Asia Pacific Journal of Multidisciplinary Research

1-4

Authors: Shirley G. Cabrera and Kwang-Deog Moon

It is well known that phenolic compounds and flavonoids have a lot of health benefits. Most current heat treatments especially those that are using too high temperature and longer period of processing produce juice with unacceptable analytical and sensory properties. Thus, microwave heating, ultrasonication and blanching before grape juice processing were employed in this study. Each juice sample was subjected to total phenolics, total flavonoid, total anthocyanin and % radical scavenging activity analysis. Analysis of Variance and Duncan’s multiple range tests were performed using the SAS program. The concentration of total phenolics, total flavonoids, total anthocyanin and % radical scavenging activity of the grape juices treated with microwave heating and ultrasonication increased significantly with increasing treatment time notably at 5 min treatment. It can be noted that all the bioactive contents and % radical scavenging activity were higher in noncold stabilized grape juice than in cold stabilized juices. However, blanching whole grapes for longer period of time before processing resulted in the decrease of all bioactive compounds and % radical scavenging activity both in non-cold stabilized and cold stabilized juice especially at 5 min blanching period. It was also showed that 1 min blanching is more effective in increasing the bioactive compounds of the grape juice as compared to other treatment time.

12-16

Authors: Parichat Wiang-in, Jarernchai Chonpairot and Truong Ngoc Thang

This is a qualitative designed and conducted with two primary research aims, which were: 1) To study the life and experiences of symphonic orchestra conductors in Hanoi, Vietnam; 2) To study the inheritance process for conductors of the symphonic orchestra in Hanoi, Vietnam. The research area for this investigation was purposively selected as the Vietnam National Academy of Music in Hanoi. The investigation began in October 2012 and was concluded in January 2014. The two key informants for this investigation were expert conductors and teachers at the academy, Dr. Nguyễn Phúc Linh and Dr. Nguyễn Thiếu Hoa. Data was collected from a combination of document analysis and field research. Tools used for data collection included interviews, participant and non-participant observation and focus group discussions. Results show that both of the key informants for this investigation were born into families of artists and had a particularly close relationship with traditional folk art. Scholarships to study abroad at the Tchaikovsky University, Russia enabled them to learn from Russian conductors and they developed the skills that have now led them to be recognized as being among the most accomplished conductors in Vietnam. The process of instruction preferred by these two academics is taught in three steps: the preparation stage, the teaching stage and the assessment and evaluation stage. The benefits of studying with Dr. Nguyễn Phúc Linh and Dr. Nguyễn Thiếu Hoa are the cumulative experiences of international conducting practices and the high standards that the two academics possess and demand.

25-33

Authors: Susan S. Janer, Ritzelda A. Deri, Ryan V. Dio, Felisa D. Marbella , Jhonner D. Ricafort

In response to the CHED’s Higher Education Development Project and the need to track the status of Sorsogon State College (SSC) teacher education graduates, this research was conceptualized. The study aims to gauge the teacher education program’s thrust of providing a quality and relevant education that could ensure worthwhile and appropriate employment opportunity to its graduates. Descriptive research design was employed in this study. Surveys, unstructured interviews, and documentary analysis were undertaken to gather pertinent data among the respondents. The study consists of 427 teacher education graduates who were selected through stratified random technique. This tracer study determined the employability of Teacher Education graduates in SSC, Sorsogon Campus from 2009 to 2013 with an end-view of proposing a Teacher Education Enhancement Program (TEEP) to enhance the competitive edge of SSC Teacher Education graduates in all teaching job opportunities. The intellectual, social and linguistic attributes of the SSC graduates were likewise identified in this study. Some of the factors identified by the respondents that could help improve their competitive edge are the pre-service trainings, job placement program, teacher education curriculum enrichment, and Licensure Examination for Teachers (LET) review program.

41-45

Authors: Warakorn Poolswat, Kla Somtrakool and Prarop Kaoses

This research aims to study the historical background and current situation of care management in nursing homes for the elderly in Western Thailand and develop care management according to Buddhist principles. This qualitative research analyzes three nursing homes using interview, observation, focus group discussion and workshop as data collection tools. The researchers used a snowball sampling method to identify 109 respondents, made up of 35 key informants, 34 casual informants and 40 general informants. The researchers verified data with a triangulation method and analyzed information descriptively. Results found that the most eminent problems in care management of elderly nursing homes are the image of experts, environment and activity management. Nursing homes do not respond to spiritual requests because of a lack of social and spiritual development. It is necessary to find a new way to emphasize responsibility and respond to spiritual requests by Buddhist means. In this paper, the researchers propose a set of guidelines for the care management of nursing homes in Western Thailand.

51-58

Authors: Olatundun Abosede Oderinde

Jesus in his teachings in the Gospels expressly pointed out that, respecting a child, recognizing a child’s individuality, nurturing children into usefulness by serving them, are as important as any other ministry. He gave attention to children brought to him and blessed them. Jesus’ affection for children and his attitude towards them is at variance, in most cases, with the attitude of many adults in some cultures today where children are seen as mentally deficient, ignorant, capricious and foolish and thereby get little or no recognition. The Yoruba place a high premium on child-bearing, child-training and blessing of children because the children mirror the parents in the society and they are expected to carry on the legacy of the parents after their demise. The attitude of neglecting children, not giving them enough attention both at home and in the church today calls for concern. The ‘world’ is so encumbered with challenges and demands that many adults rarely have time for children; some don’t even want to have children in order to avoid the responsibility of caring and nurturing. However, children are very central to the continuity of the human race and as such should be given necessary recognition, blessings and training that will enable them to become responsible adults. The paper attempts a historical - grammatical analysis of Mark10:13-16. The reception of children by Jesus is set against child neglect, child suffering and child abuse in Nigeria today. A study of Jesus’ teaching and affection for children in the context of the Yoruba practices is done purposely to challenge contemporary conceptions about children and make readers to reflect on their own attitudes and behavior to children. We must learn from Jesus’ teaching, to emulate child-like characteristics of lowliness, trust, powerlessness and absolute dependence on God, in order to have peace here on earth and enter the Kingdom of God. Jesus’ acceptance of the children should be seen as a condemnation of the practice of turning children out of the home either through the actions of the parents or by their words.

