Asia Pacific Journal of Multidisciplinary Research

7-13

Authors: REGINA I. CUIZON

Anumang mga pagbabago na makikita sa mundo ay bunga ng pananaliksik. Ang meta-analisis ay isa sa mga bunga ng pananaliksik na ginagamit sa kasalukuyan bilang teknik upang malaman iba pang mga nagsulputang informasyon. Ito’y pag-aaral sa mga pag-aaral. Isang kritikal at sistematikong pagsusuri sa istruktura ng mga pag-aaral. Maging gabay sa mga gradwadong paaralan sa pagpili ng paksang pag-aaralan. Pangunahing layunin na matiyak ang mga pamamaraan sa pagsusuri ng maiikling kwento ng mga tesis at disertasyong nagawa mula sa mga piling SUCs. Desinyong kwalitatibo - kontent analisis sa pagsusuri ng: kaanyuan ayon sa suliranin, metodolohiya, paglalahad at interpretasyon ng mga datos, natuklasan, konklusyon, at rekomendasyon; kahinatnan ayon sa pagkatulad, pagkakaiba at kabuluhan; Emerging tema. Napag-alaman na ang karaniwang pinag-aralan ay 30% kahalagahang pangkatauhan, 20% larawang-diwa ng mga kababaihan at 10% gramatikang aspeto. Sa metodolohiyang ginamit, 80% desinyong kwalitatibo at 20% kwantitatibo-kwalitatibo. Sa paglikom ng datos 60% diretsahang pagsusuri, 30% talatanungan at 10% tseklis. Sa pag-analisa 90% kontent analisis at 10% gramatikal analisis. Batay sa natuklasan, ang pagsusuri ng maiikling kwento sa mga tesis at disertasyon mula sa iba’t ibang paaralan gamit ang meta analisis ay isang epektibo, mabisa, objektibong paraan at kagamitan na magagamit sa makatarungang paghatol; pamumuna sa kabuluhan at kagandahan; paghaham- bing sa mga kritikal na isyu; at pormulasyon ng panibagong pamantayan at batas.

22-32

Authors: ROMEO D.C. INASORIA, D.P.A.

The Philippine National Police in the Province of Bulacan continuously update and enrich themselves to ensure peace and order in the province by reviewing the police operational procedures. Reform programs take place and seek to address the ills of society and the root causes of insurgency. Dynamic program actions are further reinforced by activities and projects towards capability building. Various programs had been develop in order to uplift the moral status of the police. But despite of these undertakings, there are still police officers who engage themselves in corruption and unethical practices. Hence, this research tries to look into a way to understand the relationship between the profile, religiosity, job attitude and job performance of the Philippine National Police in the Province of Bulacan. The respondents of this study consist ofthree hundred and ten (310) Police Non-Commissioned Officers (PNCO) assigned in twenty-one (21) Municipal Police Stations,three (3) City Police Stations, the Provincial Head Quarter and provincial Public Safety Company.Using a descriptive-correlation survey method, the researcher believes to find the link between and among the variables. The findings of the study proved that there is a correlation in the profiles, level of religiosity and job attitude of the respondents to job performance Conclusion and recommendation are also presented in the paper.

38-45

Authors: ROWENA D. RESURRECCION, Ph.D

This study tried to answer the following: What are the mean scores of the experimental group and control group in the pretest in terms of HOTS: application, analysis, synthesis and evaluation? Is there a significant difference between the mean scores of the two groups in the specified HOTS? What are the mean scores of two (2) groups in the posttest in terms of HOTS: application, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation? Is there a significant difference between the mean scores of both groups in the specified HOTS? What is the percentage gain in terms of HOTS based on the results of the pre and posttest in the experimental/control groups? What is the level of proficiency of both groups in terms of the mean scores in the posttest on the given skills? It utilized quasi-experimental, mean, percentage, standard deviation, and T-test for independent sample means. The following were drawn: Students performed better in analysis, synthesis, and evaluation levels even before the use of videos based on the pretest .The experimental and control groups had the same posttest performance in the application and synthesis levels. But, the experimental group performed better at the analysis and evaluation levels. Students in the control group had a greater percentage gain at the analysis and synthesis levels based on pre and posttest results. The level of proficiency of both groups in the application, analysis, and synthesis skills was average in the evaluation skill for the experimental group. Instructions using both the traditional approach and using videos developed the students’ HOTS.

54-63

Authors: FRANCIS KAYODE ASHIPAOLOYE, DPA

Organizational culture is ultimately defined and practiced according to assumptions, attitudes, beliefs and values of the larger society it is imbedded. Organizational culture varies from one organization to the other. Thus, a closer look at the Philippine public administration shows that the Filipino culture is a special kind of environment. The reason being that there are three major traits that showcase the Filipino behavior and decision-making: personalism, familism, and particularism or popularism. The city governments of Batangas, Lipa and Tanauan like any other City Government have their own unique culture. This distinctness is based on many factors such as: events, history, past leadership as well as current leadership that results in routines or the way things are done in their respective institution. This paper presents a comparative analysis of organizational culture and employee’s motivation of selected cities in CALABARZON: Basis for Employee’s Motivation, Leadership and Innovative Management. The descriptive correlation method of research was used to gather the needed information. The result revealed that the three cities all agreed as to the organizational culture and levels of motivation. Overall, working relationship was found to be the best predictor among the organizational culture. While the best motivator among employees, was their need for achievement. Lastly, a proposed program to further boost employee’s motivation/morale, leadership, and innovative management was tabled based on the significance of the findings of the research.

73-77

Authors: JOSEFINA S. VIERNES, MSHRM, MEM

The study was conducted to assess the extent of implementation of green practices in the housekeeping and food and beverage departments among standard hotels in Puerto Princesa City, Palawan with respect to solid waste management, water conservation and energy utilization. The descriptive design was utilized in this research. Respondents of this study were the supervisors and staff of the Housekeeping and Food and Beverage Departments of the 13 standard hotels in Puerto Princesa City. Using total enumeration, 52 hoteliers were asked to answer the survey questionnaire to be able to come up with data needed in the study. Frequency counts, percentages, means and Analysis of Variance were used to interpret and analyze the data gathered. Among the three groups of green practices included in the study, solid waste management obtained the highest mean for both the housekeeping department and food and beverage department which indicates that green practices under this category are the most extensively implemented. Conversely, respondents from the housekeeping department rated green practices related to energy utilization as the least implemented while food and beverage department respondents revealed that green practices pertaining to water conservation are the least implemented. Using one way analysis of variance (ANOVA), the responses revealed that there is no significant difference in the extent of implementation of green practices in all the three categories that were studied within hotels. However, a significant difference among hotels was found out when it comes to the extent of implementation of green practices for the same categories.

87-93

Authors: Kimmy Lei T. Atienza, Claire A. Evangelista, Lalaine I. Evangelista, Richell T. Ibre, Karen Mae D. Macalalad, Sevilla S. Felicen, Kabaitan Dinglasan

This study aimed to assess the benefits of massage spa therapy in tourism industry of Batangas City and their adherence to the standards to DOT on Spa operation and maintenance. The study aimed to identify the profile of massage spa in terms of type of ownership, length of years in the business, type of spa and different spa services offered; to assess the benefits of massage spa to the tourism industry; and to determine the extent of adherence of the massage spa to DOT standards about spa operation and maintenance; and propose a plan of action based on the results of the study. Descriptive method was used in the study. Results showed that the Sole Proprietorship got the highest rank in terms of type of ownership. With the length of years in service, it shows that most of spa business already exists for 4-6 years. Type of spa shows that majority of the spa business were Spa Town. With regards to different spa services, majority offers peat pulp bath and the least is sauna and steam bath. The over-all assessment of the respondents’ on the benefits of spa was agree by the result. It was also observed that all items were assessed as agree and it enhances the awareness of the tourists about the beauty of Batangas City. It was followed by provide taxes for the government, became a tourist attraction and improves socio-economic of local residents and improvement on the lifestyle both of the local residents and tourists.

99-102

Authors: Bernardo C. Lunar, Viviene Rhea S. Padura, Ma. Cristina Francesca T. Dimaculangan

Laboratory classes have become crucial parts of teaching science subjects. Most of the laboratories in natural science fields widely use chemicals of different types and hazard levels. Using descriptive- evaluative method of research, the study was carried out to assess students’ familiarity and comprehension of chemical hazard warning signs. Data were collected from randomly selected 150 student respondents enrolled in Chemistry and Biology Laboratory Classes during the second semester of SY 2012-2013. A structured questionnaire was used for the data collection. The collected data were analysed using simple quantitative analysis. The results of the study revealed that the majority of the respondents were familiar with hazard signs of laboratory chemicals. After getting information on their level of awareness about potential hazards of laboratory chemicals, the respondents were also requested to match chemicals properties with the corresponding labels or pictograms. The results indicate that familiarity and understanding of hazard warning signs is low among the students. It also surveyed the preferred labelling technique which revealed that majority favoured the use of both colors and signs. An action plan was drafted as an output of the study aimed at putting forward corrective measures to address the laboratory related problems identified in the study.

