INDO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES

1474-1485

Authors: Deepak Singh Bisht* 1 , Ganesh Kumar Bhatt2 , Preeti Kothiyal

In this present work, a medicated antifungal nail lacquer of tioconazole had been developed. The main objective of nail lacquer formulation was to provide a sustained release of medicament over extended period of time and reduce the frequency of administration by improving patient compliance. Topical delivery of nail diseases is limited by the poor permeability nail plate. Only few permeation enhancers are used to enhance the permeation, such as thioglycolic acid and urea hydrogen peroxide act by reducing the disulphide bonds in nail plate. In- vitro permeation studies were carried out across human nail plate by Franz diffusion cell using phosphate buffer pH 7.4 as medium. The percentage cumulative drug released was determined by UV spectrophotometer. FTIR studies revealed that drug and all excipients are compatible. The % drug permeated at 8hr through the nail was 64.93for tioconazole with thioglycolic acid and urea H2O2 respectively. As can be seen, significantly higher permeation was achieved in the presence of thioglycolic acid. Topical delivery of nail diseases is limited by the poor permeability of the nail plate but few ungula enhancers increase the nail permeability of topically applied tioconazole drug by reducing the disulphide bonds in nail plate, such as thioglycolic acid and urea hydrogen peroxide. Key words: Nail lacquer, Tioconazole, Thioglycolic acid.

1491-1505

Authors: Priyadharshini N 1 , Iyyam Pillai S1 , C. Joel 2 , R. Biju Bennie 2 , Subramanian S 3 , P. Venkatesh1

Curcumin, the major active component of the spice turmeric, which is considered to be a very useful compound in health matters, is recognized as a safe component with great potential for cancer chemoprevention and cancer therapy. The paper presents the synthesis of complex combinations of Cu(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II) with Schiff base obtained by the condensation reaction of curcumin, hydrazine hydrate, methyl salicylaldehyde . The structural features have been arrived from their FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, mass, UV-vis spectroscopic studies. The binding behaviours of the synthesis complexes towards calf thymus DNA have been investigated by absorption spectra, emission spectra, viscosity measurements and circular dichroic studies. The DNA binding constants reveal that all these complexes interact with DNA via intercalating binding mode with binding constants (Kb) of 4.72 x 104 M-1 , 3.89 x 104 M-1 and 3.13 x 104 M-1 and Kapp of 5.26 x 105 M-1 , 4.37 x 105 M-1 and 3.91 x 105 M-1 . Keywords: Curcumin, DNA binding, Viscosity, Intercalation, methyl salicylaldehyde

1510-1514

Authors: Sunita Verma* and J.B. Khan

Aquatic plants are important componants of aquatic ecosystem. They are cosmopolitan. The present study was carried out at Shiv Ganga Canal, Bits Pilani in Jhunjhunu district of Rajasthan in India. A total of 11 aquatic plants are identified in study site. They represent 11 different families. The present study is an attempt to highlight biodiversity account of aquatic plants species. Keywords: Aquatic plant, biodiversity, ecosystem, conservation.

1518-1524

Authors: Husnien Ali M, Lakshmi P. K

Extended release dosage form of lamotrigine with pH dependent solubility was formulated using sintering technique. In conventional immediate release tablet the pharmacokinetic profile shows peak concentration causing adverse effects and troughs causes breakthrough seizures. Hence the matrix tablets were prepared using controlled release natural and synthetic polymers such as HPMC K4M, HPMC K15M, HPMC K100M, acacia, guar gum and xanthan gum. The polymers were used in 1:2, 1:3, and 1:4 ratios and compressed by direct compression method. Dissolution studies were carried out in pH 6.8 buffer with 0.5% SLS. Relatively more extended release was observed with 1:4 ratio of polymer of HPMC K15M, HPMC K100, guar gum and xanthan gum. F15, F17, F18 formulations having 1:4 ratios of drug and polymer were found to comply with U.S.P specifications of controlled release. The lowest concentration of polymer 1:2 was selected for chemical sintering and percentage release profile was calculated. Formulae F3S, F5S, F6S were found to extend the release of the drug as that of formulae with higher concentration of polymers before sintering. F6S2 has found to show zero order kinetics with Higuchi release profile at lowest sintering time, complied with U.S.P specifications. Based on the study it can be concluded that sintering technique enhances the extended release of the drug with low concentrations of polymer and it would be a cost effective method. Key Words: Matrix Tablets, Natural and synthetic polymers, Sintering technique.

