Centro Agrícola

5-13

Authors: Diana González Aguiar, Ubaldo Álvarez Hernández, Raciel Lima Orozco

The research aims to determine the main insect pest populations and their behavior in the combination cowpea - sorghum. This work took into account the phenology of each crop. The study was conducted on a Cambisol soil from the Basic Unit of Cooperative Production “Día y Noche”, which belongs to the Basic Unit of Cooperative Production “28 de Octubre”, Santa Clara municipality, Villa Clara province, Cuba. The experimental design was a random blocks included four treatments and four repetitions. The first arrangement consisted of two rows of cowpea for each row of sorghum; the second one included three rows of cowpea and one row of sorghum. The other treatments were the monocultures of cowpea and sorghum. The methodology included visual observations of plants with a weekly frequency until crop harvest to detect the presence of the insects. Also, the phenology of each crop was considered. The phytophagous insects quantified in the cowpea crop belong to the families Chrysomelidae, Pyralidae, Cicadellidae, while in the sorghum crop, these insects belong to the families Noctuidae y Aphididae. Finally, the results showed the positive effects of both spatial arrangements with a smaller incidence of insect pest populations.

21-28

Authors: Wilfredo Estrada Prado, Elio Lescay Batista, Alexander Álvarez Fonseca y Yariuska Caridad Maceo Ramos

Five onion cultivars were evaluated in three levels of soil moisture to determine the variables of greatest contribution to the total phenotipic variance in an experiment that was developed in the period 2008-2010 in the ¨Jorge Dimitrov¨ Agricultural Research Institute, Bayamo municipality, Granma province, Cuba. Fifteen treatments were used, distributed in a totally randomized design and a sample of 20 plants was taken at random in each treatment. The following indicators were evaluated: leaf length (cm), leaf number, false stem diameter (cm), equatorial bulbs diameter (cm), polar bulbs diameter (cm) and bulb yield (g plant-1). Beside the following indexes were evaluated: Yield Losses (YL), Geometrical Mean Productivity (GMP), Mean Productivity (MP), Relative Efficiency Index (REI), Drought Tolerant Index (DTI), Stability Yield Index (SYI), Susceptibility Drought Index (SDI), Harmonic Mean (HM) and Tolerance (T). A simple correlations analysis to determine the relationship between the variables evaluated and a principal component analysis to determine the variables of greatest contribution to total phenotypic variance was performed. The results showed that the equatorial and polar diameter of the bulb and leaf length explained 93.21 % of the total phenotypic variation and the variables of more contribution were, the indexes as well as the yield and their components, those that were correlated in a positive way among them, this demonstrates that a great relationship exists among the indexes evaluated with the components of the yield.

36-41

Authors: Néstor Orrala Borbor, Lidcay Herrera Isla, Mercedes Arzube, Livington Pozo

The nematodes are the important pests for watermelon and among them Meloidogyne incognita(Kofoid y White) Chitwood and Rotylenchulus reniformis Lindford and Oliveira. The use of rootstock is a power tool to control soil borne diseases like nematodes, and this research had as main objective to evaluate the effect of several bionematocides and chemicals in a randomized block design with three replications. The watermelon hybrid Royal Charleston grafted on RS-841 (Cucurbita máxima x Cucurbita moschata). was planted. The dosages employed were the recommend by the fabricant and were applied to soil in two moments, at transplant and 20 days after. The galling index (AI), the reproduction factor (FR) and reproductive index (IR) were determined 45 days after transplantation and after the first harvest (65 d). The evaluation consisted in determine agronomicals parameters and fruit quality. The results showed that applied nematicides no controlling M. incognita nor R. reniformis before 45 days after transplantation, but the grafted plants with high gall levels because the important development and vigor of the plant, allow to obtain satisfactory commercial yield.

