Revista Contexto & Saúde

5-9

Authors: Valmir Oliveira Silvino, Regis Bernardo Brandim Gomes, Sérgio Luiz Galan Ribeiro, Davyson de Lima Moreira, Marcos Antonio Pereira dos Santos

Since the first case of Covid-19 reported in late 2019, it has quickly spread throughout the world and became a pandemic. Because of its high transmission rate, Covid-19 is a huge threat to public health worldwide. Fever is a common symptom of patients with severe acute respiratory syndromes (Sars), including Covid-19 disease. Infrared thermography (IT) is widely used to mass-screen the skin temperature of people in crowded places, such as hospitals and airports. This is of importance for patients and health professionals as it drastically decreases the risk of transmission due to the minimal contact between the evaluator and the subject. Infrared thermography strategy has already been widely used for the screening of febrile people during the outbreak of other pandemics such as H1N1 and Ebola. We here describe the potential of IT to identify febrile people who may be infected with COVID-19 and provide recommendations for their monitoring and management during this pandemic based on literature data.

16-21

Authors: Dany Geraldo Kramer, Geraldo Barroso Cavalcanti Junior , Nathalie de Sena Pereira

Hydrochloroquine (HCQ) is an analogue of chloroquine, which was designed for malaria therapy. Over the past few decades has been observed. the potential for application in other pathologies, such as autoimmune diseases, oncology and viral infections. In this sense, HCQ has been investigated for use against coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19), which has infected hundreds of thousands of people and resulted in thousands of deaths worldwide. The objective was to discuss the potential use of HCQ in coronovirus infections. Based on this revision, it was observed that HCQ could inhibit viral replication in vitro due to its accumulation in the lysosome and cell Golgi complex and presenting low cost. However, there is no evidence regarding its effectiveness and there are several adverse reactions and clinical contraindications. In conclusion, randomized, blinded, clinical trials about coronavirus treatments needs to be concluded to provide clinical protocols for Covid-19.

28-33

Authors: Grasiéle Costa Matos , Rosangela Moraes de Campos , Paulo Ricardo Moreira , Michele Ferraz Figueró , Graziela Valle Nicolodi , Rodrigo de Rosso Krug , Kalina Durigon Keller

This study was aimed to evaluate the presence and degree of frailty of patients with chronic renal disease undergoing hemodialysis treatment stratified by sex, age, physical activity and physiotherapy practice. Fragility was evaluated through three questionnaires: Edmonton Frail Scale, Functional Clinical Vulnerability Index-20 (IVCF-20) and Survey of Health Aging and Retirement in Europe (SHARE-FIx). Data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, percent, student’s t-test, Pearson’s Chi-square, Variance Analysis (Anova) and adjusted residue analysis. The sample was composed of 94 patients on hemodialysis treatment. It was possible to identify the presence of fragility in the sample and it showed correlation with gender and age, and with other variables no relation was found. It was concluded that the studied sample presented fragility mainly in the degrees of moderate to severe, and the greater the age, the greater the severity of the fragility. It is suggested that new studies be carried out in order to identify early the fragility syndrome, allowing some preventive intervention and chronic kidney patients.

40-48

Authors: Letícia Hermes , Simone Nicolini de Simoni , Angela Regina Maciel Weinmann , Marcia Keske-Soares

Child development is built on fundamental pillars, also called domains, including motor and language, which gradually emerge from complex cascades of biological and physical interactions. The main of this integrative literature review was to synthesize studies that evaluated some interaction process between gross motor development and oral language components, especially the acquisition of the first speech sounds productions, in a typical developmental process in children from zero to 36 months of age. Through a systematic literature search, six studies published between 2001 and 2015 were synthetically integrated into a critical review. The selected studies do not offer a consensus that can probably be explained by the methodological heterogeneity, especially marked by the limited sample number, diversity of objectives, instruments and methods of analysis, notably marked by the outcome variable being centred on general domain scores, or milestones. punctual. The last one mentioned seems to be more specific in flagging the interaction component that is reflected in the domain as a whole. In this complex interactional process, motor development seems to pave the way for the development of oral language, especially in the first speech productions, favouring a greater exploration of the environment and generating a greater communicative response, especially from parents and caregivers. We suggest further studies that compare developmental milestones in a parallel between the domains, with longitudinal delineation and multivariate analysis, in order to approach the antecedent-consequent relationship that would best explain this interaction process, which is not yet fully elucidated.

