Bylye Gody

296-305

Authors: Evgeny F. Krinko, Tatiana P. Khlynina

Article is devoted to the domestic historiography of the First World War. For a long time it was considered the «forgotten war» in Russian history. However, over the last century in Russia published thousands of papers on the problem. The authors analyzed the major trends and stages in the study of the First World War in the Soviet and modern Russian historiography. Directly in the war years and in the first decades after the war the study of the events of 1914–1918 was largely dictated by practical problems. After Great Patriotic War applied orientation disappeared. This reflected the changes in the forms and practices of studying the problem. At the same time the influence of politics and ideology in the Soviet historiography of World War survived. In modern Russia studying the events of the First World War is becoming more varied. The appearance of new approaches greatly expands problems and research possibilities.

311-315

Authors: Olga A. Kharus

The article presents the approach to the detection of the role and place of provincial organizations of All-Russian Union of Cities in the social life of the Siberia, which is based on the analysis of the social practices, concerned with their establishment in the context of the regional identity construction. The paper detects the specific character of the forms and methods of Siberian identity representation, used by the liberal initiative minority in the First World War. The reasons, preventing the implementation of the project of creating of broad coalition of the public, based on the development of self-government institutions development are determined.

320-326

Authors: Svetlana A. Khubulova

The extracts from the personal correspondence of the career soldier of the Russian Army E.I. Denisov and his spouse E.I. Denisova-Gerlih are published for the first time. The information, obtained from the letters, enables to reconstruct some spheres of everyday life of the servicemen of the Russian Army and the wives of combatants, trace back the change of worldview attitudes, individual and social behavioral aspects of the population in the First World War. Modern challenges allow us to raise new, unpublished data, analyze the problems beyond the research survey. Letters of the contemporaries contain the data, concerning new realities in Russian citizens’ worldview formation in wartime. They enable to feel the war through people’s impressions, to see the emotional experience of the ordinary person, to penetrate into his inner world with its worries, thoughts and emotions. Personal correspondence fills the gap in our knowledge of the changes in mass and personal strategy of survival. The letters reflect the full extent of the personal values of wartime period. The study of the wartime letters helps us to get the idea of contemporaries’ inner world, understand the deep origins of selflessness, fortitude, mass heroism.

335-340

Authors: Vladimir P. Trut

The article, basing on the analysis of different source and historiographic data, considers some important aspects of the participation of Russia’s Cossack troops in the First World War. The scale of the Cossacks mobilization is shown, the data, concerning the amount of Cossack units are presented. The issues, concerning the Cossacks’ participation in the most important battles are highlighted. The fortitude and heroism, displayed by them in wartime are analyzed. The data, concerning the number of St. George awards, awarded to the Cossacks and their battle honors are revealed.

348-353

Authors: Dmitry N. Shevelev

The article, using the data of official and pro-government periodical press, issued in the east of Russia since summer of 1918 to 1919, considers the propaganda, made by the Omsk government out of the recollections of the First World War. The author came to the conclusion that the whole set of propaganda texts, presented in numerous declarations, booklets, newspaper articles, interviews, reviews, notes and feuilletons should be considered as a specific narrative with own actualization contexts, representation composition and scenario. The political discourse of the White Siberia presented the First World War as a specific starting point, backbone, structuring the political space. Besides, the ‘Great War’ played the significant role in the construction of the new political identity, based on the national, sovereign and patriotic values and the memory of the former glories of Russia.

361-368

Authors: Olga N. Senyutkina, Aron Ronald Frederick Gebkhardt

The article compares the reflection of the First World War events in the historic memory and educational space of two societies: the Netherlandian and the Russian ones. Some new historic sources of archive origin, disclosing the little-known moments in the history of the World War are introduced for the scientific use. The conclusion contains the information of the factors, influencing the materials introduction. The idea that all objective information delivery on the First World War leads to the elimination of stereotypes in the perception of the events at the time and the appropriate reflection in the educational space and as a result, promotes the understanding between the nations is justified.

