IMPACT : International Journal of Research in Applied, Natural and Social Sciences

7-12

Authors: Sergiu Fendrihan & Florica Constantinescu

The resistance to antibiotics of the most pathogenic strains is a problem affecting human population and, it is the last challenge in infectious diseases. That is why, the screening of microbial life forms for new and improved molecules must be continued. One of the possible source are the endophytic microorganism living inside plants organs and tisues. This review paper show this possibility to find, by screening of this microbiota, new compounds which can be use against microbial pathogens.

21-26

Authors: Nagamani. S, Thangamathi. P, Ananth. S, Gnanasoundrai. A & Lavanya. M

Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) is the main vector of the dengue virus globally. Dengue vector control is mainly, based on reducing the vector population through interventions, which target potential breeding sites. However, in Kumbakonam is known about this vector’s habitat productivity and insecticide susceptibility status, to support evidence-based implementation of control measures. In each study, the breeding habitats such as Coconut shells, Waste bucket, Tires and Over head tank were examined, for the presence of Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae. The survey were carried out twice in each month, from November 2014 to October 2015. The correlation between the physicochemical characteristics and the larval density of container- breeding mosquitoes indicated that, the pH (0.09), Calcium (0.83), BOD (0.68) and COD (0.77), they showed positive correlation with the larval density, the correlation coefficients being respectively. Total dissolved solids (-0.11), Electrical conductivity (-0.68), Chloride (-0.65), Fluoride (-0.68), Salinity (-0.72) and Sulphate (-0.52) were negatively correlated with larval abundance in the containers, with correlation coefficients of respectively. Rainfall is an important environmental factor associated with Aedes breeding at the study sites

35-44

Authors: Uchenna Ebi, Victor P. O. Okoh & Timothy Soetan

This research investigated the appropriateness of assessment method and payment liability of Lagos State Land Use Charge. Objectives of the study include: to identify the components of Land Use Charge, to identify various methods of valuation used for assessment and their appropriateness, to establish if assessors are qualified and to establish the appropriate tax liability and way of enforcement. The result of the review of extant literature, identified liability of payment of Land Use Charge, assessment of Land Use Charge and penalty for default, from where questionnaire was constructed which was the main source of data collection. Out of a population of 500 practising estate surveyors and tax accountants in Lagos State, 200 questionnaires were administered out of which 104 were retrieved representing a return of 52%. Frequency analysis and test of hypothesis done with the aid of SPSS 20 showed several percentages and correlation analyses of P > 0.05 probability and only one P < 0.05. It was found out that, Lagos State Land Use Charge authorities use crude valuation and enforcement methods. They also tax bare sites and have been recommended to use professional estate surveyors and valuers for their assessment and also to take defaulters to court rather than their present crude method.

51-58

Authors: R. Jagan Mythri

This article examines the relationship between access and preservation in digitization projects conducted by public libraries in the Telangana. The main issues discussed are the impact of selection on access, the preservation of original material and digital objects, and the financial issues surrounding digitization projects. The article deal with the technical aspects of digitization. Although access is significantly increased, the range of material that has been digitized is very narrow and is driven largely by copyright restrictions rather than user demand. The survey also highlighted the disparity between funding for access to a very small portion of library holdings through digitization, and the funding of traditional preservation for the remainder of collections. I wish to concentrate on the future of public libraries that serve different communities by giving them access to a learning space and to a real public service. I will focus on the ground reality of publicly accessible libraries that strive to adapt to the digital era.

69-76

Authors: Gnanasoundari. A, Thangamathi. P, Ananth. S, Lavanya. M & Nagamani. S

The presence of suitable breeding habitats and the development of Aedes aegypti largely depend upon hydrology – driven ecological factors. The breeding habitats of A. aegypti were identified and characterized within the city corporation of Thanjavur, Taminadu, India, between January, 2016 and December, 2016. Breeding habitat such as waste bucket, over head tanks and discarded waste were identified and A.aegypti larvae were collected from the surveyed habitats. Physical parameters (pH, turbidity, conductivity, BOD, COD, dissolved oxygen, and total dissolved solids) were estimated. The relationship between the characteristics of breeding habitats and abundance of A.aegypti larva was investigated. pH was found to be positively related to larval abundance in all the three different habitats.