57-66

Authors: Renato da Costa Teixeira , Raimunda Silvia Gatti Norte

This article analyzes the process of reorientation of professional training in health. The aim of this study was analyze the impact of the participation in PET-Health programs in the training of physiotherapists, graduates of a public university. It used a qualitative methodology, being interviewed 10 physiotherapists who had participated in the program. The results showed that participants fully experienced the practice of health care, providing a critical view of work processes. On the other hand, weaknesses were verified regarding what is recommended by the current Curricular Guidelines for the physical therapy course. Participation in the PET-Health program occurred as a complementary activity, not articulated to graduation, with the consequence of the difficulty in developing a clear definition of the physiotherapist’s performance in Primary Care. Such results demonstrate the need to rethink training in physiotherapy at the University in order to meet the National Curriculum Guidelines in force and prepare graduates to the job market in the perspective of the principles and guidelines of the Unified Health System, ensuring the quality of individual health care and collective.

78-85

Authors: Elisa Ana Bremm , Vanessa Adelina Casali Bandeira

The objective was to analyze the profile of antidepressant use and presence of depressive symptoms among users of a municipal pharmacy. This is a cross-sectional and quantitative study carried out with users of antidepressants in a public pharmacy in a city in the northwest of Rio Grande do Sul. Data collection was performed using a semi-structures questionnaire on sociodemographic characteristics and health conditions and application of Beck Depression Inventory. 84 users of antidepressants participated in the study, with a mean age of 55.23 ± 13.5 years. Among users, 83% had no symptoms or mild symptoms of depression. Among the sociodemographic characteristics, most were women (73.8%), with a partner (70.2%), incomplete elementary schooling (54.8%) and lived in the countryside (66.7%). Fluoxetine (24.5%) was the most used medication and the time of use of antidepressants had a median of 3 years. No statistical differences were identified between the presence of depressive symptoms and sociodemographic characteristics and health conditions. It is evident that the profile of users of antidepressants is similar to national characteristics with prevalence in women, low education and income. It was found that about 80% of users had no symptoms or mild symptoms, the time of using antidepressants reached 40 years and 16% of the participants used two or more antidepressants

94-100

Authors: Débora Cristina Krauser , Roberta Cattaneo Horn, Gabriela Bonfanti-Azzolin , Regis Augusto Norbert Deuschle , Viviane Cecilia Kessler Nunes Deuschle

Quality control is an important process in drug preparation and should cover all stages of production. Deviations in the quality of a drug can cause various damages to the patient’s health. The Unified Health System (SUS) has free distribution of medicines to the population and the purchase of these medicines is made through bids. In this sense, the objective of this work was to perform physical-chemical quality control tests of tablets dispensed in a Public Pharmacy in a northwestern municipality of Rio Grande do Sul. The following drugs were supplied by the Public Pharmacy: Furosemide 40 mg, Enalapril 10 mg and Propranolol 40 mg. The tests were: physical aspect analysis, average weight, friability, disintegration time and dosing. Furosemide failed the average weight test and passed the other tests. Propranolol, however, failed the dosing assay, being below specifications and approved in the other tests. Enalapril showed compliance in all tests performed. These results demonstrate that drugs can compromise the health of the public system user and stricter inspection criteria should be adopted in the pharmaceutical industries.

113-121

Authors: Thayná Menezes Santos , Keila Fernandes Dourado , Maria Izabel Siqueira de Andrade

This study aimed to verify, based on the literature, the effects of selenium supplementation on the glycemic parameters of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The study is a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials with a search conducted by two researchers from January to May of 2019, with temporal delimitation of the last ten years, in a database such as Pubmed, Bireme and Medline, using the keywords polycystic ovary syndrome, selenium, and insulin resistance. After the search the articles were filtered according to the proposed theme, using the Prisma protocol. Inclusion criteria were: randomized clinical trials with women with PCOS using selenium supplementation, including the Portuguese, Spanish and English languages. Three articles were selected at the end to compose the systematic review and meta-analysis. We applied Kappa index interavers. Statistical analyzes were performed in MedCalc software with presentation of odds ratios and their respective 95% confidence intervals. The results indicate that supplementation had positive effects in two of the three articles analyzed, whereas in one article the effect was negative with increased insulin resistance. Despite this, the analysis of the measure summarized by the meta-analysis showed that there were no effects for the group of cases with selenium supplementation. This meta-analysis showed that selenium supplementation does not appear to be important in the glycoprotein control related to PCOS, since it resulted in greater benefit for the control group of the studies analyzed.