372-381

Authors: Dmitry E. Martynov, Yulia A. Martynova

The article deals with the views of J.Gobineau of China and the term of the ‘Yellow Threat’. Gobineau denied the progress and the social equality and considered China the most sociable community of the world and at the same time developed the concept of the ‘Yellow Threat’. Being the logical pessimist, he considered that the major conflict of the XX century will be the conflict between the white and the yellow races. After his death, the views of Gobineau were adopted by R.Wagner’s and spread across kaiser Germany. They were also adopted by the imperial Japan, followed by Konoe Atsumaro and Mori Ogai. Despite the attention of Gobineau to the problems of China, his views didn’t spread across China.

387-391

Authors: Yuliya A. Lysenko

The article features attempts on analyzing the cultural – historic situation, which conditioned the formation of orthodox population and institutions of the Russian Orthodox Church in Kazakhstan in XVIII – beginning of XX centuries. The article also features the construction techniques of diocesan, parochial schools in the region and the main activities of the Russian Orthodox Church in Kazakhstan. The results of complex analysis let determine the decree of integration effectiveness in cultural-religious space of the region, to reveal influential objective and subjective factors.

399-404

Authors: Sergei L. Dudarev, Olga V. Ktitorova, Anastasiya A. Tsybulnikova

The article features the development of State control over marriages between the Russian and mountainous population during the conquest of South Caucasus by the Russian Empire. The goals, objectives and peculiarities of marriage policy are analyzed. The marriage is regarded here as a tool of stabilization of interethnic relations in the Regions.

410-416

Authors: Svetlana I. Grahova 2 Almaz R. Gapsalamov

The paper considers modern oral stories about the merchants, existing in Elabuzhsky District of the Republic of Tatarstan, determines their genre features, offers thematic classification, detects style peculiarities. These stories are valued due to the significant potential in the historic reconstruction of the personalities and events of this region. They also contain the general trend of the domestic literature, which is to overcome the one-sided view of the past, perceive and estimate everything from the positions of truth, welfare and beauty.

423-429

Authors: Tatyana K. Ryabinina, Helen A. Grokhotova

The article considers the prerequisites for the establishment of the world court in Russia, which is one of the results of the judicial reform of 1864, held by Alexander II. The periodization of the establishment and formation processes of this institute is presented. The analysis of the requirements to the potential justices of peace is made. It should be noted that justices of peace were formed as a state structure, related to the common population.

437-443

Authors: Tatyana G. Sudakova

The article deals with legal foundations of extreme justice system since 1917 to 1923 and the issues related to organization of Vladikavkaz High Court Division VTSIK. The research states, that after adoption and introduction of the PC and CPC in the judicial practice in 1922, the centralized control over high courts was enhanced.

453-459

Authors: Vladimir Korovin

On the basis of archive documents circulated in RF Federal Security Service, the article reveals different aspects of NKVD’s participation in formation of guerrilla armed groups and networks of commando-type reconnaissance activities on the temporally occupied areas of Central Black Earth Region in 1941. The published material improves our knowledge of State Political Bodies of USSR during the Great Patriotic War.

466-471

Authors: Luydmila V. Klimovich

Russian emigration developed a complex of ideological and political concepts on changing system in Soviet Russia. The focus of the article is on the political program of the National Union of the New Generation. The union was formed in 1930 in Yugoslavia and had offices in many countries. It proclaimed the overthrow of the Bolshevik government. On the base of the involvement of archive documents of the People Labor Union of Russian Solidarists (Frankfurt am Main), the author concludes that this organization does not define the future of political structure of Russia, adopted the position called "nepredreshenchestvo". The analysis shows that the program of this organization was perceived ambiguously.

479-482

Authors: Osman A. Zhansitov

The article studies the problems of the development of the industry of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic in the course of ‘Kosygin’ reform of 1965 realization. The difficulties of the transformation of command-and-control system into more democratic forms of economic administration, which is one of the reasons of reformist initiatives ‘bulk’ are considered.

