Valli

This article discusses teaching in relation to health and sexuality based on the National Common Curricular Basis (in portuguese, BNCC), approved in 2017 to guide the restructuring of the curricula of Brazilian schools. Educating for health goes beyond the adoption of healthy practices and educating for sexuality implies facing prejudices rooted in moral and religious principles that become obstacles to human formation based on ethics and freedom. The objective is to analyze how the BNCC is contemplating the themes of health and sexuality in elementary education, in order to problematize the teaching that is necessary to go beyond the biological perspective, towards the cultural and social issues involved in these themes. It is a qualitative study that uses the Content Analysis on the BNCC, constituting a corpus of analysis organized according to the a priori categories: health education and sex education. The results show that health education is present in the general competences and in the skills of three curricular components. The theme of sexuality, on the other hand, appears only in the 8th grade, in science teaching, and only one skill addresses sexuality from cultural and social aspects. The conclusions indicate that the document deals with health with relevance, from the perspective of promoting individual and collective health, while sexuality is limited and restricted, characterized by a biological view. This increases the challenge of teacher training and the construction of contemporary curricula.

e13372

Authors: Lislei Teresinha Preuss , Sherryl Cristina Carvalho

This study aimed to identify the actions of education and health promotion developed by professionals of Primary Care in the city of Ponta Grossa - PR. It is a qualitative research, carried out based on semi-structured interviews and thematic content analysis. Data collection took place from May 2019 to April 2020. The survey included 12 professionals who worked in primary care in that municipality. It is concluded that the professionals of the primary care teams performed, in their majority, actions aimed at the prevention of diseases aimed at specific groups and whose objective was to intervene in changing the lifestyle of individuals. It was also found that health education is a tool used to implement health promotion actions.

e13491

Authors: Daniele Stevanato , Lúcia Pereira Leite , Marianne Ramos Feijó

The Quota Law increased the insertion of people with disabilities (PWD) in the labor market, however, there are many challenges to guarantee the rights of this population. Training and referrals to work are carried out by rehabilitation and social assistance institutions so that the PWD who receive the Continuous Delivery Benefit (CDB) will be included in the work. However, there is a lack of initiative by some PWD and their families, due to misinformation or fear of the loss of CDB. Objectives: to investigate, stress, depression, quality of life and interest in formal work in PWD who are not employed and receive the CDB. Participants: 16 adult beneficiaries. Procedures: individual application of Lipp’s Stress Symptoms Inventory for Adults, Baptist Depression Scale, Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHOQOL-bref) and sociodemographic questionnaire. Results: 75% of the sample presented stress; 37.5% symptomatology for mild or moderate depression; Visual PWD with the worst quality of life indexes for the physical, environment and social relations domains and intellectual PWD with bad indexes in the psychological and social relations domains. Conclusion: stress, depression and quality of life did not represent a limitation for work interest, however, some family members fear the loss of CDB when the issue and insertion in the labor market, as CDB is often the only income received. There is a need for intervention with the PWD and families, with public policies seeking to improve the conditions indicated, through information and encouragement to work.

e13483

Authors: Bruna Felipin Ludvig , Anna Paula Abreu , Mariele Margutti Rosa , Francisco Alberto de Lima Korb , Tainara de Lima Mello , Sandra Leotina Gaube , Silvana Agnolleto Berwanger , Chistiane de Fátima Colet , Eliane Roseli Winkelmann

Introduction: Neurological complications represent an important agent of morbidity in the postoperative period of cardiac surgery. Because it is a complex procedure, it is very important to know the clinical profile to develop measures that reduce the morbidity and mortality rate in cardiac surgeries. Objective: To identify risk factors and clinical data of patients who progressed to stroke in the postoperative period of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) and valve replacement (VT) surgery. Methodology: Cross-sectional, retrospective, analytical and documentary study. Patients aged 18 years or over undergoing CABG and VT with conventional nonpulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) technique were included on an elective basis, from January to December 2017, who survived until hospital discharge and presented as a complication neurologic stroke in the postoperative period. Results: The medical records of 7 patients were analyzed, with a predominance of VT surgery and male gender. The mean age was 68.71 years. They present risk factors for cardiovascular diseases: systemic arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus and sedentary lifestyle, advanced age, ejection fraction above >50%. Laboratory alterations were observed; among which increased glucose and hemoglobin and increased use of noradrenaline. Among the complications, respiratory had the highest prevalence. Conclusion: Although CABG has a different evolution than VT, mainly due to the use of anticoagulants, they presented a similar profile of greater complexity. They presented several risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, as well as a longer duration of mechanical ventilation, greater use of noradrenaline, laboratory alterations and associated postoperative complications, especially respiratory ones.