89-112

Authors: Gerald Munyoro, Gamuchirai Kumbirai Shadaya & Rutendo Masiyiwa

The land distribution in Zimbabwe after colonization was well inclined to the white settlers and the black majorities were driven to stay in reserves, that were meant to disempower people and unfortunately these areas were infertile and this was part of the plan by whites to control blacks which later led to land reform. This was followed by a drop in the economic performance of the country, as the agricultural productivity was heavily affected and the manufacturing sector reduced productivity and the whole economy shrunk and this affected employment levels. As stated above, the effects of land reform were not just felt in agricultural sector only but in several sectors such as retailing sector in general and agriculture retailing sector in particular. Thus, this study was aimed at ascertaining the impact of the land reform program on the agricultural retailing sector in Zimbabwe. This was achieved through the use of interpretivism research approach, which relies on subjective understanding of and intervention with reality. This position is described as anti- positivist but views it as post- positivist since it is asserted that there is fundamental difference between the subject matters of natural and social sciences. The results show that there is need for retailers in the agricultural retailing sector to get into strategic alliances with suppliers in order to survive and grow in the current competitive economy. In addition, agricultural retailers should work with agricultural contractors who will offer farmers with financial assistance each farming season as outsourcing finance is a good alternative for getting assistance. Conclusively, the increase in the financing of farmers will increase sales in the agricultural retailing sector resulting in the resuscitation of the sector, which will have a positive knock effect on the Zimbabwean economy.

7-18

Authors: Ameera Jaber Mohaisen & Saja Yaseen Abdulsamad

In this paper, we consider the random effect panel data model which has fixed and random effects as well as the experimental error term. Bayesian approach employed to make inferences on the model coefficients. To illustrated the effectiveness of the methodology. We have chosen a data set from gross fixed capital formation and gross domestic product by economic activities for public sector at current prices for the years (2005-2015) (Million I.D.).The data are analysed according to our methodology by using gretl, R and matlab softwares.

27-36

Authors: Nahid Sharmin & Dilafroze Khanam

The study reveals that, Readymade Garment (RMG) sector has positively influenced the socio-economic condition of women garment workers. Employment opportunities for women in the garment industry have created the scope to cross the threshold of economic space. In Bangladesh, the readymade garment sector plays a significant role, in creating employment opportunity of women and accelerating economic growth as well. Women could ensure the sustainable livelihood, after getting employment in the garment industry. It could be mentioned that, sustainable livelihood is the combination of concept of capabilities, equity and sustainability. As, three concepts has played as a role of means and ends of livelihood. In this paper, sustainable livelihood, measured through analyzing the four indicators of socioeconomic condition, which are income, health, education and decision making power. This paper relied on secondary sources, for instance- articles, research reports, thesis papers and newspapers, related with women garment workers. There are four millions of workforce in the RMG sector, of which, 80% are women, who are considered as ‘the engine of growth’ of the garment industry

53-58

Authors: Munjewar Shubhadra Amrut, Shinde Mahadu Manoharrao & Pawanraj Jagdish Deshmane

Multimedia presentations comprise of varied media like text, sound, images three dimensi, onal objects, video clippings and animation. This paper discus about what is multimedia, multimedia literacy, multimedia computer system, elements of multimedia are documented through, requirement of multimedia computer system, Wi-Fi Multimedia, limitation of multimedia, advantage to multimedia, Type of multimedia, objective of multimedia, multimedia: an overview, Design of books, Image Scanning with the help the of scanner, Significance of PDF file format, animation morphing and application ect

77-86

Authors: Ola Abd El-Rahman Ali Hekal , Mirret Mohamed Darwish, Azza Abdel Moghny Attia, Zeinab Abd El-Halim Osman, Iman Ahmed Ehsan

Play activities has been suggested as an intervention, to help children with Down syndrome, to strengthen their adaptive skills. Aim: evaluate the effect of selected play activities on adaptive skills, among children with Down syndrome.Design: One-group pre-posttest quasi-experimental research design was utilized.Setting: The genetic out-patient clinic in Cairo - University specialized pediatric hospital and the association for children with special needs. Sample:A purposeful sample of 30 children with Down syndrome, those had mild and moderate intellectual disability.Tools of data collection:three tools were utilized:a structured interview sheet, Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale, and selected play activities check list sheet.Results: children’s raw scores of Vineland adaptive behaviour scale improved significantly after application of selected play activities in areas of motor skills followed by daily living activities and socialization. Conclusion: the selected play activities had a positive effect on adaptive skills, especially fine motor skills and daily living activities among children with Down syndrome. Recommendations: booklet including play activities is needed, to improve down syndrome children’s skills in different adaptive behaviors, and health education program must be designed and implemented, for caregivers about how to deal with their children, with Down syndrome for maximizing their children capabilities.