1531-1539

Authors: Santosh Chandrashekar 1 , Ibel C Fredy 1 , Sandeep K 1 , R Srinivasan

Pharmacovigilance also known as drug safety is defined as the science and activities relating to the collection, detection, assessment, monitoring and prevention of adverse effects or any other drug-related problems. The occurrence of adverse drug reaction is a price the patient pays for the benefits produced by modern medicine. Adverse drug reactions can result in diminished quality of life, increased health care costs, more frequent physician visits, hospitalizations, and even death. This is a retrospective and prospective observational study, conducted at a quaternary care hospital for a period of six months. The main aims of this study is to assess the incidence, pattern of ADRs, causality, offending drugs, monitoring and documenting suspected ADR(s) and to prevent the occurrence. Each reported ADR was assessed for its causality by using Naranjo’s scale. The severity of each reported ADR was assessed using modified Hartwig & Siegel scale and preventability of ADRs by modified Schumock & Thornton scale. Study strongly suggests there is a greater need for streamlining of hospital based ADR reporting as well as monitoring system to create awareness, and promote more accurate reporting of ADR(s) among healthcare professionals

1366-1370

Authors: Jayanti Samanta1 , Monojit Debnath1* , Pallab K. Haldar2 , J. N. Pande1 , Amalesh Samanta2 , Moulisha Biswas1

Background: Nishalouham vati is an effective ayurvedic classical formulation frequently prescribed for mainly jaundice, anaemia, and diabetes. Aim: In the present study, Nishalouham vati was formulated in laboratory by the formula given in an official ayurvedic treatise Bhaisajyaratnavali written by Acharya Govinda Das and the prepared vati or pill is subjected to standardize. Materials and Method: Formulation was prepared by maintaining the aseptic conditions. Following the testing protocol of ASU drugs, (Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani) various testing parameters including organoleptic and physicochemical tests for vati like: friability, disintegration, dissolution, TLC, HPTLC etc. had been performed to fix the quality standards of the drug. Among the critical analytical study atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) was attempted over the sample for the detection of the limit of arsenic, lead etc. heavy metals in the sample. Microbial assay was also performed. Result: This study results a set of standard data, essential for its standardization. The values obtained after physicochemical study showed that these values were all within the limit. Conclusion: The data maybe further helpful to develop a standard operating procedure and a quality standard limit for this specific formulation. Keywords: Nishalouhamvati, Preparation, HPTLC, AAS, Microbial assay.

1382-1392

Authors: P. Manasa, P. Sowndarya, K. Mounika, A. Ashok Kumar*

The article aims at developing a rapid, sensitive, accurate, precise and linear stability indicating Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatographic (RP-HPLC) assay method and validate as per ICH guidelines for the estimation of Dabigatran etexilate mesylate in capsules. The optimized method employs a reverse phase column, Phenomenex Kinetex EVO C18 (250X4.6mm;5μ), a mobile phase of triethylammonium phosphate buffer (pH 2.0):methanol:acetonitrile in the proportion of 30:30:40 v/v, flow rate of 0.6ml/min and a detection wavelength of 254 nm using a UV detector. Optimized method separated all the forced degradant impurities from the drug peak. Dabigatran etexilate mesylate eluted at 3.73min and the linearity of the method was 10- 30μg/ml. The precision was exemplified by relative standard deviation of 1.25%. Percentage mean recovery was found to be in the range of 90‐110, during accuracy studies. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitiation (LOQ) was found to be 1.09ng/ml and 3.32ng/ml respectively. Keywords: Dabigatran etexilate mesylate, stability indicating HPLC assay method development, validation.

