IMPACT : International Journal of Research in Humanities, Arts and Literature

7-12

Authors: MEHRZAD MOSTOFI

The present article applies Foucault’s concept of Power to Christopher Marlowe’s Tamburlaine the Great (c.1587-88). Power is productive and not restrictive; there are power relations and power is not controlled by anyone, rather it is simultaneously everywhere and also the exercise of power is strategic and war-like. These are what Michel Foucault defines as Power which is totally different with the repressive notion of power everybody had in mind before Foucault. First and foremost, it tries to explain power in Foucauldian perspective and what does he meant by the concepts of or the relation between power and knowledge in generality. Furthermore, the scope of the article changes to trace the concept of power throughout the play. The remainder of the paper focuses on explaining the layers of the power dispersed throughout the society, the power of language and discourse, the downfall of societies’ rulers and the coming together of several realms under Tamburlaine’s banner. On the other hand, the power of individual kings, queens especially the Tamburlaine himself as the main embodiment of autocracy and also their ministers and followers in power will be discussed in due order, by having Foucault’s ideas in mind. Moreover, other terms related to Foucauldian ‘Power’ like ‘Sovereign power’, ‘Disciplinary power’ and ‘Pastoral power’ will be explained and traced in the play. To put it in a nutshell, the aim of the present article is simply to explore the capability of reading one of Marlowe’s plays in Foucauldian terms giving Marlowe’s play a new layer of meaning, to make it applicable for the contemporary reader and audience and to work on them anew.

25-32

Authors: Meenu Srivastava & Kalindri Verma

Health friendly baby care products are more in demand, to take care of baby’s sensitive skin, and avoid common skin problems. The present study was conducted with the aim to explore the satisfaction of mothers, on the use of baby diapers –cloth vs. disposable diapers. The study was conducted with 50 mothers of young babies, using a structured interview schedule in Udaipur city. The findings revealed that, the majority of the respondents were satisfied with existing diapers used commonly by them for their babies, whether; it was cloth diaper or disposable diapers.

37-40

Authors: RAKHPREET KAUR WALIA

ABSTRACT “ For you, a thousand times over! “ The Afghan born American novelist and Physician, Khaled Hosseini is worldwide acknowledged as the true gifted teller of tales of his native land, Afghanistan. Hosseini grew up there in a middle-class family, and is the eldest of five siblings. His father was a civil diplomat and his mother was a teacher of Farsi and History at a large high school. As a result, Khaled was very fond of Persian Poetry and was deeply influenced by her mother's books. He was also fond of reading novels and short-stories. In 1976, when Khaled was 11, his father was transferred to a diplomatic post in Paris. So the whole family moved to France. Residing in Paris was a period of discovery of many new things for him. The year 1978 was a period of tremendous calamity in the history of Afghanistan, as the communist forces took control in a coup in the country. Khaled and his family could witness all upheavals going on in his land through television. At last, they had an idea of not returning back to Afghanistan. So, they decided to migrate to the United States. First, they sought political asylum in the States and then got settled in California. It was financially very difficult for them to survive there. “My parents were educated people. They had established lives, and when we came to the States, we left everything behind. We had to start from zero (Hosseini, Los Angeles Times 2003) Gradually, their conditions improved and Khaled enrolled himself in a medical course. Soon he became a famous doctor, got married to Roya and settled in Northern California.

47-54

Authors: ABOUTALEB BAZVAND

ABSTRACT The oil and gas industry has been one of the controversial issues among activists. The industry plays a crucial role in the securing economy of the oil-rich countries; apparently, their economies depend on oil and gas industry which has several sections. Clearly, investment in upstream oil and gas operation is substantial in the exploration and development of oil and gas field. There are different rules and regulations in upstream operation. The strict rules in this kind of contract exist because their attempt is to save the parties which are mostly governments or a foreign investor rights. These essential rules are applicable but disputes cannot be ignored due to some disagreements. If any foreign investment in upstream section is one of the parties, ownership of oil and gas resources right, the host government rules and the risk of investor are very important issues that have to be considered. This paper aims to examine these issues and study some of these related laws, as well as to provide an answer to the question as to what extent these laws and rules are able to provide an immune legal structure either for host government or foreign investment in upstream oil activities.