68-73

Authors: Lorissa Joana Esguerra-Buenas

The paper presents the design and the materials used in the development of an E-Mouse or the Ergo-Mouse. The proposed engineering design is based on the studies conducted about the risk factors such as having a carpal tunnel syndrome in using the traditional mouse. The concepts of the existing traditional mouse incorporated the features of a touch pad, which is ergonomically designed was considered in the development of the project. The proponent made use of different technologies such as the Bluetooth to connect the E-Mouse to the computer system, the capacitive glass touch screen sensor type which is made of a glass panel, a controller which acts as the interface between the display and the sensor and the software driver to recognize the input. Emphasis is mainly on the kind of materials to be used and to come up with the design that is tailor fit to the needs of the users with the current technology.

83-88

Authors: Siriwan Intrakamhaeng, Chamnan Rodhetbhai and Marisa Koseyayothin

This research is aimed to solve the problems of Thai pronunciation by studying the conditions, factors and settings of language therapist (Morbhasa) learning activities. The findings are that institutions are driven by different factors when setting learning activities and transmitting Morbhasa innovations. Morbhasa youth projects are aimed at developing leadership in students, particularly those students lacking adequate interpersonal skills. This is the biggest problem because the students have many other activities and burdens that make it difficult for project organizers to arrange schedules. The curriculum is inflexible in accommodating additional subjects, so the teachers have to implement activities after normal class time. They also lack budget, teaching materials, learning media and innovations for motivating students to attend the activities continuously. The teachers lack opportunities to develop their knowledge and understanding of implementation techniques and there is a lack of working staff and reinforcements. The research finds four methods of setting activities. Eight ways of transmitting the innovations were found: 1) by transmitting among friends; 2) by working together; 3) by working with a sense of beliefs and respect; 4) by creating a variety of activities; 5) by using a peer network; 6) by assignments from leaders; 7) by practicing the learning process; and 8) by integrating the seven strategies. The institutions should select appropriate ways for their own context, readiness and limitations. It is believed that the innovations of the language therapist Morbhasa should be widely transmitted in the educational circle to tackle critical problems of Thai language usage.

95-100

Authors: Jodi Belina A. Bejer

Glossogobius giuris is an indigenous fish in Taal Lake and is considered to be very important not only due to its reasonable price but also because unlike any other fish, it contains all the nutrients and essential amino acids. Furthermore, this fish is also suitable candidate for artificial culture in the future. Knowledge on the food habits or diet composition is important in evaluating the feeding success of G.giuris which can lead to successful management of stocks in the future. Based on the relative importance, it was found out that the insect larvae and debris were the most important prey items of the juvenile G.giuris while the nematode was the least important. Among the prey items consumed by the adult G.giuris, crustacean eggs and fish larvae had the highest relative importance while the cladocerans had the lowest importance. This revealed that the small or juvenile G.giuris tended to consume more midge larvae and copepods. The adult fish tended to consume mostly crustacean eggs and fish. The trophic level of the juvenile and adult G.giuris revealed that this fish belongs to the second and third level. Based on the calculated trophic level, it showed that this fish can be carnivore, herbivore and omnivore. Lastly, there was a significant difference in the trophic level of the two groups of G.giuris, the juvenile and the adult.

1-5

Authors: Dr. E. O. Oleabhiele; Ernest Paul Oleabhiele

- This study focused on the extent of implementation of post-economics curriculum in senior secondary schools in Edo state. Two research questions and two research hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. The research designed used for the study was the descriptive survey. The population for the study were one hundred and twenty-five (125) economics teachers. A structured questionnaire was used for the collection of data for the study while the research questions were answered using the mean and standard deviation and the research hypotheses were tested using the t-test statistics at an alpha level of 0.05. The results of the study revealed that the curriculum content of economics are adequate and in line the objective of the nation on vision 20:2020. And that the instructional strategies employed by economics teachers to implement the curriculum content are appropriate as specified by the curriculum. Based on the findings, it is recommended that economics teachers should trained to select a use instructional strategies that are learners centred and that economics teachers should be encouraged to attend seminars, workshops in order to improve their teaching skills.

11-15

Authors: Chantaya Pomsema, Boonsom Yodmalee and Sastra Lao-Akka

–The purpose of the study was twofold: 1) To study the background of cross-cultural marriage in Isan, Thailand; 2) To study cross-cultural marriage rituals of Isan women, Thailand. The study was carried out from February 2012 to February 2014 and was conducted in Khon Kaen, Udon Thani, and Nong Khai provinces. The research sample was composed of 80 individuals. The data collection tools were survey, interviews, observations and focus-group discussions. Results found that the main reason for Isan women marrying foreign men was poverty. They not only wanted to raise family income, but also reciprocate their parents for raising them. As for the foreign men, all had been married before. Some had divorced their former wives, some sons or daughters and some had health problems. Most foreign men were impressed by the good care provided by Isan women, who also had no debt burden. Prior to their marriage with foreign men, most Isan women in the research sample used to work in restaurants in Bangkok, Phuket or other tourist areas. The study found that most weddings followed Isan traditions. The parents, seniors, and relatives participating in the wedding ceremony were seen as witnesses. The bride’s parents received a dowry in cash. Most newly wedded Isan women went to live abroad with their husbands. Their children from previous marriages often went to live with their grandparents. Although many couples have successful marriages, some may experience problems later on. Further study should concern these problems.