1399-1407

Authors: Prasanna Kumar Desu*, G.Vaishnavi, K. Divya, U.Lakshmi,

Every drug has intrinsic chemical and physical properties which has been consider beforedevelopment of pharmaceutical formulation. This property provides the framework for drug’scombination with pharmaceutical ingredients.Preformulation studies carried out by various research scientists is reviewed. Preformulationstudies conduct for newly synthesiedcompounds or extracted compound and it gives the information regarding the degradation process, any adverse conditions relevant to the drug, bioavailability, pharmacokinetics and formulation of similar compound and toxicity. Preformulation studies strengthen the scientific foundation of the guidance, provide regulatory relief and conserve resources in the drug development and evaluation process, improve public safety standards, enhance product qualityin the fabrication of dosage form. Key words: Preformulation, dissolution, oxiadation, computability studies

1423-1436

Authors: Bandi Bhavani* , Pavan Kumar Chadalawada1 , T. Rattaiah Gupta2

The objective of the present study was to prepare and evaluate the mucoadhesive microspheres of Atorvastatin. Atorvastatin microspheres were prepared by orifice- ionotropic gelation method using polymers such as HPMC (K 100 M), Carbopol 940P, Sodium CMC, Guar gum, Sodium Alginate, Ethyl Cellulose, Methyl Cellulose and Xanthan gum. Totally 15 different formulations of Atorvastatin were prepared by using the above polymers. The microspheres were characterized for drug content, entrapment efficiency, mucoadhesive property by in vitro washoff test and in-vitro drug release. The formulation F10 was selected as an ideal formulation based on the in vitro release profile which shows an extended drug release of 96.11% upto 8 hours in phosphate buffer of pH 7.0. Surface morphology (SEM analysis) and drug-polymer interaction studies (FT-IR analysis) were performed only for the ideal formulation (F10). The microspheres were smooth and elegant in appearance showed no visible cracks as confirmed by SEM and FT-IR studies indicated the lack of drug-polymer interactions in the ideal formulation (F10). The in vitro release data of all microsphere formulations were plotted in various kinetic equations to understand the mechanisms and kinetics of drug release. The ideal formulation (F10) followed Higuchi kinetics and value of "n," is calculated to be 0.86 indicated that the drug release shows non-fickian diffusion.” Key Words: SEM, FT-IR, Carbopol 940,HPMC (K 100 M),orifice- ionotropic gelation method, Atorvastatin, Sodium Alginate , Sodium CMC.

1441-1452

Authors: Karthik Thammera* , Sivaram Prasad Akurathi, Ram Bhrama Reddy

The aim and objectives of the present study is to develop a pharmaceutically stable, cost effective and quality improved formulation of Naftopidil immediate release tablets. Naftopidil immediate release tablets were formulated by using microcrystalline cellulose (diluent), Sodium starch glycollate (super disintegrant), Povidone K 30 (binder) and magnesium stearate (lubricant) and Aerosil 200 pharma (carrier/glidant).The granules were compressed into tablets and were analyzed for the parameters such as average weight, disintegration time, friability, thickness, weight variation, hardness and drug content. The formulation F12 showed improved disintegration time when compared to innovator product. The dissolution profile of the formulation F10 and F12 was found to have equivalent percentage drug release with that of the innovator product (f2=70.65). No significant change was observed in the drug content, physical properties and dissolution rate of these tablets after the storage period of 2 months at 40o C and 75% RH. The formulation F12 and process can be easily scaled up and can be easily employed in large scale production because the process is simple, cost effective, and pharmaceutically stable and also yields reproducible good tablets. Key Words: Naftopidil,Microcrystalline cellulose,Sodium starch glycollate, Povidone K 30, magnesium stearate, Aerosil 200, Superdisintegrants, Immediate Release, Dissolution Studies.