e13317

Authors: Caroline Moreira Cunha , Janaína Guimarães Venzke , Manuela Mika Jomori

Introduction: Breakfast is one of the main meals of the day, being an important convenience offered in hotels. In addition to contributing positively to a memorable hosting experience, it contributes to the quality and composition of the diet, based on fresh or minimally processed foods. Objective: To evaluate the composition and nutritional quality of breakfast buffets offered in a hotel chain in southern Brazil. Methodology: Descriptive cross-sectional research, the instrument Assessment Quality for Breakfast Buffets – AQCM – was applied in nine hotels categorized in A and B, with the registration of the menus and classification of the foods offered, according to the guidelines of the Food Guide for the Brazilian Population. Results: The breakfast buffets offered options for drinks, cereals, fruits, hot meat products, scrambled eggs, different types of bread, savory and cakes, with approximately sixty different types of food and preparations. In greater quantity, ultra-processed foods were offered, followed by fresh or minimally processed, processed foods and fats and sugars. In category A, a greater variety of fresh or minimally processed foods was offered, due to the greater variety of fruits and natural juices present in the buffet. Conclusion: It is possible to identify the need for improvements in the composition and nutritional quality of breakfasts and the adoption of strategies that promote healthier choices for guests.

e12532

Authors: Isadora Araujo Rodrigues , Alisson Salatiek Ferreira de Freitas , Isabele Taumaturgo Mororó , Antônio Rodrigues Ferreira Júnior , Deborah Pedrosa Moreira , Rosana Gomes de Freitas Menezes Franco

Objective: To understand the perception of deaf women about care in the health system during the prenatal, childbirth and postpartum process. Methodology: A descriptive field study with a qualitative approach, carried out with nine deaf women who were followed up at the health services during the aforementioned periods. Data collection took place through an online platform, recorded in audio and video. To organize the information, thematic analysis is used. Results: The results show that throughout the pregnancy-puerperal cycle there is the presence of a communication barrier, disclosed in the failure to promote care, where these women need a third person as an interlocutor due to the lack of professional interpreters in health institutions. Conclusion: The lack of accessibility for deaf women during care at health services puts them in a position of fragility, in which they become even more vulnerable because they do not receive comprehensive care by health professionals.

e13119

Authors: Gabriela Dominicci de Melo Casacio , Fátima Moustafa Issa , Andréa Ferreira Ouchi França , Reinaldo Antonio Silva-Sobrinho , Adriana Zilly , Rosane Meire Munhak da Silva

The objective of the research was to analyze the care offered by primary care services of a municipality on the international frontier to children with special health care needs, considering their essential attributes. Qualitative study, based on hermeneutic-dialectics and elements of integral care. In-depth interviews were conducted with 19 caregivers of children with special health needs, 11 professio- nals from philanthropic institutions and 15 nurses from the Primary Health Care of Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná State, Brazil. Four main ca- tegories emerged: challenges for access to health for children with health care needs in primary care; deconstruction of the bond and interaction over time; fragility of the integral look for the recognition of problems; (dis)articulation and slowness: obstacles to coordi- nation of care. The lack of public policies aimed at the health of the cross-border population and the fragilities of the essential attribu- tes of primary care undermine comprehensive care and lead to the lack of care for children with special health care needs, especially those who are vulnerable. Therefore, the articulation between the countries that are components of the border and the strengthening of the essential attributes is essential, so that children can achieve comprehensive care and resolutiveness for their health problems.

e12630

Authors: Eva Marco Lima , Gabriel Couto Correa , Matheus de Sousa Fontanelli , Luciano Rogério Guiraldelli , Renata Labronici Bertin , Aurenzo Mocelin , Anderson Zampier Ulbrich