132-139

Authors: Asiet Yu. Shadzhe, Ludmila R. Khut, Elena S. Kukva

This article analyzes the content of such terms as «historical memory» and «historical policy»; and carries out their projection on current realities of the Russian Northern Caucasus. We offer possible answers to the question “what to do with the attempts of various actors of historic policy to exploit historical past of the Northern Caucasian peoples, Circassians in the particular. We justify the position that culture is the basis not only for the relationship of memory and identity, but also for mutual understanding among nations. We conclude that the policy, based on dialogue, should be focused on inter-ethnic harmony and preservation of each cultural/ethnic unity in the poliethnic region. In order to strengthen the unity of the nation’s civil and Russian national identity, we raise the problem of combining components to identify all Russian ethnic groups.

145-149

Authors: Sergej I. Belov

The aim of this study is to examine the issue of crimes against civilians committed by soldiers of the Wehrmacht and Waffen-SS in Germany in 1945. Disclosed the causes, background and nature of illegal actions by officers and soldiers against civilians. Discussed topic offenses by military command structures and the NSDAP. Studied the issue of representativeness eyewitness illegal actions of German soldiers. Introduced into science not previously involved researchers archival materials – reports, information bulletins and reports of political offices of the 1st Ukrainian and 2nd Belorussian Fronts on the mood of the population of the occupied territories and enemy troops for February – June 1945.

155-161

Authors: Sergey I. Degtyarev

Studies the problem of service violations and abuses, which were extremely common in the bureaucratic environment of the Russian Empire in the late XVIII – early XIX centuries. The author attempts to answer the question of how these negative phenomena were perceived various population groups in different regions of the empire? It was concluded, that range of offenses, which were committed officials, was extremely broad. In doing so they affected the interests of society regardless of ethnic, social or professional affiliation of its members. This contributed to occurrence of a negative image of officials at all levels of society and in all regions of the empire. Inability and unwillingness of the government fight the offense in the environment of bureaucracy during many decades has led to the creation a negative image of the official. It was display in numerous literary works and poetry of Ukrainian and Russian authors, the memoirs of contemporaries, official documents.

168-173

Authors: Natalia Ye. Goryushkina

The article discusses the state of the nobility’s distilling on the basis of the sources from the Russian state historical archive which have not been previously analyzed. In the paper there have been defined more exactly fundamental legal principles of distilling production. The article states that the obtained monopoly privilege to distil in the middle of the XVIII century provided the nobles with the opportunity of getting very large income. The author concludes that the alcohol reform of 1863 was a turning point in the development of the nobility’s distilling. The exclusive right of the nobility for this type of business has been lost, distilling standards have transformed the manufacture of distilled spirits into the high-tech industry. Few noble distilleries have survived the fierce competition; even with the help of government they could not meet the needs of growing Russian market. Understanding the influence of alcohol reform on the course of the nobility’s distilling we are able to extend the historical view of this business activity and are also able to conceive the reasons for the ‘impoverishment’ of the upper class in the second half of the XIX century.

178-181

Authors: Tatiana A. Kattсina, Lyudmila E. Marinenko

The article assesses the performance materials Siberia ongoing work in the field of trade and economic training of personnel in the early 1920s. A model of the system of vocational trade and economic education; an assessment of the financial and human capacities of the education system. A conclusion that in 1920–1921, spontaneous process of opening a large number of educational institutions led to the dispersal and the unsustainable use of the few human and material resources. Proved that insufficient material support schools provoked staff shortages, reduced motivation and level of teaching staff, the quality of educational services, limited the conditions for education.

186-193

Authors: Gulzhaukhar K. Kokebayeva

The paper studies the problem of agitation work done among POWs in Soviet camps, the creation of military units and political organizations from POWs. Not only armed force was used during the Second World War, but also the power of words. The battles were accompanied by the information warfare. Opponents tried to use all possible means to manipulate people’s minds. Main directions of agitation and propaganda were defined by the «Soviet bureau of military and political propaganda», as well as the 7th Division of Soviet army. In the propaganda work among German POWs, the priority was given on shaping the ideological and political views of former soldiers and officers of the Wehrmacht. As the result of the analysis of sources the author comes to conclusion that POWs of the Second World War period became the object of testing means and methods of ideological struggle of warring nations.