61-72

Authors: Anoop Kumar Singh & Ravi Agarwal

ABSTRACT The regional rural banks would be a ‘model financial infrastructure’ for rural development with patronage and encouragement given by planners in the field. With this viewpoint the State sponsored, regionally based and rural oriented commercial banks had taken birth in rural India, which is popularly known as ‘Regional Rural Bank’. Despite the fact that RRBs worked for around four decades and they achieved performance to the expected level quantitatively, but not turning towards sound financial management and productivity. Moreover the achieved performance is not uniform, though they are working under the same approach of administration and management. In order to achieve the effective and efficient performance, the RRBs have been taken up amalgamation process at a larger scale in the year 2005-06. Amalgamation of regional, rural banks was considered to be a strong mechanism to strengthen all banks financially. In the present study an attempt has been made to assess the effectiveness of Amalgamation and comparing the financial performance of selected standalone and amalgamated regional rural bank during the post reorganization period. To measure the financial soundness of these banks, the CAMELS Model, which is an appropriate technique, is adopted. It is observed from the study that only an amalgamation of banks is not enough for strengthening the financial performance of the RRBs. Consolidation of banks with proper strategy is essential for their sound and viable financial performance.

81-86

Authors: AMEERA. V.U

ABSTRACT Polygamy was a contentious issue within Muslim community always; the reformers within the community were battling for the ban of it, while orthodox religious leaders were adamant to preserve it at any cost. The Quranic principle, that a Muslim man can have up to four wives in special circumstances, has been misinterpreted in different ways and it has been taken as a license for a man to satisfy his licentiousness and thereby to threaten his wives. Literature as well as cinema has given adequate representation to this evil within the society or in other way it has played a crucial role in perpetuating the anti Islamic idea that a man might have wives to his heart’s content. The paper tries to analyze the depiction of polygamy in some Malayalam novels.

75-78

Authors: S.N. Arunkumar & A. Benazir

India is an inconceivable nation portraying wide social, social and sexual varieties. Indian idea of sexuality has advanced after some time and has been tremendously impacted by different rulers and religions. Indian sexuality is showed in our clothing, conduct, diversion, writing, figures, sacred writings, religion and games. It has affected the way we see our wellbeing, malady and gadget solutions for the same. In present day period, with fast globalization the one of a kind Indian sexuality is getting diffused. The time has come to rediscover ourselves as far as sexuality to achieve singular flexibility and to reinvest our vitality to social issues identified with sexuality.

95-102

Authors: Agnes Wanja Kibui

Students exhibit negative behaviour in schools because they lack the social skills necessary to use in order to meet their basic needs. The skills that are necessary to interact in a constructive and cooperative manner may not have been developed in students for various reasons. For example, changes in the traditional family structure have reduced children’s exposure to parents who model societal moral values. In most cases, especially in the urban set up, both parents work, and have limited time to interact with their children. In other cases, children have limited exposure to positive adult models in the society who are trained in resolving conflicts. In addition, changes in popular modern culture expose children to negative models of conflict resolution. For instance, popular movies and television shows often portray violence as a glamorous and effective way to solve grievances and disputes. All these limited constructive social skills among the youth have become a major concern for parents, educators, government, and society. This study recommends that it is necessary to improve students’ interactive skills by training them in positive behaviour so that they can become responsible citizens. In this way, teachers will spend less time dealing with disciplinary problems, and hence leave more time to assist students with academic pursuits.

9-16

Authors: PEER SALIM JAHANGEER

In his poetic book “The Country without a Post Office” Agha Shahid Ali expresses his diasporic consciousness for his homeland and its people for whom he can do nothing except to present in his poetry. So, poet’s motherland occurs in his poems not only as a place that was paradise once, but which is turned in to hell at present by different agencies, poet hopes that peace will return, as spring may return. The focus of this paper will be the nostalgic feelings of Agha Shahid Ali about his mother land Kashmir, which was once a time called Paradise on the earth.

27-30

Authors: S. N. Arunkumar & A. Benazir

ABSTRACT This very research paper study dealt with the art of comparison with worldwide famous novel , Harry potter series and Hindu mythologies. This study was done under the guidelines of research methodology. The core of the novel, characters, education methodology of the harry potter series and Hindu mythologies were taken for comparison and have given justification to the title. The study is no way trying to prove that harry potter was influenced by Hindu mythology instead it shows the similarities and dissimilarities by nature.

