Revista Contexto & Saúde

18-32

Authors: Taís Fátima Soder, Fábia Benetti, Rúbia Garcia Deon, Dionara Simoni Hermes Volkweis, Cenio Back Weyh

Food and Nutrition Education (FNE) represents one of the most important practices and strategies to encourage the incorporation of healthy eating habits of an emancipatory character in the lives of new generations. In this perspective, the study aimed to identify the perception of managers about FNE in the school context. It is a qualitative investigation with a hermeneutic approach. As for the ends, it involves exploratory descriptive research and as for the means, field research. Data were collected through recorded interviews with education secretaries and nutritionists, technicians responsible for school meals (12 respondents) from some municipalities in the Middle and Upper Uruguay / RS. The choice of the sample is considered simple probabilistic and random. Content analysis was chosen as a strategy for discussing the data obtained in the field research. When asked about the perception of FNE at school, respondents highlighted these actions as reflective practices, health promoters, trainers of actors and food autonomy. Regarding what could be done, they highlighted the need for constant encouragement, integrative projects, teacher training on the subject and, also, the importance of FNE work in the family environment. It is concluded that the school presents itself as a favorable environment for the development of problematic, dialogical FNE strategies and, considering the local reality, promoting the need for management and adequate planning of these actions.

45-56

Authors: Maísa de Lima Claro, Luisa Helena de Oliveira Lima, Artemízia Francisca de Sousa, Wolney Lisboa Conde, Luís Eduardo Soares dos Santos, Hengrid Graciely Nascimento Silva, Ana Roberta Vilarouca da Silva

This study aimed to investigate the association between nutritional status and infants’ psychomotor neurodevelopment. It consisted of a cross-sectional study, carried out with children aged 1 month to 23 months and 31 days, living in the municipality of Picos / Piauí, without previous diagnosis of neurodevelopmental delay. The variables investigated were socioeconomic, demographic, as well as anthropometric data by measuring weight and length, for later classification and categorization of failures. The neurodevelopment assessment was performed using the Developmental Milestones contained in the Small Child Welfare Survey Scale. Subsequently, a descriptive statistical analysis was carried out, in addition to performing the Likelihood Ratio, at a significance level of 5% to assess the association between the outcome variable with anthropometric failures. Of the children evaluated, 9.4% had a positive screening for the suspected delay in neuropsychomotor development, with category 3 of the anthropometric failures having the highest prevalence (9.1%). In this work, no statistical association was verified between nutritional status, through the use of anthropometric failures, with delays in child neurodevelopment. Thus, it is concluded that although there was no statistical association, both adopted screening tools proved viable both to assess and to guide interventions, aiming to improve nutritional status and child neurodevelopment and reinforcing the importance of carrying out this monitoring more detailed.

74-83

Authors: Caroline Taiane Thumé, Luana Fioravanti Roland, Fabiana Assmann Poll

Objective: to evaluate the nutritional status and clinical conditions of patients with pressure injury in the in-hospital period, in a teaching hospital in the interior of the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Methodology: cross-sectional study with hospitalized patients aged 18 years or older who have pressure injuries. Demographic data such as age and sex, presence of institutionalization, clinical information, as reason for hospitalization, underlying pathologies, location of pressure injury, and variables of interest for the assessment of nutritional status such as weight and height, generating body mass index, arm circumference, calf circumference and weight loss were collected from the electronic medical records of April to August 2020. Results: the sample of patients with pressure injury was predominantly of elderly (80.49%), female, with pressure injury in the sacrococcygea region, with one to two previous pathologies, followed by three to four, especially cardiovascular diseases, including diabetes mellitus and systemic arterial hypertension. The most prevalent reason for hospitalization was kidney diseases. For adults, the prevalent nutritional status was overweight/obesity, obtained by body mass index. In elderly patients, malnutrition prevailed in all forms of evaluation, and with weight loss. Conclusion: in the clinical and nutritional profile of patients with pressure injury, mostly elderly people, a higher prevalence of two to four comorbidities and nutritional status outside normal weight (by body mass index) was detected, especially malnutrition.