200-205

Authors: Larisa A. Koroleva, Alexey A. Korolev, Victor V. Zinchenko

In article the initial stage of life - in the Penza region of the editor-in-chief of the newspaper «Komsomolskaya Pravda» of Vladimir Mikhaylovich Bubekin (1904-1940), the typical representative of the Soviet era of the 30th years of the XX century is considered. V.M. Bubekin since 1920 worked in Spassky district committee of Komsomol - the managing military and sports department, the responsible secretary; I published materials in the district newspaper «Plug I Molot». Bubekin participated in carrying out «Komsomol Christmas-tide», naval week, conferences of Russian Communistic Union of Youth; organizations of propaganda collectives, etc. In 1923 Bubekin transferred to work in provincial committee of Penza. It carried out duties of the manager of political educational department of provincial committee of Komsomol of Penza, entered an editorial board of the youth newspaper «Znamya Lenintsa». In Penza Bubekin's friendship with A.V. Kosarev, future first secretary of the Central Committee of All-Union Leninist Young Communist League began. Since 1925 Bubekin works in Chelyabinsk, from where in 1930 it transfer to Moscow. In 1937 V.M. Bubekin was condemned for 10 years of imprisonment. In 1940 I died, being in prison.

215-225

Authors: Nicholas W. Mitiukov

The paper analyzes the innovation component of the Spanish shipbuilding programs of the first decade of the Regency period (1887-1898). It is shown that despite the objective difficulties with the construction of new ships, innovations in the industry in Spain was given great importance. Due to the nature of foreign policy the late 1880-s new military shipbuilding had clearly colonial orientation with a focus on high-speed cruiser. Problems of foreign and domestic policy of the earlier 1890-s not given the opportunity to fully implement the program of military shipbuilding, tightening it until the 1910-s, which was one of the reasons for the defeat in the Spanish-American War.

233-238

Authors: Oleg V. Semenov

The article, basing on the wide range of archival data, mostly introduced into scientific use for the first time, studies communal (secular and church) organization of Siberian coachmen in late XVI – XVII centuries. The paper touches upon the issue, concerning the time of its establishment, thoroughly characterizes the structure, functions and officials. The features of interrelation between coachmen ‘world’ and state and other corporate communities of the region are showed. The conclusion that, despite the dependence on the authorities, the processes of bureaucratization and the growth of the villeinage trends, common for the country, coachmen played significant role in the social life of Siberia is made. They intensively protected their interests and forced the government to consider them.

245-251

Authors: Vladimir N. Shaidurov

The historical science of Russia and Poland attaches great attention to the study of Polonius establishment and development outside the traditional place of residence. Polish communities emerged due to the realization of penal policy by the state, starting from late XVIII and, especially, in the second half of the XIX century. Siberia was one of the regions, which sheltered the significant amount of immigrants from Poland. But historiography attaches principal attention to the study of Poland community in the second half of the XIX century, despite the shortage of the data of the initial period of its establishment in certain Siberian provinces. The article solves the research problem by detecting the major features of establishment and development of Siberian Polonius within the framework of the national policy in under-reform period, using materials of different archives.

257-261

Authors: Alexander N. Sorokin

The article traces the development of the research activity of the largest scientific institute of the Eastern part of Russia – Siberian Physical-Technical Institute in the period between 1945 and 1954. The author analyzes the main currents of integration of science, education and production, characterize SPhTI’s area of researches. Particular importance is given to the meaning of the integration of science, education and industry as a factor of recovery and modernization of Soviet national economy. This article is meant for all interested in history of Soviet higher education and on the whole in the Soviet period of Russian history.

266-270

Authors: Pavol Tisliar

This paper analyzes the population census which took place in the territory of present-day Slovakia between 1919 and 1940, focusing on the organizational and logistical aspects. The paper also examines the publication of the results and discusses the current location of the primary documents and the degree to which they have been made available to the public.

276-281

Authors: Taisija V. Yudina, Vladimir V. Bulatov, Ekaterina L. Furman

The article is devoted to the problem of manpower in the Russian Far East inthe 1900s – early 1930s. The authors examine the total number of workers and employees at the concession enterprises, a percentage ratio of the Russian and foreign workers in the Far East fishery, coal and oil industries, their living and working conditions, salaries etc. The authors especially emphasized the role of Japanese fishery managers in the development of the Kamchatka fishery in pre-revolutionary Russia and in the USSR.