99-110

Authors: Ehouman Jb Ohoueu, Iritie Bruno, Eboua N. Wandan, Eric F. Elleingand & Dembele Ardjouman

Beekeeping is an activity, that is gaining momentum in Côte d'Ivoire. However, the use of pesticides can be a source of contamination of bee products. The objective of this study was, to evaluate their presence in beekeeping products collected in cotton and cocoa production regions. Bee products (honey, pollen, wax) were sampled in beekeepers, belonging to beekeepers-farmers using Agrochemicals. The samples were analyzed by GC/MS. In cocoa production region, cypermethrin and profenofos were detected in 28-32 of the 40 samples of honey or pollen and 16-24 samples of wax. In the center, however, 80% of honey, wax and pollen samples contain metalaxyl, 58.33% honey and pollen contain chlorpyrifos and 20% of wax. Ten to 30% of the samples were contaminated with atrazine. The hazard quotient, which is the EDI/ADJ ratio, was found to be between 0.01 and 0.02 for Profenofos, metalaxyl, atrazine, and cypermethrin. It was 1.75 for chlorpyrifos. These results indicated that the occurrence of a toxic effect related to the consumption of honey from the study areas is unlikely (QD = 0.01-0.92 <1) for four of the five pesticides identified in honey. But there is a possibility of health risks due to the presence of chlorpyriphos (QD> 1).

121-126

Authors: Chauhan Tinky & Mishra Sunita

Overweight and obesity are defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that may impair health. Body Mass Index is a simple index of weight / height that is commonly used to classify overweight and obesity in adults. They have inherited gene from their parents that make their bodies weight easily. This would have been a very good trait hundreds of years ago, when food was hard to find and people were very active. Today, though, this can work against people who have these genes. Genetics is not the only cause of obesity. To become obese, children must also eat more calories than they need for growth and energy. Environment factors are that surround the children and influence their feed intake and physical activity. These factors are seen in various setting such as at home, in school, and in the community. At home, the parent-child interaction is very crucial as parents can influence children food choices and motivate them to have a healthy lifestyle. The objective of this study- To assessment of obesity awareness among school going children, to know about the heredity and parent inherited factor that leads to obesity. Total of 100 school going student were selected from two different schools of Lucknow District.

133-136

Authors: Hummara Azim, Tashi Dolkar & Fd Sheikh

The investigation was aimed at studying the health status of changpa nomads of ladakh region of Jammu and Kashmir State. The finding of the study, revealed the birth control methods all of the women respondents have never used any contraceptives, due to lack of awareness and it is also noted that, in Changthang most people still prefer home delivery with the result both mother and child are prone to severe infections and have a very low chance of survival. Nomadic women often have multiple pregnancies within a small time period which leads to anemia in women and premature deliveries and childbirth often takes place in unhygienic conditions and many more things like poor diet, harsh climatic, lack of awareness about facilities available. Women said that they move camp to remote location, it become very difficult to visit health centre for delivery and in such case mother has delivered the child in the Rebo (tent) and this is the major impact on women and child health, during their migratory life. Finding of the study also revealed that, women and children during migration all of the respondents from all the villages suffer from general diseases like fever, cold, cough, blood pressure, headache, deficiency diseases, etc. Most of Changpa women were suffering from anemia and children suffer from deficiency of vitamins, while migration and worst impact on their health, as Ladakh is characterized by poor vegetative cover and low plant production especially remote areas like Changthang, with the result their diet is deficient in various important nutrients, which often leads to anemia & other deficiency diseases.

9-16

Authors: Manal Sayed Ismail, Ahmed Yehia Zakaria, Khaled M. Taema & Sameh Elhabashy

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to examine the effect of evidence based nursing, and preventive measures to minimize the incident of Endotracheal Tube (ETT) pressure injury, by controlling the predisposing factors. A prospective, quasiexperimental research design was used. A convenience sample of 100 adults Critically Ill Patients, who are admitted to the selected Intensive Care Unit, within the continuous 6 months, will be recruited to the study. Three adapted tools were utilized to collect data (Demographic and medical data sheet, Glasgow Coma Scale, and Pressure ulcer staging system checklist). Patients were divided into two separated groups (experimental and control). The investigators implemented the evidence based nursing preventive measures to the experimental group, and compared the results (outcome of the given interventions) to control group. The result of this study shows a highly statistically significant difference, between experimental and control group, in relation to incidents of Endotracheal Tube pressure injury (p 0.004). Additionally, significant correlations were found between incidents of Endotracheal Tube pressure injury and “elderly of (ETT) insertion, (p 0.013). The current study concluded that, the examined evidence based nursing preventive measures demonstrate a highly useful effect, on minimizing the incident of Endotracheal Tube pressure injury.