114-118

Authors: Rowena E. Mojares, Fernan C. Macuha, Jomar G. Casala, Dante P. Morales, Christian G. Catapang Kizzen F. Perez

This study aimed to identify the respondent’s profile variable such as gender, age, educational attainment, occupation, and frequency of smoking; to identify the level of awareness of the public on Anti-Smoking Ordinance and to determine the significant difference on the level of awareness in the implementation when grouped according to profile variables. The researchers used the descriptive method of research and utilized two hundred-four (204) respondents. The result showed that the respondents are dominated by male, college graduate and under graduate and most of them are private employees. They agreed that they are aware on the implementation of anti-smoking ordinance no. 1S 2012 because the ordinance was clearly stated, well disseminated, there are authorities prohibiting it and there is a usage of signage. But they agree also that they are less aware about the specific boundary that the ordinance covered, that there is regular monitoring and there is enough number of personnel implementing the ordinance. The researchers recommended that the Pamahalaang Panglunsod may continue to maintain the strict implementation of the Anti-Smoking Ordinance; authorities should specify the boundary covered by the Ordinance and should have enough personnel to implement it.

125-131

Authors: Edidiong Akpan Atata, PhD., Helen E.Oji, & Emem S. Tom

Information explosion of the 21st century has no doubt its attendants challenges, one of which is the unlimited and uncertain information landscape brought about by the application of ICTs on information creation, repackaging and dissemination platforms thus the need for creativity and innovation. Libraries as platforms for innovation and creativity in library and information services involve a continuous improvement for individuals, groups, customers and the entire library setup. It is a process which aimed at continuous improvement. It is therefore not a quick management fix but changing the way things are done within the profession and professional lifetimes. The main objective of this article is to show the increasing relevance of the knowledge production capability of information professionals in the context of information society in a depressed economy like Nigeria. Traditionally Library and information profession services are devised by them as guidelines and facilitators of knowledge. This prevents library and information professionals from playing key roles in or lagging behind in an innovation based economy of the 21st century. In an innovative and creative society, Library and information services embedded in information communication technologies becomes the main source of professional success and capability. However the particular character of library and information services means that privately owned knowledge seems to flow back to the public domain. The peculiarity necessitates continuous production of new products and services and rendering techniques, creative and innovative acts in which ever professionals are not individualistic but collective collaborative process. Emerging collaborative systems on computer networks such as the nets make libraries platforms for innovative and creativity in library and information services. Library and information practitioners may find it useful to study such systems to be able to develop and render the much needed innovative and creative services.

138-149

Authors: JOAN LOUIS T. ILAGAN, FLORA V. JAVIER

A company’s work force is one of its greatest resources. Without employees, companies would not be able to implement strategies or realize growth. This research study determined the employees’ level of morale with respect to bank’s style of supervision and in terms of other determinants such as nature of work, salaries/wages and benefits/incentives, placement and promotion and communication channels. Further, it determined the relationship of the demographic profile and level of morale of the employees of BDO Batangas City and Bauan Branches. Descriptive-correlation type of research was used to describe the level of morale among the respondents and to evaluate the extent of relationship of the respondents’ demographic profile variables and their level of employee morale. Results revealed that most of the workforces of the bank are in the early phase of their career and there are only few middle aged employees because most of the employees in this age category were already promoted. The level of morale is high in terms of bank’s style of supervision and in terms of other employee morale determinants. Moreover, the socio demographic profile variables of the respondents except gender and civil status influence the level of their morale in terms of the supervision the bank has. Their socio demographic profile variables also influence the level of their morale in terms of other employee morale determinants.

158-170

Authors: RICARDO P. MACALAGUIM, JR. and NORMA L. MEÑEZ, PH.D

Competency training is a behavior or learning outcomes needed to accomplish a specific goal. It plays an important role in the practice of human resource development, especially linking the individual organization to its organizational strategies. This research study aimed to determine the required training needs for the competency program of BATELEC I employees. Specifically, it will describe the demographic profile of BATELEC I employees in terms of their position level, number of years in their position, educational attainment, length of service, age, competency training attained; the personnel who will recommend for the required training programs; the personnel who will identify the proper training needs of BATELEC I employees; to determine the competency training compliance of BATELEC I to the NEA computerization program standard; to assess the training needs of BATELEC I employees and lastly, to test the difference between the respondent’s demographic profile and the compliance to NEA’s competency training program. Descriptive method was used to determine the training needs for competency program enhancement of BATELEC I employees. Findings showed that majority of the respondents were on their prime years, rank and file employees relatively, were perceived to be skilled workers with bachelor’s degree. This supports that the competency compliance of BATELEC I requires a highly trained and highly educated organization. Generally, employees had respectively perceived that Office section should recommend the required training needs and the HR Section should identify proper training needs of BATELEC I employees. On the other hand, computerization standard was generally assessed as merely complied, however, still possible to be improved. Further, generalized skills training program should be identified differently from specialized skills training program, as the latter requires an advance or at least an extensive degree of learning level.

7-13

Authors: OGUNDELE, Michael Olarewaju (Ph.D), SAMBO, Maria Anpe & BWOI, Gambo Maurice

The study examined the relationship between supervisory practices and goals achievement of early childhood education programmes in Kwara State, Nigeria. A descriptive survey design of correlation type was adopted for the study. Stratified random sampling technique was used to select 900 respondents comprising of proprietors, secretary Local Education Board, early childhood education centre teachers. Parents-Teacher Association secretaries and chairman. Three research questions were asked and five research hypothesis were formulated to guide the study. The research instruments used were Supervisory Practices Questionnaire (SPQ) and Goals Achievement Questionnaire (GAQ). Both instruments were validated by the experts in early childhood education. Test-retest reliability method was used to determine how reliable the instruments are using spearman ranking order, statistics and tested at .05 significance level. The reliability index of .68 and .62 obtained shows that the instruments are reliable for use. Mean scores was used to answer all the research questions. While Pearson product moment correlation statistics was used to test all the research hypotheses at .05 significance level. The findings however revealed that supervisory practices like inter and intra schools supervision, micro teaching and clinical supervision have significant influence on the goals achievement of early childhood education programmes in Kwara State. It was however recommended that early childhood education centres should be well equipped with adequate facilities, teachers should also be well trained through workshops, conference and seminars in the interest of effective goals achievement of early childhood education in Kwara State.

26-30

Authors: ARLY B. BALINGBING

Tracer studies enhance curriculum relevance and marketability of educational programs. Knowledge on employment of CSPC graduates assists in formulating policy towards combating unemployment and producing globally competitive BSIT graduates. This study determines the employability of BSIT graduates of SY 2004-2010 and unveil specifically their personal profile, level of competency alongknowledge, skills and attitudes, significant relationship of the level of competency and the level of difficulties encountered along knowledge, skills, and attitudes and the measures to enhance their competitiveness. The study used descriptive method. Data gathered through a questionnaire from 155 respondents were statistically treated using averaging, percentage, weighted mean and Spearman Rho. Most respondents were female, 20-25 years old, TESDA-certified, employed in private sectors, incompetent in SY 2003-2004, competent in SY 2005-2010and encountered difficulty along knowledge, skills, and attitudes. There is no significant relationship in the level of competencies among graduates per school year and theirlevel of difficulty along knowledge, skills and attitudes. Some measures to enhance their competitivenessinclude conducting TESDA Assessment and Civil Service examination review and IT Faculty in-house trainings and strengthening English Proficiency Program. BSIT graduates of SY 2004-2010 are competent despite difficulties encountered along skills, attitudes and knowledge.

39-45

Authors: ARNOLD M. MENDOZA, MBA

This study evaluated the patient satisfaction and present evidences for quality services and identified the level of satisfaction of patients to hospital services in different hospital areas such as the front liners, ward/ICU, support businesses and business office: The study also determined the loyalty of patients; and established the extent of relationship of patient satisfaction and loyalty. The descriptive research design was utilized in conducting the study. The researcher used a survey questionnaire as the data gathering instrument supported by interviews and observation. Results showed that the patients at CP Reyes Hospital were very satisfied to the quality medical services they received. Complaints were also identified at CP Reyes Hospital. The researcher proposed an action plan that medical service providers must focus on how to create attractive elements that increase customer satisfaction levels and gain customer. The overall recommendation is that CP Reyes Hospital should strive to maintain the high standard in order to keep patients satisfied with the services they received.