763-770

Authors: Shravan Kumar Dholi 1 , Ruqsar Khanam 2 , S. Malathi 2 , P. Akhila 2 , P. Abhilash 2 .

Skeletal muscle activity of Fenugreek seeds extract and Fenugreek leaves extract were studied in the green frog (Rana hexadactyla) by the rectus abdominis muscle preparation. Fenugreek seeds extract and Fenugreek leaves extract with distilled water 1μg/ml, 10μg/ml and 100μg/ml concentrations. The result indicated that the treatment of Fenugreek seeds extract and Fenugreek leaves extract alone and combination with acetylcholine produce skeletal muscle activity. Thus from the present study it was concluded that Fenugreek seeds extract and Fenugreek leaves extract were have good skeletal muscle activity alone and combination with Acetylcholine. Fenugreek leaves extract have more potent skeletal muscle activity than Fenugreek seeds extract. Keywords: Skeletal muscle activity, Fenugreek seeds extract and Fenugreek leaves extract Rana hexadactyla, Acetylcholine.

780-789

Authors: Remedan Anuwer1*, Muluneh Fromsa Seifu1 , Belayneh Kefale Gelaw1 , Thirumurgan Gunasekaran1 , Esayas Tadesse Gebremariam1 , Mustefa Ahmed Mohammed1

Background: Hypertension (HTN), or high blood pressure (systolic blood pressure >140 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure >90 mmHg) is an overwhelming global challenge which ranks third as a cause of disability-adjusted life-year. Hypertension causes 7.1 million premature deaths each year worldwide and accounts for 13% of all deaths globally. There are effective medical therapies for hypertension management; but the problem of non-adherence to medical treatment remains a challenge for the medical professionals and social scientists. The objective of this study is to assess the magnitude of adherence and factors for non adherence related to anti-hypertensive treatments in hypertensive patients visiting Adama Referral Hospital. Methodology: An institution based cross-sectional study was conducted at Adama Referral Hospital to assess patient adherence towards antihypertensive therapy. The data was collected by using a pre-tested structured questionnaire after translated to local language, in exit interview method immediately after the patients have got the service, and the collected data was processed and analyzed by using SPSS version 20 computer software. Result: There were 96 respondents during the study period, from 96 respondents 42(43.75%) were males and the rest were females. Among the respondents 33.34% were > 64 years old and 20.83%% were employed. Regarding the educational level larger proportions of respondents can read and write. Among the study population 45.83% of the respondents were orthodox and only 3.12% were others. 29.16% of the respondents had an income of 100-800 Ethiopian birr per month. Majority of respondents were non adherent due to lack of money. It was found that the level of education does not significantly affect knowledge towards adherence. Also majority of patients >64 ages were non adherents to their medication. Conclusion: The overall research finding shows that among 96 respondents of hypertensive patients in Adama Referral Hospital 44(45.8%) were non adherent to the prescribed medication. It was recommended that health professionals must educate hypertensive patients about their disease with specific emphasis on its causes, the severity of the disease, their medications and the consequences of non-adherence with treatment. Keywords: Hypertensive Patients, Adherence, Adama, Prescribed Medicatio

796-800

Authors: Gurfateh Singh, Deepika Bhatia, S.L. Hari kumar

Camellia sinensis is commonly known as Green Tea which is most consummated beverage in the world. The diversify properties of the C. sinensis encourage us to new research in few recent years. There are lots of finding in the process of the tea and there are so many positive aspects also found in it. Present review is an attempt to summarize the various pharmacological effects like anti hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity, a powerful protective tool for future era. This article is enlighting the possible beneficial effects of green tea on the drug/chemicals induced hepatotoxicity. Keywords: Green tea, Hepatoprotection, EGCG

