Caspian Journal of Dental Research

8-17

Authors: Mina Motallebnejad *, Kataayoun Mottaghi , Shervin Mehdizade , Farshid Alaeddini , Ali Bijani

Introduction: As the oral health related quality of life has been important in many dental patients GOHAI is an acceptable tool, preparing its Persian version can be useful in oral health research among Persian populations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Persian version of General Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI). Methods: Translation was performed using the forward-backward process. The final Persian version was then tested through an interview and test-retest to evaluate its comprehensibility and reliability. A sample of 150 subjects (20-65 years old) was requested to answer the GOHAI items prior to a clinical examination. Data on the subjects’ socio-demographic characteristics and self-rating report of oral health, general health and dental care needs were recorded. Internal consistency was calculated by Cronbach’s α. Interview and test-retest reliability was evaluated by weighted kappa. Concurrent validity was assessed by comparing GOHAI scores and self-rated measures of oral health, general health and perceived dental care needs. Discriminant validity was tested by comparing GOHAI scores with clinical oral condition. Results: The mean GOHAI score was 46.78±7.85. Cronbach’s α (0.78) showed a high internal consistency and homogeneity between items. Weighted kappa coefficient for the interview varied from 0.60 to 0.96 and was between 0.33 and 0.64 for test-retest. Bland-Altman plot displayed a good agreement between the two GOHAI scores for both the interview and test-retest. There was no significant relationship between GOHAI scores and self-rating oral health (p=0.090), but there was a relationship between self-rating general health and mean GOHAI scores (p=0.047). Also, the low GOHAI scores were associated with the perceived dental care needs (p=0.001). There was an opposite correlation between GOHAI scores and caries and missing teeth (p<0.0001). Conclusions: The Persian version of the GOHAI exhibits acceptable reliability and validity, so it can be used widely throughout the Persian communities.

25-31

Authors: Ehsan Moudi , Sina Haghanifar , Hoora Hadian *, Ali Bijani , Mirmahmood Safinia , Nika Bahemmat

Introduction: The measurement precision of jaw is important for surgery or installing implants. Preimplant radiographs are important part of clinical evaluations before implant surgery. For choosing location, we should consider the important anatomical structures like mental foramen, inferior alveolar canal, nasal cavity and maxillary sinus.It is important to know the measurement accuracy of radiographic techniques. The purpose of this study was to compare mandibular vertical linear measurement in panoramic and tomography images. Methods: Three forms of mandible from dry adult human skulls were used in this study (triangle, square and ellipse). For each mandible, surgical stent was made using transparent with gold standard.acryl. A thin tube was placed in the stents in three regions (incisors, premolars and molars) to set gutta-percha. Then, the panoramic view and conventional tomography were obtained. Four oral and maxillofacial radiologists measured the vertical dimension in panoramic and conventional tomography. Finally, each mandible was sectioned in the marked sections and was measured by a digital caliper (gold standard) and compared with conventional tomography and panoramic view .The obtained data was analyzed using SPSS18 software and student t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient and non parametric Mann-Whitney Test. Results: The mean difference between the panoramic and gold standard linear vertical dimension values in premolar and molar regions was above 1mm and above 2mm in incisor region. The mean difference between conventional tomography and gold standard measurements in all three regions was 1mm. Conclusions: The linear measurement of vertical dimension in conventional tomography was more precise than panoramic. The use of a 2.0 mm safety margin in the evaluation of implant sites was recommended.In incisor area, the other radiography methods like CBCT was suggested.