47-54

Authors: Ravindra Singh & Shivali Singh NAAS Rating:

ABSTRACT Shashi Deshpande, second daughter of famous Kannada dramatist and author Sriranga, was born in Dharwad of Karnataka in India. She got Sahitya Akademi Award and Padam Sri Award. She is called a woman writer. The main thematic concerns of her novels are woman’s struggle, inner conflict and search for identity, parent-child relationship, and concept of marriage and sex. She portrays The New Woman in her fiction. They can be defined as one who is conventeducated; one who is professional in outlook and career-seeking; one who is seen at war against the male chauvinism, the tyranny of one's mothers and grand-mothers; one who is engaged in one's struggles against patriarchy, gender bias and discrimination in the family; one who holds one's independent views on marriage and sex; one who is prepared to sacrifice one's wifehood and motherhood for the sake of one's career, and one who does not hesitate even to use one's sex as a stepping-stone for the promotion of one's career. These women tried to demolish the old power structure in their families without creating an alternative social set up for them. Since these women fail to do so and at the same time fail to fit in the old power structure, they pass through the unimaginable anguish, grief and sufferings, and are found alienated, defeated and disintegrated in quest of their self-identities. The aim of the present paper is to highlight the new woman versus the old power structure in the family and society in the select novels of Shashi Deshpande and to delineate the fight back of female protagonists against injustice done to theme.

59-70

Authors: MAYANK VATS & LEEPAKSHI RAJPAL

This paper primarily focuses on the concept of the Legal dimensions with reference to the concept of Insanity defined under section 84 of the Indian Penal Code. This paper basically takes into consideration the various aspects of insanity that have been used till now in the court of law. It focuses on how the concept of insanity has been used as a major defence in the court of law, over the period of time .The paper commences with the introduction to the concept of insanity and gives a jist about what has been done in the paper and as to why it is done. Then it further proceeds towards its approach by explaining the historical background of the same. It discusses in this part that how insanity, was used in the past as a defence and how it is relevant in the present context and how it is used as a defence now, and how does it makes sense. Then it gives an introduction to the concept of insanity as defined under section 84 of the Indian Penal Code and then how people take insanity as a defence with regard to the offence or the crime that have operated. It then discusses the test of insanity, that how the law have defined the test of determining the level of insanity and also, that to which level the relief is granted with respect to the crime committed. Then it further proceeds with the concept of Medical insanity and discusses that how medical insanity is different from legal insanity. It then discusses various case laws that help us to understand the concept of insanity in a better legal sense and the application of insanity as a defence. Last but not the least, the paper sets in certain set of conclusions that are vital for the understanding of the concept of insanity under section 84 of the Indian Penal Code.

79-84

Authors: SHIPRA DUA PIPLANI

New technologies have led to new ways of thinking, practicing and producing journalism content in India. The Internet has enabled the people or public to enhance awareness of events, issues in India. The study aims to know the attitude of people of Urban and Rural Area towards Social networking websites and citizen journalism. The survey method was used to collect the data. The statistical tool t-test was used to analyze the data . This was used to know the significant difference of attitude among the different places of residence. The study highlights that the majority of the people thinks that Citizen Journalism is real journalism done by citizens and not biased and gives the opportunity to participate

23-34

Authors: HALDUN SEKERCI

In parallel to rapidly developing and changing technology in the world, new cultural dynamics emerge in countries’ cultures and some cultural values are abandoned. One must never forget that countries have conscious created by their historical experiences and cultural values in order to continue their existence. For this reason, nations work to keep alive and spread their lost or lingering cultural values. One of our cultural values abandoned in this respect is Tombac workmanship. Tombac products are now displayed in museums and nearly lost from our daily lives. Spreading tombac products has been unsuccessful for various reasons. Although there are courses in curriculums of ornament production and jewelry departments of some higher education institutes, there are no practical courses. Apart from schools, there is no effort to keep alive this handicraft other than some feeble personal attempts. One of the alternatives to keep alive and spread tombac production is the Kitsch concept. Once it was a value that must be avoided in the name of art, but now it may be important to use Kitsch concept to keep alive a cultural value of our country, accepted in nowadays art and not rejected by Postmodernism. Thus, this topic is studied in the paper and some suggestions are made