57-63

Authors: JOSE ROMMEL BAGSIT AGENA, MPA

Executive Order 817 is the law that grants amnesty to persons with unrenewed licensed firearms and those in possession of loose/unregistered firearms; provided, that the concerned individual or holders of said firearms submit then to the Philippine National Police for registration and licensing. This study aimed to determine the extent of implementation of Fire Amnesty Program in Bauan Municipal Police Station. This study utilized descriptive-correlation with comparative method to interpret the necessary data gathered in the succession of this study. It was found out that majority of the respondents are 30-39 years old, male, BS graduate, SPO1 and PO3 working 10 years and above. Both group of respondents (police respondents and residents of Bauan, Batangas) assessed that Bauan Police Station implement the fire amnesty program in license application, renewal and loose firearms to a great extent. There is significant difference on the extent of implementation of fire arm amnesty program in terms of loose fire arms.

72-78

Authors: Bianca Venus L. Recio, Kareen Angelica M. De Ade, Christine Joy M. Esguerra, Saharah A. Mandanas, Jissel T. Masangkay, Jessica A. Mendania, Jennie Margaret Apritado

The study was to identify the profile of the agri-tourism sites in the selected municipalities in the 4th district of Batangas. Specifically, it determines the status and prospects of agri-tourism in the selected municipalities in the 4th district of Batangas in terms of Socio-Economic and Environmental Aspects; and have proposed an action plan to promote the agri-tourism as a destination. The researchers have conducted the study to see how the agri-tourism benefits the community in terms of their economy and environmental aspects. This study have provided more awareness to the community about the Agri-tourism in the place. In addition this research educates people to be more vigilant enough on giving importance on the Agri-tourism we have in Batangas. Results showed that the three major agri-tourism farms in the fourth district of Batangas were Vilela’s Farm, British Farm and Moca Farm. Agri-tourism in Batangas has socio-economic effects to the residents of the fourth district of Batangas. Agri-tourism has no environmental effect as assessed by the residents of Batangas.

92-100

Authors: Jayzel Ann T. De Castro, Kristine Joy M. Bueno, Judy Ann R. Laroza, Karen G. Limbo, Jean Shierlene D. Petrasanta, Sevilla S. Felicen, Alex P. Ylagan

Church tourism has clearly increased over the past ten years. Churches are an important part of the tourism product of many parts of the country. This study aimed to determine the contribution of the churches in terms of social, cultural and economic aspects of the place, to identify the problems encountered in the promoting church tourism and propose plan of action to sustain the tourism of the Province of Batangas through churches. The researchers used the descriptive method of research and utilized self-made questionnaire as the main data gathering instrument of the study. The respondents were consisting of 5 people in the offices of the pilgrim churches from Batangas City and 10 churchgoers. The respondents agree that pilgrim churches contribute to tourism in terms of social and economics aspect while they strongly agree in term of cultural aspect. The most commonly experienced problems were the accessibility of the transportation and an action plan was proposed to address the problems encountered. The recommendation addressed that roving guards should be provided to ensure the safety and security of the tourists during their visit in the church. The church personnel may provide creative and command activities that will encourage people. Also they may have a briefing about the history of the church so that if visitor needs information it easy for them to answer and an action plan may be implemented to solve the problem encountered.

112-118

Authors: Jay P. Jazul, Xandro Alexi A. Nieto

Self-medication is presumed to be widely practiced around the world. This can be defined as the use of drugs to treat self-diagnosed disorders or symptoms, or the intermittent or continued use of a prescribed drug for chronic or recurrent disease or symptoms. High level of education and professional status has also been mentioned as predictive factors for self-medication. Students from the allied and non-allied health institutions of the University of Santo Tomas were assessed for the factors of self-medication practices.A total of 66 graduating students were asked to accomplish the questionnaire. To ensure valid responses, the researchers supervised the respondents on accomplishing the questionnaires. Mean and range summarized the age while counts and percentages summarized the gender, school, practice of self-medication, therapeutic classes, health conditions, reasons and sources of self-medication. A total of 55 reported that they practice self-medication. On the total 66 respondents practicing self-medication is antibiotics, anti-allergic and antihistamine, and decongestants. The 55 respondents documented headache to be the most self-treated health condition followed by cough and cold, toothache, muscle pain pimples, back/chest pain, dizziness, and diarrhea/constipation. Significantly greater percentage of females (p=0.038) use antibiotics. Respondents with high self-care orientation are self-medicating on antibiotics (p=0.027), anti-allergic (p<0.001), and herbal medicine (p=0.001) than respondents with low self-care orientation.

127-136

Authors: Jennifer U. Dotado-Maderazo, DDM, MAEd. & Jona Jocylen Viavian Beloso-delos Reyes, DDM

Dental caries among Filipino children ranked second worst among 21 World Health Organization Western Pacific countries. A recent National Oral Health Survey showed that 97 percent of Grade 1 students and 82 percent of Grade 2 students surveyed suffered from tooth decay. WHO (2007) urges governments to “ promote oral health in schools, aiming at developing healthy lifestyles and self care practices in children”. The study assessed the dental health education of public school children in Batangas City to determine the knowledge, attitude and practices of the respondents on oral health; to determine the significant relationship between the profile of the respondents and their assessment on the dental health education and propose a program to improve the project. This study used a descriptive type of research and distributed a standardized questionnaire to 279 public school children of Ilijan, Sta. Rita Kalsada and Julian Pastor Memorial Elementary School. The participants were selected randomly. The findings of the study showed that there is an observed significant to highly significant relationship between the school and the assessment on oral health in terms of knowledge, attitude and practices. This means that their assessment is affected by the school where they belong.

146-153

Authors: MA. NIÑA I. ADRIANO

There is a large body of literature that studies the link between good governance and development in a country level. However, only a few have exploited the same study in the local government unit (LGU) setting. This study attempts to establish the relationship between the quality of governance and the state of local development of the Top 9 Performing LGUs in the Philippines (La Union, Albay, Cavite, Ilocos Norte, Makati City Valenzuela City, Taguig City, Davao City and Angeles City) as measured by the Local Governance Performance Management System (LGPMS), the nationwide governance performance evaluation and management tool used in the Philippines. I used the data generated by the LGPMS, particularly the state of local governance and the state of local development, to see if there is a relationship between the two variables using Spearman’s correlation coefficient. Results revealed that that there is no relationship between the quality of governance and the state of local development in the consistently top performing LGUs in the Philippines for the period 2009-2011. The findings of this study will be useful to government officials such as public administrators, LGU executives, policy makers, researchers, and students of public administration in addressing the issue of good governance and local development in their respective LGUs.

159-168

Authors: NOEL M. CAPULONG

The qualities of student-leaders in the 21st century cannot be underrated. The ability to influence individuals in the context of boundless territories and worldwide integration is of paramount importance to education. Research has revealed that the crux of student leadership in this century is on achieving the right pace and qualities in the changing landscape of borderless society. Choosing the qualities of leaders helps the administrators and students come up with a collaborative policy formulation in the attainment of institutional mission and goals. The research utilized the mixed methods using the qualitative key informant interview, focus group discussions, and researcher’s experience to choose the qualities of student leaders among the students of City College of Calamba. The perceptions of student council leaders from the different schools of Calamba were also surveyed. The student voting preference was matched with the results of Student Council election. The results obtained were recorded and compared to the results of the interview from the experts in the field of educational leadership.

12-17

Authors: DR. ROSARIO CLARABEL C. CONTRERAS, REMEDIOS D. CATAMIN DELIA A. PARAGADOS, AILEEN C. DE LA CRUZ

Traditional native chicken delicacies like lechon and adobo are very common dishes in a rural Filipino folks’ dining table. As the family economic standing improves, meat becomes a main item in a family diet, dishes like fried chicken and chicken nuggets have also become part of the family choices of chicken dishes in their meal. Intensification of the production of native Darag chicken would lead to optimization of food technological output for the university which will hopefully be a potential one town-one product (OTOP) of the municipality.