20-25

Authors: Lei Kristoffer R. Lactuan and Jaderick P. Pabico

A shredded document D is a document whose pages have been cut into strips for the purpose of destroying private, confidential, or sensitive information I contained in D. Shredding has become a standard means of government organizations, businesses, and private individuals to destroy archival records that have been officially classified for disposal. It can also be used to destroy documentary evidence of wrongdoings by entities who are trying to hide I (e.g., as alleged by the whistle blowers in the P10-Billion pork barrel-JLN NGOs scam). Shredding does not really destroy ID but just simply jumbles I by cutting the pages of D into strips. Let D be a set of n ordered pages {p0, p1, …, pn–1}, and let each ith (X×Y)-dimension page p0≤i

31-38

Authors: Nick John B. Solar

This is a descriptive study aimed to determine the attributions of academic performance of third year and fourth year biology major students in the College of Education, West Visayas State University, School Year 2013-2014. The academic performance were categorized or measured in terms of test, projects, workbooks, and laboratory experiments, class participation, and attendance. The Attributions in academic performance were evaluated using the closed-form questionnairechecklist,categorized intoin termsof ability, effort, luck, or task difficulty. Mean frequency, mean percentage, Mann-Whitney U-test, two-sampled test set at 0.05 level of significance were used to determine if there were significant difference in the attribution when the students were taken according to their year level. The result of the study revealed that the Third Year biology majors attributed their academic performance to effort which is shown to have the highest percentage attribution in overall rank. There was no significant difference in the attributions of academic performance for third year and fourth year biology major students in terms of test, while the result for projects, workbooks, and laboratory experiment and class participation and attendance categories,was found out to have a significant difference in the attribution for the third and fourth years biology Major students’ academic performances.

52-58

Authors: Edrian E. Gonzales

This study was conducted to test the effectiveness of modular approach using decision tree in teaching integration techniques in Calculus. It sought answer to the question: Is there a significant difference between the mean scores of two groups of students in their quizzes on (1) integration by parts and (2) integration by trigonometric transformation? Twenty-eight second year B.S. Computer Science students at City College of Calamba who were enrolled in Mathematical Analysis II for the second semester of school year 2013-2014 were purposively chosen as respondents. The study made use of the non-equivalent control group posttest-only design of quasi-experimental research. The experimental group was taught using modular approach while the comparison group was exposed to traditional instruction. The research instruments used were two twenty-item multiple-choice-type quizzes. Statistical treatment used the mean, standard deviation, Shapiro-Wilk test for normality, twotailed t-test for independent samples, and Mann-Whitney U-test. The findings led to the conclusion that both modular and traditional instructions were equally effective in facilitating the learning of integration by parts. The other result revealed that the use of modular approach utilizing decision tree in teaching integration by trigonometric transformation was more effective than the traditional method

65-70

Authors: Martha Christianti, Nur Cholimah, Bambang Suprayitno

– This study is an early pace in the research development of entrepreneurship learning model for early childhood. This study aims to explore how learning entrepreneurship that has been done in the early childhood; to know whether parents, teachers, and principals support the entrepreneurship learning; and what kind of values of entrepreneurship can be developed for early childhood. The results of this research are useful to create early childhood entrepreneurial learning design. The research conducts in the form of interviews, observation, and documentation. The result shows that the school which has been developing entrepreneurship has no clear guidance of learning to develop the spirit of entrepreneurship; all teachers and principals in the research agree that entrepreneurship learning developed from an early age. However, there are 90.79% of parents agreed that from an early age has begun to develop the spirit of entrepreneurship and 9.21% said they did not agree; and the values of entrepreneurship that are able to be developed since they are in early age are self-confidence, honesty, independence, responsibility, creative, never give up/hard work, caring for the environment, teamwork, discipline, and respect.

76-82

Authors: Somyot Chinnakort, Prawit Erawan, Somkiat Tanok

This investigation aims to develop the quality of teachers’ working life in Catholic Schools. During phase one, a set of indicators of teachers’ quality of working life was developed. During phase two, teachers’ quality of working life was developed. The results identify indicators of quality of working life as: reasonable and fair compensation, collaboration and human relationship, equilibrium between working life and personal life, safe and healthy environment, development of human potential, security and professional growth and characteristics of Catholic education identity. After development using these indicators, teachers had a higher level of satisfaction, with a significance level of .01.

87-92

Authors: Sylvester MwandarYakwal, Dr. Juliana Rotkangmwa Bodang, Ruth Guyit

The present socio-economic crisis situation in Nigeria has affected so many facets of life of the people generally not least of all the life of nomadic children with disabilities. Presently, a lot of focus is being directed at the provision of educational services for children with special needs (including nomadic children) through inclusive education. This paper attempts to identify some of the ways that teaching and learning can be effectively carried out for nomadic children with disabilities in Nigeria with particular emphasis on its implications for guidance and counseling. The paper will attempt to identify the methods that can be used in the nomadic education classroom as well as establish the expected roles that guidance and counselling can play in the provision of such programmes for the enhancement of better quality of life for nomadic children with disabilities in the Nigerian educational system. Furthermore, it will strive to identify the problems emanating from the socio-economic crisis situation and how it affects nomadic children with disabilities. In particular, it will attempt to identify the counseling strategies that can be used for the insurance of better quality of life for nomadic children with disabilities generally and make far reaching recommendations to that effect.