23-40

Authors: Samah. Zidan, Warda Youssef, Foad Abd-Allah & Hanaa Ali El-Feky

ABSTRACT Background: Stroke is a major public health problem worldwide and in Egypt. It is a life-threatening disease that requires early recognition, management and collaboration of all members of the health care team. Critical care nurses play an important role in all phases of care for stroke patients. Aim: the aim of this research was to study the impact of a designed acute stroke nursing management protocol on critical care nurses' knowledge and practices. Hypotheses: H.1. The mean post-test total knowledge scores of critical care nurses who are exposed to the designed nursing management protocol of care will be higher than their mean pre-test scores. H.2. The mean post-test total practices scores of critical care nurses who are exposed to the designed nursing management protocol of care will be higher than their mean pre-test scores. Sample: A convenience sample consisting of (30) nurses were included in this study. Design: A quasiexperimental, single group interrupted time series design was utilized. Tools: two tools were constructed and utilized for data collection; tool (1): Nurses Knowledge Assessment Questionnaire (2): Pre /post observational checklists for critical care nurses’ management of patients with acute stroke. Critical care nurses were assessed three times: before implementing the protocol of care, immediately after implementing the protocol of care, and two months after implementing the protocol of care. Results: the current study revealed that most of the studied sample (80%) were female in the middle age groups (X= 30.16, SD =7.71), and the total mean knowledge scores in the second and third assessment times (X= 70.47, SD =6.27, X= 66.67, SD= 8.1) respectively, improved as compared to the first assessment time (X= 24.23, SD= 11.24) with a significant statistical difference between the three assessment times (F= 246.344, P ≤ 0.05).The total mean practices scores in the second assessment and third assessment times (X= 45.90, SD= 5.02, X= 39.87, SD= 4.54) respectively, was higher than the total mean practices scores in the first assessment (X= 22.10, SD= 7.42) with a significant statistical differences between the three assessments (F= 131.913, P ≤ 0.05).A significant statistical differences between the three assessments was found regarding utilization of NIHSS and GCS (F= 420.310, 123.189, P ≤ 0.05). Conclusion: the current study revealed the effectiveness of implementing the protocol of care where nurses' knowledge and practices, improved significantly as compared before implementing the protocol of care. So, the study recommends continuous training and education for nurses to improve their knowledge and practices with availability of Arabic references. Establishing flow chart for receiving, managing and caring of acute stroke patients

45-50

Authors: N. Manjappa, Ravindragouda Patil & Prakasha Pavadi

ABSTRACT The state of Karnataka in southern India has an excellent tropical climate, for the development of freshwater fish culture, in water storage tanks of villages and farm ponds. Small scale rural aquaculture in village water storage tanks and farm ponds in general, utilizes polyculture of carps and is practiced with the utilization of low to moderate levels of inputs, especially organic-based fertilizers and feed. The main problems faced by fish farmers are, poaching and water availability. Under Sujala-III (Karnataka Watershed Development Program –II, World Bank) project in Davanagere district, Karnataka fish culture demonstration was conducted with a group of farmers having short seasonal water bodies. The study revealed that a production of about 2319 to 2996 Kg/ha could be achieved from farm ponds and water storage tanks through integrated use of locally available biological resources. This implies an excellent opportunity for improving the rural economy through the development of small-scale fish culture enterprises. In this project, a greater emphasis was placed on improving the knowledge and skills of the farmers and their farming practices so that in the future they would be in a position to expand their activities with financial assistance made available locally.

65-78

Authors: Zara Mallam Musa & Abubakar Musa

ABSTRACT The objective of the study is, to examine the factor that determines the engagement of rural women in income generating activities, in Yobe state, Nigeria. The study employed survey design, with quantitative approach on 262 rural women participants. Pearson correlational analysis was carried out, to examine the factors responsible for the engagement of rural women, in income generating activities. Results from structural equation modeling (SEM) revealed that, 42% of meaningfulness, self-determination, competence and impact are significant determinants of rural women engagement, in income generating activities. This empirical study would guide the ministry of women affairs, as well as policy makers towards understanding which aspect of personality trait should be given more consideration, to increase the chances of women engagement in income generating activities.

