Russian Journal of Astrophysical Research. Series A

3-6

Authors: Takaaki Musha

Large Number Hypothesis (LNH) was proposed by Paul Dirac. This coincidence of number was also recognized by Arthur Eddington who related the above ratios to N, which the estimated number of charged particles in the universe. This hypothesis shows some physical parameters depends on the age of the universe. For example, it shows the strength of gravity as represented by the gravitational constant is inversely proportional to the age of the universe. By applying this hypothesis to a black hole, it can be shown that the entropy of the black hole depends on the age of the universe and the thermal radiation from the black hole increases with time.

15-22

Authors: Vladimir V. Oznamets

The article analyzes the geodetic support of space research. The article shows that geodesy is a science of space, and therefore, geodesic support can be extended to outer space. The analysis shows that the components of the geodetic support of space research are: space geodesy, geodesic astronomy, satellite geodesy and space geoinformatics. The geodetic support of space research has five directions of development. The geodetic support of space research has two groups, each of which includes all five areas. The first group is aimed at supporting Earth exploration from outer space and near-Earth outer space and aimed at exploring extraterrestrial space. The second group of geodetic support for space research is aimed at supporting research on extraterrestrial space. The article highlights the strategic and tactical tasks of geodetic support for space research. The main model, which is formed on the basis of the geodetic support of space research, is a three-dimensional model and a triangulation model for covering the surface of spatial objects. The article justifies the new term "geodetic support for space research". The article confirms the conclusion that geodesy and geoinformatics are applicable for the study and measurement of space bodies.

35-45

Authors: Sergey V. Shaytura

The article examines the method and algorithm for determining the coordinates of points on the surface of a space body. The article introduces a generalized concept of a cosmic body. This concept includes: planets, planetary satellites, asteroids, comets, small celestial bodies. The survey is carried out from the board of a spacecraft moving past a space body. The trajectory of the spacecraft is considered flat and not perturbed. Rotating the camera creates an overlap area for a pair of photos. Determination of the coordinates of points on the surface of a space body is carried out by photographs. To solve the problem, inertial determination of the coordinates of the spacecraft and rotation of the camera through a known angle are required. The direct photogrammetric intersection is solved under the condition of equality of scales. The non-coplanarity of the vectors defining the position of the point on the surface and the space body is allowed. The method is applicable to determine the coordinates of points on the surface of the Earth and on the surface of other planets.