102-107

Authors: Jessie Kristian M. Neria and Jessielyn Barro

This study aimed to determine the factors that affect the behavior of engineering student toward safety practices in the machine shop. Descriptive type of research was utilized in the study. Results showed that most of the engineering students clearly understand the signage shown in the machine shop. Students are aware that they should not leave the machines unattended. Most of the engineering students handle and use the machine properly. The respondents have an average extent of safety practices in the machine shop which means that they are applying safety practices in their every activity in machine shop. There is strong relationship between the safety practices and the factors affecting behavior in terms of signage, reminder of teacher and rules and regulation.

120-126

Authors: Marlene R. Castillo

The study aimed to determine the relationship between the use of a computer-assisted language learning (CALL) software and the TOEFL performance of nursing students. This descriptive study used a pre-test and post-test and a survey questionnaire to gather data. Interviews and observations were also conducted to gain further insights in the use of the software. Results indicate that for the three areas of the TOEFL model practice test, there is a statistically significant increase in the gain scores of the students in the post-test after being exposed to the use of the software for two semesters. They performed well in Sentence Completion and Error Identification, both under Structure and Written Expression. On the other hand, they performed only fairly for Reading Comprehension and Vocabulary. For Structure and Written Expression, the areas of strength included correct choice of main verbs, subject pronouns, and comparative use of adjective while the areas of weaknesses include correlative conjunctions, adverb-related structures, and indefinite subject and verb agreement.

136-140

Authors: Maria Lourdes V. Balansay, Mary Rose Q. Añonuevo, Rexzel M. Cuenca and Ricmart V. Garbin

The existing water filtration device has features that can be developed to be more useful and functional during emergency situations. The project’s development has been aided by following provisions in PEC, NEC, NEMA and Philippine National Standard for Safe Drinking Water provide standards for the construction of the project. These standards protect both the prototype and the user. These also served as guide for the maintenance of every component. The design of the portable hybrid powered water filtration device shows that the project has more advanced features such as portability and the power supply used such as photovoltaic module solar cells and manually operated generator. This also shows its effectiveness and reliability based on the results of discharging test, water quality test and water production test. Based on analysis of the overall financial aspects, the machine can be profitable and the amount of revenue and operating cost will increase as years pass. Using the proper machine/ tools and methods of fabrication helps in easy assembly of the project. The materials and components used are cost effective and efficient. The best time for charging the battery using solar panel is 9:00 am onwards while the hand crank generator is too slow because the generated current is little. The water filtration device is very efficient regarding the operating hours and water production. The machine may have a great effect to society and economy in generation of clean available water at less cost.

1-9

Authors: Nelva Rolina, Aprilia Tina Lidyasari, Eva Imania Eliasa

– This research will be done for 3 years (3 phases). The first year had been done on 2013 ago. 2014 is the second year of research (phase II). Research phase of this study (second year), namely development phase: the prototype of model is developed to be a model. The activities carried out in phase II include: expert validation test, readability test, revision, kindergarten teacher training, limited trial, and the trial was extended to find models that fit between the theoretical concepts with empirical data in the field. And finally (second year), from all kindergarten which be the sample study, it was found that all kindergarten were using the general assessment without special assessment for development of children’s language, so it is necessary to create assessment “PLST” to detect the development of language skill for early childhood (kindergarten student). It has to continue in second to third year. The final research, which is at the end of the third year (phase III) is expected to match model assessment “PLST” as well as the guidance in learning in kindergarten, which can be used by teachers to detect and monitor the development of language skills, identifying the amount of vocabulary and sentences are mastered children, and the stages of language development next. To achieve these objectives, the researcher adopted a model of research, development, and diffusion by Hopkins & Clark (Havelock, 1976).

17-25

Authors: Richmond Opoku-Sarkodie, E. Acheampong, Patrick Enu, Amadu Bokoum, F. A. Gardiner, T. A. Manu

This work presents the derivation of a mathematical model for extrapolating the population of Ghana using Newton’s divided difference formula. Newton’s divided difference formula was used because of the uneven time intervals at which the population census was conducted. A simulation was done using mathematical software to estimate the parameters in the derived model because the exact solution was quite difficult. The model was able to predict the population of Ghana with a residual percentage error within 10%. We will therefore recommend the usage of this model to be used for countries in which the population censuses were conducted at uneven time intervals as was the case with Ghana.

31-35

Authors: Phramaha Somdet Wongtham, Songkoon Chantachon, Sastra Laoakka

This investigation, monk development experts: Using traditional knowledge to manage community development by monks in Isan, is a qualitative study with three primary aims:To study the background of community development by monks in Northeastern Thailand, to study the current state of community development by monks in Northeastern Thailand and to outline a set of guidelines for community development by monks in Northeastern Thailand. The research area for this investigation was purposively selected and was composed of nine communities in Northeastern Thailand. Results show that monks have been involved in community development since Buddhism first arrived in North-eastern Thailand and their role is now primarily separated into three areas: Faith, knowledge and practice. The results of this investigation can be considered by local temples, communities, government institutions and individual monks when deciding how to manage and administer community development by monks in Northeastern Thailand.

