IMPACT : International Journal of Research in Humanities, Arts and Literature

5-14

Authors: AISHA IBRAHIM NINGI, AHMAD TARMIZI TALIB, LAILY BINT HJ PAIM, & SARJIT S. GILL

The purpose of this paper is to provide a qualitative explanation of research results on the socio-economic effects of street hawking on girl-child education in Yobe State, Nigeria. The paper provided additional information, understanding, and policy suggestions which will serve as a source of literature and document in formulating inclusive policies on the girl-child. The research methodology and design involved qualitative approach using case study that specifically explored the socio-economic effects of girl-child’s street hawking experiences. The study sites included three Local Government Areas of Yobe State. Purposive sampling strategy was used to select thirteen (13) sets of informants. A total of three (3) street hawking girls between the ages of eight (8) to fourteen (14) years and three (3) female parents featured as informants. Three (3) traditional rulers in each of the LGAs served as the gate-keepers and one (1) government official as minor participant. Snowball samples of three (3) male parents who have daughters involved in street hawking in each of the selected Local Government Areas were used for data credibility. Data collection technique involved interviews, focus group, participant observations, using semi-structured open-ended questions as well as the use of available documents. Video and audio recording of the girls at home, at streets, at the market square and major intersections was conducted. Ethical issues of consent and confidentiality were addressed by obtaining both written and oral consent of informants using their native language (Hausa) for clarity and understanding of their roles. Data analysis of interviews involved transcriptions, coding, and the repeated readings of the transcripts that identified major themes. Observational data were also converted to field notes, coded, and analysed for patterns of ideas that support major themes of the analysed interview data for validity. Major findings are presented as themes on major issues as exposure to all forms of abuse, inadequate safety and being left behind in basic literacy. This paper is of significant value due to its novelty because it explores how Amartya Sen’s capability approach can be applied to conceptualize and assess gender inequality in a developing country like Nigeria, as there has not being a detailed or comprehensive research on the socio-economic effects of street hawking in Yobe State, Nigeria.

29-42

Authors: NAWAF ABD ALKAREEM GHARAIBEH, ALI MAHMOUD TAWLBH & HAMZA FAWAZ TAYFOUR

One of the biggest linguistic and monetary issues which engaged the researchers over time, and they had a conflict about, is the pronunciation and the meaning issue. The battle between critics was at its most intense to determine the role of each of them in giving the literary text its artistic value, and the efficiency of each of them in leadership and priority. This research will address the issue on the basis of giving each of the pronunciation and meaning its importance in the foundation of the literary text. Whereas some researchers gave the pronunciation the highest value within the foundation of the literary text, some gave it to the meaning, some gave it to both together and some to the relation between the pronunciation and the meaning.

49-54

Authors: MANJARI JOHRI

Leaves of Grass, the path breaking collection of poems, by the great American poet,Walt Whitman, was first published in 1855, comprising twelve poems. The very first poem, ‘Song of Myself’, encompasses the poet’s vision of self and life – both interrelated and inevitably a reflection of the other. The present paper seeks to dwell upon Whitman’s expression of self in the poem, as he says, it is “Song of Myself”….where he intends to “celebrate myself/and what I assume you shall assume/For every atom belonging to me as good belong to you”. Here Whitman concerns himself, primarily with his idea of the self, his identification of the self with others, and finally his relationship with the elements of nature and the universe. It is intriguing to find traces of Indian philosophy in general, and specifically of the teaching of the Bhagvad Gita, and at the same time the influence of the Western philosophy of Kant , and Hegel , and of Emerson’s Transcendentalism. Primarily, the idea that seems to emerge is that of his ‘self’ in amalgamation with every individual that Whitman describes in the poem. He seems to blend together the forces of nature, and the American idea of democracy. Essentially, one finds that the self is conceived as a spiritual entity, which remains relatively permanent in and through the changing flux of ideas and experiences which constitute its conscious life. The self that emerges, then, comprises ideas, experiences, psychological states and spiritual insights. The research paper would elucidate the varied hues and shades of self that emerge in different sections of the poem, which finally ends with the epochal lines, which truly crystallise the essence of the poem ,“I bequeath myself to the dirt to grow from the grass I love, /If you want me again look for me under your boots.”