24-34

Authors: AILEN P. DEVICAIS, MBA

Due to global economic shifts, many businesses especially in service sector modified the way they do their business, attempted to attract and hold customers. They tend to focus in providing quality customer service and environment in which clientele wants are satisfied. This study aimed to propose customer satisfaction enhancement measures on small business loan offered by BDO Unibank, Inc. in Batangas City. Specifically, it aimed to determine the level of customers’ satisfaction in terms of Personal Skills and Business Environment and to test if such service quality dimensions significantly relate with their demographic variables. The descriptive-correlation method of research was used in the study. The study showed customers of BDO who availed small business loan in 2012 are relatively middle aged female having loan availment of One Million to Five Million. Most of them are first timer and repeat clients. Almost all rated customer service on small business loan as to Personal Skills and Business environment as highly satisfied, however BDO still needs to provide services that make all quality services dimensions highly satisfied. The assessment of the personal skills is affected by what kind of occupation the client has and frequency of his/her loan availment. For only empathy and responsiveness among SERVQUAL dimensions when correlated to nature of work and number of loan availment show significant relationship, thus leaving the null hypothesis rejected. On the other hand, the level of customer satisfaction as to business environment is being affected by processing transaction and safety and security since both show significant relationship on the total amount availed and the respondents age. This was supported by the resulted p-values and indicates that the above mentioned variables were affected by their profile. Proposed service enhancement measures were based on results of the quality service dimensions as assessed by the loan customers.

45-53

Authors: ZALDY S. QUIZON, MBA

The need for quality human resources in AG&P is greatly felt. This is because of several factors directly and indirectly affecting the organization. The study aimed to describe the demographic profile of AG&P employees in terms of age, gender, educational attainment, employee type, and length of service in AG&P; to determine the level of employee’s satisfaction on Training & Development of AG&P with regard to the following: Its Nature and Essential, Training Program and Trainer, and Training Facility and Evaluation. It also aimed to establish relationship between the respondents’ profile and the level of employees’ satisfaction. The study made use of the descriptive correlation research as it best describes the level of employees’ satisfaction on training and development of Atlantic, Gulf, & Pacific Company of Manila, Inc. Based on the result, it was concluded that most of the employees who underwent Training and Development at AG&P were young, female, college graduate or college level, rank & file, and have one to five years service in the AG&P. Also, the level of employees’ satisfaction on AG&P Training Development in terms of Program and Trainer was less than the level of employees’ satisfaction with regard to Nature and Essential but greater than to level of employees’ satisfaction regarding to Facility and Evaluation. Therefore, Training and Development Nature and Essential obtained the highest level satisfaction of employees while Training and Development Facility and Evaluation has the lowest level of employees’ satisfaction. Furthermore, the higher the educational attainment the more AG&P employees want to obtain training.

70-75

Authors: DR. JOHN KOSKEY CHANG’ACH

The social scientist in Africa is presently inundated by a number of methodologies. Some of these methodologies are based on modernist theories such as: modernization, underdevelopment and dependency and the articulation of modes of production. Sometimes these modernist methodologies have emphasized empiricism that is based on either quantitative or qualitative data; at other times they have insisted on the use of theory. Over the last two decades or so an alternative methodology, namely postmodernism, has emerged to jostle with modernist methodologies for preference in usage. This paper defines this methodology and traces its origins and spread in Africa. It further outlines its forms then comments its usage by Angelique Haugerud in her book, The Culture of Politics in Modern Kenya (Haugerud, 1995). It is hoped that this paper will contribute more fruitfully to the debate on postmodernism than has resulted from other debates that are not based on analyses about the use of this methodology.

82-88

Authors: Katrina Joy H. Magno and Jaderick P. Pabico

In this paper, we provide a mathematical framework for identifying and measuring human body parts. We used this framework to implement a computer-based measurement for the purpose of automating the usual manual process of anthropometry. To test the computer-based system, we measured the hands of 91 individuals using both the manual and the computer-based system. Based on two-tailed t-test, the computer-based system has the same measurement as the manual system at 5% level of significance.

96-102

Authors: MARIA LUISA A. VALDEZ, Ph.D.

Thisstudy generally aimed to document the existing practice of the “Parada ng Lechon” in Balayan, Batangas Philippines to honor St. John the Baptist and the implications of the findings in relation to the study of Philippine culture. This paper employed the ethnographic research method which involved the use of documentary materials, participant observation method, questionnaires, and interviews with 150 purposively selected respondents. The results of the study revealed the world-famous “Parada ng Lechon” which originated as an old thanksgiving custom of the working class in what-used-to-be the poor and depressed area of the western district of Balayan, Batangas, Philippines. It was noteworthy to mention that during the Spanish and American regimes, families who were fortunate enough to receive some significant blessings during the past year would parade a lechon in the town plaza every June 24 - the Feast of St. John the Baptist. For the Balayeños, the parading of lechon is the best expression of thanksgiving and veneration to their patron saint. Even during these times, the sight of people parading lechons in Balayan - coupled with centuries-old practice of water dousing - was quite a spectacle to behold. The “Parada ng Lechon” is considered an invaluable asset that encapsulates the Philippine culture which may be cherished for posterity.

111-122

Authors: PATRICK ENU1 AND EMMANUEL DODZI K HAVI2

The study examined the macroeconomic factors that influence performance of the manufacturing sector of Ghana using multivariate time series approach. It was found out that manufacturing production and real gross domestic product per capita were inversely related. In the long-run, macroeconomic variables such as private sector credit, labour and real exchange rate were unfavourable factors that weigh down the manufacturing sector while in the short-run, the past years consumer price index and real exchange rate were unfavourable to the manufacturing production. Finally, it is recommended that private sector credit to the manufacturing sector should be improved, training of labour force should be skilled and technical oriented and policies to stabilise the real exchange rate should be put in place to halt the down trending in manufacturing production.

132-142

Authors: DR. LIDA C. LANDICHO, MONIQUE CARLA A. CABANIG, MEÑONETTE SHELLA F. CORTES BRENDALYN JOY B. VILLAMOR

This study was conducted to attest the correlation between egocentrism and risk-taking as assumed by Adolescent egocentrism theory proposed by Elkind. Analyses indicated that adolescents have average level of egocentrism. Adolescents have low level of risk behaviour and obtained average level of risk perception; late Adolescents have the highest level of egocentrism based on their means. They are also having the highest level of risk behavior but Early Adolescents have the highest level of risk perception; only sex and year level has direct significant difference with egocentrism but all demographic profile used were found to have significant difference with risk behavior and risk perception, and; there is positive correlation between egocentrism and risk behavior but egocentrism was not correlated with risk perception.

153-160

Authors: DR. LIDA C. LANDICHO, MARY ROSE G. ALIWALAS, MARIE JOY B. BUENAVENTURA, LORYLYN M. RODRIGUEZ

A survey of 120 heterosexual students (with equal no. of male and female) in Batangas was conducted using the Attitudes towards Lesbian and Gay Male Scale (ATLG) and Religiosity Measure Questionnaire. The statistical results indicate that adolescents in Batangas has a mean of 76.71 which correspond an average level of attitudes towards homosexuals, that age, sex and religion doesn’t have an influence on attitudes towards homosexuals, and that no differences exist between religiosity concerning attitudes towards homosexuals. The results are discussed further throughout the study, and suggestions for future research are made.

170-175

Authors: Dr. Dexter R. Buted, Relen O. Laisa, Christle M. Barola, Anne Coleen A. Mojado, Joan Rachelle A. Pesigan, Glaiza Jamille C. Canovas

The study generally intended to reckon the previous and present condition of senior tourism students with regards on their foreign language class. Specifically, it described the profile of the professors teaching foreign language; determined the senior tourism student’s performances on their foreign language class; assessed the teaching strategies used by the professors; tested the significant relationship between the performances of the students to the teaching strategies used; and lastly, proposed an action plan to help tourism students in the study of foreign language. The researchers used the descriptive method of research, with one hundred seventy-eight (178) respondents composed of all senior tourism students who are enrolled in foreign language class. The result of the study revealed that the professors who are teaching foreign language are 61 years old and above, masters degree holder, 10 years and above, with a unit of 21 and can speak Spanish. Also, the students are able to speak and comprehend Mandarin, French and Spanish. The teaching techniques used by the professors in teaching the language was giving and evaluating student’s performance more often. Moreover, the performances of the students in foreign language are affected by the teaching strategies used by the professors. And a proposed plan was formulated to improve foreign language subject of the study.