49-55

Authors: Esperanza F. Carranza, Anabell A. Manga, Ryan V. Dio, Michael John A. Jamora, Fe S. Romero

- One way to assess a person’s communicative competence is through his ability to express his thoughts and ideas in appropriate words and meaningful sentences. Vocabulary learning then is critical to learning a language – be it the first, second or even foreign. However, test results, daily communication and English proficiency exams show that students have difficulty in learning vocabulary. This descriptive-evaluative study assessed the vocabulary learning and the strategies used along context clues, word analysis and dictionary skills of the 100 randomly selected second-year education students of the Sorsogon State College. The study utilized survey-questionnaire, teacher- made test and unstructured interview in gathering data. The study revealed that most of the Bachelor of Elementary Education (BEED) and Bachelor of Secondary Education (BSED) students oftentimes used strategies in learning vocabulary such as reading books and other materials, looking for clues in sentences and use the dictionary to unlock the unfamiliar words. The students attained nearly competent vocabulary performance along context clues, word analysis and dictionary skills. The context clues and word analysis skills are significantly related to the use of learning strategies when tested at 0.05 level. The developed vocabulary module to enhance the skills of the students can be validated and utilized for instruction.

63-68

Authors: Dr. Myra C. Britiller, Dr. Reda Abd eLaaL Thabet

The study determined the predictors of job satisfaction of faculty members of Al Ghad International College for Health Sciences. Demographic characteristics such as age, civil status, educational attainment and length of experience and the level of job satisfaction in terms of intrinsic factors, extrinsic factors and general factors were assessed. Significant correlation between these variables and predictors of the level of job satisfactions were identified. This study is a descriptive correlational survey involving faculty members from female Dammam, KSA campus who have stayed in the said college for one year. Intrinsic, Extrinsic and General Job Satisfaction Scale of the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ) and open-ended interview were the primary tools utilized for data collection. The results of the study revealed educational attainment as the demographic characteristic significant to all job satisfaction scale: intrinsic, extrinsic and general factors. The predictors of the level of job satisfaction of faculty members are the intrinsic factors focused on meaningful use of time at work, collegial relationship, work values, chances and opportunities and work independence. The study concluded the importance of work cohesion and collaboration, work independence and values among faculty members. Salary and quality of tasks performed is regarded as essential components of the overall satisfaction of faculty members. Managerial implications were also endorsed defining the importance of involvement of the human resource department.

76-82

Authors: MS. OSHADI JAYAKODY; PROF. HEMANTHA SENANAYAKE

According to national recommendations women should be physically active during pregnancy. The relation between physical activity during gestation and pregnancy outcomes in Sri Lankan women is poorly understood. The present study assessed whether, in a general obstetric population, prenatal physical activity affects birth outcomes. A cohort of 78 pregnant mothers was carried out from mean gestational age of 217 days, until the time of delivery. 18 to 35 age, singleton, primigravid pregnancies, were randomly assigned from the prenatal outpatient care at De Soysa Maternity Hospital, Colombo 08. Physical activity level was determined using an interviewer administrated questionnaire. Gestational age, infant birth weight, labor pain, mode of delivery and duration of labor were adopted as outcome criteria. Chi Square Test was performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 17.0 version. The occurrence of emergency caesarean delivery was significantly related to the prenatal physical activity level. (p = 0.015).Mildly active women were observed to have a greater risk.All other outcomes assessed were statistically unrelated to the level of physical activity in gestation. In light of the obtained results, physical activity during pregnancy does not appear to significantly influence the birth outcomes, except in terms of mode of delivery.

113-119

Authors: Marife G.Villena and Marian C. de Mesa

This study aimed to determine the teaching styles of the classroom managers in Pinamucan Elementary School. Specifically, it identified the demographic profile or the teachers respondents in terms of age, gender, educational qualification, number of seminars attended, assigned level and years of services; and find out which of the teaching styles of the teacher respondents in terms of whole class, individual, and small group activities are practiced. The study used descriptive methods were a standardized questionnaire was utilized as the main instrument in gathering data. Based on the result, Most of the classroom managers belonged to the middle aged bracket; had been working from 20 to 29 years in this institution, and were assigned in different grades / levels, and had attended 7-9 seminars for the length of time they had served there; majority of the respondents often use the question and answer method when doing whole class activities. For individual activities, homework is often used by the classroom managers to get their students’ attention while for small group activities, games were often practiced as means of initiating cooperation among students. The school may be practice the used of LCD. School administrator mat conduct seminars regarding modern classroom methodologies.

1-8

Authors: KEHINDE E. OBASOLA, Ph.D

The modern global dispensation has had its toll on the moral lives of the people and this has brought about a dwindling in the perception of people on what constitute morality. In this regard, there has been series of criminal activities and particularly crimes and violence of different magnitude which today has been the hall-mark of the Nigerian nation. There have been cases of militancy, insurgencies and other criminal groups parading themselves around the country. Hence, this show that moral laxity has become the order of the day. Even those in government are also culpable as many of them are corrupt and inept. The situation is rather pathetic and the average Nigerian feels insecure in his own land. The purport of this is that morality which should have been the parameter for controlling these vices are no longer functioning. Therefore, this paper argues that for there to be sanity in our social and political lives as a nation, we must covet the principles enshrined in our moral values. The paper posited that there cannot be development where morality is not given prominence among the people.

18-24

Authors: RAYMUND B. MORENO

- This experimental research was conducted to determine the sensory acceptability of mashed squash (Cucurbita Maxima) of different proportions in making ice cream in terms of appearance, aroma, texture, taste and general acceptability. Five treatments were formulated in the study—four of which utilized mashed squash at various proportions and one treatment was used as the control variable which contains no mashed squash at all. The respondents of the study were the 20 Food Technology students and 10 faculty members of West Visayas State University Calinog Campus who were selected through random sampling. The respondents evaluated the finished products using a modified sensory evaluation score sheet based on Six Point Hedonic Scale. The statistical tools used were the means, standard deviation, Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. The 0.01 alpha level was used as the criterion for acceptance or rejection of the null hypothesis. The result of the study led to the conclusion that there is a significant difference that existed in the level of acceptability of mashed squash in making ice cream in terms of appearance, aroma, and general acceptability, therefore the null hypothesis is rejected. However, no significant difference in the level of acceptability of using mashed squash in making ice cream in terms of taste and texture.