41-48

Authors: SUVAGIYA DAYA & SHILPA V C

The study on “assessment of information need of agri-media users” was undertaken to assess information needs of agri-media users. Three stages random sampling technique was adopted for the selection of samples. At the first stage, one district selected from the Gujarat state. At the second stage two taluka were selected from Junagadh districti.e. Visavadar and Mendarda. At the Third stage from each selected taluka 5 villages were selected randomly and then from each village 10 farmers were selected randomly for the collection of data. Therefore, 100 samples were selected for the study. The mass media users surveyed from two taluka of Junagadh district have important implications for agricultural information dissemination that public extension system and other programs carried out in developing countries. Although the impact of agri-media is very satisfactory to the extent but then also impact was very less. Five factors were extracted from 21 statements (variables) such as handling and transport needs, plant protection and growth, knowledge and technology utilization, credit and insurance, beneficial and environment and diversity and under that highest factor loading was found in variables such as storage, disease management, planting method, credit and loans, seed treatment and market and price. These factors were needed to satisfy information needs of mass media users.

59-62

Authors: NIAZ AHMED

This paper basically talks about the Iraqi women’s position in social, economic, and political life in the period of sanctions era, when the United States of America and United Nations imposed sanctions on Iraq. It also discusses how women declined from their position for economic crisis and how women faced insecurity and discrimination in that particular time from all sides. This also mention about what were the government policies for the protection of women, how feminist movement came into Iraq and what was its impact for the protection of women from all kinds of discrimination. This paper also discussed the situation of women and their relations with society and state in that particular time.

73-80

Authors: DAVID NEWLYN

The importance of assessment has been well established, but how to best communicate required standards and criteria to students are a more vexed concern. Students commonly ask 'How can I improve my marks in this unit?' They also commonly ask for examples of assignments or past exams in order to guide them. This article reports on the results of a longitudinal study which aimed to measure the value of using exemplars in terms of the impact that these exemplars have on students' marks. Exemplars which focused on the final exam were provided or withheld from different groupings of students undertaking the same unit of study over a number of years. Results for final exam grades achieved by students over a period of eight years have been recorded in order to provide guidance on what impact exemplars have on students' marks. The findings of this study reported in this article promulgate that exemplars are a highly valuable tool for improving students' marks.

87-90

Authors: VIKAS PRAJAPATI & AKANSHA PRAJAPATI

The purpose of the study was to construct the objective knowledge test on history and rules of field hockey for the degree students. The study was conducted on 150 students of Bachelor of Physical Education and Diploma in Coaching. After setting objectives, test blueprint was prepared. A 100 items objective test, subjected to careful analysis by the experts, as were administrated. The subjects were asked to complete within 90 minutes. Answers of the test were subjected to item analysis consisting of the difficulty rating and index discrimination. A total of 14 questions were deleted depending upon the results of the items analysis. The reliability of the test was established by using spilt halves method which was 0.642 for half of the test. Then the spearmen Brown prophecy formula was used to prophecy reliability of entire test which was 0.684 at the 0.05 level of confidence. The co-efficient of correlation by test – retest method with selected test items was 0.89.

97-100

Authors: ABHISHEK DAVID JOHN, G. NAGARAJAN & M. ARTHI

Non-verbal communication (NVC) is the process of communication through sending and receiving wordless cues between people. It is an essential feature because only a small percentage of our human brain can process verbal communication. And therefore a wrong message can be conveyed if the body language of the speaker does not matches the verbal message he or she is delivering. Among the different types of NVC, body language or kinesics is considered to be the most important. Gestures, postures, walk, talk, maintaining eye contact, facial expressions are few that come under body language. It also helps in strengthening a first impression in situations such as in a business interview or while delivering a speech in public. And therefore it is very clearly understood that it is the unsaid words that strongly influence a person’s perception about the speaker. This research article throws light on the various aspects pertaining to NVC that one has to keep in mind while delivering a speech in public at different stages of the speech. The article also explains NVC from the audience’s perspective thereby enabling better understanding of the scenario.