184-192

Authors: RENJITH V RAVI, DR.MAHALAKSHMI R

The most challenging aspects in the word of electronic communication is nothing but the data security. The significance of the exchanged data over the internet and other media types are increasing. One of the most interesting subjects in the security related communities is the hunt for the best solution to offer an essential protection against the data intruders’ attacks together with providing these services in time. Cryptography is the one of the main category of data security which converts information from its original form into an unreadable form. There are two main uniqueness to distinguish an encryption system from another are its ability to secure the protected data against cryptanalytic attacks and its speed and efficiency in the process.Cryptographic research has a common objective to design protocols that offer a confidential and authenticated transmission channel for messages over an insecure network. If a cryptographic algorithm is said to be computationally secured, it cannot be broken with typical resources, either present or future and apart from the algorithm, key distribution is also more important to make an proficient cryptographic system.

8-14

Authors: DR. MARIA LUISA A. VALDEZ

This study generally aimed to analyze the doctrine of agape as the quintessence of human existence in Mitch Albom’s selected novels and their implications on noted Filipino values. This paper employed the qualitative philosophical method of research in analyzing the tenets of agape in the representative literary works chosen. This involved the science of textual criticism and hermeneutics supported by the researcher’s analysis and insights with reference to the content of the texts to bring about the philosophical treatment of the identified works. The results of analysis and interpretation revealed that the signification of agape in Mitch Albom’s selected novels defines the deep philosophical meaning of the quintessence of human existence; Albom is one of the thinkers who philosophizes that the essence of being is agape and the self cannot genuinely encounter reality unless man assumes the existential attitude of love as it encompasses truth, freedom, peace and death; the spiritual manifestations of human existence with reference to the foregoing themes were unveiled through the author’s use of some literary devices; and Albom’s writings can challenge and inspire the Filipinos to change the way they think and review their values through the tenets of literature supplied by the re-examined contemporary novelist and his commitment to life here and thereafter.

20-23

Authors: Ubanatu Samuel, SPE and Igwilo Kevin, FUTO

Accurate estimation of rock property is essential and needed for efficient reservoir characterization. Insufficient permeability measurement makes predictions a difficult problem. Till date, it has been a difficult task to measure permeability using wire line logs sometimes it becomes capital intensive to employ other methods. In this paper, a correlation was developed which enables fast and easy determination of permeability for Niger Delta reservoir. Data were obtained from over 250 reservoirs and analyzed. About 247 data points was used for the development of the correlation. A general non-linear multiple variable regression analysis was performed on the data using DATAFIT 9.0. The statistical parameter returned shows a good match of the developed correlation and the field data. An R2 value of 0.99 and an absolute average total percentage error of 0.009106 were obtained. A permeability cross plot was made to check the reliability of the model. Comparison with other available correlations where also made to check how closely they match the actual field data. The correlation will predict best within the range of porosity and saturation values used.

32-40

Authors: DR. GAGAN SINGH

After 1991 the Government of India is following a policy of economic liberalisation and concept of disinvestment has been more or less accepted by at least all the parties whenever they are Government Disinvestment involves the sale of equity and bond capital invested by the government in PSUs. The failure of the public sector to fulfill the role assigned to it resulted in the protest become louder and more articulate. The main focus of the present paper is to examine the impact of disinvestment on the financial and operating performance of fertilizers and chemical & pharmaceutical sectors of Indian Public sector enterprises. April 2009 onwards, there are fourteen enterprises in which government has undertaken disinvestment recently. After partial disinvestment of both fertilizers and chemical & pharmaceutical sectors of Indian Public sector enterprises, their dependence on the outsiders’ funds has been increased.

49-57

Authors: MADELYN ROUSELLE A. CRUZAT

There are many studies with regard to problems caused by shift work, thus, shift workers are recently thinking about how to solve and implement behaviors that will reduce the problems caused by their work. The present study sought to determine the effects of shift work in a Business Process Outsourcing company in terms of shift workers health, Psychological well – being and their coping mechanisms and provide an Action Plan for training and development. A total number of 210 respondents who were administered Shift Work Index Questionnaire and were tabulated and analyzed using Factor Analysis, ANOVA and Post Hoc Analysis in Sheffe method. The overall results of the study showed that the level of coping mechanisms such as social, domestic, sleep routine and work performance suggests significant difference with the three groups of shift workers, thus, the hypothesis is rejected. However, health and well – being do not show significant difference as to the response of the three groups of shift workers, hence the hypothesis was supported. In lieu with other researches, it was determined that shift workers have their own coping strategies to deal with their problem and when it results to successful coping, it leads to restoration of physical and psychological well – being. When the coping skills are not adequate the stress may lead to negative physical and psychological well – being. The implications of Action Plan is that BPO Companies may develop and enhance trainings and development seminars and programs which involves Physical health activities, Psychological health programs and Coping Mechanism strategies to limit the problems encountered by shift workers.

66-72

Authors: AIMEE ROSE A. ARGUELLES – MANDA, MA Psych

Addiction is a family disease. It causes members of a family to develop coping methods that help them interact with one another. This descriptive study explored the relationship between level of depression and self-esteem of 30 codependents of recovering addicts. Respondents are mostly in their midlife, married, and college graduate females who were spouses or wives of recovering addicts. Majority of them experience low levels of depression while only minimal are clinically depressed. As for self esteem, half of the respondents had moderately low levels while the other half had either mildly low or severely low levels. Results show there is no significant relationship between the level of depression and self esteem of codependents of recovering addicts and that depression doesn’t really equate into a low level of self esteem. This research recommends that a more in-depth research be done to explore more contributing factors on the level of self-esteem of Codependents including a comparative study on those who have dependents still in active addiction. Aside from this, institutions involved such as schools, counselors and rehabilitation centers educate families and children of codependents at a young age about addiction as a disease and use the findings of this study to come up with more supportive programs for the family.

82-88

Authors: VERONICA JOY V. BENCITO, MBA

This study focused on the customer satisfaction among the members of the Summit Point Golf and Country Club which served as the basis for continuous improvement. It determined the level of customer satisfaction on the services offered by the Summit Point employees in terms of food and beverages, customer service and facilities. Lastly, it also tested the significant differences on the level of customer satisfactions when grouped according to their membership variables of the club. The descriptive type of research was used to assess the operation of the club. Data gathered were analyzed using the weighted mean and ANOVA method. The members of the Summit Point Golf and Country Club are generally satisfied in terms of facilities and amenities, food and beverages and customer service. The hypothesis has no significant difference between the membership profile and level of customer satisfaction in terms of facilities and amenities and customer service is rejected. This means that their responses differ as to their reasons of joining the club, their obtained degree and the frequency of playing in the club.

100-107

Authors: JOANEL U. BUENAVENTURA, MBA

This study aimed to help Batelec-1 in Calatagan to expand and improve their service to provide a more reliable service to end – users. Descriptive type of research method was utilized in the study. The results reveal that the overall assessment of the respondents on the level of service reliability in terms of construction services was reliable. However, clearing of line schedule and available maintenance equipment and machine was assessed less reliable. On the level of consumers’ satisfaction in construction and maintenance services, the overall assessment of the respondents was satisfied but interruption duration and action on complaints and request got the lowest mean score and interpreted as less satisfied. The results also show that the common problems and complaints encountered by the consumers were lack of information drive, unavailability of consumer hotline, inadequate facilities and equipment, and delayed action on service request/complaints. A proposed action plan is designed to provide continuous reliability on Batelec-1 services. Based on the results of the study, construction and maintenance services of Batelec-1 in the selected Barangays in Calatagan are considered reliable, yet, can still be improved. Electric consumers are generally satisfied on personnel, construction and maintenance services yet less satisfied on information dissemination. The common problems and complaints from the consumers include lack of information drive and inavailability of consumer hotline. An action plan is proposed to provide continuous reliability on Batelec-1 services.

115-123

Authors: JIYE A. MARGATE

The purpose of the study was to document the pastora, a song-dance performance during Christmas season that calls to celebrate the birth of Jesus Christ in two towns of Camarines Sur, Philippines. Specifically, it focused on its production aspect. The categories include: the handing down of oral traditions which influenced the trainers' casting, choreography, costumes, props, musical accompaniment, and performances. The researcher made use of real time data: videotaped pastora dances, observer’s notes, ex post facto data: stimulated recall and interviews. There were similarities and differences in the production of these pastora. Both of the trainers were exposed to this activity at a young age. At present, their granddaughters are members of their respective pastora groups—one way of handing down the oral tradition to the younger generations. Both groups have dresses made of silks and laces. With regard to the choice of colors, Mimay prefers to use light colors such as white, light blue, and pink while Rita favors loud colors such as red, green, and golden yellow. At present they use only one kind of musical instrument in their pastora. Pastora Baao uses a saxophone while pastora Bombon uses a guitar. The trainers also differ in standards for recruiting members. Mimay prefers to invite girls with good singing voice, good dancing ability, and good physical appearance, while Rita believes that willingness is the most important quality of a pastora. The similarities in the production of these pastora reveal the possibility that pastora in Camarines Sur came from one source. The similarities also revealed the impact of pastora in maintaining religiosity and the socio-cultural environment. The differences are influenced by the tradition handed down to trainers, the trainers’ personal outlook, geographical locations, and economic condition.