32-40

Authors: ŞTEFAN MOCANU , ADRIAN UNGUREANU , RADU VARBANESCU

– Finding new energy sources is an important challenge of our times. A lot of research focuses on identifying such sources that can also be exploited with relatively simple and efficient systems. These sources can be either new materials that can be used to generate energy, or solutions to scavenge already existing forms of energy. Part of the latter class of solutions, the system presented in this paper converts the energy consumed by many people in gyms (or even at home, during exercise) into electric energy. This energy exists anyway, because people want to be healthier or to look better. Currently, this significant (in our opinion) amount of energy is actually wasted and transformed into heat. Instead, in this study, a prototype scavenging system (dedicated to fitness/stationary bikes) to collect and (re)use this energy is presented. Specifically, we depict the design of a low-budget system that uses existing, discrete components and is able to scavenge some of the energy spent by the biker. The experimental results show that the system is functional, but its efficiency is limited by (mechanical) losses before the collection.

48-55

Authors: Muhammad Tayyab Sohail , Huang Delin1 , Aqsa Siddiq , Farwa Idrees , Sidra Arshad

Being developed countries both Pakistan and India are striving for the economic development. Pakistan and India share a 1610 km long border. They share same language, dress and culture and also six watercourses, namely the Indus, Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Sutlej and Beas, along with their numerous tributaries. Pakistan, like other countries of the region depends heavily on agriculture, with the greater part of the population relying on it for livelihood. As a result, water is not only vital for everyday needs, but a critical source for economic development. Water is a resource on which there is dependency of economy and no substitute. Pakistan and India are close neighbors and lied in South East of Asia. Apart from sharing border and history both the countries have various same customs and traditions.Both countries gained independence in 1947 from British Government, from the day of independence Pakistan has been facing lots of internal and external challenges. Apart from other conflicts, water issues also exist between Pakistan and India. After the nine years negotiation with the help of World Bank, they solved this issue but after some time it started again. Some kind of historical issues including water issues has been discussed in this paper. To judge the public opinion of the both countries, an interview survey was conducted by some international expert and from the people who are directly involved in these kind of profession of Indo-Pak relation. Analyses of interview with some statistic information and on the behalf of history some conclusions and suggestions were including at the end of this study.

65-72

Authors: Joseph B. Campit, MAEd

Computer games play a large role in socialization and the consequences of playing them have been a topic of debates. This observation led the researcher to conduct the study about the influence of computer games on the social skills of the BSIT first year students of Pangasinan State University, Bayambang Campus, during school year 2012-2013. This study determined the profile of the 115 BSIT first year students according to: preferred computer games and frequency of playing. It investigated the level of social skills among playing and non-playing gamers. This study used the descriptive-comparative method of research. It was found out that crossfire was the most preferred computer game played at least once a week. Computer gamers had lower social skills than non-computer gamers. Gamers have more negative social behaviors compared to non-gamers and there is a negative effect of playing computer games on the level of social skills among first year students. There is a significant difference in the level of social skills of the students when grouped according to frequency of playing computer games. Students who play computer games everyday had significantly lower social skills than who play once a week. Thus, parents and teachers should give proper guidance in the limitation of playing computer games and the choice of games. Teachers should organize seminars on the awareness of the influence and negative effects of violent computer games on social skills. And students should choose educational over violent games to enhance their knowledge and social skills.

80-84

Authors: Emil C. Alcantara

The study aimed to expose the application of the algorithm of the Tabular Integration by Parts (TIBP in the derivation of some reduction formula involving integrals of product of elementary functions. In the study, the existing algorithm of tabular integration by parts (TIBP) was modified by forming a table consisting of three columns namely: S column where alternating plus and minus signs are written, D column where f(x) and its successive derivatives are listed, and I column where g(x) and its successive antiderivative/integrals are listed. The modified algorithm of TIBP was then used to evaluate the reduction formula involving the integrals of the forms: x axdx n sin  , x axdx n cos  , x axdx n sinh  , x axdx n cosh  , x e dx n ax  ,and x x dx n m (ln )  where n, m and a are any real number.

1-5

Authors: Emmy Shayne A. Buena, Lynrich Bea H. Corales, Christine Joy A. Gelera Georgiane A. Suarez, Alex P. Ylagan

Taal as a Culture heritage has been discovered as an important marketing tool to attract those travelers with special interest in heritage and arts. Taal reigns as one of the most culturally preserved sites of the country’s four-century Spanish and forty year American colonial eras. It conforms to the old town layout combining municipal, hall, school, church and market. Taal heritage town is a fine example of a sustainable development as well as responsible and ethical promotion of culture tourism in the Philippines. The study aimed to determine the strategies and problems in the promotion of Taal as a Culture and Religious Destination. More specifically, it identifies the current number of tourists visiting Taal, to determine the best promotional strategy in promoting taal and to identify the problems encountered by the tourists of Taal. The descriptive method was used in order to determine the needed information. A modified questionnaire was constructed to obtain the data for the study. The researchers conclude that the commonly visited tourist attraction in Taal were Escuela Pia, White House and Basilica of St. Martins of Tours. Based on the survey, the respondents agreed that historical sites were considered the most effective promotional strategies used in Taal. Lastly, the respondents for this research agreed that presence of beggars was the common problem encountered by the tourists.