5-14

Authors: KHALED A. M. AHMED, AHMED ATIA & ABDULLAH M. ALHAMDAN

In order to maintain favorites quality of Barhi dates to the consumers at the khalal stage with its yellow color and crunchiness firmness. Controlled atmospheric storage has the ability to keep Barhi fruits for three months. But the main problem remains to maintain the same quality fruits in the markets. So the aim of the current study is the application of immersion Barhi fruits after CA storage in calcium chloride solution at concentrations (1%, 2%) for (3-5 minutes) and then left to dry at room temperature and then save them in cooled stores (5 oC) for a period of two weeks and in room temperature (23±2 oC) for a week and also develop a set without treatment to study the effect of different solutions on the product. Samples were taken each week for measurements and sensory evaluation tests. The best result was to use calcium chloride concentration (2%) after storage in a controlled atmosphere in terms of maintaining the texture, color, taste, and loss rate in fruits

21-30

Authors: MONSOON KHEMUNDU & S. R. KOTESWARA RAO

During storage, maize grains are severely destroyed by insects and other pests. One of the most important causes of grain loss in stored maize is the damage caused by Angoumois grain moth, Sitotroga cereallela (Olivier). A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of carbon dioxide treatment against Angoumois grain moth Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier) in maize at Seed Research and Technology Centre (S.R.T.C), Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana during February 2015 to September 2015. The effect of different concentrations of CO2 viz., 20, 40, 60 and 80 per cent against the Angoumois grain moth Sitotroga cerealella in maize seed stored for a period of six months was observed. The result revealed that the percentage of seed damage was found to be nil in 60 and 80 per cent concentrations of CO2 up to six months of storage. Exposure of seeds at 20 and 40 per cent CO2 concentrations could able to protect the seed from infestation and development of the moth up to four months of treatment but the infestation and progeny development were noticed after five months of treatment. Higher CO2 concentrations viz., 60 and 80 per cent not only protected the seed from infestation and development but also maintain good storability.

39-42

Authors: BHUVANESWARI S1, K. HIMA BINDU2 & KUSUMA D.K3

Betel leaves (Piper betle. L) Popularly called as paan is consumed by people in Asian countries. The harvested betel leaves were sorted, packaged in bundles (100leaves/bundle) in thermocol box, Corrugated Fibre Board (CFB) box and bamboo basket (control) and stored at ambient condition. Betel leaves in different packages were observed every day for weight loss (%), spoilage (%), freshness and yellowing of leaves... The leaves were also analysed for phenols, flavonioids and antioxidants at the end of the storage period. The shelf life of the betel leaver was higher (4 days) in thermocol box and bamboo basket at ambient condition. With great freshness, no yellowing and with higher retention of antioxidants.

57-60

Authors: PITAMBARA; PRACHI SINGH & POONAM KANANI

Exome refers to entire protein coding sequence in an organism i.e. exon. Although exome represent almost a hundredth of whole genome. It don’t provide complete picture of gene regulation they represent all sequences that code for proteins and regulate phenotype. It has advantages of producing sequencing data in a quicker way, since exome comprises only a small portion of genome. It is usually used to identify mutations in protein coding genes. Exome sequencing data are now becoming widely available for secondary uses. Many of the functional elements located outside exonic region is not sequenced (about 50% of SNPs are located in the intronic region). Exomics plays an important role in exploring biodiversity, to understand host pathogen interaction and investigating evolution of cereals

73-84

Authors: BACHI KARIMA & ALI AHMED SADOUDI DJAMILA

The fight against pests of fruit crops remains essentially chemical. Currently, we realized that it has harmful effects on the environment and on humans. A new perspective of biological control through the use of biological agents such as fungi gives promising results. In the laboratory, we tested the insecticidal activity of four doses of the conidial suspension of Penicillium roqueforti (class of Eurotiomycetes) on the third larval stage of Ceratitis capitata. The results reveal that the rate of larval mortality increases after 24 hours of inoculation up to 21.25% at the dose d4 (5.106 spores / ml). Similarly, the rate of larvae transformed in pupae has reached 77.5% with dose d3 (4.106spores / ml). The rate of malformed pupae, increases to 71.25% for the higher dose represented by d4 (5.106 spores / ml). The adult emergence rate of C. capitata decreases with increasing dose to be canceled dose d4. This rate decreases for adults formed from larvae placed in the soil contaminated with P. roqueforti to 12.5% at the dose d2 (3,2. 106 spores / ml). We conclude that this biological test showed that P. roqueforti presents a biopesticidal potential against larvae and pupae of C.capitata.