130-134

Authors: DEXTER R. BUTED, NORMA L. MEÑEZ, MICHELLE BARUC, JOVITA BORBON

Taal is renowned for its fine art of embroidery being kept alive by the woman living in the heritage town. The study aimed to determine how the respondents perceive embroidery industry in Taal, Batangas. Descriptive type of research was utilized in the study. Results showed that respondents strongly agreed that human resources in terms of labor were adequate which indicated that multipliers occur in the business wherein, it was not just the tourism industry being benefited by the income coming from the tourist but also it provides employment. In terms of the monthly income of the respondents, most of them got a monthly income of 10,000 – 19,000 when their product establish contact to some extent, rapport with some entrepreneurs by engaging in a small business venture with them through friends who bought embroidery item in a bulk to be sold in the city. The respondents mostly agreed that the needle was the most adequate material resources in making embroidery. As the ways of the government of Taal in promoting embroidery, the respondents mostly agreed that the provincial events contributed to the promotion of embroidery. The promotion of provincial events got the highest weighted mean. Budgetary problem was the main factor for not engaging in embroidery. The respondents strongly agreed that because of changes in the design, modes of production and distribution, cost and materials capital increased.

6-13

Authors: Myra C. Britiller, Lovelyn Q. Ramirez, Frances Margott C. Ramos, Darryl Marvin C. Reyes, Kimberlyn D. Salazar, Joyce Ann M. Sandoval

Teaching is highly charged with feeling, aroused by and directed towards not just people, but also values and ideals (Garritz, 2010). Emotions and feelings greatly affect the way the students learn and acquire knowledge. There must be a balance between the three domains of learning because once one domain is left behind, the other domains will be affected. The purpose of this study is to determine nurse educators’ affective teaching strategies. Specifically, it assessed the strategies of nurse educators on how to develop the affective domain of student nurses. In addition, the study assessed the values of student nurses in terms of God-centeredness, Leadership, Integrity, and Nationalism. Lastly, the researchers proposed innovative teaching methodologies to enhance the attitudes of nursing students. This study used descriptive research design. The respondents of the study were the nursing students and clinical instructors of Lyceum of the Philippines University – Batangas. 190 student nurses were chosen through stratified random sampling while 10 clinical instructors were chosen based on the number of times they handled the students both in lecture and clinical area. The instruments were selfmade and standardized questionnaire and interview guide to obtain the data needed for the study. The data gathered are compiled, organized and tabulated for statistical treatment. Weighted mean was utilized to compute the quantitative data whereas the interview was used to form the qualitative analysis. Role modelling is the most common strategy of nurse educators to enhance the affective domain of student nurses. Their actions consciously and unconsciously affecting the attitude of the students. Hence, confidence among the students needs most attention in developing affective domain as it produce change in other values presented in the study. The proposed teaching strategies aim to enhance the affective domain of nursing students in line with the institutional core values.

20-24

Authors: Dr. Ismail Ipek and Dr. Ömer Faruk Sözcü

The purpose of this paper is to provide basic dimensions for rapid training development in e-learning courses in education and business. Principally, it starts with defining task analysis and how to select tasks for analysis and task analysis methods for instructional design. To do this, first, learning and instructional technologies as visions of the future were discussed. Second, the importance of task analysis methods in rapid e-learning was considered, with learning technologies as asynchronous and synchronous e-learning development. Finally, rapid instructional design concepts and e-learning design strategies were defined and clarified with examples, that is, all steps for effective task analysis and rapid training development techniques based on learning and instructional design approaches were discussed, such as m-learning and other delivery systems. As a result, the concept of task analysis, rapid e-learning development strategies and the essentials of online course design were discussed, alongside learner interface design features for learners and designers.

30-36

Authors: Marie Paz E. Morales

The study critically explored how a PASCO-designed technology (SPARK ScienceLearning System) is meaningfully integrated into the teaching of selected topics in Earth and Environmental Science. It highlights on modelling the effectiveness of using the SPARK Learning System as a primary tool in learning science that leads to learning and achievement of the students. Data and observation gathered and correlation of the ability of the technology to develop high intrinsic motivation to student achievement were used to design framework on how to meaningfully integrate SPARK ScienceLearning System in teaching Earth and Environmental Science. Research instruments used in this study were adopted from standardized questionnaires available from literature. Achievement test and evaluation form were developed and validated for the purpose of deducing data needed for the study. Interviews were done to delve into the deeper thoughts and emotions of the respondents. Data from the interviews served to validate all numerical data culled from this study. Cross-case analysis of the data was done to reveal some recurring themes, problems and benefits derived by the students in using the SPARK ScienceLearning System to further establish its effectiveness in the curriculum as a forerunner to the shift towards the 21st Century Learning.

42-46

Authors: Henry Ogheneovo Oshemughen (Ph.D)

This study analyzed university students’ performance in Post UTME in Delta and Edo states, with a view to determining whether students’ performance in Post UTME was dependent on faculty of study and gender. Two research questions were raised and two hypotheses were formulated and tested. The ex-post facto design was adopted and the population of the study comprised the students in all universities in Delta and Edo states that took the Post UTME in 2009/2010 and 2010/2011 academic sessions. A sample size of 6000 students was selected through stratified random sampling technique. Instrument used for this study was students’ records containing post UTME scores. The data collected were analyzed using mean, z – test and the ANOVA. The findings from the analysis of data showed a significant difference of 1.27 between the performance of male and female university students in post UTME; and a significant difference between the performances of students in different faculties. Based on the findings, it was concluded that the performance of university students in post UTME was dependent on their gender and faculty of study.

57-62

Authors: Maria Luisa A. Valdez, Ph.D.

This study generally aimed to analyze Mahatma Gandhi’s doctrine of ahimsa and its implication on noted Filipino students’ values. This paper employed the qualitative philosophical method of research in analyzing the tenets of ahimsa in the representative literary works chosen. This involved the science of textual criticism and hermeneutics supported by the researcher’s analysis and insights with reference to the content of the texts to bring about the philosophical treatment of the identified works. The results of analysis and interpretation revealed that: 1) Ahimsa refers to the principle of nonviolence based on the sacredness of all living creatures and an important tenet of ancient Indian religions specifically Jainism, Buddhism and Hinduism; 2) Gandhi is one of the writer-thinkers who philosophizes that ahimsa is the ontological core of existence; 3) The salient points of the doctrine find their noblest expressions and exemplifications on his life and works; 4) While leading nationwide campaigns to ease the humanitarian issues of poverty, women’s rights, religious and ethnic harmony and injustices of the caste system which are quite evident in his works, Gandhi applied the principles of nonviolent civil disobedience, playing a key role in freeing India from foreign domination, (http://www.youthforhumanrights.org/voices-for-humanrights/ champions/mahatma-gandhi.html) and 5) Gandhi’s writings can inspire the Filipino students to turn to the transcendental diversion of humanity and to change the way they think and review their values through the tenets of literature supplied by the re-examined nonviolence advocate and his commitment to life here and thereafter.

66-73

Authors: Prof. DELIA A. PARAGADOS

This experimental research determined the acceptability in terms of appearance, aroma, texture, flavor and general acceptability of canistel (Lacuma nervosa A. DC) fruit flour in different proportions in making cookies. This study was conducted in December 2011 at West Visayas State University – Calinog Campus, Calinog, Iloilo. Five treatments were used in the study – four of them utilized canistel fruit flour at various proportions and one treatment was used as the control group which utilized all purpose flour. The respondents of the study were the 15 faculty and staff, 15 Food Technology and BSHRM students of WVSU - Calinog Campus, and 15 housewives at Brgy. Simsiman, Calinog, Iloilo who were selected through purposive sampling. The respondents evaluated the finished products using a modified sensory evaluation score sheet based on Five Point Hedonic Scale. There were five treatments replicated three times. The statistical tools used were the means, standard deviation, One – Way Analysis of Variance, and the LSD. The .01 alpha level was used as the criterion for acceptance or rejection of the null hypotheses. The study revealed that cookies prepared using all treatments were “liked very much” in terms of appearance, aroma, texture, flavor and general acceptability. While cookies with 100% all - purpose flour were liked moderately by the evaluators. These results led to the conclusion that there is a significant difference that existed in the level of acceptability of canistel fruit flour in making cookies in terms of aroma, texture, flavor and general acceptability, therefore the null hypothesis is rejected. However, no significant difference in the level of acceptability of canistel fruit flour in making cookies in terms of appearance, therefore the null hypothesis is accepted.