7-12

Authors: Machhindra Govind Varpe

This research paper deals with the study of language in social context. It, also defines the concept of sociolinguistics, communicative competence and linguistic competence. Functions of language, a useful distinction between structural and functional approach to the study of language are dealt with.

19-24

Authors: David Maziashvili & Tatia Sibashvili

In the above mentioned article, “Robert Sturua's interpretation of Shakespeare’s anti-tyrants (from text to stage)“ Shakespeare’s three plays: “Hamlet”, “Julius Caesar”, “Richard III”- their original versions, Georgian translations and Robert Sturua’s stage versions textual interpretations have been studied. According to the comparison and analysis, the transformation of Shakespearean text and the characters that appear to be the bearers of the idea of liberty and the fighters against dictatorship were studied. The analysis of Shakespearean texts, their Georgian translations and Robert Sturua’s stage interpretations on the one hand, presents the author’s point of view about his characters that fight against the tyranny and on the other hand, how Georgian contemporary director Robert Sturua sees Hamlet, Brutus and Richmond and their aims in the context of Soviet and Post-Soviet reality.

31-38

Authors: Rakesh Mishra

The coined-word, Persons-With-Disabilities (PWD), refers to the persons with a permanent illness, incapacity or, injury that makes it a constraint for them to apply that part of their body wholly and freely. If somebody’s ability to speak, hear or, see is damaged before (Born Disablement) or, after the birth (Disablement After Birth)- such persons are called speech, visually or, hearing Impaired. Life of such a person is not so simple, it is rather, very tough and challenging. When I see a psychologically sound and stout PWD, passing a smile, on their sullen silent face, I see GOD in his/her appearance. Around 2.68 crore PWDs in India (2.14% of India’s total population of 1.25 billion), gaze at us with greater expectations for their welfare in the fields of Sports & Skill, Education & Employment, etc. Numerous National, International, Governmental and Non-Governmental Organizations have been doing a lot more, still it is just like a few drops of water on a hot-plate. There is a lot more to be done in this direction. However, we should not see only one’s Disability, we must see one’s ability and capability to do, for one’s betterment as well as for the Humanity as a whole.

47-54

Authors: Sanu S J

Business is thinking and acting globally with global customer base, international quality standards and adoption of internationally accepted business practices. In India, we have an accounting system designed by ICAI (The Institute of Charted Accountants of India). Once an Indian corporate is aiming at raising capital from a foreign market, then that corporate is forced to prepare its statements in a language accepted by foreign market. Currently GAAP (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles) and IFRS (International Financial Reporting Standards) are two domains widely accepted. This article tries to throw some ling on the basics of IFRS, the challenges in implementing IFRS in India and the benefits it can offer to corporate world.

59-62

Authors: B.V.Ramana Rao & Anjali Chaturvedi

Academic anxiety is a kind of state anxiety, which relates to the impending danger from the environments of the academic institutions including teacher, certain subjects like Mathematics, English, etc. Academic anxiety is important because, it influence the academic success of the students. The main objectives of the topic are, to find out the significant mean differences of Academic Anxiety among Boys and Girls, Class-IX Students of Secondary School situated in Rural and Urban area. A sample size of 500 class-IX Students were selected and taken up for the study. Academic Anxiety Scale developed by Dr. A. K. Singh and Dr. A. Sen Gupta was used for the study. It has been found that, there is no significant mean difference of Academic anxiety among Boys and Girls Class-IX Students of Secondary School. But significant mean difference is found among class-IX Students of Secondary School situated in Rural and Urban area on their academic anxiety level. As a conclusion it is the responsibilities of the teachers to create a positive classroom learning environment at school and provides remedial class to the students coming from rural area that can contribute to good academic achievement by students. Parents have to consider various factors that influence the academic anxiety among Boys and Girls Class-IX Students of Secondary School.