57-66

Authors: Néstor Vicente Acosta Lozano, Raciel Lima Orozco, Andrés Castro Alegría, Juan Humberto Avellaneda Cevallos, Yuinson Gregorio Suárez Reyes

It was assessed the effect of three nutritive solutions (Hoagland, La Molina y FAO) and three harvesting time (12, 15 and 18 days) on forage yield and nutritive value of green fodder hydroponic from maize (Zea mays, L.). The experiment was developed in “La Sevilla” farm placed in San Marcos town, municipality and province of Santa Elena, Ecuador. The maize seeds 2,5 kg/m2) were washed, disinfected, soaked during 24 hours and placed in germination plates (1 x 1 x 0,04 m) in dark condition during three days. It was applied to a fully randomized design with factorial arrangement without interaction 4 x 3 (3 nutritive solutions + 1 control (water) x 3 harvesting time) and 3 repetitions per treatments. The highest yields in terms of dry matter (137 and 114 kg DM/m2/year) and crude protein (21,3 y 15,5 kg CP/m2/year) were reached with the Hoagland and FAO solutions at 12 days of age, respectively. It was concluded that the best harvesting time independently of the nutritive solution was at 12 days and in all harvesting time the Hoagland and FAO solutions showed the best agronomic and chemical results.

73-78

Authors: Maira Ferrer Reyes, Reinaldo Roque Rodés, Carlos Lamelas Felipe y Alberto González Marrero

The work was carried out at the station for irrigation and drainage of sugarcane, Havana province. The time heat in the great period of growth was determined in eight stools grow Ja 60-5, under irrigation and rain fed conditions. The thermal time accumulated during the great period of growth, plants and sprouts was superior to that obtained under rain fed conditions and tended to decrease as the great period started later to the month of may, similarly behaved the agricultural yield. Greater heat time was obtained by the plant "noviembre.81" and their respective offspring under irrigation conditions, with 1314,3 and 117,35 ºC day, respectively. The yields of these plantations were: 166 and to117.5 tha-1 the tendency found between the thermal time and agricultural yields, with the date of commencement of the great period of growth was adjusted to a logarithmic type model.

88-92

Authors: Tania Domínguez Soto, Lázaro Jesús Ojeda Quintana y Xiomara Moreno

Cienfuegos Botanical Garden and the Municipal Agricultural System, a territorial approach to local management extensionism

5-12

Authors: Yoerlandy Santana Baños, Armando del Busto Concepción, Yunio González Fuentes, Irisley Aguiar González, Sergio Carrodeguas Díaz, Pedro Luis Páez Fernández, Geilsys Díaz Lugo

The research aimed to evaluate the combined effect of T. harzianum and FitoMas-E® on germination and growth of tomato seedlings. In the first test tomato seeds cv. Vyta they were used to treat with solutions FitoMas-E® (2.0 % v / v) and T. harzianum strain A-34 concentration of the solid medium of 1.7 x 109 CFU mL-1 . Germination percentage every six hours by placing 50 seeds per Petri dish of 10 cm diameter with five replicates per treatment is evaluated. In a second test the effect of inoculation of T. harzianum and FitoMas-E® on the growth of tomato seedlings in conditions rootball was evaluated, using trays 264 alveoli and substrate made from peat: soil: rice husks (3:2:1). Speed and percentage germination of tomato seeds treated FitoMas-E® and T. harzianum was found, combined use increases the values of stem diameter and total and radical mass, which can be exploited for transplanting plants tomato, generating a possible diminution in production costs.

22-29

Authors: Ivis Díaz Aguila, Leónides Castellanos González, Mairely Sarduy Díaz, Layda Toledo Vazquez, Cid Naudi Silva Campos, Renato de Mello Prado, Enrique Parets Selva y Leandro Rossato Moda

The present work aims to evaluate the effect of three phosphorus sources, filter cake and microorganisms on the morphometric variables in tomato seedlings (Solanum lycopersicum L.). The investigation was carried out under greenhouse conditions in the Citrico Arimao Enterprise. A Brown soil without carbonate differentiation was used, to which was carried out an agrochemical analysis previously. An experimental design totally randomized was used, with factorial arrangement 3 x 3 + 1, and three repetitions. As a source of phosphorous triple superphosphate, simple superphosphate and a natural phosphoric rock were used and the three levels of organic fertilization consisted of the application of filter cake, filter cake enriched with Azotofos biofertilizer and without filter cake. At 45 and 60 days, the morphometric variables, height, diameter of the stall, the mass of the aerial part and of the root were measured. Variance analyses for all the variables were carried out. The media were compared by Tukey test with a level of error probability of 5 %. The ASISTAT statistical package was used. The morphometric variables, height, diameter of the stall, fresh mass of the aerial part and roots of the tomato seedlings at 45 and 60 days increased with the addition of filter cake, enriched or not, and the application of the phosphoric rock.

