Enfoque UTE

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Authors: Anita Argüello, Jimena Cumbicos, Claudia Mosquera, Jimmy Vicente-Reyes

Naturalistic engineering is a technical-scientific modern science cobining civil, environmental and geotechnical engineerings. It studies and uses building materials, plants, organic and synthetic materials for holding slopes. San Luis de Chillogallo and El Recreo are located in the South of Quito, where two projects for erosion control, containment and environmental recovery, have been implemented. These are pilot interventions that allow applying strategies and capabilities of estimation and reduction of risks from disasters. To implement the works, the ground was shifted, the organic and inorganic matter was wiped out, and unstable parts of the slope were removed, reshaping the slope through land exclusion and relocation. Subsequently, depending on the shape of each slope, specific techniques where designed and implemented. Double Wall Crib and Latin Triangular Branching techniques were used in San Luis de Chillogallo. Live Grating and Latino Triangular Branching techniques were used in El Recreo. Plants such as: Alder, Alnus glutinosa; paper tree, Polylepis sp.; chilca, Baccharis latifolia; lechero Euphorbia lactiflua and Tilo, Tilia platyphyllos; have been used in these projects. These plants are fast growing species and they have adapted successfully on the two slopes intervened.

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Authors: Roman Krávchenko

This article presents the process of development of seven gullies. The area of study is located in the province of Pichincha. These gullies show extensive sedimentary deposits. The characteristic of the deposits, th stratification and analysis of the organic matter at different depths, demonstrate that the deposits were formed by the accumulation in the gullies. At a depth of 225-230 cm the deposits have higher organic matter content than the layers located more than a meter above. The influences of the deposits, the transformation of the forms of the gullies and the characteristics of erosive-accumulative process have been investigated. Also the characteristics of the gullies at multiple levels have been studied. The gullies that are at the top of the hillside belong to periods prior to the activation of the erosion, if compared to gullies in the lower parts of mountainside. Cyclical progress was considered in the self-development of the gullies.

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Authors: Oswaldo Moscoso Zea

Inventory Management in Spare Parts Supply Chains (IMSPSC) plays an important role for both the Customer Company who wants to remain operational despite flaws in its machinery or equipment and the Supplier Company or Producer that want to improve their post sales service processes. The increasing importance of IMSPSC for the performance of companies calls for improved and innovative strategies in this area. This paper describes Single Echelon Inventory Strategies in Spare Parts management practices and serves as a source for deciding on the best strategy depending on the type of business and application. Nowadays these practices are not only a legal obligation of an organization but an opportunity to increase profits and to build long term commercial relationships and loyalty with customers.

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Authors: Andrea Loayza, Rodrigo Proaño, Diego Ordóñez Camacho

Context-aware applications adapt their behavior and settings according to the environment conditions and to the user preferences. This state-of-the-art survey identifies the current trends related to the technics and tools for the development of this kind of software, as well as the areas of interest of the scientific community on the subject. It stands out the research on multimodal interfaces, localization, activity detection, interruptions control, predictive and wellbeing applications.

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Authors: Nubia Grijalva Vallejos

Vegetal waste treatment product of urban, agricultural and industrial processes has severaltechnical problems and constitutes a significant environmental concern. Among them are thepersistence of crop protection products in high concentrations in plant material and the lack ofmicroorganisms that can tolerate such compounds and efficiently decompose the substrate.Bacteria and mainly white rot fungi are the main decomposers of lignin because of their ability tosynthesize extracellular hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes in large quantities. Trichodermareesei, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium sp. and Phanerochaete chrysosporium strains are modelstrains whose hight degradation efficiency with lignocellulose materials even in the presence ofpollutants has been proven. Several studies such as directed mutagenesis, co-culturing andheterologous expression have been done in order to improve the content of some enzymes(cellulase, xylanase, and β-glucosidase) in model strains, additionally it has been done newgenetic searches to find other microorganisms with this potential. Its main applications are theindustrial production of ethanol and some seconday metabolites under controlled conditions infermentation processes. This review provides an overview about strategies and methodologiescurrently used for vegetal waste utilization by inoculation of microbial strains.