5-12

Authors: Vladimir G. Ivantsov, Michal Šmigeľ, Aleksandr A. Cherkasov, Aleksandr A. Ryabtsev, Violetta S. Molchanova

The article considers different aspects of the Russian State and Terek Cossacks interaction as a mechanism of organization of their life activities in the changing conditions of XVIII-XIX centuries, caused by the Empire politics. The emphasis is put on the study of the mechanisms of this interaction and the uncertainty of its results.

19-25

Authors: Sergey I. Belentsov

Based on the analysis of main works by domestic and foreign researchers, the article makes an attempt for all-round and objective consideration of main historiographic development on the problem of civil education of the youth in Russia of the late XIX – early XX centuries. It characterizes achievements and problems of modern historiography in this field, formulates the author’s evaluative judgment and generalized conclusions on the problem under discussion, and suggests directions for further research of various aspects of civil education. The beginning of research on this problem was marked by our work “The problem of civilian education in the Russian pedagogics and school in the late XIX 0 early XX centuries”, and continued in the work “Influence of pedagogical factors on civil activities of schoolchildren in Russia of the second half of the XIX – early XX centuries.”

32-37

Authors: Olesya M. Dolidovich

The article studies activities of women’s committees in Yenisey province during the Russo-Japanese War and the First World War. It characterizes the number of participants and types of women’s committees, social preconditions for their emergence, contents of their activities, their interaction with the local provincial and municipal administrations, and determine the degree of their social effectiveness and significance. The article evaluates the influence of women’s committees on the nature of women’s civil activity in one of the distant Eastern Siberia provinces of the Russian Empire.

43-48

Authors: Tatiana V. Gryaznukhina, Alexander G. Gryaznukhin

This article examines different stages in the life of A.V. Lunacharsky that allow defining his activity as triumphal, and at the same time, tragic. It demonstrates how his personal qualities, high level of education and encyclopedic knowledge become the basis for his successful activity in the field of Soviet culture. The article analyzes Lunacharsky’s relationship with bourgeois intellectuals, and focuses on contradictions in his world outlook. The article provides arguments in support of the opinion of impossibility to combine ideas of humanism that refuse violence in any form, with Bolshevik ideas that attempt to justify violence.

56-61

Authors: Agnessa O. Inshakova, Svetlana Y. Kazachenok

The article studies stages in formation of the institute of arbitration agreement in legal systems of ancient states and post-ancient civilizations, and their influence on the present-day development of this institution. The author analyzes approaches of ancient lawyers to solving problems that emerged on the way of legitimating the institute of arbitration agreement, runs parallels with modern approaches in this field, noticing the actual reception of a part of them into the modern legislation. The article brings to light priority legislative accents of the studied period in evolution of the institute of arbitration agreement, determined by historical social and economic realities; besides, the research results in the list of reasons for existence and intensification of development of the institute of arbitration agreement determined objectively by the historical development of the state and the law as established by the author.

67-72

Authors: Aleksey V. Korobeinikov, Nikolay V. Mitiukov, Yuliya V. Ganzy

Analysis of Scythian arrowheads discovered in the area near the Severniy Donets River showed that they might belong to one batch, that is, they may probably have come from the same quiver. As archeologists date the findings back to the period of VII-IV centuries B.C., for this entire period, the Scythian bow did not have any substantial changes in its design. Due to the fact that the analysis involved both combat-purpose and hunting arrows, we have sufficient grounds to believe that the Scythians might have had a versatile bow to help them perform all kinds of combat and everyday tasks.

77-81

Authors: Olga G. Larina, Vladimir N. Shaidurov

The article studies biographical facts on Yegor Frantsevich Kankrin and contains an analysis of his activities in the office of Minister of Finance. Based on the archive, biographical and legislative sources, the article considers the system of measures taken by Kankrin in the financial, industrial, mining, wood industry and educational spheres. The authors studied his work at the Jewish (second) Committee as well as the drawbacks in his professional activities and the reasons behind them.