815-826

Authors: Sudarshan B. Aher* , Kajal S. Gahide

Fast Dissolving Tablet accommodation the organization and enhanced patient consistence are vital in the outline of oral drug delivery framework. which remains the perfect course of drug delivery inspite of different burden of Oral course having the most noteworthy patient consistence is viewed as the most suitable, most secure furthermore the most efficient system for drug delivery. Quick dissolving tablets is one such most beneficial sample of the oral drug delivery. These tablets promptly break up or crumble in the salivation i.e.within 60 sec without the requirement for water. They have been defined for pediatric, geriatric and out of commission patients. These kind of dose structures are likewise perfect for dynamic patients who are occupied and voyaging and might not have entry to water. FDTs have increased generous consideration for those patients who experience issues in gulping on account of dysphagia, hand tremors issues have supplementary playing point for oblivious, youthful patients with immature solid and sensory system. This article endeavors to present a complete survey with respect to innovative advances made so far in the zone of assessment of quick dissolving tablets as for unique qualities of these special measurements structures. Keywords: Fast Dissolving Tablet, Dysphagia, Superdisintegrants, Patented Technology.

833-836

Authors: Shakeel Ahmed*1 , Mohammad Idris2 , Mohd. Adnan3

Unani medicine is a component of Ayurveda, Yoga & Naturopathy, Unani, Homoeopathy (AYUSH) stream of nonconventional medical systems in India. Since centuries, these systems have been flourishing with the social and cultural acceptance of the general masses. However, standardization/quality control of herbal formulations belonging to these system have become the Achilles’ heel. The national and international regulatory agencies have given guidelines for standardization/quality control of herbal formulations in terms of batch to batch quality control and quality assurance. The present study was an effort to prepare and standardize Habb-e-Asgand, a Unani polyherbal pharmacopoeial formulation, used as an anti-inflammatory drug, especially for arthritis/joint diseases. The various parameters performed for the finished products including organoleptic characteristics, physicochemical analysis in order to establish its standardization. Keywords: Standardization, AYUSH, Habb-e-Asgand, anti inflammatory drug, arthritis.

843-850

Authors: Syed Umar Farooq*, V. Kranthi Kumar, M. Vamshi Krishna, R. Srividya, Dr. D. Sudheer Kumar

Portulaca quadrifida is widely distributed in Africa and tropical Asia in India they are consumed as a cooked vegetable. review of records and scientific literature indicates that portulaca has many medicinal uses like in treatment of ulcers, eczema and dermatitis1 .The 10%ethanolic extract of the aerial parts (dried leaves and stems) showed significant anti bacterial anti acne and anti inflammatory activity Commonly used benzoyl peroxide and clindamycin show many side effects herbal gel was formulated using extract of Portulaca Quadrifida for the treatment of acne . keywords: portulaca qadrifida ,Anti acne, Anti inflammatory

857-862

Authors: Pramod K. S , Neha. P , Sameer. S. B.

Food crops exhibited different traits of agronomic importance. Chickpea is one such food crops which preferred in Asia; being major source of protein after milk. Chickpea being self-pollinated crop hence is supposed to display little genetic variation. A number of both protein and DNA based markers are available for the effective quantification of genetic variations in plant genomes. The protein based markers having sizable limitations hence, DNA based markers are more suitable as a choice. Thus genetic marker assisted selection is becoming a more reliable current trend in the modern day agriculture. Such DNA markers are fingerprints of a species in revealing polymorphism at molecular level. Molecular techniques using DNA polymorphism has increasingly been used to characterize and identify a novel germplasm for use in the crop enhancement programs. Key Words: RAPD, ISSR, DNA polymorphism, Chickpea.