97-105

Authors: Cleidivania Glécia Pereira, Annalu Moreira Aguiar, Rafael de Carvalho Mendes, Ana Emilia Formiga Marques

Over time, various diseases have been suggested, so the pharmaceutical industry has found the need to produce new pharmaceutical products, consequently, there has been an increase in the disposal of these drugs. RDC 222/2018, determines how establishments that provide health services should develop waste management, however this RDC does not cover consumer disposal. Residential disposal is a content that needs to be addressed more, as the act of incorrect disposal has caused a great impact on the environment. The study aims to identify how and where users dispose of residential medicines. This study is an integrative review and aims to address the disposal of residential drugs. Using the descriptors: Disposal of medicines, environmental impact, drug withdrawals, user awareness. The inclusion criteria were articles in Portuguese, published in the period from 2009 to 2019 and that addressed the topic directly and the exclusion criteria were: duplicate articles in the databases, systematic review articles, articles that did not address the specific topic of the work, and which did not include the period from 2009 to 2019 as a search in the VHL and SciELO databases. The search resulted in 119 in the VHL database and 21 in the SciELO database, after which the filters with inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, and a previous reading was carried out, thus resulting in 10 articles in which they addressed the researched topic clearly. The evaluation of the studies shows the need to implement measures to improve the current situation, since most of the population does not receive guidance or has no option to discard medicines that are no longer used.

116-127

Authors: Sara da Silva Khalil, Maria Cristina Soares Rodrigues, Omar Arafat Kdudsi Khalil

Analyze the use of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) in prescriptions for the older adults in a long-term care institution, according to the Beers Criteria 2015. Observational cross-sectional study of medical records of 77 older adults living in a long-term care institution in Goiás, Brazil, on health data and medicines used. The analysis of PIMs was performed through descriptive analyzes. The social and institutionalization profile of the older adults showed a predominance of men, with an average age of 78.8 years and the majority institutionalized for less than 4 years. The most prevalent drugs such as PIM-1 were diazepam, omeprazole and risperidone, such as PIM-2 diazepam, risperidone and citalopram and PIM-3, hydrochlorothiazide and acetylsalicylic acid. Drug prescriptions for the elderly should be centered on individual circumstances and therapeutic goals. Thus, this study contributes to the practice of elderly patient safety using an explicit tool for the analysis of PIMs.

143-155

Authors: Iara da Silva Passos, Maria Caroline Andrade dos Santos, Ana Caroline Silva Santos, Izabel Cristina Pereira Rocha, Elisdete Maria Santos de Jesus, Chiara Erminia da Rocha, Giselle de Carvalho Brito

Objective: To analyze in literature the role of pharmacists in the care of people with atopic dermatitis. Methodology: This is a systematic review study in the Medline / PubMed, LILACS and Web of Science databases, using the descriptors: dermatitis, eczema pharmacist. Will be included articles written in English, Portuguese and Spanish, which are characterized as studies on the role of the pharmacist for people with atopic dermatitis. Results: The research initially identified 923 results in the databases, which after the selection process, only four articles were included in the review. The main services identified were health counseling and education, which had an impact on clinical, humanistic and economic results. The main clinical results were information on the treatment of AD, adequate use of emollients and improved understanding of AD; the economic one, on the other hand, resulted in a decrease in health care expenses; and humanistic, the caregivers were satisfied with the various aspects of the service and were more confident about the treatment. Conclusion: Despite the few studies analyzed, it can be seen that the role of the pharmacist is centralized in the care of patients with AD providing counseling services, health education, contributing with information about the disease, symptoms, pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment and in reducing problems regarding the use of medicines

165-179

Authors: Carlos Alexandre Molena Fernandes, Karine Oltramari, Nelson Nardo Junior, Greice Westphal