93-98

Authors: POONAM KANANI, PITAMBARA & Y. M. SHUKLA

Bacterial artificial chromosomes (BAC) are one of the most important research tools being significantly proven to efficiently hold up to 350 kb of DNA to be cloned. The development of BAC has been proven an ambitious success story for human genome project, in genomic DNA libraries and physical map construction for genomic sequencing. The salient feature of Escherichia coli derived F-factor is most basic requirement for BAC, which helps in maintenance of DNA clones and easy manipulation of cloned DNA. The following paper accounts details on BAC.

105-110

Authors: JYOTIRAJ PATHAK

The North East India is one of the most diverse areas of India. The diversity makes the whole area more interesting and unique. Because of the remoteness and communication hurdles, ethnic conflicts, migration, and other continuous problems in the area, it leads to human rights violation and low level of human development attainment among the masses. The paper is a humble attempt to look into the issues of deprivation of human development and human rights especially among the children. Of late, there has been a renewed emphasis on the issues of human development and human rights and to linked both of them as a matter of attainment or deprivation of basic needs. It is in this context that the paper will try to raise the twin issue of rights and development, present status and future course of action in the line of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) in North East India. Issues like primary education and health status of children are mainly discussed in the paper. While preparing the paper, government data and report especially human development reports of respective states are analysed. Although significant progress has been made in the area of primary education but regarding health related issues much progress has to be made. Again it is found that there is large diversity among the states and between rural and urban area.

121-128

Authors: KULDEEP SINGH, KAVITA SINGH & CBS DANGI

Many of the endophyte have been show potential de-novo synthesis of different bioactive metabolites that are used directly or indirectly as therapeutic agent and several ailments. Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disorder caused due to defect in insulin secretion, insulin action or both. Diabetes mellitus is causing serious health problem and due cause of some inheritance or changed lifestyle and food habit. Mycelia extract of Penicillum, Streptomyces, Rhizopus, Cladosporium, Nigrospora oryze and Alternaria species isolates were reported best inhibition ranging 15 to 38% α- amylase and sucrose. Isolated endophytes have good potency in anti-diabetic ailment.

9-24

Authors: RAVEENDRAN SEKAR1 & P. ALAGURAJA PALANICHAMY

Agriculture is a dominant sector in Tamil Nadu Cauvery basin. It contributes 45 percent to the Gross domestic production, employs nearly 60 percent of the total labor force and generates the bulk of market exchange. Giving the poor performance of the agricultural sector in relation to the fast growing population, intensification of agriculture is critical aim of the study is to find land suitability for major crops of Cauvery basin using remote sensing and GIS techniques objective to study the physical and socio economic characteristics of Cauvery river basin, Tamil Nadu. To assess the land suitability for major crops based on soil characteristics of river Cauvery basin. The Study area the entire Cauvery Basin covers three states and a union tertiary namely Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Kerala and Pondicherry which lie between 10° 05¢N and 13°30¢N latitudes and 75°30¢E and 79°45¢E longitude. Whereas the present study is concerned with the Cauvery Basin of Tamil Nadu which lies between 10° 07¢ 55²N and 12° 41¢ 39² N latitudes and 76° 15¢ 43² E and 79° 50¢43²E longitudes. Interpretation of Land use/Land cover maps using Topographical sheets on 1:250,000 scales. The Geology, Geomorphology, and land use of Tamil Nadu in Cauvery basin have been mapped using land sat band 4 FCC and ETM data. The Soils drainage, soil erosion, soil depth, soil texture, soil gravelliness, soil calcareousness Soil irrigability and, water holding capacity of Tamil Nadu Cauvery basin has been prepared based on. Based soil erosion, soil drainage, soil texture, soil depth, soil gravelliness, soil calcareousness, water holding capacity, and land irrigability the land suitability for major crops of Tamil Nadu Cauvery basin has been evaluated. Lands at ETM 30 meter Resolution Technology used and analysis are Erdas imagine 9.1 and Arc GIS 9.2. The analysis is done taking different aspects. Therefore it is logical to analyze the ranking of crops, which is done in second part. In the third part of analysis, an attempt is made to identify the crop combinations. The last analysis is to identify the index of crop diversification to explain the relative agricultural potential of the districts

33-42

Authors: MANJULA S. MEDAR & ANAND S. MEDAR

This paper identifies how many users are aware about using search engines for their study. 56 PG students of Department of Library and Information Science of Karnatak University, Dharwad were selected. The main objectives of this study are to know the usage of Search Engines by the students of Department of LIS while accessing and using the Search engine. The data collected with the help of survey method and analysed using simple technique

55-64

Authors: L.C. DE, D.R. SINGH & D. BARMAN

Globally, out of 25,000-30,000 orchid species, 20% are terrestrial and grow on the ground level in the soil. These orchids are rich in starch and alkaloids and medicinally important. Terrestrial orchid often grow from rhizomes and have hairy roots. They may be either creeping or erect type based on their growth habit. In the present review, botanical description, medicinal use and culture of some important genera of terrestrial orchidsviz. Calanthe, Eulophia, Phaius, Pleione, Habenaria, Malaxis and Orchis are discussed.