79-85

Authors: JOY D. JOCSON

This survey-correlational study aimed to investigate the self-concept, values orientation, and teaching performance among hospitality educators of the West Visayas State University System. The study was conducted in January 2013 and utilized 42 randomly selected hospitality educators as participants. The simple random sampling method was used in the selection of the participants. Three (3) standardized and published datagathering instruments were adapted to obtain the data for the study. To ascertain the degree of self-concept, Girdano and Everly’s (1979) Self-perception Test instrument was used. In determining the pre-dominant values orientation, Rokeach’s (1973) Value Survey Form used by Rabago (1988) was utilized. To ascertain the level of teaching performance, the WVSU F-PES was employed. Frequency counts, rank, percentage analyses, mean scores, and standard deviations were employed as descriptive statistics; while t-test for independent samples, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson’s Product Moment Coefficient of Correlation (Pearson’s r) were employed as inferential statistics. The criterion for the acceptance or rejection of the null hypotheses was set at .05 alpha level. The results of the study revealed that, generally, the hospitality educators had outstanding teaching performance and strong self-concept. Family security, salvation, and happiness were their most important terminal values while social recognition, a world of beauty and pleasure were their least important values. Loving, responsible, and honest were their most important instrumental values and imaginative, ambitious, and clean were their least important values. In terms of teaching performance, no significant differences existed when hospitality educators were classified according sex, age, civil status, educational attainment, status of employment and number of years in teaching. Significant differences existed in the degree of self-concept among hospitality educators grouped according to age and civil status. However, they did not differ significantly in their degree of self-concept when they were classified according sex, educational attainment, status of employment, and number of years in teaching. Negative but significant relationship existed between the hospitality educator’s self-concept and teaching performance.

91-98

Authors: Raymund B. Moreno, MSBA-HRM

This study aimed to assess the level of competence of Food and Beverage Services NC II certified passers in Western Visayas as part of ensuring that what industry wants (stated as a competency standards) comes back in outcomes of training (represented by a credential issued to a learner). Moreover, the result of the study serves as the basis for designing a proposed training plan in strengthening the Food and Beverage Services NC II Training Program in Western Visayas. The study surveyed 50 Food and Beverage Services Certified NC II Passers and 8 supervisors assigned in different hotel establishments in Western Visayas using the survey questionnaire based from TESDA’s training regulations for Food and Beverage Services NC II to collect relevant data from the population of the study. The data was analyzed using frequency count, means, standard deviation, ranks and SPSS software for statistical analysis. Results of the study based on the data culled from the respondents’ collated scores showed that NC II passers are fully aware of the competencies required by the industry in their workplace. T –tests indicated that there are significant differences among the responses of participants NC II passers and their respective supervisors. The obtained p value of 0 .008, 0 .006 and 0 .000 for t- test paired differences was less than 0 .05 alpha levels on basic, common and core competencies. Study also showed that there is a varying degree of responses on the perceived level of competence of Food and Beverage Services NC II passers in Western Visayas in all competencies as rated by the NC II passers’ themselves compared to the ratings of their respective supervisors. Thus, this study supported to the thesis that on the perceived level of competence based on the core competencies, both respondents are in agreement in the importance of executive bodies of national systems that work in the field of competencies standardization and/or certification applied to meet the required standards of industry. Despite of the mandated standards of Food and Beverage NC II trainings and Competency Assessment, participants are in agreement that there are major issues and concerns to be accounted for further improvements.

115-120

Authors: Dr. Merlita C. Medallon & Marlyn Gallardo

The study was conducted to determine the awareness and sensitivity of the younger generation in environmental issues such global warming, climate change and waste management. Data were gathered from selected students who attended the environmental awareness seminar held at Lyceum of the Philippines – Laguna in 2011. There were 54 students who participated in the survey. The respondents had participated in several activities related to environmental issues which include attendance to seminars, and participation in school and community projects. Most of the information about environmental issues was obtained by the students from their teachers. Global warming was the most common issue. There was a significant increase in the level of knowledge after the environmental awareness campaign was made. As a result, the highest level of action proposed by the students is on the proper disposal of wastes and the proper segregation of wastes.

131-138

Authors: Merlita C. Medallon, Grace O. Martinez

Assessment in the classroom is done to determine the effectiveness of the lesson delivery and the extent of learning acquired by the students. The study identified the determinants of teaching effectiveness and learning acquisition of students enrolled in selected major courses in the International Hospitality Management Program. Utilizing a descriptive-evaluative design, data were collected from 210 students enrolled in courses of the International Tourism and Hospitality Management Program. Findings show that the level of interest of the students is a great consideration in increasing their level of learning acquisition. The significant determinants of teaching effectiveness are number of absences and the level of interest of the students. The significant determinant of learning acquisition is the level of interest of the students.

143-151

Authors: Rema B. Ocampo, Ruby A. Acio, Lea Janessa P. Arellano, Charmaine A. Cortez

This study Thematic Analysis of the Isneg Literature was conducted for the collection, categorization, and compilation of Isneg literary texts/pieces to be used as materials for instruction in culture and literature related topics. Thematic analysis was applied in each literary texts/pieces, thereby making it easier for future users of the materials to aptly choose which text suits their lesson. Moreover, the analysis could lead one to understand better the Isnegs’ way of life.

156-160

Authors: DR. IBIA E. IBIA

The Universal Basic Education (UBE) was launch in 1999 to replace the failed Universal Primary Education (UPE) of the 1970s. The focus of UBE is to take education to the doorsteps of all Nigerians. Inspired by the relative tag on Nigeria as a country where nothing work, the study was carried out with much reliance on secondary sources of data and observation pivoted by Robert Merton’s version of the functional theory. We assert that although the ideals of UBE are lofty, it could fail as the previous UPE programme. To stem the tide, we suggests the application of the principles of Social Demand Approach (SDA) which exposes the essential conditions that must be met before a high level of success of UBE can be guaranteed. We recommend accurate demographic data, proper funding, stiff penalty against destructive elements and assurance of quality among others. We conclude that educational problems are artificial and in man lies the solution.

166-6-169

Authors: CHARLIE P. NACARIO, GLORIA B. OSEA, VLADIMIR R. FORONDA, MA. TERESA B. LIRAG

A research study was conducted to determine the readiness and acceptability of information and communication technology (ICT) integration in six internet connected Public High Schools (ischools) in Camarines Sur. It also aimed to determine the ICT knowledge, skills and attitude of faculty and students in ischools, ICT trainings and competencies of teachers and availability of ICT facilities in the schools and community. Purposive sampling was used in determining the respondents of the study and quantitative statistical tools such as frequency counts, percentage rates and weighted means were used in analyzing the data. Findings revealed that faculty and students in two out of the six schools were highly knowledgeable and highly skilled in ICT hardware and software components identification but only one school was found to be highly competent on ICT usage. All faculty members in one school integrated ICT in teaching English, Math, Science and TLE however, no school integrated ICT in Social Studies. The availability of ICT resources and the provision of initial ICT trainings to faculty and students in ischools contributed to ICT integration in teaching. The initial level of ICT integration in teaching is indicative of faculty and students’ readiness and acceptance of ICT tools in teaching-learning environment. Recommendations in the study were conduct of retraining courses on ICT; development of ICT-based teaching modules in Social Studies; conduct future studies that would test relationship between socio-demographic profile and ICT integration in teaching; and correlate ICT competencies of students in achievement tests in English, Math, and Science among ischools.

178-188

Authors: JADERICK P. PABICO

One among the many questions in social network analysis is how links form among members of Internet-mediated social network (ISN), where most members are usually anonymous, while link formation (i.e., interactions) between members are facilitated only by non-personal communication technologies. Researchers offer preferential attachment (PA) as a possible mechanism that can explain the behaviour of link formation, not only for real-world communities, but for artificial communities, such as ISNs, as well. PA suggests that members choose to be linked with members characterized with many links who are considered “central” to the community. This is because it is believed that central members can be relied to as a channel, if not the source themselves, of information, of wealth, or of any other kind of currency that the community is using. In this paper, the link formation process of members of one large ISN was examined to look for empirical evidences of PA among members who were clustered together according to the order of magnitude of their number of links at the global level. Members whose initial number of links that totals only up to ten thousand exhibit the opposite of PA, while members whose initial number of links that sums greater than ten thousand exhibit PA. This means that the lower bound for initial links for PA, at least for this particular ISN, is 10,000. Additionally, for those members whose link formation follow the PA mechanism, the order of magnitude of the rate of increase in their number of links is proportional to the order of magnitude of their initial number of links.