65-74

Authors: JASWINDER SINGH DHILLON & SATNAM KAUR JOHAL

The present study aimed at exploring the relationship of Intelligence, Motivation, and Study Habits with Scholastic Achievement in Science of Secondary School boys. The study revealed a significant positive relationship of Scholastic Achievement in Science with Intelligence and a significant negative relationship with recording (A sub scale of study habits). Factor analysis was applied to locate the factor structure of scholastic achievement and the analysis yielded seven factors namely Intelligence, Comprehension, Motivation, A-motivation, Language, Task orientation and supports. These factors explained 72.58% variance. Multiple regression analysis located intelligence as the important predictor of Scholastic Achievement in Science.

89-94

Authors: A. JOHN WILLIAM, A. CHELLADURAI & S. NAGAMANI

This paper portray the significance of sales promotion among cotton yarn producing mill ,business is all about the internal as well as the external factors from those factors customers play a key role to business success since it is cotton yarn it was treated as raw material for the textile industry and the cotton yarn manufacturers also require sales volume further the study was conducted with the sample size of 78 respondents and the data were collected using as structured questionnaire and the study is basically a known population and it was simple random sampling further the data were analyzed using chi square analysis to improve pitfalls of sales promotion initiative of jai bharath mill.

101-108

Authors: VARSHA KISAN CHOPADE

The glorious past of Indian culture lies in the ancient manuscripts. These are the basic historical evidence and have great research value. It is estimated that India possesses more than five million manuscripts, making her the largest repository of manuscript wealth in the world. Though our ancestors had tried to preserve these manuscripts, thousands of such valued unpublished Indian manuscripts on varied subjects are lying scattered or fragmented in India and foreign collections and some of these are no longer accessible to research scholars. This invaluable and unique pool of knowledge is under threat and manuscripts are disappearing at an alarming rate. Nervous, scared, worried, etc.

7-10

Authors: KULBATIROV A

In this paper was considered development of theoretical aspects of the legal education, legal awareness.The rule of law collectively represents the most important aspects of a democratic form of government

35-40

Authors: SH. T. MAHMARAIMOVA

In this article, the outlines of views on linguoculturological features of theomorphistic metaphor is regarded as a fundamental metaphor. There are matches of etymological pecularity, especially peri with other mythological images, also known as demon-bearing imaginatives: are revealed the main recognizable traits of studied metaphors. At the same time, as the example of the classical poetry of Alisher Navoi and Babur, is described the semantic nature of the metaphor.

63-70

Authors: B. Deepa & D. Suvarna Suni

In India a system of ritualised prostitution, known as Devadasi System, exists. In this system a girl, usually before reaching the age of puberty, is dedicated or married to a temple, continues in several southern states including Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamilnadu, Kerala and some parts of Maharastra and Orissa. Literally meaning „female servant of god, “Devadasi” is usually belong to the Dalit community. The word “Devadasi” originates from two Sanskrit words Deva‟ which means God and “Dasi” which means female servant. In this system, pre- puberty young girls were married off to the God or local deities of any temple and the girls became the property of the preist, other inmates of the temple and also local land lords and zamindars. The saying in Marathi is ‘Devdasi devachi, bayko saarya gavachi', means servant of God but the wife of whole town. Devadasi cult provides a license for prostitution with religious sanction. Thousands of Dalit women are forced to become maidens of God in many villages. In Devadasi system Dalit women are induced into prostitution in the name of religion. They are taken from their families, never to see them again they are later sexually exploited by the temple priest and local land lords or zamindars and finally auctioned secretly into prostitution and ultimately die from venereal diseases and HIV Aids. At the end she leads miserable life.