86-93

Authors: Vasily P. Pashin

Based on the archive materials from the funds of the Russian State Archive of Social and Political History, periodical publications of the 1920s and official Bolshevik Party documents, the article strives to analyze main directions in the search for creation of the nation-wide system for selection and appointment of executive staff. It shows the work of the Uchraspredotdel (Registration and Distribution Office of the Central Committee of the Russian Communist Party of Bolsheviks) in its attempt to manage quality selection of staff by way of distribution, appointment and mobilization, and the transgression from the quantitative registration of all Communists to the registration based on application forms. The article also demonstrates the failure of the idea that all Bolshevik party members are potential organizers and leaders. It studies objective and subjective reasons for failures in the first attempts to select “responsible officials” on the nation-wide scale. The article also characterizes activity and opinions of a number of executives in their approaches towards creation of organization-selective work and their attitudes to it. It reveals the persistent aspiration of the Bolshevik Party to establish personal responsibility of the appointed executives, for the directive decisions, of its central authorities, which they take and implement.

99-102

Authors: Elmira I. Safiullina

The article reveals the role of the Emperor’s University of Kazan of the XIX-early ХХ century in the history of formation of Tatar musical ethnography. Special attention is paid to activities of scientific organizations at the Emperor’s University of Kazan. Based on the study of manuscripts stored at the Department of Manuscripts and Rare Books at the N.I. Lobachevsky Scientific Library, the article gives information concerning the Asian Musical Magazine by I. Dobrovolsky, as well as the Society for Archeology, History and Ethnography. The author concludes that the Emperor’s University of Kazan has an important role in formation of Tatar musical ethnography.

110-117

Authors: Alan T. Tsarikaev

Based on previously unknown archive documents from the funds of the State Archive of Modern History of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania (SAMH RNO-A), periodical materials and Books of Condolence for Victims of Political Repressions, this article attempts to consider, for the first time in the regional historiography, the large-scale operations of the NKVD in the North Ossetia in the years of the Big Terror. The article focuses largely on the “kulak operation”, statistics of terror and the social composition of the people repressed in this region. It also demonstrates the role played by members of the regional NKVD triumvirate court in the escalation of terror. The conclusion is made that the “kulak operation” in the North Ossetia had a clearly demonstrated anti-peasantry nature, and its initial limits had been exceed several times; the article points out that similar “national operations”, primarily “Polish” and “German”, often repressed people who were not ethnic Germans or Poles at all.

124-128

Authors: Viktor B. Zvagelskyi

The article attempts to solve one of the most mysterious questions of the domestic history related to the raid of Seversk troops into the Polovets steppe in the spring of 1185. It analyzes the existing hypotheses on the location of Shelomian, a place mentioned in “The Tale of Igor's Campaign”. Based on introduction of new factual materials, the author proposes a hypothesis claiming that Shelomian is a real historical and geographical object situated in the Middle Vorskla River.

5-19

Authors: Sergei A. Nefedov

28-35

Authors: Sergey I. Degtyarev

The article examines the attempts made by the government of the Russian Empire to solve the issue of the social background of government officials throughout the formation of the bureaucracy during the eras beginning with Peter I and ending with Alexander II. In particular, the article pays special attention to the issue of “ennobling” state service and to what extent it was relevant during the period of the bourgeois reforms.

45-52

Authors: Sergey F. Fominykh, Alexander N. Sorokin, Sergei A. Nekrylov

The article is dedicated to the heir to the throne Nicholas Alexandrovich (the future Tsar Nicholas II) visiting Tomsk and the Imperial Tomsk University on July 5 and 6, 1891, while he was returning from his trip to the east. On the basis of the available scientific literature, documents, including those being introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, and the periodical press, the article reconstructs the history of the Tsar’s visit to Russia’s first higher education institution in Asia. The article is meant for those interested in the history of the Romanov kin as well as the history of higher learning and science in Russia.