67-78

Authors: Marina Blazhekovikj Toshevski & Bardhyl Tushi

By transferring decision-making powers and responsibility for the education of local government education system is transformed into a set of decentralized, flexible built educational units in mutual relations of conditioning, and build a whole system of education that has the attributes of more adaptability to the specific economic and social conditions. The basic argument that speaks in favor of decentralization of education is related to improving the allocation of resources, and thus economic efficiency and improving educational outcomes. Within the decentralization of education, the issue of financing primary and secondary education is of particular importance, given the marked differences in the levels of development of individual municipalities in the Republic of Macedonia and the specificity of the existing network of schools. Depending on the decentralization phase, part of the funding through block grants for schools from the central government is transferred to the local government which is obliged to allocate part of the local budgetary funds for the maintenance and development of schools which are within its competence. In this research, research subjects using the questionnaire method are the teachers, professional associates and directors in primary and secondary schools in the Republic of Macedonia. A special segment of the research is the attempt, through a field analysis in educational institutions in the Republic of Macedonia, to perceive the financial aspect within the decentralization of education in the Republic of Macedonia. Macedonia.

87-94

Authors: Mayank Pant & Amarpreet Singh Virdi

Objective of the study: The purpose of the study was to examine components that influence the purchasing intension and moderating variable of consumers in purchasing green personal care products. Proposed Methodology: For which a questionnaire survey was deployed to collect valid samples from a total of 226 respondents who were white collars employees having knowledge about the availability of green personal care products working in Nanital, Uttarakhand. Study was done by using multiple regression analysis on testing of the independent variables (drivers) with dependent variables (purchase intention [PI]) and hierarchical regression analysis for knowing the moderating association between drivers and purchase intention. Key Results: Analysis showed that independent variables (green marketing messages [GMM] and purchase behaviour [PB]) were the prominent drivers affecting purchase intension. And independent variable (self efficacy [SE]) had moderating effect on green marketing messages and purchase intension. Implication of the Study: Findings would help marketers evolve marketing plans to have a longer life cycle of their products.

107-110

Authors: Vidya Merlin Varghese & Mathew P Joseph

Amitav Ghosh’s Sea of Poppies is the first book of his Ibis trilogy. Sailing along the Opium route on board the ship named Ibis, the inmates discover many new things about themselves. What invisibly governs and binds their lives on and off shore is the magical poppy seed which produces the alluring drug opium. The paper proposes to delineate how the lives of the lead figures are propelled by this minuscule seed that holds within it enormous strength. The novel is partitioned into three sections: land, river and sea. The inmates dream of boarding the ship,to settle in another place or land where they can forget everything of their past. The ship becomes their new father and mother because life aboard helps them review their lives and revive their latent courage. The sea is the meeting place to erase all differences that they held on shore. The paper attempts to analyse the text based on Roland Barthes’ propositions in his essay “Introduction to the Structural Analysis of Narratives”.

119-124

Authors: S. Prabhakaran & R. Lakshmi

This study deals with the allegorical representation of social issues and political changes in the multifaceted Indian arena. On the one hand, the study delineates political duty, transition, crisis, turmoil and chaos. On the other hand, personal desire, preference, and fulfilment. In a nutshell, there are controversial conceit between the conventional values and modern ideals at both of social and political context that has experienced since independence.

133-138

Authors: A. Antony Arockia Anufial Mel & V. Chanthiramathi

The main aim of the study is to find out the significance difference between problems faced by women college students in learning active skills in English of certain democratic variables. Survey method was adopted for this study. The sample consists of 297 Women College students in Thoothukudi district. Simple Random Sampling Technique was used. “Tool to assess Problems in learning active skills in English” (2015) self made tool developed by the investigator and guide was used to collect the data. The statistical technique used was percentage analysis and‘t’ test. The findings of the study were: It is found that 68.4% of women college students have medium level of problems in learning active skills, 14.8% of women college students have high level of problems in learning active skills and 16.8% of women college students have low level of problems in learning active skills in English. There is significant difference between English and mother tongue as the medium of instruction at school level by the women college students in their problems in learning active skills in English with respect to the medium of study at school level. There is significant difference between rural and urban women college students in their problems in learning active skills in English with respect to the locality at home. The educational implications and suggestions for further study are also given as per the findings of the study.