15-21

Authors: Hassan Elahi, a,b, Dr. Riffat Asim Pasha, Dr. Asif Israr and Dr. M. Zubair Khan ,, Department of Mechanical Engineering, IST, Islamabad, Punjab, Pakistan Department of Metallurgy & Material Engineering, UET Taxila, Punjab, Pakistan

In this research work a simplified translational model of an automotive suspension system is constructed by only considering the translation motion of one wheel of a car. Passive Vehicle Suspension System is converted into Semi Active Vehicle System. Major advantage achieved by this system is that it adjusts the damping of the suspension system without the application of any actuator by using MATLAB® simulations. The semi-active control is found to control the vibration of suspension system very well.

28-33

Authors: Sunita Singh and Jyoti Bala

Information and Communication technologies can provide better opportunities for extending the access of education to our society. The objectives of Present paper are to find out the utilisation pattern of internet by the higher secondary school students, to estimate the use of internet in reference to scholastic and non-scholastic purpose further it include a comparative study of the pattern of use of internet by higher secondary school students of government school and private schools. 130 higher secondary students of Varanasi city, India gave their responses. Questionnaire was used as a research tool. The main findings of the study are students used the internet mostly for scholastic purpose, private schools students access more information through internet in comparison to government school students.

40-44

Authors: Raymund M. Pasion

Layuning panlahat sa pag-aaral na ito na tuklasin ang varyasyong leksikalsa Wikang Mandaya na matatagpuan sa Probinsyang Davao Oriental. Bilang lunsaran sa paglilikom ng mga datos, ginamit ang mga terminong kultural na pangkabuhayan tulad ng pagsasaka, pangangaso, pangingisda at paghahayupan nanababatay sa Indigenous Knowledge System and Practices (IKSP).Sinikap sagutin sa pag-aaral ang suliraning ano-anong varyasyong liksikal ang makikita sa mga terminong kultural na pangkabuhayan ng Mandaya na makikita sa munisipalidad ng Caraga, Manay, Bagangaat Cateel? Disenyong kwalitatibo ginamit.Metodong indehinusat deskriptibo naman ang ginamit mula sa paglilikom hanggang sa pag-aanalisa ng mga datos. Samantalang, ang mga impormante ay pinilisa pamamagitan ng kombinasyong purposive at snow-ball sampling. Natuklasan, na ang wikang Mandaya ay nakitaan ng varyasyong lekisikal ayon sa magkakaiba ang anyo, may pagkakatulad ang anyo, at magkakatulad ang anyo subalit magkakaiba ang bigkas. Gayunpaman, pinaniniwalaang dahil sa paktor na heograpikal, sikolohikal at sosyolohikal na nagaganap sa kanilang kultura ay hindi rin maipagkailang nagyari ang varyasyong leksikal na aspekto nito. Mga Susing-salita: Dayalekto,Leksikal, Mandaya, Varyasyon

57-67

Authors: Abdulaziz I. Alharrah*Amer N. Almetair, Nasser M. Alzeer

E-learning that integrates digital knowledge content, network and information technology has become an emerging learning method. As the e-learning platform approach is becoming an important tool to allow the flexibility and quality requested by such a kind of learning process. There is a new kind of problem faced by organizations consisting in the selection of the most suitable e-learning platform. This paper proposes evaluation model for E-Learning platform in Riyadh City universities (RCU) with Applied Geographic Information System (GIS). The E-Learning platform solution selection is a multiple criteria decision-making problem that needs to be addressed objectively taking into consideration the relative weights of the criteria for any organization. We formulate the quoted multi criteria problem as a decision hierarchy to be solved using GIS. AGIS-based evaluation index system and web-based evaluating platform were established. In this paper we will show the general evaluation strategy and some obtained results using our model to evaluate some existing commercial platforms.The results of evaluation model are outlined as follows: Total weights of the proposed framework in management feature is 20.25/25, in collaborative feature is 9.2/10, in adaption learning path is 6.8/10 and in interactive learning object is 5/5. The total weights of all features are 41.25/50. In this study an evaluation model was applied on Riyadh City universities like KSU, IMAMU, NAUSS, YU and FU. Then, the results were compared with each other. The total weighs of KSU was 41. While the total weights of FU, IMAMU, YU and NAUSS was 40, 37, 36 and 32, respectively. Evaluation process shows that the proposed framework satisfied the objectives with applied GIS.

78-58

Authors: Mark Anthony M. Velasco

The research is focused on examining by describing historically the relationship between the Philippines and China in the disputed claims over the islands in South China Sea. To crystalize this goal, the discourse in the paper heavily employs inter-textual analysis that is logically arranged into an opening idea on the context of the conflicting issue over the islands situated in Spratlys, then followed by an extensive illustration of the relationship between the Philippines and China concerning the territorial claims over the islands of South China Sea. Subsequently, a brief reflection guided by the principle of territoriality is portrayed with the goal to authoritatively explain the idea of jurisdiction over the islands in the Spratly area. After that, the paper briefly concludes with a prospectus on the issue of South China Sea.