37-45

Authors: Alberto Espinosa Cuéllar, Luís Ruiz Martinez, Ramón Rivera Espinosa, Ernesto Espinosa Cuéllar

As well as sweet potato is a micotrófico crop, litle results where P fertilizer requirements associated with inoculation of strains of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (HMA) are reported. For these purposes two experiments were performed, evaluating the response of the clones ‘INIVIT B2-2005’ or ‘CEMSA 78-354’ to application of five doses of phosphoric fertilizer with or without the application of the species Rhizoglomus intraradices (INCAM-11 ) in Phaeozems haplic calcari, in a randomized block design, factorial arrangement and four replications. Tuber yield, percentage of mycorrhizal colonization of mycorrhizal spores contained 50 g of soil and phosphorus content in the leaf, stem and root tuberous were evaluated. A significant response mineral fertilization in performance with an optimal dose of 75 kg ha-1, which decreased to 50 kg ha -1 when soil was inoculated with R. intraradices was found, while maintaining equivalent yields . This effect was similar in both clones and in both years. Inoculation significantly increased the percentage of colonization and spores and the highest values ever obtained in the treatment of 50 kg ha-1 of P2O5 , lower and upper fertilizations showed lower values. The contents of phosphorus in different organs also showed a similar response. It is concluded that efficient inoculating strain originates adequate mycorrhizal HMA performance in the presence of medium doses of fertilizer, ensuring high yields with lower doses of these.

56-62

Authors: Leticia Jiménez Álvarez, Álvaro Arias Vega, Roberto Valdés Herrera, Marlen Cárdenas Morales

With the objective to determine the effect exerted by vegetable powders of Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl) A. Gray, Moringa oleifera (Lam) y Piper auritum Kunth on Sitophilus oryzae L., this experiment was performed. In the execution, adult insects were taken to evaluate the increase of them. Petri dishes of 9 cm with 10 insects were used inside additionally 5 g of rice (Oryza sativa L.) and 0.4 g of powder was added botanical species (T. diversifolia, M. oleifera, P. auritum previously dried at 40 0C for 72 hours and finely ground). At 40 days the test mounted, the number of insects present per plate was counted, and after testing, Z Multiple Comparison was performed using the software Stadistix. The results allowed us to conclude that these plant species are a viable alternative for the control of S. oryzae.

73-79

Authors: Silvio de Jesús Martínez Medina, Rafael Gómez-Kosky, Gudelia Rodríguez Valdés, Novisel Veitia Rodríguez, Orlando Saucedo Castillo, Víctor Gil Díaz

This work was carried out to evaluate morph agronomic parameters on field conditions plant populations of grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] variety CIAP 132R-05 regenerated via somatic embryogenesis. Plants regenerated from somatic embryos use as plant material in the present work were compared with plants grown from botanical seeds. Quantitative characteristics of the two populations correspond to those listed in the National Register of Commercial Varieties of Cuba. However the population of plants derived from somatic embryos showed significantly higher values in terms of: plant height, stem diameter, length and width of limbo and panicle, fresh and dry weight of panicle length assertion, grain length, number of spikelets per panicle, number of grains per spike and panicle, fresh and dry mass of 1000 grains and agricultural yields. These assessments allowed determining the phenotypic stability of the regenerated plants via somatic embryogenesis, by assessing morphological characters in field conditions.