75-80

Authors: S.S. JADHAV, V.G. ATKARE , ROHINI DARADE, S.M. KHUPSE & S.V. DESHMUKH

The present investigation was conducted with an objective to study the sensory and chemical quality of honey based yoghurt. The yoghurt was prepared with different levels of honey6, 8, 10, and 12 percent in treatment T2, T3, and T4andT5 respectively. On the basis of sensory evaluation the yoghurt prepared with 12 per cent honey T5 was found superior and accepted extremely by the panel of judges. In respect of chemical composition total solid and titratable acidity of yoghurt drink were increased with increase in level of honey. While fat, protein and ash were decreased with increase in level of honey. The cost of production of 1 kg yoghurt drink was increased with increase in the level of honey. The lowest cost of production (Rs. 46.58) was recorded in case of yoghurt drink prepared with addition of sugar at 10 per cent (T1). However, the highest cost of production (Rs.87.48) of yoghurt drink with 12 per cent honey (T5) was found is the best treatment selected by panel of judges for sensory evaluation.

87-92

Authors: J.KAVITHA & S. PALANI

The impact of gravity of renal failure for the current study on human health is well known and as there is no specific pharmacotherapy for renal failure, undertaken to evaluate the effect of seaweed extract of Chlorococcumhumicola, belongs to chlorophyta and is a unicellular green algae. The algae were collected from Mandabam, Rameshwaram, Tamil Nadu, India. Marine algae have been the source of active compounds where, they are used for various applications. The medicinaluse in traditional medicine has been reported since time immemorial. The present study is on the marine algae Chlorococcumhumicolawas investigated. The ethanol, ethyl acetate and hexane extracts of Chlorococcumhumicola were analyzed and subjected to phytochemical to know the secondary metabolites present in the ethanol extracts and showed the better activity so it was subjected for in vitro Nephroprotective activity.

99-116

Authors: SHABISTA BOOSHAN & RITTIKA DAS

The journey of Maggi in India over the last 33 years has been quite phenomenal. From being a foreign brand who found it difficult to establish it in the minds of the consumers to becoming one that eventually occupied their hearts, Maggi pioneered and became the leader in the Instant Foods Category. Its strategic marketing techniques, in-depth market analysis, and the ability to maintain strong stakeholder relationships contributed towards boosting the brand’s growth. However, in 2015, the prosperously growing brand got a major jolt as unhealthy levels of lead and MSG got detected in sample of its most popular product - the noodles by FSSAI. Maggi got ripped apart for months, and the Bombay High Court banned its production and distribution within the country. Subsequently Diwali saw the homecoming of the warrior, as Maggi Noodles passed all tests victoriously. This paper covers the massacre that Maggi went through in 2015. It studies the effects of the crisis on the psyche of its target audience, specifically falling in the age group of 18-24 years, and the change in their buying behaviour. Reports say that after re-launch Maggi is leading the Instant Noodles Category, but whether it will be able to capture back its old market share of atleast75% (with respect to the above mentioned target group) is what this research work aims to find.

125-142

Authors: MONA M. SAMIR, AMAL F. GARAS, NAGAT EL-MORSY & M. ABOLKASEM

Background Handling chemotherapy drugs by nurses put them at a great risk due to the occupational exposure consequences. Although the published recommendations by international health organizations; nurses' use of these recommendations is not universal and exposure risks are still abundant. Lack of information may prevent many nurses from taking appropriate precautions for themselves. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a designed teaching program on safe handling of chemotherapy. Methods An interrupted time series quasi experimental (pre-post test) design was used on a convenient sample of 30 nurses in a selected oncology setting in Cairo-Egypt. Self-administered questionnaire, knowledge pre-post test and observational performance checklists were used to collect data related to study variables. A Pre-program assessment was done to determine the baseline level of nurses' knowledge and performance. Post-program reassessment was done twice; one week immediately after program implementation and three-month later. Results high statistical significant differences regarding nurses’ knowledge and performance mean scores were found between the pre-test, immediate post-test and three-month post-test with a t value of (32.39, 31.78, 5.63 for knowledge, &14.89, 11.69, and 8.27 for performance) respectively, at P = 0.000. Conclusions A relative improvement in nurses' knowledge and performance was found after implementation of the teaching program and manifested by a steady increase in the post-test mean scores which supported the study hypotheses. Recommendations Continuing education, training and regular performance appraisal of nurses in oncology settings are strongly recommended to reduce the unintentional chemotherapy occupational exposure. Further studies are recommended to explore different factors that may affect nurses’ compliance with safe handling of chemotherapy drugs in oncology settings