39-45

Authors: Maryam Seyedmajidi *, Parand Keshavarzi , Ali Bijani , Reza Faraji , Neda Babaee

Introduction Cigarette smoking has been recognized to be a risk factor for progression of periodontal disease. Due to less inflammation and bleeding in the presence of clinical signs of periodontal disease in smokers than in nonsmokers and given the conflicting results of studies on changes in the epithelium and gingival connective tissue by smoking, this study was performed to evaluate the thickness and keratosis on the epithelium of free and sulcular gingival tissue in smokers and nonsmokers patients with moderate to advanced periodontitis. Methods: In this cross sectional study, biopsies were obtained from palatal gingival of 60 patients with moderate to advanced periodontitis (30 smokers and 30 nonsmokers). These biopsies were histologically processed, serially sectioned at 5 microns, stained with H. E. and examined by image analysis software (analysis-SL-starter), which was used to perform the morphometric evaluation of the outer and inner epithelial thickness, keratosis and vascularity in connective tissue. The data were analyzed with SPSS 17, t-test, Mann-Whitney Test, and Pearson correlation. p<0.05 was considered significant. Results: Histopathological examination showed significant association between smoking and CAL (p=0.048), keratosis on outer epithelium (p=0.020) and mean of thickness of outer (p=0.023) and inner (p<0.001) marginal gingival epithelium but gingival vascular density in nonsmokers was more than smokers (p=0.002). Collagenized connective tissue was observed in smokers more than nonsmokers. (p>0.001) Conclusions: It seems that the reduction of the clinical signs of inflammation in the gingival tissue of smokers is due to changes in gingival epithelium and connective tissue from smoking.

53-60

Authors: Effat Khodadadi , Mina Motallebnejad *, Mehnoosh Alizadeh

Introduction: The quality of life is defined as the individual's sense of well-being and their satisfaction with daily work as influenced by dental and oral conditions. Oral diseases are very common and have impacts on the different aspects of individual's life and can change their social performances roles, in other words, they can change the quality of life. The aim of this study was to evaluae the impact of oral problems on quality of life in adults who referred to Babol Faculty of Dentistry during 2009-2011. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed using a non-randomized sampling method. In this study, 500 patients who referred to Babol Faculty of Dentistry age 20-50 years were selected. Then all the questions in OIDP (Oral Impact on Daily Performance) questionnaire which were translated into persian from english were asked and completed. These questions are valuable and reliable for Iranians based on the previous studies. Finally, the data were analyzed by SPSS statistical software. Results: According to this study, oral problems have effected on (80.6%) of the patients’ quality of life. Gender, occupation, level of education and general health have impacted on OIDP score changes. There were significant differences in gender, occupation and level of education. In this study, the general and oral health conditions scores showed a significant association with OIDP score. Most of the patients’ complaint was about eating (64.4%), but going outside and shopping were the least (10%). Conclusions: According to the results of this study, tooth pain was the most oral and dental problem and tooth shape and size were the least effective on the oral health related quality of life. This shows that the most needed treatment are tooth restoration، root canal therapy and surgical treatment for pain relief.

8-13

Authors: Zahrasadat Madani , Maryam Seyedmajidi , Aliakbar Moghadamnia , Ali Bijani , Amir Zahedpasha *

Introduction: In direct pup capping, the exposed pulp is directly capped with a capping material to provoke a dentinal bridge formation to seal the exposed area.The aim of this study was to evaluate the pulpal response to MTA and capsaicin in cats. Methods: The sample for this experimental study consisted of 24 canines of cats, weighed approximately 3-4kg. After sedation, the teeth were cut and exposed at 3mm above cementoenamel junction, then divided into two groups: 1) direct pulp capping with MTA 2) direct pulp capping with Capsaicin. The cavities were filled with glass ionomer cement (Fuji IX). The cats were sacrificed in the first, second, and fourth weeks 4 canine teeth were extracted for the purpose of histologic analysis. 6Serial sections were cut parallel to the longitudinal axis of the canines. The sections were stained with hematoxylin & eosin, and were observed and analyzed using a light microscope. Results: In both groups treated with MTA and capsaicin, the inflammation decreased during weeks1, 2, and 4. Less inflammation was seen in MTA group but there was no statistical difference between the two groups (p=0.22). In the group treated with capsaicin, necrosis was observed in every 12 samples, but in the other group treated with MTA, only 1 pulp necrosis was seen in the first week (p=0.000). There was no significant difference in dentinal barrier formation, inflammatory response, and soft tissue changes between the two groups. Conclusions: The results of this study showed that capsaicin can decrease the severity of inflammation, but it is ineffective in dentinal barrier formation.