88-89

Authors: Osdenia Moya Oñóz

Un gran desafío para lograr el comercio de productos agrícolas es la comunicación entre científicos Agrónomos cubanos y norteamericanos, lo cual requiere conocimiento no solo de las ciencias técnicas, Agronomía, Economía; etc., sino también del dominio del idioma inglés

5-13

Authors: Irenaldo Delgado Mora, Dunia Nuñez Jaramillo, Héctor Jorge Suarez, Sergio Guillén Sosa, Félix R. Díaz Mujica, José Ramón Gómez Pérez, Oscar Súarez Sanchez, Jorge L. Montes de Oca Suarez

The cultivar of sugarcane is the one with high productivity when grown under different environmental conditions. The most critical periods in terms of manufacturing performance, occurs in the first stage of harvest (November-January), which has been a concern of producers and a challenge for breeders. Therefore, the objective of the work is to evaluate the cultivars cane early maturing sugar high sugar and stable performance in various environments, for the start of the sugar harvest in Sialitizados non-calcium soils, using cold plantations. The experimental phase of this work was done in the experimental block Spartacus, belonging to the Territorial Research Station Sugar Cane Villa Clara, strain cane plant and first sucker. By high sugar yields and low levels of reducing sugars was obtained as a result, be used for the month of December, C86-156, C90-469, C89-148, C90-501, C92-203 and C89-161, varieties for January C87-252, C89-148, C89-161, C89-250, C90-501 and C92-203, for February cultivars C87-252, C90-469 and C92-203. The cultivars C87-252, C89-148, C89-161, C90-501 and C92-203, are noted for their stability in the variables studied at the beginning of the sugar war. Economically, it is not recommended to use C89-246 to present pol 3.27 % less than the average of the leading cultivar and reducing sugar values are above 0.38 can cause big damages in the manufacturing process.

23-27

Authors: Vidal Francisco Blanco, Osmany Cruz Coca, Hugo Aragón Labrada, Evelio Concepción Cruz y Ricardo Rábago Machín

Weeds are the factor that most affects sugarcane yields in Cuba. A planting non-free of weeds within 120 days after planting or harvest loses more than 30 % of agricultural output. It is important to know which are the predominant species in each field to select more effective treatments and the necessary inputs. The work was done with the database of weeds that frequent the cane fields in the province of Sancti Spíritus of two Business Units Base (Uruguay and Melanio Hernandez) with all its production units between 2006 and 2013 more 4800 fields, was made through a survey carried out weeds in sugarcane producing units, all this information is processed through software PC Weeds, resulting in the presence of 19 species (2 are very frequent, 4 rare and 13 accidental). As for the frequency of 4 species increase, decrease 10 species and stable 5 species.

36-41

Authors: Oscar Eduardo Ladino Rey, José David Rubio, Christian Andrei Chacin Zambrano

Research about filamentous fungal oil palm pathogens is as essential for the maintenance and the sustainability of the crop as the conservation of these identified fungi itself because it allows its uses for former researches or as a guide for identify fungi through time. The purpose of this study was to evaluate two methods of conservation, one of them in three times sterilized distilled water (ADTE) and with Glicerol 10 %. By four months, with a monthly review of fungi isolated from plant tissue palm oil affected by Aspergillus sp., Chrysosporium sp., Curvularia sp., Fusarium sp., Penicillium sp. and Rhizopus sp. Six of the seven fungi strains conserved were successfully recovered from the Treatment with Glicerol 10 %, while five of the seven strains conserved ADTE were recovered after the four evaluation months of this study.

49-58

Authors: Amaurys Dávila Martínez, Lidcay Herrera Isla, Maryluz Folgueras Montiel y Ernesto Espinosa Cuellar

Among the diseases affecting aroids is rhizome rot caused by various pathogen fungi. These rots usually appear in poorly drained heavy soils with high organic matter content. These diseases appear more during the rainy season because it is a fungus complex living in the soil and is favored by high humidity. In order to know the virulence of different pathogens involved in this syndrome, cross-species inoculations were performed. Species of Rhizoctonia solani Kühn and Sclerotiun rolfsii Sacc were used in croos inoculations as they showed a higher percentage of appearance in the analyzed samples. The pathogenicity of the major fungal species was confirmed in Xanthosoma: S. rolfsii, F. sulphureum and F. chlamydosporum and in Colocasia: Phoma sp, Diplodia sp.and S. rolfsii. In the combined inoculations, Rhizoctonia solani showed synergism in the fungus Phoma sp in Xanthosoma and F. chlamydosporum in Colocasia and an antagonistic effect with the rest of the species. S. rolfsii showed synergism with all fungi in Colocasia except with Diplodia sp. and Phoma sp. while in Xanthosoma it showed antagonism with all species.