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) is a disorder that involves a series of symptoms associated to obesity and metabolic modifications, and increases the risk of developing cardiovascular disease and type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. The study of new possibilities of non-pharmacological strategies is fundamental for the primary prevention of MetSyn. Objective: The aim of this work was to evaluate the responses to the ingestion of flaxseed oil associated or not associated with physical exercise in hypertensive rats (SHR) with lipid changes induced by the administration of dexamethasone (Dexa) regarding the body weight, and glycaemic and lipid profiles, in comparison with the drug treatment with metformin. Methodology: After 24 days of experiment (details at the material and methods session), the 20-week-old animals were submitted to the glucose tolerance test (GTT) and lipid profile evaluation. Results: The results showed that the administration of Dexa in SHR animals promoted a framework of hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia and attenuated the insulin resistance common in the SHR, thus producing an experimental model with several components of the human MetSyn. The effects on weight gain indicated an important preventive action of flaxseed oil and exercise on the weight evolution of SHR-Dexa animals. Furthermore, the ingestion of flaxseed oil associated or not with exercise promoted significant improvements on hyperglycaemia and glucose intolerance in these animals. Regarding the lipid profile, the treatments with flaxseed oil and exercise promoted reductions in triglyceride levels and HDL-c increase. Conclusion: However, the combination of these two non-pharmacological interventions was more effective than the isolated treatments.

192-200

Authors: Raphaela Espanha Corrêa, Rute Estanislava Tolocka

Evidences have shown that Physical Activity (PA) can decrease side effects, such as fatigue and pain, as well as promote increase of muscular endurance, oxygen consumption and quality of life of patients with different phases of cancer treatments. However, studies have demonstrated that patients with cancer diagnosis may show insufficient levels of PA. Therefore, it is necessary to check the profile of such patients. Thus, the aims of this study were to verify the level of physical activity and its association with the characteristics of the patients’ profile. It is a field study that included 247 patients of both sex, above 18 years old any type of cancer. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Ipaq-Bref was used to measure PA and the clinical profile was assessed using a questionnaire. The breast cancer was most common type (32.4%), the mean age was 60.08 ± 13.12 and patients in general have inadequate levels of PA, independent of treatment phase. It was found negative association between age and time of PA (rho=- 0.145, p<0.05), years of diagnosis were associated with the level of PA: less than one year of diagnosis can be a significant predictor of low physical activity level (OR= 28.457; 95% CI 1.706 – 474.589; p= 0.020) and for moderate physical activity level (OR= 29.578; 95% CI 1.409 – 620.746; p= 0.029). Implementation of public policies to spread information and to offer PA programs to patients with cancer are needed, especially in the beginning of the treatment.

214-224

Authors: Giulliane Ramos Londero, Melissa Medeiros Braz

Objective: The survey’s aim is to investigate the use of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) preventive methods by young women who have sex with other women. Methods: Observational research, using cross-sectional and quantitative approach, performed between January and April of 2018. The sample was composed of women aged between 18 and 29 years. To collect all the data, na adapted questionnaire with four fields was used: identification, gynecologic history, personal knowledge about STI contamination and the access to information about sexually transmitted infections preventive methods. Results: The majority of the interviewed (54,5%) report to know some STI prevention methods in sexual relations between women, but don’t use them in their sexual relations. Only 8,9% use some barrier method in their sexual relations without sexual accessories, and 9,8% use some method when there are sexual accessories involved. Conclusion: Women who have sex with women (WSW) know about the STIs contagion risks they are exposed to when having unprotected sex, but still don’t have the habit of using preventive methods. Health professional don’t consider them as a contagion risk group and don’t give them information about how to properly protect themselves and about the importance of embracing the barrier methods as a daily practice.

240-255

Authors: Aline Baldissera Leal, Taís Fim Alberti, Andrea Ad Reginatto

The study aimed to develop an educational technology that would contribute with nursing guidelines for hospitalized newborn family members (NBs). Descriptive and qualitative case study, developed at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (Utin) of the Santa Maria University Hospital (HUSM). Data collection was carried out first through a questionnaire with nurses from the Utin and then through interviews with the mothers of the newborns. From the data collected, an educational video was built, following the methodology of Filatro (2008). Afterwards, he was submitted to an evaluation / validation process by the Center for Permanent Education in Health (Neps) and by nurses of the Utin of the hospital in question. The process included Neps meeting and recorded interviews with the nurses, grouping the speeches into two thematic groups: Content, technical-aesthetic aspects and pedagogical proposal of the educational video and Educational technology as a tool in the Health Education of family members. The evaluators agreed that the video contained all the necessary information and suggestions for improvement, such as which were accepted and included in the final edition. It is concluded, with the validated video, that it has quality to be used with the target audience in the waiting room, leaving a material for institutional use, that will enable a better understanding in relation to hospitalization. In addition, a developed research can point to a method for the development of others materials, mediated by technologies, specifying the humanization in the reception in health institutions.