62-78

Authors: Stanislav V. Dumin

In celebrating the 400th anniversary of the Russian Imperial Household in 2013, it is important to remember that the historic dynasty did not disappear in 1917 and, as with the earlier ruling dynasties, it still retains its status and its structure based on the Law on Succession and the Provision on the Imperial Family. These documents, in part, define that the dynasty includes just the Romanov descendants born from marital unions with the ruling or previously ruling dynasties. The rest of the Romanov descendants that were born from unequal, morganatic marriages, did not belong to the Russian Imperial Family and, correspondingly, did not have the right to the throne. Until 1911, these marriages were simply forbidden for all members of the dynasty. In mentioning representatives of the Romanov family, popular literature and the media often do not mention this circumstance and instead include individuals who were not part of the dynasty, even though they were descended from the Russian Emperors through the paternal or the maternal line. Representatives of the so-called “Association of the Romanov Household”, descendants of Grand Dukes or Dukes of Imperial Blood from unequal marriages, would often point to a decree made by Nicholas II in 1911. The decree stated that the lesser Romanovs, dukes and duchesses of imperial blood, that is, great grandchildren and more distant descendants of Emperors, could enter into unequal marriages with Royal Permission. However, the theory stating that this decree somehow still gave these descendants dynastic rights is refuted through the materials that we have uncovered in the State Archives of the Russian Federation detailing the meeting of the Grand Dukes, called together by the order of Nicholas II and the resolution of the Emperor at the end of this meeting that is published in the article. As such, out of all the Romanov descendants still alive today, the status of being a true member of the dynasty only remains with the current head of the Imperial Household, the Grand Duchess Mariya Vladimirovna and her son (from a dynastic marriage) and heir, Crown Prince and Grand Duke Georgiy Mikhaylovich, who, according to the Law on Succession, is the person who should continue the Romanov Household.

88-93

Authors: Violetta S. Molchanova, Aleksandr A. Cherkasov, Šmigeľ Michal

The article examines the manifestation of patriotic sentiments within Russian society after the first Russian Revolution. It pays attention to the creation of the first monarchical organisations in the country’s centre and its peripheries, as well as the youth’s spontaneous volunteer movement at the beginning of the First World War. The article is based on pre-revolutionary materials and mostly utilises periodical press.

103-110

Authors: Maksim N. Krot

The article is focused on the conservative protective concept of the development of the Russian society during the first post-reform decades (60-80s of the XIX century). The author determines and considers key features of conservative understanding of social progress, such as the priority of spiritual values over material, abandoment of society reforming in accordance with abstract concepts, intention to proceed from the existing social and political realias of the Russian society. Special attention is attached to the disclosure of concervative concept of country modernization within the framework of the estates strata in accordance with the dictates of the times and the model of the correlation of new establishments and institutes with the existing social, economic, cultural and moral principles of the country, offered by the conservatives. The author came to the conclusion that conservative concept of the development of post-reform Russia is the integral element of the country modernization. Its authors and supporters considered that its essence is the addition and balancing of liberal and reform component of this process.

4-9

Authors: Aleksandr Cherkasov, Michal Šmigeľ

The article, basing on the interviewing of 50 veterans of Great Patriotic War, considers complicated social phenomenon – collaboration. Soviet citizens, fighting arms in hand on the German side in front-line, front and occupied territory of the Soviet Union were considered collaborators. The article presents veterans’ insights into the nature of Soviet collaboration and describes actual examples of collaboration, witnessed by the interviewed veterans. Special attention is attached to Soviet soldiers’ antagonism towards compatriots, fighting on the side of the enemy. Some mechanisms, used by the Third Reich to recruit collaborators are presented.

18-24

Authors: Nikolai A. Slobodyanyuk

This article, basing on the already known and first published archival sources, investigates Jews involvement in anti-fascist struggle of the Soviet underground in Kiev. Special attention is attached to the conditions and methods of struggle against invaders, fate of individual members of the underground.