131-137

Authors: Kerulyn Maria Chanivski Machado , Juliana de Lara Castagnoli , Mayra Lopes de Oliveira , Flávia Teixeira , Jaqueline Machado Soares , Daiana Novello

Objective: Evaluate the prevalence factors on the nutritional status of school-age children. Method: The study included 626 children of both sexes, aged 7 to 10 years, enrolled in 18 municipal schools. They were evaluated as variables of sex, age and education. Nutritional status was assessed by Body Mass Index (BMI). Results: The mean age, weight and height were 8.49 ± 0.79 years, 33.58 ± 9.32 kg and 1.34 ± 0.07 meters, respectively. Most children attend the 4th grade of elementary school, with nutritional status of eutrophic (58.31%), but a large number of overweight students (40.73%). There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in nutritional status on the variables sex, age and education. Nevertheless, a higher frequency of obesity was observed in males aged between 9 and 10 years and attending the 4th grade of elementary school. Conclusion: The nutritional status of school-age children is not influenced by sex, age and education.

145-154

Authors: Louyse Sulzbach Damázio , Raquel Genuino Teixeira Grassi , Tuany Cardoso Mattos , Danielle Celso , Emanuel de Souza , Eduarda Schultze , Ângela Martinha Bongiolo

To evaluate biochemical and nutritional characteristics and an association with a body composition of vegetarians and omnivores of the municipality of Criciúma – Santa Catarina. Plasma parameters, serum vitamin B12 levels (in vegetarians), body mass index, waist circumference, body composition, reasons for a vegetarian diet and time of vegetarianism and socioeconomic evaluation were evaluated. Thirty-four adult subjects participated in the study, of which 11 were oactoactovegetarians, 11 were vegans and 12 years old, with a daily average of 25.24 years and female predominance. In the classification of nutritional status, 97% of the evaluated patients presented a BMI. Surgery ended in 72% of ovolactovegetarians (90.9%), vegans (81.8%) and moderate risk (33.3%). There was much more than body fat and percentage of lean mass (36.4%) among ovolactovegetarians (27.3%) and vegans (18.2%). The total cholesterol was normal in 100% of the oactoactovegetarians, 81.8% of the vegans and in the fruits they were elevated in 58.3%. At glycemia, 50% of the eggs were rich in diabetes, while 100% of ovaractovegetarians and 81.8% vegans met normoglycemia. There is a greater predominance of omnivorous individuals (41.66%) with hemoglobin below ideal and indicative of anemia, compared to 27.3% in vegetarians. Serum levels of vitamin B12 in vegetarians are within the ideal range, with a mean of 362.86pg / ml. We conclude that vegetarians have differences in lipid plasmatic levels, glycemic and waist circumference when compared to omnivores.

163-169

Authors: Bruno Cesar Correa Arbiza , Natiele Camponogara Righi , Anelise Lunardi Delevati , Léo José Rubin Neto , Antonio Marcos Vargas da Silva , Gustavo Orione Puntel , Luis Ulisses Signori

Resistance exercise (ER) performed at high intensity results in the delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) and diminishes functionality. Different forms of recovery after exercise have been studied to alleviate discomfort and improve functionality. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of passive (PR) and active (AR) recovery on DOMS and the functionality of physically active volunteers after RE session. The sample consisted of 15 volunteers, with a mean age of 24.2 (± 2.2) and body mass index of 24.7 (± 2.5) kg/m2 , submitted to ER protocol and the forms of recoveries. The RE sessions (squats, extension chair and leg press) consisted of 4 sets of 10 repetitions with 80% of the maximum load (1 week interval between evaluation and sessions). The DOMS was evaluated by Visual Analog Scale 24 h, 48 h and 72 h after RE session. Functionality (muscle strength assessed by isometric peak torque, flexibility, power, agility, speed and fatigue strength) was assessed 30 min after the interventions (AR or PR). The AR was more efficient in reducing the DOMS in relation to the PR in the three evaluated moments (24 h: -1,3, 48 h: -1,3 and 72 h: -1,5 points; p < 0.005). AR improved approximately 9% of lower limb muscle strength compared to PR. The other functional variables showed no differences between recoveries. RA decreases DOMS and attenuates muscle strength loss after RE in physically active volunteers.