5-16

Authors: SHABANATHAYNIATH & GHAZALA ANJUM

Globalization and Industrialization has put great demands on the engineers, they require good academic skills in Listening, Speaking, Reading and Writing. All India Council for Technical Education constituted in 1945 has set criteria for engineering programs to meet the global standard for engineers. The purpose of this paper is to provide a description of the needs analysis to develop a course, English for Engineering Students. A needs analysis through survey questionnaire was done with engineers at the workplace. The data was gathered to get credibility to serve for ESP course development.

21-30

Authors: AMEL MEBARKI

The present paper attempted to investigate the Arabic discourse of print advertisements in Algeria. It focused in analysing the phonological features which characterize the discourse of advertisements and which aim to fulfil advertising primary task of persuading people to buy the product or service. The study was hopefully aimed at drawing out some hints for Arab, particularly Algerian, advertisers especially in print advertising, which may help to improve their effectiveness and professionalism. A total of 72 advertisements were selected as representative for the analysis of Algerian printed advertising. The advertisements were randomly taken from three Algerian popular newspapers pressed in Arabic (Al-khabar, Echourouk and Ennahar) and the Algerian magazine Echourouk TV published between 2014 and 2016. This investigation was specifically concerned with those phonological and rhetorical features that contribute to the development of text in advertisements. Thus, this investigation, which was based on a linguistic analysis of data, was carried out in the hope that it will contribute to our understanding of Arabic printed advertising discourse

37-54

Authors: IMAN MATARALSULTANI & NAWALHADI HASSAN

Addressed in this research (self / other), explaining the other one is here from the perspective of a woman not from the point of view of the man. In this literature it was the other two images (not perfect), who in turn was three pictures (subjective and other) which was perfect for (Ishtar). The second image is that of (the other the peer) of which woman afraid and avoided; the study clarified that the sexual desire was the main reason of it giving some examples such as: - (Gilgamesh) who rapped the brides, (Enky) who made sexual relations with his female relatives, (Inleel) with (Ninleel) and who also had attempt to seduce (Sawd) a (Shokalitooda) with (Ishtar).

73-84

Authors: SHIVANI SAXENA

The assay of trade betwixt the countries is a stirring phenomenon in international trade. Rehashing the trend is somehow higher. According to this study an assay made between India and SAARC. An assay is formed around the new bent in India’s business relation with SAARC countries. The South East Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) is regional Inter-Governmental Organisation and geo political union in South East Asia. Its member States includes Afganistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Maldives, Pakistan, Srilanka. SAARC comprises 3% of the world Area 21%of the World total population and 9.12% of the total economy as of 2015. This organization organized for the welfare, and developmental of economical and regional integration. It launched the South Asian Free Trade Area in 2006. Saarc maintain the permanent diplomatic relation with its multilateral entities including European commission... However, SAFTA is the first step taken By SAARC in the era of regional trade bloc and an economic union. There is much speculation and its favourable effect on international trade. Focusing on the analysis of SAARC, this paper was trying to Study the Macro Economic Overview of SAARC Countries till 2015To Study the Trade Performance of India with special refrence to SAARC countries till 2012-13. And to study the trade basket of India with reference to SAARC Countries.

9-16

Authors: ESMIRA FUAD (SHUKUROVA)

Muhammad HosseinShahriyar, the great Azerbaijani poet of twentieth century, in his works tried by different artistic methods to introduce to the world the history and the rich culture of South Azerbaijan, which are his native land and the part of Iran. From the description of characters and events depicted in his works, where is felt the national spirit and colorit, is clear that these characters are Azerbaijani turks, and the events takes place in Azerbaijan. The poet in his poetry, by the example of residents of Khoshginab village, shows the life, occupation, economic concerns and the traditions of his nation. Shahryar's poetry also reflects the Azerbaijany national cuisine and the rich food culture of South and North Azerbaijan. The reader easily realizes that "the strehgh of Shahryyar's lyrics is in his national character. He lives and thinks like his people, suffers hardship like them, and also fought with him, is happy with him, and expresses the public's wishes and problems, which themselves can not to express clearly”1.