870-877

Authors: G. Sai Sri Harsha*1 , A.Kavitha1 , V. Jayasankar Reddy1 , K. Ramesh Reddy 1 , K. Anil 2

Diabetes Mellitus is a health problem worldwide. The most effective anti-diabetic drugs currently available include insulin and newer insulin preparations, sulphonylureas, biguanides, meglitinides, thiazolidinedione, alpha-glycosidase inhibitors, incretins, glucomannan. However, he future therapies will need to focus on those patients who do not respond well to these treatments and who account for 50% of the health care costs of Diabetes Mellitus. Drug development for diabetes mellitus has been directed at improving currently available drugs and findings new compounds. The chemical entities able to target the metabolic disorder. The main aim of article is This was a prospective observational study, conducted over 6 months period from April 2011 to September 2011, for assessing the impact of patient counseling on quality of life in type 2 diabetes mellitus in a tertiary care teaching hospital. Key words: Diabetes Mellitus,Insulin,sulphonylureas,alpha-glycosidase inhibitors

510-513

Authors: Virani Paras1, 2*Rajanit Sojitra2, Hasumati Raj2, VineetJain2

Abstract Hypertension is currently measure disorder obtain in the world population. Irbesartan is classified as an angiotensin II receptor type 1 antagonist. Angiotensin II receptor type 1 antagonists are widely used in treatment of diseases like hypertension, heart failure, myocardial infarction and diabetic nephropathy.The clinical and pharmacological analysis of this drug givesidea about effectivity of this drug in hypertension condition.Irbesartan act on renin angiotensin system and decreases biding of angiotensin to the receptor so decreases the blood pressure and act as an antihypertensive agent. Irbesartan is tetrazole derivative which selectively inhibit or antagonise the angiotensin type II receptor. In this review gives detail about mechanism of action of irbesartan in hypertension. Keywords: Irbesartan, Hypertension, Anti hypertensive drug, Angiotensin ii receptor antagonist.

523-528

Authors: Mahendran Sekar*, Tuan Aimi Nabihah, Siti Nur Zalira, Nurul Syifa’a, Meru Pratistha Subramaniam, Wan Putri Imana, Mohd Syafiq Abdullah

ABSTRACT Plant mucilages are found as common ingredients in cosmetic, pharmaceutical, food and non-food industries due to their low cost compared to the synthetic polymers. The synthetic polymer such as excipients suffer from many disadvantages such as high cost, toxicity, non-biodegradability and environmental pollution caused during their synthesis. In the present study mucilage was isolated from the seeds of Durian and Rambutan fruits and characterized by physicochemical properties. This includes organoleptic evaluation, solubility, pH, angle of repose, bulk density and tapped density. Taking all the above parameters into consideration, the study has revealed that the mucilage obtained from Durian and Rambutan seeds were good candidates to use as a tablet binder and also for further studies. KEYWORDS: Durian, Rambutan, Mucilage, Physicochemical properties

539-542

Authors: Shabir Ahmad Bhat1, Aysha Raza2, ParasWani3, Shahbuddin4

Abstract: Dysmenorrhea is the most common of gynecologic complaints. It affects half of all female adolescents today and represents the leading cause of periodic college/school absenteeism among that population. To evaluate the menstrual problem specially dysmenorrhea and its severity in female medical students and its effect on their regular activities. They affect 80% of women at some time in their lives; usually they are not assigning of a serious underlying problems. It is a condition where there will be painful menstruation associated with abdominal cramps, backache, nausea and vomiting, stiffness in thighs, cramps in calf muscles. Pain usually last for 2 or 3 days and tends to happen in the first few days of the period. Up to 15% of women have period pains, severe enough to interfere with their daily activities. This can lead to missing days at work or diseased participation in social or sporting activities. Dysmenorrhea is of two type namely primary and secondary dysmenorrhoea. Primary dysmenorrhoea is used to describe normal period pain experienced by many women during the time of their period and there is no underlying medical problem. Secondary dysmenorrhoea is used to describe pain results of an underlying gynecological problem. There are number of measures like sitz bath, simple morning walk and dietotherapy. There are number of herbal drugs mentioned in Unani literature which are useful in tackling this problem. The review highlights about dysmenorrhoea and some of those herbal drugs which are used in Unani System of medicine. Keywords: Dysmenorrhoea, herbal drugs, Unani system of medicine, Back ache, Usre tams