19-21

Authors: Mahmood Khosravi Samani , Arash Poorsattar-Bejehmir*, Sina Jafari, Mohammad Kashiri, Durdi Qujeq

Introduction: Salivary biomarkers may elucidate orodental inflammatory processes. Nitric oxide (NO) may help us to diagnose such changes. Methods: In this case-control study, all referral patients diagnosed with 130% sites were enrolled as generalized mild to moderate periodontitis group (PG). All PG and healthy control group (CG)’ individuals underwent scaling and root planning (SRP). The periodontal indices were recorded at baseline (day0) in both PG and CG, in addition to 14 days after SRP (day 14) : salivary nitric oxide level on same occasions also recorded. Results: Twenty seven individuals were enrolled as PG and 17 individuals were assessed in CG. All indices were improved with SRP after 14 days. Except for NO, none of the periodontal indices subsided to the normal values of CG. Conclusions: Nitric oxide is a sensitive biomarker in tracing periodontal inflammation.

27-31

Authors: Valiollah Arash *, Mehdi Pouramir , Mahmoud Hajiahmadi , Somayeh Mirzafarjooyan

Introduction: Stainless steel alloy used in orthodontics has elements such as iron - magnesium and chromium, which may be released due to corrosion in the mouth. The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes of these elements in the saliva of patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment. Methods: In a clinical study with simple non-random sampling, 1ml saliva of 11 patients (7 females and 4 males) who needed fixed orthodontic treatment and had no restorations or crowns were collected. During the fixed orthodontic treatment at successive times (a day, a week, a month, two months and six months), 1 ml of saliva was collected and evaluated for the amount of iron (spectrophotometry), chromium (atomic absorption), and magnesium (spectrophotometry). Bracket, band and wire used in all patients were stainless steel alloy and were manufactured by Dentaurum Company. After sample collection, the data analysis was performed with "Azeri-5" and "10 SPSS" software and repeated measures test. Results: The mean concentration of iron 66.326±0.541, chromium 0.483±0.324 and magnesium 0.552±293 decreased during the study but these results were not statisticaly significant (p>0.05). Conclusions: Iron, chromium and magnesium concentration do not exceed the standard limits in saliva during orthodontic treatment.

36-40

Authors: Homayoun Alaghehmand , Abdolhamid Alhavaz *, Mohammad Masoumi

Introduction: Low resistance of composite resins to abrasion is a primary concern in the application of these materials for posterior restorations which are prone to high occlusal loads. This study compared the wear resistance of three types of composites. Methods: In this laboratory experiment, five specimens of each of the three types of composites (z250, Heliomolar, Opallis) were prepared separately in brass molds. Composites were placed in 1-mm layers and were cured for 40 seconds. Using an abrasive device, Pedeb 1, with a chrome-cobalt abrasor, the specimens were abraded under a 20-MPa force, after 5000, 20000, 40000, 80000, 120000 abrasive rotations. Before and after all abrasion cycles, the specimens were weighed with an electronic balance with a precision of 10-4 g. The collected data were analyzed using paired samples statistics t-test and ANOVA analysis. Results: All the specimens showed a reduction pattern from the initial weights to weights after 120000 abrasive rotations. With more abrasive rotations, greater weight reduction occurs and this is of statistical significance. ANOVA analysis showed no significant difference between the three types of composites; yet, the z250 and Heliomolar groups were associated with the least and the greatest amount of wear, respectively. Conclusions: In all specimens, significant weight reduction occurred after abrasion but there were no significant differences between the 3 types of composites.

46-48

Authors: Arash Poorsattar- Bejehmir*

No Abstract