143-150

Authors: Keshav Nath & Neha Meena

The subject of the paper is on the aboriginal community of Santhals, which like any other marginalized tribe of India suffers from the immorality of the "civilized" and ignorance of the govt. and ministers who call themselves "servants" of the general public. The paper does not aim to attain any kind of pity towards such people as Santhals, but to get the respect and the rights that are duly theirs as being equally human as any other privileged individual. For the advancement of the society and our country it is really necessary that we acknowledge the importance of such tribes or aborigines, for the quiddity and extract of our culture relies with and within them

163-168

Authors: Dennis Joseph

Orhan Pamuk’s My Name is Red, the provocative and yet whimsical exploration of the nature and role of art in Islamic Turkey, has the themes of individual crisis arising from the sense of doubles and conflicts of the eternal East-West enigma of Turkish life. As John Updike writes, “Pamuk's ingenuity is yoked to a profound sense of enigma and doubleness. The doubleness, he has said, derives from that of Turkey itself.” (New Yorker). Though similar to The White Castle, My Name is Red, published in 1998 in Turkey is different from its previous novel, The New Life, which was published four years earlier. The New Life is full of pessimism and melancholy, but in contrast, My Name is Red has the beauty and joy and colorful world of the miniature paintings of the Ottoman era. Orhan Pamuk himself says that he enjoyed writing this novel that was fun. At the same time, the intellectual and postmodernist elements dominate the narrative. The New Life is supposedly the least successful novel by Orhan Pamuk in terms of public reception and reviews, whereas My Name is Red is his most popular and successful one. It is as if Pamuk had perfected the art of the novel with this book. Compared to the previous five novels, My Name is Red can easily be termed as a classic for its full exploration of artistic techniques, its narrative strategies, and its beautifully poetic use of language and the display of a wide range of characters, even unusual and strange ones which readers normally do not see in a novel. As in The Silent House. Pamuk uses multiple narrative voices here. The eleven narrators are presented sequentially, unlike in The Silent House. So the readers are not confused here, as each chapter's heading tells who the narrator is. As in The White Castle, Pamuk also explores the questions of the East-West dilemma and its tensions, this time in relation to artistic techniques and conceptualizations of artistic realities from the point of view of Ottoman miniature painters. The poetic evocation of the historic Istanbul is also presented in a beautiful way. As noted by many critics, the architectural quality that is aesthetically distributed throughout the chapters is quite visible in this novel, more than in any other previous novels. The influence of Pamuk's initial years of engineering education is obviously evident in the construction of this novel.

173-180

Authors: Sanna Usman

Life cycle rituals are the most important part of an ethno-linguistic study. Rituals incorporate stages like birth, adolescence, youth, adulthood, maturity and death. Every stage in life conveys certain cultural forms, as people travel through these stages. Religion and myth hold important positions in these rituals, as every religion has remarkable soul-changing encounters appended to both natural and sociological events that epitomize life. The semantic structure of the rituals can characterize the implications and meanings of the cultural terms used in the rituals. Through rituals, one can express convictions and demeanor towards one’s reality and surroundings. In this paper, all the religious and secular rituals associated with the linguistic community from birth to death are analyzed. The main focus will be on the language use in different rituals and forming a cultural lexicon.

187-198

Authors: Archana Jha

The participation of female in the workforce has profound impact on the economy, society and demography of Japan. Women are most underutilized resources of Japan. Sustainable economic growth is only possible when women join the labor force and their skill and talent are fully used. But, it also adversely affects the demographic structure of Japan. The rate of marriage has declined to 5.1 percent in 2015 from 10.0 percent in 1970; Fertility rate also declined from 3.65 percent in 1950 to 1.46 percent in 2015. Now divorce rate in Japan also gradually increasing so, all these causing shrinkage in the total population size of Japan. Thus, female participation in the work force has both positive and negative impact in Japan.

203-208

Authors: Umender Malik & Rakesh Kumar

Now a day, the parents are very much concerned about the studies of their children, due to which, there is lot of pressure on the students. Because of competition, the students are sitting at home and preparing for the exams. Looking into this, the study was conducted. In this study, the Academic Achievement of Sr. Sec. School student is related with their Internet Addiction. Descriptive Survey method was used. Random Sampling techniques were used to collect a Sample of 100 students from Sr. Sec. Schools of Rohtak district. In the study, we found that there is significant relationship between Academic Achievement & Internet Addiction of Sr. Sec. School Students. However, there is no significant difference between the Academic Achievement of Sr. Sec. School Students having high & low internet Addiction.