Research has shown that university students who are irregularly physically active exhibit changes in sleep behavior and depressive symptoms. Therefore, the present study purpose to associate the level of physical activity with the occurrence of depressive symptoms, sleepiness, and mood in this population. It is a cross-sectional descriptive study with 75 university students (20.64 ± 2.41 years old) of a course in the health area of a university in the South of Brazil. Participants answered online questionnaires regarding depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory), sleepiness (Epworth), and mood (POMS and BRUMS). Accelerometers measured the level of physical activity of participants for seven days. Statistical analysis included the Student t-test, one-way Anova, Pearson correlation, and linear regression test, considering p < 0.05. The results showed that 28% of participants were considered active, 14% had symptoms suggestive of depression, and 61% reported experiencing sleepiness. Sedentary students were 84% to have severe sleepiness disorders, whereas 73% were more likely to have mood disorders. In the present study, most university students showed sedentary behavior and this was associated with more chances of sleepiness and tension disorder

e12466

Authors: Émilin Dreher de Lima , Carine Raquel Blatt , Rita Catalina Aquino Caregnato

Recording in a clear and orderly way in the patient’s medical record enables communication between the multidisciplinary team and facilitates the continuity of care. The objective of this study was to know the opinion and practice of hospital pharmacists and professors in Pharmacy about the performance and training related to registration/documentation in the patient’s medical record in Brazil. Data collection took place through two electronic questionnaires, directed to pharmacists working in Brazilian hospitals and professors of Pharmacy courses. Forty-seven professors and 248 pharmacists participated in the study. Regarding professors, it was evidenced that: 66% address the theme record in medical records in class with an average workload of 10.55 ±16,14 hours; 42.6% provide students with access to medical records; 100% consider the theme important. Professors who reported more class hours devoted to the topic considered the graduate pharmacist prepared to document in medical records (p-value= <0.05). Among the participating pharmacists: 77.33% have already documented in medical records; 58.06% received formal instruction on the subject; 89.92% stated that pharmacists should document patient care in medical records. Academic background, experience in Clinical Pharmacy, knowledge about legislation and registration methodology were pointed out as determining factors for record in medical records (p-value < 0.05). The pharmacist’s documentation in the patient’s medical record was considered important by pharmacists who teach and work in the hospital area, so research and continuing education on this topic should be encouraged at all levels of professional training.

e12833

Authors: Pietra Margutti , Rosa Maria Zorzan de Paula , Elisangela do Nascimento Gollin , Paulo César Pich

This study aims to understand the meaning of disclosure for patients and their families after receiving it and what involves its implementation in the hospital environment. Study with a qualitative, descriptive and exploratory approach. The population consisted of patients and their families – they received the disclosure – and, by health professionals (Nurses and Doctors) – they performed the disclosure – in a period of two years before data collection. A semi-structured questionnaire with open questions was applied. The results show that it is important, as it demonstrates the hospital’s transparency with them and the search for better quality of care. For health professionals, at the beginning of the implementation of disclosure there was resistance by some, in addition to insecurity due to lack of training. They indicate that after training and correct knowledge of how disclosure works, its implementation took place properly within the patient safety process, becoming a routine practice in the face of moderate, serious and fatal adverse events. To conclude, the relevance of disclosure can be observed, as it promotes transparency among professionals, patients and family members, brings improvements in the quality of health care, encourages notification by professionals, as it addresses a fair culture of accountability.

e10329

Authors: Lidia Lis Tomasi , Nathalia de Morais Rockenbach , Jeferson Nei Gonçalves Maciel , Roberta Gonçalves da Silva , Adriane Schmidt Pasqualoto , Renata Mancopes

Introduction: Studies on quantitative analysis of swallowing are extremely important, however, the parameters of normality are not yet defined in the literature and there are different scales for evaluating the biomechanical phenomena of this function. Investigating the different definitions of the quantitative temporal variables can contribute to a better definition and determination of the times and physiological markers of swallowing for different populations. Objective: To analyze, quantitatively, the oral phase of swallowing of individuals with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Method: 25 clinically stable adult individuals with COPD were included, mean age 65.7 ± 8.9, both genders. The analysis was made from the swallowing video fluoroscopy (VFD). Three blind and trained judges performed the analysis of the quantitative temporal variable Oral Transit Time following the classification proposed by two different authors (TTO and TTOT), as well as the visual-perceptual variables. Dental conservation status was also assessed. Results: TTO of 2.09s for liquid and 1.61s for pasty was observed, and TTOT of 2.34s and 1.84s for liquid and pasty, respectively. TTOs are altered and higher as the severity of COPD increases. For both consistencies, the location of the swallowing trigger occurred in upper anatomical regions. There was no early posterior escape and pharyngeal residue in most patients. Conclusion: There was an alteration in the oral phase of swallowing in individuals with COPD who presented increased TTO and poor dental preservation.