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Authors: Lorena Cuesta, María José Andrade Cuvi, Carlota Moreno Guerrero, Analía Concellón

The aim of this research was to study the antioxidant compounds content in Red-purple treetomato grown at different altitudes (m.a.s.l.). Fruits from Pelileo (2660 m.a.s.l.) and Chiquicha(2440 m.a.s.l.) in three maturity stages (unripe, ripe and overripe) were used. Physicochemical(surface and internal color, pH, titratable total acidity -TTA- and total soluble solids -SST-) andbiochemical analyses using UV-Vis spectrophotometry (total phenol -TF-, total anthocyanins -TA-, total carotenes -CT-, L-ascorbic acid -AA- and antioxidant capacity -AC-) in the mesocarpand endocarp of fruits were performed. In the color, higher values of L* (epicarp) and h*(epicarp and mesocarp) in unripe, ripe and overripe fruits from Chiquicha were obtained, whileC* values of mesocarp and endocarp was higher in those from Pelileo. The color differenceswere evident during fruit ripening, but a direct relationship between crop altitude and changes in color parameters analyzed wasn’t found. There was a significantly higher difference in the pH oftomatoes (unripe and ripe) from Chiquicha. Also, these fruits had higher TTA (ripe and overripe)and TSS (overripe) than those from Pelileo. The mesocarp showed higher content of TF and TCin the fruits (three maturity stages) from Chiquicha, while higher concentration of thesecompounds showed the endocarp from Pelileo’s fruit. The TA and AA content was higher in ripefruits from Chiquicha. In general, the fruits from Chiquicha showed higher concentration ofantioxidant compounds, possibly because the plantation, consisting of at least two genotypes, islocated in a mountainous area with good characteristics for this fruit cultivation.

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Authors: Oswaldo Moscoso Zea

Megastore is one of the building blocks of Google’s data infrastructure. It has allowed storingand processing operations of huge volumes of data (Big Data) with high scalability, reliabilityand security. Companies and individuals using this technology benefit from a highly availableand stable service. In this paper an analysis of Google’s data infrastructure is made, startingwith a review of the core components that have been developed in recent years until theimplementation of Megastore. An analysis is also made of the most important

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Authors: Alexandra Endara

In May 2012, using a 30x30 cm surface and 0.5 mm aperture Surber net in the rivers: PindoMirador, Pindo Grande and Alpayacu, located in Mera, Pastaza, Ecuadorian Amazonia, thediversity and abundance of macro invertebrates was analyzed applying the BMWP/Col and theEPT indexes. It was determined the good Pindo Mirador, Pindo Grande and Alpayacu rivers’water quality, as well as the bad Alpayacu river’s water quality. This work provides an overviewof the environmental situation of aquatic ecosystems near Pindo Mirador Biological Station, ithighlights the importance of the rivers’ micro-watersheds near Pindo Mirador Biological Station,used as water source by the populations living downstream, and shows how macroinvertebrates can be used as bioindicators for the water and forests quality.

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Authors: Manuel Coronel Feijó

The aim of this study was to review the basic concepts and applications of cross flow microfiltration technology (MFT) in the food industry, particularly in fruit juices and dairy products, among others. This review also presents the different types used in this unit operation. Finally, it briefly highlights the work done in Ecuador with native fruit juices and cow milk pretreatments.

