International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics

1-15

Authors: Mustafa Avcıoğlu, Ahmet Evren Erginal2, Muhammed Zeynel Öztürk, Alper Demirci, Yunus Levent Ekinci, Murat Türkeş, Ersin Karabacak, Ali Sungur, Hasan Özcan, Rezzan Ekinci, Gülsen Erginal

We studied the composition, vegetation cover, wind regime characteristics and subsurface nature of a coastal dune field on the west coast of Bozcaada Island, NW Turkey. Performing Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) technique, we determined that dune sands with a thickness of ~11-13 m cover the underlying Miocene basement, as confirmed by an abrupt increase in resistivity as from lithological boundary. The results demonstrate that foredune terraces and ridges differ from swales from various points of view. The foredune sands are characterized by average contents of over 82% medium to fine-sized angular sands, especially quartz (85%), based on X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) data, CaCO3 (1.15%) and organic matter (0.19%). On the other hand, swales are composed on average of 59% medium to fine sands, a mixture of silt and clay (13%), very coarse sands and small-size gravels (28%). In addition to the different grain size distribution, swale sediments have conspicuously lesser amounts of SiO2 (78%), higher amounts of CaCO3 (5.6%) and organic matter (0.8%). Wind climatology analysis showed the predominance of a northerly (mainly NNE) near surface wind circulation over Bozcaada throughout the year with high wind speeds of maximum 7.4 m/s. Nevertheless, the existing sand transport and associated development of foredune forms and blowouts in the dune field relates considerably to the bimodal distribution of northerly winds (NNW and NNE). Although the coastal dune area is capped by a variety of dune plants, blowout development is highly active, in particular, on the northeast section of the dune field.

25-46

Authors: İpek F. Barut

There are numerous springs and wells within the context of this research about the part of northern and northeastern in The Mandalia Bay which has an important role regarding tourism and agriculture in Turkey’s Southeastern Aegean coasts. There are an important springs in this basin, as the high discharge with values Ekinambari springs for 5385 l/s, Savrankoy springs for 4215 l/s, Avsar springs for the 1000 l/s, Sucikti springs (Karacahisar) to 400 l/s. The change of the total annual flow observations compatible with each other, an increase was observed in springs of Ekinambari, Savrankoy and Sucikti. The springs group of Ekinambari, is located from the sea about 10 km away in the alluvium. These springs were at the foot of the hill at various points at 46 m altitude, different flow rates and temperatures, allochthonous limestone flows from the broken system. The springs in the investigation area, which was measured in the high current values, of Savrankoy and Ekinambari springs monthly average current value of resources are examined, the difference between the current value is less than by months. In this spring waters of high salinity values (0,5 to 36,2‰) was determined. In this study were questioned as origin of ground water salinity from deep aquifer formations or from current sea water? In the case of salinity, in spring waters have occurred on deep towards the karstic levels of limestones from sea water is saturation. Examined the water was fed by a high level, the transition period is short and in aquifer in contact with shallow circulating water for a short time is. They could say that mixing different amounts of surface water were also. Given these results, the most important spring waters for the region (Savrankoy, Ekinambarı, etc.,) of ground water movement in karstic system pressure and decreasing/increasing rate of interventions performed in the presence of a seawater can be mentioned.

54-61

Authors: Emin Özgür Avşar, Mehmet Orhan Altan , Ünal Anıl Doğan , Devrim Akça

Chemical anchorages are applied in many engineering implementations, particularly strengthening of reinforced concrete structures. During strengthening procedure; chemical anchorages should be tested, since they supply to transfer the load between existing construction elements and newly added elements. Therefore; the study of the quality of chemical anchorages is an important issue in construction materials science. In this context; the most important experiment is to determine the pull-out loads of embedded anchorage reinforcement by applying axial loads. In this study; it is aimed to determine the displacements of steel reinforcements, embedded into concrete by using chemical anchorages, while applying axial pulling loads. In order to determine the displacements and load - deformation graphs; starting conditions and every 10 bar pressure applied conditions of the steel reinforcements were captured by the cameras. The obtained images were evaluated by using photogrammetric software. Based on the photogrammetric post-processing results, the load - deformation graphs were plotted and the loads at loss of adhesion were determined

1-11

Authors: A.Cemal Saydam

Iron enrichment hypothesis have been tested on many occasions by adding dissolved iron into the seawater. Though Mediterranean Sea never depleted with iron it is one of the most oligotrophic water that exists on earth. It’s shown that oceanic surface chlorophyll levels do in fact regulated by the wet desert dust deposition, independent of the nutritional load of the receiving body. The in cloud alteration of desert dust matrix and its biological content is in fact responsible from the reaction mechanisms initiated via the oxalate released by the prokaryotes. Solar light further enhances the formation of dissolved iron via decarboxylation reaction. Thus this paper explains the pathways of natural iron fertilization mechanisms that can be regulated by seeding the clouds with appropriate desert dust hence offers a means to control the chlorophyll concentration hence control on the negative feedback mechanisms on climate.

21-28

Authors: Ozan Arslan

This paper describes the photogrammetric techniques and approaches developed for 3D object reconstruction based on a single image. It is possible to get metric information from a single view when the stereo-based photogrammetric technique is not available. In this scope some advanced multidisciplinary techniques which allow an automatic capture of meaningful elements for perspective models from a single image are discussed

40-47

Authors: Denizhan Vardar, Hande Aykurt Vardar

Understanding the formation and evolution mechanism of the sandy deposits plays key role to define the hydrodynamics of the shelves and coasts. The barrier islands determined from high resolution chirp seismic reflection profiles, were started to deposit on the boundary (SB) that characterized by the lowstand stages of global sea level in the southern Marmara shelf near shoreface area. The unit haslost its activity at 55 ms, 60 ms depth in Erdek Bay, at 55 ms in Bandırma Bay, at 61 ms front of the Kocasu River. According to global sea level curves, this unit was evolved between 11000-11500 BP and10450-10150 BP. The geometrical situation and internal reflection character of these units indicate the balance between fluvial sediment transportation, marine intrusion and current systems in the study area. Belkis Isthmus that connects the Kapıdağ Peninsula to the mainland occurred synchronously with same process that formed the barrier islands. Bioherm structures were formed on the barrier islands and some of the bioherm’s uppermost surface is reached to 1 m below the sea floor. Bioherm structures are composing from organisms; formation and evolution depend on various stress factors. Barrier islands provide nutritional source to bioherms. Since these structures occur in a limited area, the development should be controlled by secondary factors. Biogenic gas determined from seismic sections closed to bioherm structures, probably plays the secondary role. Addition to this, during the forming and the growing of bioherms, Marmara Islands (Pasalimanı, Avşa, Marmara Islands) and Imralı Island were possibly control the currents and the flooding in the study area and provided convenient environment to these structures evolution.