27-36

Authors: SHU-TING KAO

The Red Death, shuttling freely among the seven rooms, is the plague who brings death to Prince Prospero’s masquerade. His presence is omnipresent and omnipotent. Poe makes the Gothic abbey in the story a metaphor, an uncanny space where an omnipresent and omniscient power enters and brings termination to all those who are enthralled in their mundane “paradise,” and have an illusion of escaping from death. In other words, Poe’s Gothic abbey executes the will of the Red Death, which kills all. What is less known about the Red Death is its expression of divinity in a corruptive world, and this is what the paper seeks to present. The Red Death “is not a random source of evil in a chaotic universe, spreading death without rhyme or reason, but rather is an expression of the will of God” (Haspel 62). The paper thus aims to prove that both the Red Death and all the objects in the Gothic abbey express divinity in the mundane, corruptive world.

43-50

Authors: SANDIPAN R. GAVHALE

India was a mother-dominant country. But today, the atrocities event ratio and the gender gap in India have increased, which is serious and considerable matter. The male-female ratio in society is an indicator of the socio-economic progress of the country, considering this point, the social condition of India, is not improved by satisfactory. There are many social groups and various distinct cultures their effects become on unequal sex ratio this inequality exists into the upper caste. So this article focuses on class wise gender ratio in India as comparative gender ratio of SC, ST to another social group like upper caste. So this matter should be examined in thought level. Consequently, the social problems are increasing day after day, which should be studied by the thinkers to be improved from this problematic situation

59-62

Authors: MEERA MATHEWS

Contemporary Indian playwrights and directors are experimenting with the themes and methods to redefine the theatre. This paper focuses on Heisnam Tomba’s Samnadraba Mami /Disjointed Image (2009) and his experiments with language, body movements and music in the contemporary Indian theatre. The objective of the paper is to analyze the play and interpret the success of the experimental techniques. Tomba’s play depicts the images of violence under the looming presence of the Armed Forces Special Powers Act (AFSPA) in Manipur and the need for ahimsa (non-violence). The play has few dialogues but the songs, the performers’ body language and emotions, transfers the message. This paper situates the play as a careful dramatic idiom that voices the story with the body, music and sound. The play in-fact is an accumulation of embodied memories from the entire north east of India. The text is absorbed by the actors and enacted. The body movements and the melancholic and melodious sounds from the actors, seems to break away from the story but acts as a subtext that embeds the story of alienation of the people of the North East. The paper tries to explore Tomba’s way of dealing with grim issues of violence and displacement with the weapons of words, body movements, sounds and music. This paper will also seek to interrogate and examine if the use of these experimental methods can be instrumental in eliciting the political consciousness, helping it to achieve a sense of contemporaneity.

73-76

Authors: M.ARTHI & C. ARUL THERESA

Today various conflicts, squabbling’s and misunderstanding between men and women in marital life has proned them to end up with divorce as a solution to their problems. But it is a hard time not only for them, but for their children and family and also for the society too. The new freedom of women have made them to torn the families apart and complicated their life badly. In this way, the scholars have taken enormous pain to explore the consequence of divorce in a family, with particular reference to Manju Kapur’s Custody.

91-102

Authors: THOMAS M. GREEN & CHANDRIKA M. KELSO

On June 25, 2015, the United States Supreme Court held in Obergefell v. Hodges and three other related cases that same-sex couples had a constitutional right to marry. While the decision did not take everyone by surprise, many have commented on the apparent rapid evolution of attitudes regarding the rights of homosexuals. Indeed, it was only 12 years before Obergefell that the Supreme Court struck down laws that made gay sex a crime in Lawrence v. Texas. Much of the opposition to these changing social norms came from, and continues to come from, conservative religious groups. This research examines the role that changing views on religion may have had on changing views on homosexuality by examining 40 years of data (1974-2014) from the General Social Survey (GSS). The GSS is the most comprehensive, highly validated, and long-standing survey of demographic, attitudinal, and behavioral characteristics of American residents including hundreds of different variables. This research found that 1) attitudes towards homosexual relations changed significantly over the study period; 2) eight separate measures of religiosity also changed significantly; and 3) the two changes occurred roughly at the same time (i.e. there is no apparent lag-time).