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Authors: Gabriela Villagómez, Jorge Viteri Moya, Alberto Medina

The company "Products Alexander" snack manufacturer in the city of Quito, has a production system that cannot supply customer orders, with a customer service index of 89,58%, also their processes are working with capabilities that are not properly programmed in given this reason the objective of this research is to propose a system of continuous improvement to increase production and make effective the snacks of chips using the Theory of Constraints (TOC) as a scientific methodology is to focus on solutions to critical problems of enterprises so that they approach their goal through a process of continuous improvement (Arias, 2006). The measurement was carried capacity of each of the operations which compose the preparation of snacks and identified restriction in the frying process, which was not working 100% of the daily time thereby limiting the ability of the factory, so we chose to exploit the constraint to eliminate it.The proposal made to exploit the constraint is a better production scheduling, reducingtransfer batch process to process, scheduling the amount of work for each of the operators inthe day, the preparation process and setting shifts at lunchtime for workers helping tostreamline the process of frying and allow work to full capacity 100% of the time. This proposalcan be considered as a solution to problems and improve production levels of the company,considering that based on indicators of TOC net income the company would increase from $ 15333.09 $ 17 392.14 in meeting quantity time and all customer orders.

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Authors: Alberto Medina León, Neydalis Piloto Fleitas, Dianelys Nogueira Rivera, Arialys Hernández Nariño, Alejandro Ricardo Alonso, Jorge Viteri Moya

This work intends to do a comprehensible compilation of integrated indexes created in Cuba the last years, as a supporting tool to organizations management systems. Based on the study of 30 indexes,authors reach to conclusions, sustained in similar attributes of the compiled approaches, the consequentdesign of a methodology that synthesizes the experiences of such tools together with the illustrationof methods and techniques employed in the different phases of the proposed methodologies.This analysis shows a considerable diversity of approaches used in the researches. Besides, the articleoffers considerations about the importance of this management practice in our particular environmentas well as suggestions to improve the design of those instruments.

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Authors: Boris Aguirre Palma

¿Cómo hacer énfasis y empoderar en conductas humanas propositivas mediante el aprecio yadquisición de valores morales? La afirmación y práctica de valores son indispensables en todaagrupación humana para la convivencia pacífica en el ecosistema familiar, las instituciones y lamisma sociedad. Nacemos como todo animal con algunos instintos que son comportamientos queno tienen que ser aprendidos, por ejemplo, llorar cuando tenemos hambre o sed y succionar la lechede nuestra madre. Pero como seres racionales tenemos también que aprender muchas conductasindispensables para sobrevivir en este mundo, no llegamos a él como un producto terminado. Elcomportamiento de cada persona puede ser saludable o no. Lo indispensable para que lo sea, es quesiempre sea correcto y que, para este propósito, se fundamente en valores morales cultivados yadquiridos preferentemente desde edad muy temprana en su medio familiar y social. En laformación de los hábitos de toda persona influye en diverso grado una serie de factores guías,“mapas mentales”, condicionamientos económicos y del medio ambiente, preceptos o patronesculturales, normas sociales, procesos psico- afectivos propios de cada individuo, conviccionesreligiosas y valores morales. Algunos de estos factores actúan preferentemente en los primeros añosde vida; otros, como los valores que suponen más reflexión, requieren mayor madurez. En estetrabajo nos referiremos a los valores especialmente en algunas conductas: respeto y protección activadel entorno físico en que vivimos, lealtad, justicia, equidad de género, solidaridad, empatía,tolerancia, serenidad, conciliación, libertad de conciencia, respetuoso manejo de la sexualidad, entreotras. Muchas de las reflexiones y recomendaciones que presentaremos, tendrán como marco dereferencia la gestión familiar. En el presente estudio analizaremos cómo los valores juegan un papelprotagónico en el proceso de toma de decisiones como en la formación de conductas y de hábitosde vida. El tema del ecosistema familiar se convierte en el punto central cuando vamos a hablar decomportamientos y hábitos. La familia es la organización básica de toda sociedad; ella forja a lasmujeres y los hombres que han de manejarla; tiene un papel determinante en la construcción deactitudes humanas saludables que nacen en su seno – y hasta en ocasiones son adulteradas en su interior- muy importantes todas en el diario vivir; y, finalmente, contribuye muy eficazmente a laformación de conductas y de hábitos muy importantes para la persona y para la inter – acción con sucomunidad.