194-198

Authors: ROLANDO R. CRUZADA, JR.

This study focused on the determination of the delivery of services of day care workers in the municipality of Sta. Maria, Province of Laguna during the first semester of school year 2012-2013. Descriptive research was used in this study. Among the key findings were that Day Care Workers with respect to interactional relationship accomplished the functions with outstanding adequacy such as constantly giving feedback and praises on the performance of children, along with workers and parents coordination and cooperation, with verbal interpretation of Always Observe. In terms of instructional quality both group of respondents perceived that day care workers in-charge had adequate abilities and competencies concerning their education and trainings in connection with teaching small children with verbal interpretation of Always Observe. The parents had confidence to the day care workers in-charge of their children aside from regularly consulting the day care workers about their children’s progress with verbal interpretation of Always Observe. There were only 871 households who availed of the services of day care centers in which 27 workers were employed and each of them assigned to handle an average of 33 children. Notable along with other findings was the day care workers and parents had the same perception as to the extent of services provided by the Day Care Center with respect to interactional relationship, instructional quality and parental participation. Subsequently the study ensued with these five factual remarks: Children’s interactions with parents in the centers were the direct mechanisms through which children learn. The educational qualification and the capability of the day care workers to handle small children were the primary essentials in children’s learning. Parents’ participation in the day care centers premises brought harmonious relationship between the Day Care Workers and children as well. The capacity of day care worker with reference to number of pupils affected the qualities of children’s learning inside the classroom. Parents and Day Care Workers relationship was the key for children’s progression inside the classroom.

205-208

Authors: DR. EDGAR M. BAYLON, JR.

The study was undertaken to evaluate the classroom assessment employed by the teachers, the critical-thinking and academic performance of the students in the laboratory high schools (LHS) of Central Bicol State University of Agriculture, school year 2012-2013. The descriptive-evaluative, descriptive-correlation and descriptive-comparative methods of research were used. The findings revealed that only 11 out of 50 types of classroom assessment techniques are being used in the two laboratory high schools of CBSUA, namely: CDE-LHS and CDE–CSHB. Except for the use of human tableau or class modeling and application cards in few instances, the other techniques used by the teachers were classified as low-order thinking skills like “remembering” and “understanding”. “Applying”, “analyzing”, “evaluating” and “creating” were rarely used by the teachers. There were significant differences in the levels of critical thinking among the second year students in the two LHS along remembering, understanding, analyzing and evaluating while for third year high school students in the two LHS there was significant difference in evaluating but not significantly different with the rest of the levels. In terms of students’ academic performance in Science and “remembering”; English and “evaluating” in school A, there was a significant relationship between the level of critical thinking among students and their academic performance in the three subjects. The teacher-related factors along gender, marital status, employment status, and number of awards received, were significantly associated with the questioning skills of the teachers. In general, the findings indicated that there were significant association between the student-related factors and the different levels of critical thinking.

214-218

Authors: Cristopher R. Parungao, Lowell P. Bautista, Roslyn Mariano, Vilma M. Bonifacio, Marjorie V. Aguinaldo

Unintended teenage pregnancy is an ever-present issue in developing countries such as the Philippines. The impact of teenage pregnancy affects the physical, emotional, social, and spiritual well being of the adolescents. Teen pregnancies carry extra health risks to both the mother and the baby. Nurses play a crucial role in supporting young people as trusted practitioners in a range of settings. This study aimed to explore the lived experiences of the teenage pregnant women. Six adolescent female aged 12-19 years old who were pregnant with their first child agreed to participate. A qualitative inquiry, specifically Husserlian descriptive phenomenology was employed. Semi-structured in depth face-to-face interviews were undertaken, audiotaped, transcribed, and analyzed using Colaizzi’s method. The richness of the experiences shared by the selections provided the necessary information to understand and describe the essence of the phenomenon understudy. Cool and warm analyses captured the following emergent themes of Trends toward issues, Fortified faith, and Optimistic outlook. For the selections in this study, being pregnant at a young age did not mean that their life and future were all over. The women were optimistic about their futures. The findings of the study have vital implications in offering specific programs and services and in developing educational materials that focus on preventing teen pregnancy. While health nurse practitioners primarily provide services and education to teens and parents in various health care facilities, they also can be significant participants in prevention activities and coalitions that are based in a community. The outcomes of the study have possible contributions to the nursing practice, to policies that facilitate the promotion of the health of the teenage mothers and the prevention of teenage pregnancies, and in building future researches especially in the education of the teens about the consequences of pregnancy.

223-227

Authors: FROILAN G. DESTREZA, FRANCIS CARLO V. SOLLESTRE, MARJORIE V. VASQUEZ AND FRANCIS B. MENDOZA

This study is for the BSHRM Students of Batangas State University (BatStateU) ARASOF for the researchers believe that the Wireless 3D Chocolate Printer would be helpful in their degree program especially on making creative, artistic, personalized and decorative chocolate designs. The researchers used the Prototyping model as procedural method for the successful development and implementation of the hardware and software. This method has five phases which are the following: quick plan, quick design, prototype construction, delivery and feedback and communication. This study was evaluated by the BSHRM Students and the assessment of the respondents regarding the software and hardware application are all excellent in terms of Accuracy, Effecitveness, Efficiency, Maintainability, Reliability and User-friendliness. Also, the overall level of acceptability of the design project as evaluated by the respondents is excellent. With regard to the observation about the best raw material to use in 3D printing, the chocolate is good to use as the printed material is slightly distorted,durable and very easy to prepare; the icing is also good to use as the printed material is not distorted and is very durable but consumes time to prepare; the flour is not good as the printed material is distorted, not durable but it is easy to prepare. The computation of the economic viability level of 3d printer with reference to ROI is 37.14%. The recommendation of the researchers in the design project are as follows: adding a cooling system so that the raw material will be more durable, development of a more simplified version and improving the extrusion process wherein the user do not need to stop the printing process just to replace the empty syringe with a new one.

233-235

Authors: RENZ MERVIN A. SALAC, MARY GRACE A. CONOCIDO, DANNY BOY S. VILLAVIRAY, NELIN JOYCE CORTEZ

“First Impression, Last” all web based systems are judged by that quote. In modern age technology, people are interested in an eye-catching website, information system, mapping system, etc. It gives more meaning to people when it comes to technology. An information system basically handles the flows and maintenance of information that supports a business or some other operation. It contains information about significant people, places and things within the organisation or in the environment surrounding it. It is any combination of information technology people’s activities that support operations, management and decision making. Moringa or Malunggay, also known as the Miracle Tree, is a multipurpose plant, as the leaves, pods, fruits, flowers, roots and barks of the tree can be utilized. These humble leaves ate a powerhouse of nutritional value. Moringa have a great contribution to our health it gives may health benefits which human beings need for their daily operations. From the statement, the researchers proposed a web based system entitled “NasugbuMalunggay Information and Mpping System” that can help moringa lovers and citizens of Nasugbu too map it all over Nasugbu together with its species, address, and the date planted and it is uploaded to the internet. The researchers used Waterfall Model as its development process model. The programming language used in the study was PHP, HTML, CSS and Google Map API for the mapping system and MySQL in managing the database. The study have three users; the admin, viewer, and feeder. The feeder will feed additional moringa information to the map that the admin will confirm and at the same time the admin can be a feeder. After getting the overall understanding of the respondents the NasugbuMalunggay Information and Mapping System was rated Very Good having a weighted average of 4.2.

240-242

Authors: Iqra Jabeen, Asad Mehmood

The aim of this paper is to analyze stereotype construction of gender roles in the text of children's stories which inculcate in the children’s crude minds socially developed gender differences. For this purpose, the study followed Dell Hymes’ speaking model. This model has sixteen components that can be applied to different types of Discourse (speech interaction): message form; message content; setting; scene; Speaker/sender; address or; the hearer/receiver/audience; addressee; purposes (outcomes); purposes (goals); key; channels; forms of speech; norms of interaction; norms of interpretation; and genres. Selected children's stories were analyzed to identify their role as primary thought developing sources in the mind of young learners thus shaping their gender identities. This study would be beneficial in drawing the attention of authors, editors and writers of children's literature to redefine gender roles in order to minimize gender differences.