155-166

Authors: NJERA, D, MSISKA V & MUMBA R

This paper ponders the case of Malawi and explores how despite having an enabling policy and legal framework for community based conservation, implementation failures have stifled Community Based Natural Resources Management (CBNRM) and delivery of benefits to local communities. It assesses the underlying issues that prevail within the context of CBNRM sectoral policies which pose some challenges in the implementation of CBNRM activities. The paper provides a general overview of CBNRM implementation in Malawi. It also gives a brief outline of the status of natural resources and natural resources management in Malawi. The paper has also revealed that the impact of CBNRM varies within and among the various sectors. In addition, a number of challenges affecting CBNRM sector policies have also been described. Finally, a list of suggestions as strategies to counteract the challenges faced in CBNRM implementation has also been outlined.

191-200

Authors: MOHAMMED ABDUL-MOUNTHER

To investigate the concentration and role of certain important elements in 55 patients women diagnosis with breast cancer. The patient groups which divided into 2 groups: (30 patients with premenopausal) and (25 patients with postmenopausal) aged (20-60) years have been examined and formed the initial study group trace metals are essential to normal human homeostasis. When present in an abnormal expression, they contribute in many pathological processes. Our aim was to investigate the serum and urine concentration of some important elements Copper (Cu). Zinc (Zn). Selenium (Se). Aluminum (Al). Chromium (Cr). Lead (Ld). and Magnesium (Mg) of the patients with breast cancer, and (50) healthy control women it is found that there were statistically increased significant of ( Copper, Lead. and Aluminum) in postmenopausal patients as compared with controls and pre-menopausal patients with p≤0.001. While the serum levels of ( Zinc. Selenium. Chromium and Magnesium) in pre-menopause patients was increased significantly different from control and postmenopausal patients. There was no significant difference in the serum level of (Zinc. Selenium. Lead and Magnesium) between the groups of breast cancer patients. The urinary minerals that exhibited the levels of (Cu (in pre). Zinc (in post), Selenium (in pre), Lead (in pre and post). Chromium (in post) and Aluminum (in pre – post), a significant difference ( increased) from controls

207-216

Authors: ANUSHA PUNIA & SUDERSHAN MEHTA

Internet banking has a simple meaning at the basic level. Internet banking can mean setting up of a web page by a bank to give information about its products and services. At an advanced level, it involves provision of facilities such as accessing accounts, funds transfer, booking an air or rail ticket and much more. Electronic banking is the wave of the future. It provides enormous benefits to consumers in terms of the ease and cost of transactions. Electronic banking also makes it easier for customers to compare banks' services and products, can increase competition among banks and allows banks to penetrate new markets and thus expand their geographical reach.

225-232

Authors: P.B.PANKAJA

‘Woman’s right to property’ has direct relationship to ‘Empowerment of woman’ and they are cause and effect concepts wherein law is a benefactor conferring rights to women as a measure of empowerment and removal of gender disequilibrium within the family relationship and woman is a beneficiary. ‘Right to inherit and succeed to Property’ is one of the most significant legal strategy favouring women who are striving hard to come out of patriarchal clutches reflected in joint family system and coparcenery, that distinguish Hindu jurisprudence from the remaining world family order. Women perform different roles in her family as mother, daughter and wife and law takes cognisance of it in recognising and conferring property rights. The rights and their incidence also differ in the context of nature of the property which is either separate or ancestral. Despite these divergences, it is an important tool of economic emancipation of woman, indispensable for realisation of her potentials for self-emancipation. But legal justice with legal hurdles, social barriers and deep rooted customs has no meaning for justice in real sense. This paper throws light on the consequent lag between the legal entitlement and societal acceptance leading to socio-legal tension to women folk and analyses how law operates on socio-psychological phenomenon in Hindu society, in an important area of personal law of Succession. The scope of the paper is confined to Hindu women in the light of the Hindu Succession Act, 1956 as amended in 2005.