271-279

Authors: Katieli Santos de Lima, Themis Goretti Moreira Leal de Carvalho, Carine Cristina Callegaro

The objective of this study was to verify the accuracy of the Berlin Questionnaire (BQ) and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESE) to identify obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in individuals with Chronic Heart Failure (CHF). Nineteen individuals with CHF (57.2 ± 6.6 years old, 12 men) were submitted to portable polysomnography. The BQ was used to investigate the risk of OSA and the ESE was used to assess excessive daytime sleepiness. Thirteen patients were diagnosed with OSA (IAH≥15/h) by portable polysomnography, but only three of them had excessive daytime sleepiness. Eleven patients were classified at high risk for OSA by the BQ. This questionnaire shows a sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of 38.4%, 50%, 62.5 and 27.2%, respectively. ESE shows a sensitivity of 25%, a specificity of 100%, a positive predictive values of 100% and negative predictive values of 43.7%. The area under the ROC curve for QB was 0.44 and for ESE was 0.38. Both QB and ESE showed insufficient accuracy to identify OSA in individuals with CHF. In conclusion, BQ and ESE show insufficient accuracy to identify OSA in individuals with CHF. New questionnaires could be developed to screen OSA in patients with heart failure.

290-303

Authors: Suzely Adas Saliba Moimaz, Denise de Toledo Rós, Aryane Kame Tamanaha, Nemre Adas Saliba, Tânia Adas Saliba

The aim of this study were to verify the use of dental care and oral health condition perception of high-risk pregnant women. This cross-sectional, inquiry-type research was performed with 1200 high-risk pregnant women who received prenatal care in a specialized health care reference center, in the period of two years. Women in advanced pregnancy and those who were not able to answer the questions were excluded. The data were analyzed in Epi Info 7.4.1 and Bioestat 5.3 software, at 5% significance level. The most prevalent changes to the classification of high-risk pregnancies were maternal age (39.08%), hypertension (26.90%), and diabetes (10.32). From the total respondents, 40.08% had visited the dental office over 1 year ago, which was associated with age and occupation (p<0.002). Unemployed pregnant women were 2.03 times more likely to use the dental service less than a year ago (p=0,010). From the respondents, 72.17% reported their teeth and gingiva as “fair” or “very poor”, and 75.58% reported having had a toothache. The oral health condition perception was related to age (p=0.0156), level of education (p<0.0001), income (p<0.0001), occupation (p<0.0001), marital status (p<0.0001), and dental care utilization (p<0.0001). It can be concluded that the dental care utilization by high-risk pregnant women was still low, although a portion of the patients reported oral health as “fair” to “very poor”. Maternal age and obesity were the most prevalent conditions for high gestational risk.

324-334

Authors: Daniela Buriol, Maria Denise Schimith, Luiza Camila Jerke, Christiani Andrea Marquesini Rambo, Vivian De Franceschi Brondani, Andiara Luiz Ramos Soares

Objective: to analyze the trend of knowledge production in Dissertations and Theses defended in the Postgraduate Programs in the health area in Brazil about Diabetes Mellitus type 2. Method: this is a narrative review, carried out at the Bank of Theses and Dissertations Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel. A search was carried out in October 2020. Of the studies found, 30 were selected for analysis using the selection criteria. Results: Among the trends of study objects, the following stand out: clinical-epidemiological profile, self-care and educational actions for people with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. As for the clinical epidemiological profile, most were female, elderly, married, with low education and income, hypertension and dyslipidemia were the predominant risk factors. Self-care for the feet was performed correctly. However, life habits were considered difficult to change. Educational actions such as groups and booklets contribute to changes in lifestyle, knowledge about the disease and adherence to treatment. Conclusion: research on Diabetes Mellitus is a priority, in order to help managers and health professionals in the implementation of actions, policies and programs that can guide qualified patients and control the diseases.