32-37

Authors: Sergey F. Fominikh, Alexander Sorokin

The article examines public forms of science organization and scientific research development during the Great Patriotic War on the example of Tomsk Scientists' Committee. Such public organizations were in charge of mobilizing scientists' efforts, aimed at helping the war front, as well as at the coordination of the work of scientific and educational institutions in cooperation with the Communist Party organizations and industrial enterprises of Siberia. Professors of Tomsk universities and institutions of higher education were the key members of Tomsk Scientists' Committee. Establishment of the first university in Tomsk, as well as in the Asian part of Russia in 1870 laid the foundation for scientific and educational sector development.

42-46

Authors: Vasiliy P. Zinov'ev

The article, using Ministry of Internal Affairs’ archive data highlights the little-known page in the Great Patriotic War history – People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs’ participation in ammunition manufacture on the example of Mine Plant in Chekist Poselok (Settlement), located to the north of Tomsk and established on the grounds of the former Juvenile Prison No.1. Plant resource base has become the core of construction of atomic manufacture and the city of Seversk.

53-61

Authors: Evgeny F. Krinko

The article deals with the faith and superstitions of the Soviet citizens in the frontline and in the rear during the Great Patriotic War. The study of the religion history in the USSR in 1941-1945 was significantly influenced by ideology. This theme has been thoroughly studied in recent years, but the attention is mainly attached to its institutional aspects and the role of religion in lives of Soviet citizens is still little-studied. Nevertheless, by the start of war, considerable part of the population maintained its religious beliefs, despite the anti-religious policy of the Soviet authorities. The war increased the faith of Soviet citizens in the frontline, in the rear and within the occupied territory. It was mainly caused by the extreme wartime situation. Different superstitions and omens gained a wide circulation. Despite the fact that they had different content, both rites and prayers, acknowledged by the church and the omens and superstitions, rejected by the church have become the necessary ways of people psychological adaptation to wartime severities and hardships. The conclusions, which were made with the help of different sources, such as official documents, statistical data, both published and collected in the course of work under the theme of participants and eyewitnesses’ recollections, help us to imagine the collective consciousness of the Soviet society during the Great Patriotic War.

69-74

Authors: Alexandra Tcherkasski, Leonid Terushkin

The article, case studying the memorials erection, shows the process of Jews, victims of Nazism memory perpetuation by the Jewish Community within the Soviet Republics in postwar, what difficulties the Jewish Communities and groups of initiators faced, trying to prove the Jewish identity of the graves and gain adoption of Jewish symbols on memorials and memorial signs to fascism victims.

96-100

Authors: Ivan V. Petrov

The problem of Lithuanian-Belorussian Orthodox Autocephaly in so-called “Vilnius Region’’ during 1939-1940 is the subject of this article. We highlighted the principal stages of this process and the main dramatis personae, who took part in the struggle for autocephaly of Lithuanian Orthodox parishes and against it. The camp of supporters of Lithuanian-Belorussian autocephaly consisted of former Pro-Polish Orthodox priests, such us Archbishop Theodosius (Theodosiev), Archimandrite Philip (Morozov) and others; Belorussian intellectuals from Vilna and Belorussian nationalists. At the same time the camp of supporters of Pro-Moscow position consisted of Metropolitan Elevfery (Bogoyavlenskiy), who was at he head of the Lithuanian Orthodox Eparchy, Russian emigrant clerics, anti-polish Orthodox priests and some part of Pro-Soviet Lithuanian Orthodox believers. This struggle continued about a year and ended in victory of Pro-Moscow camp and dismissal for the supporters of Belarusian-Lithuanian autocephaly. Besides the article paid special attention that national aspect of activity of this religious organizations and a history of internal conflicts in this Eparchy during World War II so far has not gained a special consideration

107-108

Authors: Dmitrii A. Malyutin, Aleksandr G. Gryaznukhin, Larisa F. Malyutina

The paper presents the review of the collection of documents, including the data on social and economic situation in Krasnoyarsk Region during the Great Patriotic War, the activity of party and Soviet authorities, deeds by Krasnoyarsk natives in the frontline and labor achievements in the rear. The collection contains the documents, describing the daily life in wartime, the public mood, the living conditions, social security, the status of disabled veterans. The presented data, concerning patriotic activity of the orthodox church, camps of People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs, facts of desertion, speculation, criminality in the region prove weight and objective approach of the composite author to the documents selection.