1-14

Authors: MESFIN ABERRA

Currently foreign language learning in general, writing skills development in particular has strong role in solving social problems in the society. Learner-centered writing classes where the principles of modern communication are implemented through active teacher-to-student and student-to-student interaction, a number of deep-rooted misconceptions established in the society for time immemorial can get at least rudimentary remedial solutions. Accordingly, the major objective of this study was to investigate the extent to which both writing instructors and students endavoured in alleviating gender-biased dictions on both impromptu and extemporaneous essays produced for a variety of purposes. The study was designed largely in harmony with the principles of quantitative method. Consequently, the researcher decided to employ sample essays written by the students and questionnaires administered to both Advanced Writing Skills course instructors and students who were taking the course as major data gathering tools. For the purpose of triangulation, however, semistructured interviews conducted with both writing instructors and students were used as additional data collecting tools to get qualitative data. In like manner, 58.3 % of the sample essays which were written by the students consisted of male referenced topics such as “Everyone has his own way”. In using pronouns, 66.6% of the essay writers used masculine pronouns (he/him) more frequently to represent both sexes. Similarly, while they were using common nouns, 82.5% of the writers did not give attention to appropriate gender-fair expressions that suit both sexes. In further investigation, 75.8% of the writers preferred to select male major characters such as Haile Gebresillassie, Tilahun Gessesse, Haylom Araaya, PM Meles Zenawi, inter-alia., in their biographical essays. The other mind striking finding was that 80% of the respondents utilized the occupation titles such as engineer, pilot, president, etc., to refer to only males. When we look into the data from the instructors’ questionnaire, 50% of them confirmed that they did not frequently guide their students how they had to use appropriate gender-fair expressions when they produced various types of essays. In the same way, the data from students’ questionnaires revealed that instructors of the course did not give any guideline as to how they had to use appropriate gender expressions. Further, the data collected through interview indicated that most writing instructors considered genderunfair expressions on students’ writing as merely a problem of diction. In conclusion, the issue of gender in the course, Advanced Writing Skills classes in four of the universities selected for this study, has not yet got full attention

43-56

Authors: ABOSSEDE PAULETTE OKPEICHA-GNANVI

Literature is a similacrum of reality and every work of arts is a product of its social and cultural milieu. Consequently, every writer is a product of his/her social, political and historical environment. In Igbo traditional societies, women face patriarchy. Thus, whether in fiction or in reality, it was the privilege of men to promote their perspective. Moreover, they convey their philosophy instead of highlighting both theirs and that of women. As a reaction to such a situation, women embrace the art of writing leading to the birth of movements such as feminism. Chimamanda’s aim is to correct and improve women’s living conditions in a patriarchal society where they are deprived of their rights and liberty. My aim in this paper is to stress the ideas behind Adichie Chimamanda’s male and female characters through events in Purple Hibiscus and Half of a Yellow Sun. These hidden ideas connote feminism that aims at freeing women from their patriarchal chains

67-76

Authors: JOLLIE N. ALSON

The study determined the Level of Job Satisfaction (JS) and its relation to Sense of Religiosity of the employees. The Range of Affect Theory Model of Edwin Locke was used to find out what an employee looks for in a job, what an employee may found in a job and what the job really offers. Level of Job Satisfaction was measured in five (5) aspects: compensation, promotion, supervision, social climate, and attractiveness of the task consisting of twenty-six (26) items using the Job Descriptive Index (JDI) developed by Smith, Kendall and Hulin. Modifications were derived from the Philosophy of the institution to include questions on sense of religiosity. Ninety-five percent (95%) or sixty-two out of sixty-five regular non-teaching personnel and faculty members in their Summer Incentives (SI) and Enrollment Advisers (EA) Programs actually participated in the study. Four (4) aspects of Job Satisfaction posted a Very Satisfactory (VS) rating. Employees considered the task they are currently assigned as the most attractiveness and satisfying, working for the institution is like working in a big family. Compensation however is moderately satisfying but posted a High Positive Correlation to their Sense of Religiosity