66-75

Authors: Héctor Jorge Suárez, Irenaldo Delgado Mora, Antonio Vera Hernández, Sergio Guillen Sosa, José R. Gómez Pérez y Oscar Suárez Sánchez

The results obtained on commercial seedbeds of Factory Ofelina (Panamá) are presented. Were you sampled 289.55 ha in 13 fields planted with ten varieties in plant cane, ratoon and second shoot those who underwent first molecular diagnosis (PCR) for stunting diseases shoot and leaf scald, then staining was performed vascular xylem vessels with safranin whose purpose was to determine the percentage of functional vessels. The molecular diagnosis offered the 49 and 6 % of the samples had the presence of bacteria Leifsonia xyli (subsp xyli) and Xanthomonas albilineans (Ashby Dowson) respectively, while 92.7 % of the area evaluated showed values higher than 85 % functionality xylem vessels. In Cuba the total cost of production of registered seed II hovers around $ 8 188 724.2, using the 20 % of ratoon in the country would save approximately $ 1 066 370.7. The use of ratoon as seed is a common practice in countries like Brazil, Colombia, Argentina and Costa Rica, among others, its use is depending on the effectiveness of treatments to be given to the seed through the chain seed and varieties resistance to use.

83-92

Authors: Angel Rolando Robles-Carrión, Lidcay Herrera-Isla, Roldán Torres-Gutiérrez

This work was carried out with the aim of documenting the importance of Babaco for the Andean region, its main plant pathogens, and possible control strategies and integrated management, emphasizing the MVB. Was performed a systematic review of scientific papers published in prestigious journals and thesis diplomas, masters and doctorates from various universities. As a criterion for inclusion-exclusion studies were taken into account in the genus Vasconcellea . Ecuador has 15 of the 21 described species, of which more than half are located in the province of Loja. Vascular Wilt Babaco (MVB) is caused by a complex of Fusarium fungi that interact with the plant. There are no integrated management strategies for Vascular Wilt Babaco scientifically proven.

5-14

Authors: Juan Alejandro Villazón Gómez, George Martín Gutiérrez, Yakelín Cobo Vidal, Yunior Rodríguez Ortiz y Beatriz Montero Sarría

The research consisted of determining the quantities of dry matter and primary macroelements on the foliar biomass that contributes to the soil the sugarcane fertilized with different fertilizer rates of potassium in an experiment with a design in complete blocks at random (8 treatments x 6 repetitions) on a Chromic Vertisol. Five plants were cut in the furrows 2 and 3 of the plots of the 3rd repetition before the harvest of each one of the four ratoons. To the sugarcane top of the samples were determined the percentages of dry matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium; was carried out a count of sugarcane stalk in each plot to express the percentages in magnitudes of mass. An analysis of variance of simple classification was executed and means were compared by Duncan test at 95 % of confidence. The treatment V was the one of bigger dry matter content, with 11.04 t ha-1. The 2nd ratoon showed the bigger dry matter content in the sugarcane tops, with 11.13 t ha-1. In the interactions the bigger influence of the sugarcane stubble phase on the dry matter can be appreciated. The treatment V was the one of bigger nutrient content, with 83, 16 and 197 kg of NPK, respectively. In the case of nitrogen the best interaction was the treatment V in the 3rd ratoon, in the phosphorus also the treatment V in the 2nd and 3rd ratoons and the treatment IV in the 4th ratoon, in potassium the interaction of the treatment V in the 2nd ratoon.