95-101

Authors: Haidy Shata, Osama Shata

With the world ascending the globalization ladder at record speed and the increased ease of transcending national boarders, repatriation difficulties are becoming a growing matter. Unfortunately, student repatriation difficulties are generally overlooked, and the exchange students may find that the return does not match their expectations, which may lead to difficulty readjusting to a place once considered familiar, and even a home. Repatriation is often studied on an organizational level, while exchange students’ return, is not even addressed or very little research has been conducted on the matter. The overall purpose of this research was to identify the unmet needs of repatriate students in regards to repatriation adjustment, and to find potential solutions to ensure that those needs are met. This was achieved using traditional methods of a questionnaire and interviews. The research was able to determine both educational institutions and students need to work together to achieve optimal results; universities and institutions need to become more aware of post-entry difficulties and how to prepare their students, whereas students need to become proactive and learn to utilize all resources at their disposal. It is believed that these conclusions will encourage educational institutions, researchers, and expatriate students to make use of the valuable information in this paper. They can optimize the overall re-entry process by adding to this research with their own research, identifying the difficulties faced by expatriates, developing awareness on the matter, and pooling together their knowledge and efforts to yield efficient and effective solutions.

111-120

Authors: Raymund B. Gemora, Ed. D.

This study attempted to examine how conservation and development can be reconciled and if there have been initiatives to demonstrate the ability to encourage forest conservation through market mechanisms involving direct involvement in forestation. The study was a qualitative study. The present study focused on the services in the forests, how conservation and development be reconciled. This study, based on in-depth interview, reveal that to be effective in the long-run, programs have to consider the needs and priorities of forest dwellers, which are indeed beyond market-based incentives; a win-win discourse combining forest conservation and poverty alleviation through appropriate provision may hide vested interests of developed communities. Finally, proving the workability of activities and their quantification for emissions credit will be critical for the launching of reducing emissions from forestation and degradation in the future climate agreement.

125-132

Authors: WILLIAM FRED P. ITALIA and RYAN MICHAEL F. ODUCADO

This study was conducted to determine the sociodemographic profile, sexual history, level of knowledge about HIV/AIDS and sexual risk-taking behaviors of men who have sex with men (MSM) in Iloilo City. 126 MSM, who were members of MSM clans taken using stratified random sampling, were included in the study. Interview schedule was used to gather data. Frequency distribution and measures of central tendency were utilized for univariate analysis. To determine the relationship between knowledge and sexual risk-taking behavior, Chi-square was used. Findings revealed that most of the respondents are young, single, have some college education, unemployed, earning less than Php 6,000 and have an early sexual history. Most of the respondents have high knowledge of HIV/AIDS. However, they have multiple sex partners; nearly half does not use condom hence are at high risk of contracting HIV. There is no significant relationship between sexual risk-taking behavior and knowledge about HIV/AIDS. This study found that a high level of knowledge about HIV/AIDS does not guarantee safer sexual practices of the respondents. As long as there is a practice of risky sexual behavior, the risk of HIV transmission and infection remain high.

144-151

Authors: Jonathan R. Adanza, PhD

The ubiquity of ICT has been a phenomenon in any of the world’s educational system. With the challenges of ASEAN integration in 2015, are new and younger HEI’s and their learners coping with this trend? This study seeks to determine the preparedness and attitude of higher education students of new HEI’s about ICT-based education. Descriptive design was used in this research that utilized a researcher-made questionnaire (α=.971). The results of the study show that college students have positive affirmation (“agree”) about ICT use in education (x=3.71, S=.75). Moreover, it is also revealed that gender significantly influence attitude of students (z=3.91, p=.00), in which male has higher level of attitude (x=3.91) than women (x=3.61). Moreover, it demonstrates that generally preparedness towards ICT has nothing to do with the attitude of students toward ICT use in education. However, a significant negligible positive correlation is noted between exposure to ICT and attitude at .05 level of significance (r=.15; p=.002; one-tailed), which implies that the more a student is exposed to ICT, the more that one’s attitude towards ICT-based education improves. It was concluded that ICT-based education through full ICT integration can be easily accepted and adapted as the new structure of education for the next years to come. Therefore, new and younger HEIs should invest more on ICT accessibility and connectivity to further enhance attitude and preparedness towards ICT-based education.

158-163

Authors: Nelia O. Du, Ph.D., Nerissa L. Hufana, Ph.D.

Nilayon ng pag-aaral na lumikom ng kwentong bayan ng mga B’laan sa Brgy. Pisan, Kabacan, North Cotabato at dalumatin ang kanilang di-materyal na kulturang masasalamin dito.Sa pagbibigay katuparan sa layunin, nasagot ang mga sumusunod na katanungan: (1) Ano ang mga kwentong bayan ng mga B’laan sa Pisan, Kabacan, Cotabato? (2) Anong mga di-materyal na kultura ang maaaring pagkakakilanlan ng mga B’laan ang masasalamin sa kanilang mga kwentong bayan? Paano ipinakita ang mga ito sa kanilang mga kwentong bayan? Saklaw ng pag-aaral na ito ang mga kwentong bayan na inuri ayon sa alamat, mito, salaysayin at pabula na kasasalaminan ng di-materyal na kultura ng mga B’laan na nakatira sa Brgy. Pisan, Kabacan, Cotabato. Kwantitatibo at Kwalitatibong disenyo ng pananaliksik ang ginamit sa pag-aaral at sinuri ang mga datos sa pamamagitan ng deskriptibong pamaraan partikular ang kontent analisis. Pamaraang indihenus o pangkatutubo ang pamaraang ginamit. Natuklasan na (1) May iba’t ibang kwentong bayan sa genre na alamat na etiolohikal, mito, salaysayin, at pabula ang mga Blaan; (2) Iba’t ibang di-materyal na kultura ang masasalamin sa mga kwentong bayan ng B’laan. Ito ang nabuong konklusyon: (1) Ang mga kwentong bayan ng B’laan ay kasasalaminan ng kanilang di-materyal na kultura.