548-551

Authors: Bilal Aslam*, Ahmad Raza, Ijaz Javed, Tanweer Khaliq, Faqir Muhammad, Junaid Ali Khan, Asghar Ali, Shamshad-Ul-Hassan

Abstract Cancer is a Persistent, Purposeless and Proliferative growth which is a leading cause of death worldwide. Amongst all cancers lung cancer is most important world widely which is divided into small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Pancoast tumors (PTs) are primary lung carcinomas arising from the apex of the lung and are generally located in the superior pulmonary sulcus. In most cases, PTs are NSCLCs, most commonly squamous cell with prevalence of 52%, followed by adenocarcinomas and large cell carcinomas as 23% and 20% respectively; only about 5% of PTs are of small cell origin. PT cause characteristic symptoms, such as arm, shoulder, radicular pain and muscle weakness in the distributions of C8, T1, and T2 nerve roots. PTs are very difficult to diagnosis early on stage. Different diagnostic tools like radio graphs (X-rays), Computed Tomography (CT) scans, bronchoscopy, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and biopsy. Traditional treatment of PTs includes localized approaches like chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery (anterior or posterior approach) or combination of these. Keywords: Cancer, Lungs, Pancoast Tumors, SCLC, NSCLC, CT Scan, MRI

392-401

Authors: Narendra Kumar*

Samples of groundnut seeds were collected from stores in Eastern Uttar Pradesh,India and examined for their associated mycoflora and insects.Fifteen species of fungi and one insect-Trogoderma granarium,were isolated from the samples.Volatile constituents extracted in the form of essential oils from 32 plant species were evaluated against the dominant fungi,Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger as well as Trogoderma granarium.The oil of Adhatoda vasica exhibited the greatest toxicity. The oil was found to be fungicidal and thermostable at its minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) of 400ppm.The oil was characterized by the determination of its various physico-chemical properties.The oil protected the groundnut seeds completely for 6 months at 0.25 and 0.38 mL in containers of 250 mL capacity holding 200g seeds.It did not exhibit any adverse effect on seed germination,seedling growth and general health and morphology of plants.Thus,the oil of Adhatoda vasica showed potential as preservative for groundnut seeds against spoilage by fungi and insects during storage. Key Words; Storage pest of groundnut,Adhatoda vasica Nees oil,synthetic fumigant

407-419

Authors: Swetha*, Chandrasekhara Rao Baru1, Dr. Vidyadhara S2, Dr. Vanitha Prakash.K1

The purpose of the present investigation was to compare the characteristics of the bioadhesive microspheres of celecoxib prepared using different polymers : viz. Sodium alginate, carbopol 934, carbopol 971, HPMC K 4 M. Bioadhesive microspheres were prepared by ionotropic gelation method. Microspheres were characterized for entrapment efficiency, particle size, mucoadhesive property and in-vitro drug release was studied. The entrapment efficiency of the optimized formulation (T4)microspheres was significantly higher ( 88.66%) than other formulations. Particle size data was given 826 μm and In-vitro drug release studies indicated that the microspheres T4 containing Sodium alginate along with Carbopol 934 as copolymer showed a maximum release of 94.66% after 12 hours. From dosage form, the in-vitro drug dissolution data obtained was fitted to various mathematical models such as zero order, First order, Higuchi matrix, and Krosmeyer-Peppas model. Keywords: Celecoxib, chitosan, cross-linking, encapsulation, microspheres

430-438

Authors: Asadulla Khan*1, J. Venkateswara Rao2, Ravi Pratap Pulla3, Sorabh Kumar Agrawal4