21-28

Authors: Ercília Lopes , Pedro Cairo Cairo, Ariany Colás Sánchez, Alianny Rodríguez Urrutia

In this work the morphological and chemical characteristics are compared on the deck of the subtypes, fluffy and vertic, addition of relations between structural stability and organic matter in the soils evaluated. The samplings were conducted in soils under different management systems in the municipalities Ranchuelo and Santa Clara. The indicators studied were soil pH, calcium, value T, organic matter, structure factor and the stable aggregates. The results show that in both subtypes there is a strong relationship between soil properties, organic matter, structure factor and the stable aggregates which confirms the importance of these properties as indicators of the soil quality related to the management.

36-43

Authors: Jimmy Walter Rasche Alvarez, Claudia Carolina Cabral Antunez, Eduardo Augusto Muller, Gerson Laerson Drescher, Leandro Souza da Silva

Both soil phosphorus (P) and soil acidity are the key factors in soil fertility management and often limits crop production in subtropical agriculture. The objective of this study was to evaluate the response of lime and different P rates on sugarcane variety and their interactive effect on the sugar cane borer attack. A three factorial experiment containing, two sugarcane varieties i. e., (SP81-3250 and RB-956911); with and without application of agricultural lime (3.5 t ha-1) and four P rates i. e., (0, 20, 40 and 60 kg P2O5 ha-1) was carried out at the research field area of Federal university of Santa Maria, RS, Brazil during 2011-12. It assessed a) sugarcane stalk length, b) stem diameter; c) number of internodes, d) number of stalk ha-1, e) stalk yield, f) °Brix and g) Intensity of infestation Index. Results indicated that, the stalk yields of RB-956911 and SP81-3250 was 106.6 and 139.8 Mg ha-1, respectively. The °Brix was between 18.60 % and 18.00 %, respectively. The Intensity of infestation Index was 2.76 % for the RB-956911 and 3.65 % for the SP81-3250. The lime application showed significant results only on the borer attack. Phosphorus application increased the sugarcane yield from 105.9 Mg ha-1 to 136.5 Mg ha-1 with 60 kg of P2O5 ha-1. The application of phosphorus increased sugarcane productivity but it does not contribute which increase the borer attack.

48-54

Authors: Karina Carrera-Sánchez, Lidcay Herrera Isla, Manuel Díaz Castellanos, Michel Leiva-Mora

The cocoa cultivated in Ecuador is having greatest aroma, exquisite flavor, fragrance and quality for exportation market; it is a strategic species for the Ecuadorian agribusiness. The present study was aimed at characterizing the associate mycobiota to cocoa fruits with symptoms of Moniliasis based on morphological characters in the Ecuadorian Amazon. Infected plant materials (flowers, and fruits) were collected and processed in the laboratory to prepare humid cameras. Once isolated, using the technique of humid cameras and based on morphological criteria the following genera and species of filamentous fungi associated with cacao fruits were identified: Cylindrocladium (Morgan), Dichobotrys (Hennebert) Moniliophthora roreri (Cif.) HC Evans, Stalpers (Samson & Benny), Colletotrichum (Corda) and Phytophthora palmivora (EJ Butler). The results indicated that the morphological features are very useful to identify and characterize filamentous fungi associated with cacao pods. These microorganisms can cause deterioration of the harvested material.

62-70

Authors: Klever Iván Granda Mora, Ariany Colás Sánchez, Yenisey Gutiérrez Sánchez, René Cupull Santana, Yelenys Alvarado Capó y Roldán Torres Gutiérrez

The present work was carried out with the aim to determine the effect of Rhizobium isolates previously characterized and genetically identified on morphological and physiological parameters and the nitrogen fixation of common bean genotypes. The phenotypic analysis of isolates carried out under controlled conditions, where the nodulation, morphological and physiological parameters and the nitrogen fixation of the genotypes ICA Piajo and BAT-304 were evaluated. The results showed that the isolated strains have the ability for abundant nodule formation in roots plant of both genotypes analyzed. The remarkable beneficial effect was for R. etli specie and the isolates from Santa Clara and Camajuaní-1, as well as the isolated of R. pisi from Camajuaní-2. The genotypic variability showed the close positive correlation among these strains and the genotype BAT-304 compared with ICA Pijao.