177-184

Authors: Giovanna Costa Falcão , Tatiana Evangelista da Silva Rocha

The objective of this study was to understand the perception of the health professionals around metabolic syndrome. It is a qualitative research, descriptive, exploratory and of area, performed with health professionals manned in two Community Health Centers in Palmas/ Tocantins, through interview by using a semi-structured questionnaire being analyzed by the Content Analysis methods. According to the speech similarity it was grouped to the interview analysis the professional categories of nursing and medicine, community health agent and nurse technician, since the first group has stood out further about the topic and shown less strangeness around the term, however still without further development according to literature. To the same purposes, the results were divided in categories: concept and diagnosis, treatment, risk factors, preventive actions. The higher education professionals demonstrated greater understanding around metabolic syndrome, but still notes that it is necessary greater understanding about the topic, to the real importance of this condition be recognized. In this way, there will be suitable provision of assistance to the patients, avoiding the emergence of new cases of metabolic syndrome and chronic diseases get settled, causing economic and social consequences to the country.

191-199

Authors: Cenise Cristina Zago Cassiano , Bibiana Arantes Moraes , Nilce Maria da Silva Campos Costa

The goal of this study was to analyze internships and practical training activities in the undergraduate course in odontology at a federal public institution of higher education, provided by Pró-Saúde (National Program of Training in Health) and PET- -Saúde (Program of On-the-job Training in Health). The study analyzed Group Training in Odontology Stage II and the non- -curricular module of PET-Saúde/Health Care Network training, through documentation of professional training activities in the Brazilian public health system (SUS), from the perspective of the trainer. A qualitative study with data triangulation was carried out through documentary analysis of the pedagogical documentation of the course as well as the course guide itself, participant observation in the field of the internship or training, and content analysis of semi-structured interviews with trainers of the modules. The results showed the predominance of the training was guided by the National Curricular Guidelines (DCN) with the contribution of programs cited in teaching-service-community integration, favoring the implementation of the DCN in practical situations. The interprofessionality, however, is incipient, reflecting a lack of clarity and willingness of the professionals involved to develop it. This research endorses the continued participation of students in internships and other opportunities for learning, reflection and understanding of SUS.

210-216

Authors: Eduardo Matias dos Santos Steidl , Bruna Franciele da Trindade Gonçalves, Nathalia de Morais Rockenbach, Adriane Schmidt Pasqualoto, Renata Mancopes

Objective: to investigate the effects of manual therapy (TM) on respiratory function and quality of life of subjects with COPD. Methods: were evaluated 18 subjects with a mean age 66.06±8.86 years, 61.1% (11) men and mean %FEV 40.28±16.73 after manual therapy program. The outcome measures were: heart rate (HR), respiratory frequency (RF), oxygen saturation (Sats), maximal inspiratory (MIP) and expiratory (MEP) pressures, feeling of dyspnoea and quality of life (SGRQ). Results: there was a significant difference in HR (p=0.04), respiratory frequency (p=0.007), Sats (p<0,0001), maximal inspiratory and % (p<0,0001), maximal inspiratory pressures and % (p=0,001). In quality of life the domains symptoms (p=0.001), impact (p=0.001) and total score (p=0.001) differed before and after the program. Conclusion: the manual therapy program improved the vital parameters, increased the respiratory muscle strength and interfered positively in quality of life.

228-236

Authors: Kemily Benini Costa , Yaisa França Formenton, Marcia Niituma Ogata

The study aims to analyze the perceptions and meanings of HIV/Aids among family health workers and the consequences of assisting people living with the infection. It is a qualitative research, developed with the 14 professionals of the multi-professional team of the Family Health Strategy in a city of São Paulo. The data were collected by semi-structured interview and interpreted by content analysis. Three categories of analysis were constructed. 1. Relationship with care in which HIV/Aids refers to the condition of abnormality; 2. Individual, family and social impact marked by prejudice and judgment by the form of contagion and 3. HIV/Aids and sexuality in prevails as a cause of contamination the illicit sexual acts and the amount of partners, as well as blaming the person to acquire the condition. It is observed a predominance of the permanence of group concepts and risk behavior. Despite changes in the epidemiological profile of the disease over time and the introduction of antiretroviral therapy, professionals reproduce and carry stigmatizing perceptions resulting in falsely modified discourses that bring to the surface primary symbolisms of infection related to incorrectness, fear, and prejudice. The perception and meanings attributed can reflect in their care practice impacting on the effectiveness of integral health care.