A simple, precise, rapid and accurate RP- HPLC method was developed for the estimation of Alosetron Hydrochloride (AST) in tablet dosage forms. Waters Spherisorb® 5μm CN, 250x4.6 mm, column with 5 μm particle size and the Mobile Phase consisting of 0.01M Ammonium Acetate in water adjusting the pH-3.2 with Methanol & Tetra Hydro Furan in ratio of 700:240:60 v/v & mobile phase used as a diluent in the gradient mode. The flow rate was 1.0 ml/min and the effluents were monitored at 295 nm. The retention time was 11.570 min and the detector response was linear in the concentration range of 56.1- 673.2 μg/mL for AST successively. The respective linear regression equation being Y= 27228.755x + 221036.4041 for AST. The Limit of Detection (LOD) & The Limit of Quantification (LOQ) was found to be 0.1 & 0.3 μg/mL for AST. The percentage assay of AST was 99.93%. The method was validated by determining its accuracy, precision and system suitability. The results of the study showed that the proposed RP-HPLC method is simple, rapid, precise and accurate, which is useful for the routine determination of AST in bulk drug and in its pharmaceutical dosage forms. KEY WORDS: Alosetron Hydrochloride (AST), RP-HPLC, Estimation, and Tablets.

448-455

Authors: Syed Habeeb Ali*, R. Balaji Reddy

The aim of the present study is to develop bilayered tablets of Atorvastatin and Pioglitazone which contains an immediate release layer and a sustained release layer of both the drugs for the effective treatment of metabolic disorder such as hyper lipidemia, type 2 diabetes milites and atherosclerosis. Croscarmellose sodium, and Crospovidone were used as super disintegrants along with Guggul gum in the immediate release layer (IR) and Ethyl Cellulose and Guar gum were used as release retardants for sustained release (SR). FTIR studies indicated there is no interaction between the drug, polymers, binders and other excipients. The pre compression parameters for IR &SR layer (F5) found as follow bulk density, (0.79 & 0.28), tapped density (0.88 & 0.29), Carr’s index (10.81 & 18.56) and Hausner’s ratio (1.15 & 1.12) and angle of repose (27.9) & (27.6) for the granules of both the layers which were within the limits of IP. The hardness (kg/cm2) of optimized formulation was found to be (F5) 3.33±0.03, friability was found to be 0.02±0.070 (F5) and weight variation was found to be 99.98±0.08% (F5). All the evaluation parameters were found to be within the satisfactory limits (IP). The percentage drug release for the optimized formulation F5containing 5% of Crospovidone was 99.97% in 30 mins. The sustained release layer containing drug and Ethyl cellulose in the ratio of (1:2) (F5) released 99.68% of drug at the end of 10 hrs. Drug release followed Krosmeyer peppas. The percentage drug release from the bilayer tablets were 100.2% for immediate release layer at 30 mins and 100.05% for sustained release layer at the end of 10 hrs pH 6.8 phosphate buffer which depicts that the bilayered tablets of Atorvastatin and Pioglitazone will be useful in case of metabolic disorder such as Diabetes milites type 2 and Hyperlipidemia. Keywords: Atorvastatin, Pioglitazone, Guggul gum, Bilayer tablet.

466-472

Authors: Konuri Dinesh Chandra* Molakalapalli Lakshmi Teja, P. Madhusudhan Rao

Ciprofloxacin is a second generation fluoroquinolone derivative acts by inhibiting bacterial DNA gyrase (TopoisomeraseII) used for the treatment of bacterial gastroenteritis, respiratory tract infections, controlling bronchitis and pneumonia caused by Gram negative bacteria. In this study the physicochemical properties and dissolution was carried out for three brands of marketed ciprofloxacin tablets. The present work is comparing the physiochemical evaluation (Weight variation, Hardness, Thickness and Diameter, Friability, Disintegration and Dissolution), release characteristics of manufactured Ciprofloxacin tablets. Here we enclosed the comparison results of three brands of marketed Ciprofloxacin tablets and Trend charts. Key words: Ciprofloxacin, physicochemical properties, dissolution, Trend charts.