77-84

Authors: Arahis Cruz Limonte, Ubaldo Álvarez Hernández, Horacio Grillo Ravelo, Ramón Adalberto Ortega Camacho, Marlen Cárdenas Morales

The main purpose of this research work was to investigate the effect of the direct seeding and conventional tillage of soybean on the incidence of plagues and natural enemies. The study was carried out on the farm “Día y Noche” of the Basic Unit of Cooperative Production “28 de Octubre” (UBPC, for its Spanish acronym), and in the Laboratories of the Agricultural Research Center of Central University of Las Villas. Field experiments were conducted on an Inceptisol, since November 2013 to May 2014. The soybean cultivar Incasoy – 27 was used. The insects in relation to the development stages of the plant were identified and quantified. In both systems 10 species of phytophagous insects and one of entomophagous insects were quantified; Hedylepta indicata L. stands out with more presence in the direct seeding, while Diabrotica balteata LeConte and the species belong to the family Pentatomidae caused most damage to the plants in conventional tillage.

89-91

Authors: Alexander Bernal Cabrera, Manuel Díaz Castellanos, Ubaldo Alvarez Hernandez y Arahis Cruz Limonte

Glycine max, phytopathogenic fungi, Rhizoctonia, Sclerotium rolfsii, Thanatephorus cucumeris, hongos fitopatógenos

5-9

Authors: Ana Boudet Antomarchi, Vilma Emérita Chinchilla Calderón, Tony Boicet Fabré, Gustavo González Gomez

Between June and September 2012 in field condition in agroecological farm was carried out an investigation using a randomised block experimental design with four treatments and four repetitions with the objective to evaluate the effect of different doses of organic fertilizer bocashi in pepper crop (Capsicum annuum L.). The treatment consisted in the application of different doses of organic fertilizer bocashi (1.66, 2.22, 2.78 tha-1 and a control treatment without application). The results were evaluated by means of the program Statistica version 8.0, for windows, where the indicators used showed significant differences multiple comparison of Tukey was applied to p ≤ 0.05. The variable evaluated were: height of the plants (cm), steam diameter (cm),yield and their components (number fruit.plant -1, average weigh of fruit (g), average diameter of fruit (cm) and average large of fruit (cm)). The treatment where was applied doses of 2.22 and 2.78 tha-1 of organic fertilizer bocashi was obtained the best results in productive indicator evaluated with securities in the agricultural yield of 33.4 and 32.9 tha-1.

19-25

Authors: Edgardo Díaz-Alvarez, Michel Faife-Cabrera, Rafael Alejandro Pérez-Obregón, Enma Torres-Roche

Acoelorraphe wrightii H. Wendl is a palm native to Central America, the Caribbean and South Florida. In Cuba it is used in rural carpentry, primarily as fence posts, which could affect the dynamics of their populations. Because of this, in this work the dynamics of a population of A. wrightii and the potential impact of their use is characterized. They were identified and quantified in five transects 50 x 5 m all colonies as genetic units (genets) and each rod (ramets), identifying those in reproductive status. The estimated population size and life tables constructed time-specific. The population density and size are high, with an estimated more than three million ramets. However, only two top ramets to 3.60 m were found, but the average size was 2.52 m, although the species was described with a maximum of 5 m in similar conditions. Life tables of mortality showed two peaks, one between seedlings and other adults between 1.8 and 3 m in height, height they begin to be used. Also, a significant relationship between the height of individuals and their reproductive capacity is found. The cuts suffered by ramets seem to be affecting the reproductive capacity of the population. Despite the large population size, the overexploitation of reproductive individuals highlights the need to develop strategies for sustainable use.

35-43

Authors: Janhad Lázara Rodríguez Mendieta, Víctor Daniel Gil Díaz, Leandro Marrero Suárez, Andres Castro Alegría, Angel Mollineda Trujillo, Sandra Hoedtke, Jerome Bindelle, Raciel Lima Orozco

It was assessed morphological parameters, yield and mineral contents of grains and panicles of new sorghum cultivars harvested in two grain vegetative stages and two year season. Those sorghum cultivars (CIAP MC-04-12, CIAP 2E-95, CIAP 132R-05) were sown on experimental station at CIAP, Santa Clara, Cuba. The results were processed in the general lineal model (SPSS 21.0) to assess the effects of sorghum cultivar, the grain vegetative stage and harvesting season on morphological variables (plant high, stalk diameter, knot per stalk, leaves per plant, peduncle length, panicle length), yield (forage, grain, panicles) and minerals contents (Ca, P, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn) in grains and panicles. The small panicles (P<0,001) in both harvesting season corresponded to CIAP 132R-05 and the biggest panicle (P<0,001) to CIAP MC-04-12. The CIAP 2E-95 showed the higher forage production (DM/ha) in both harvesting season. In the grain vegetative stage of hard dough was evidenced the higher grains and panicles production in terms of dry matter/ha. It was concluded that CIAP MC-04-12 showed the highest mineral concentration in their grains and that the three sorghum cultivars have Zn and Mn contents that not cover the sow’s requirements at gestation-lactation stages, hence the diets to those sows’ categories on base grains and panicles from those sorghum cultivars should be supplemented with Zn and Mn.

53-60

Authors: Alejandro Negrín Brito, Yamile Jiménez Peña, Delma de la Vega Báez

The results of the agronomic effect of biosolids from anaerobic digestion of livestock residual on phenological indicators of tomato (Solanum lycopersicon L.) var. Vyta are presented, planted at a distance of 1.10 x 0.30 m on soil typical Ferralitic Red pH 7.3 with a content of P2 O5 , K2 O 17.2 and 48.30 mg100 g-1 respectively. Block design at random was used, with three treatments (0, 6.8 and 9 t ha-1) and three repetitions (nine experimental units). Each parcel had an area of 40 m2 and the biosolid was applied before planting in the base of the sulcus. The stem diameter showed significant differences for all experimental period, showing that treatment of 6.8 t ha-1 achieved the highest increase (0.19 cm). The height of the plants reported similar results showing the highest growth rate (0.18 m) in the 6.8 t.ha-1 treatment. The number of flowers, bunches and fruits was higher in the third treatment (application of 9 t ha-1 of sewage sludge). Commercial yield showed significant differences compared to the control (26.8 t ha-1) in the two treatments with application of biosolids (32.9 and 32.8 t ha-1), which represent 75 and 74 % of total production of each treatment. Performance is increased 5.20 t ha-1 compared to control.

67-74

Authors: Ricardo Augusto Luna Murillo, Juan José Reyes Pérez, Ringo John López Bustamante, Mariana Reyes Bermeo, Guadalupe Murillo Campuzano, Carmen Samaniego Armijos, Ana Espinoza Coronel, Carmen Ulloa Méndez, Raúl Travéz Travéz

Organic fertilizers are one of the alternatives in the group of products used in sustainable agriculture, mainly what is obtained from organic sources of recyclable nature as compost and vermicompost. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of organic fertilizers on the growth and development of tomato plants. The treatments were vermicompost, water hyacinth, and the combination 50 % vermicompost and 50 % water hyacinth control, using a completely randomized design with five replicates. The work was conducted at the Experimental Center La Playita, belonging to the Technical University of Cotopaxi La Maná extension and plant height, number of fruits, fruit diameter, fruit weight was measured. The results showed that the use of organic fertilizers in tomato plant height stimulated with 114.64 cm, number of fruits with 4.08 fruits, fruit diameter with 7.96 mm and weight of 226.50 g fruits, tomato plants.

85-87

Authors: Caridad González Fernández, Reynaldo Israel Cabrera Cabrera, Doris Hernández Espinosa, Jorge Luis Rodríguez Tapia, Livia González Risco

Keywords: coconut, Diaspis coccois, phytophagous.