Asia Pacific Journal of Multidisciplinary Research

10-18

Authors: Cresente E. Glariana, Nick John B. Solar

This study attempted to determine the status of school safety and security in terms of the school sites, school playground, school canteen services, water safety, fire safety, campus security, building security, and sanitary facilities situation in eight (8) elementary schools in Libertad town. The descriptive survey was used to find out the status of school safety and security in the elementary schools of Libertad, Misamis Oriental. A checklist on the standards of facilities as implemented by the Department of Education was used to gather the data. Checklist was based from the 2010 Educational Facilities Manual. Evaluation based on the checklist showed that some of standards on 2010 Educational Facilities Manual were not observed. The schools have not complied with the requirements and specifications. The evaluation showed further that most of the schools did not comply within the standards set by the 2010 Educational Facilities Manual. School authorities may review the standards in the 2010 Educational Facilities Manual. The school should try to meet the standard to ensure safety and security of the pupils. Action plan may be prepared to be implemented in case of emergency.

28-38

Authors: Dave E. Marcial, Pablito A. de la Rama

Information and communication technology (ICT) plays a vital role in teaching and learning. This paper presents the landscape of ICT competency of faculty in the teacher education institutions in the central region of the Philippines. Specifically, the study investigates the ICT competency level in institutions of higher learning offering teacher education programs in the four provinces in Central Visayas, Philippines. A total of 383 survey responses was analyzed in the study. Respondents are all faculty handling any professional and/or specialization courses in the teacher education. The ICT competency level is measured empirically in terms of work aspects described in the UNESCO’s ICT Competency Standards for Teachers. The instrument used in data gathering was a survey questionnaire.This study reveals that the ICT competency level of the respondents is in the knowledge deepening level. The result implies that the teacher educators are integrative, student-centered and collaborative using the necessary tools. It is concluded that there is a slight technology infusion into the teaching instruction among teacher educators in Region 7. There is a need to improve the level of competency among the teacher educators, particularly skills in using complex and pervasive ICT tools to achieve innovative teaching and learning.

50-57

Authors: Maria Luz D. Calibayan

This study sought to collect, record, translate, and analyze the Tiruray proverbs. Specifically the study aimed to find out the following: (1) What are the existing proverbs of Tiruray in South Upi, Maguindanao? (2)What are the values found as expressed in the proverbs of Tiruraythat have been successfully preserved from their ancestors? The scope of this study was confined to the collected proverbs of Tiruray in South Upi, Maguindanao. The gatheredproverbs were transcribed from Tiruray to Filipino languageand the analysis of values from the translated proverbs was in accordance with the ideas of Andres (1985) and Timbreza (2003). The research design adopted in the study is descriptive content analysis because the main objective of the study was to analyse the values found in Tiruray proverbs. Findings revealed that the Tiruray have rich in oral literary piecessuch as proverbs which are transmitted by word of mouth from generation to generation. The Tiruray proverbs contain differenthuman values that teach or remind people how to live godly lives. Further, Tiruray proverbs conveyed message on how they value peace and harmony in the community for they are peace-loving people. The study of Tiruray proverbs could increase the body of knowledge about the cultural traits of Tiruray who are unique people and have rich cultural heritage.

68-75

Authors: Leandro A. Dalhag, Jackie Flor G. Gutierrez, Khaira A. Velasco

The study aimed to determine the influence of parental monitoring on adolescents’ moral, social and emotional development. The subjects of the study were two hundred sixty four (264) Grade 5 to Grade 8 students of Batangas State University Integrated School with ages 10- 14 years old. The respondents were selected by first conducting a pre survey of parental monitoring questionnaire. It was screened out and those adolescents’ students who experience parental monitoring were stratified according to age. Then the samples at each age were selected through convenience sampling. The data were obtained through the use of a self-constructed questionnaire. Based on the findings, parental monitoring has beneficial influence on adolescents’ moral, social and emotional development. There was no significant difference on the extent of influence of parental monitoring in adolescents moral development when grouped according to their profile variables. Also, there were no significant differences on the extent of influence of parental monitoring in adolescents social development when grouped according to their profile variables except to grade level. There were also no significant differences on the extent of influence of parental monitoring in adolescents emotional development when grouped according to their profile variables except to family form. As an output of this study, the researchers designed a seminar about information on parental monitoring and how it influences adolescents’ moral, social and emotional development. This seminar program will be implemented upon the approval of the management.

83-89

Authors: Romel M. Aceron

Writing is one of the macro-skills that can be developed through practice and enough exposures of individuals to the field of their interests. This skill can also be identified in the so-called theses as outputs presented by the authors—either students or practitioners of any field. According to Bitchener [1], “Writing an empirically based thesis requires a clear understanding of what is expected or required for each part or section” (p.1). However, there are still some unpublished theses under criticism as manifested in the negative feedback or reactions of both general and specialized audience based on the quality in general, and on the clarity of thoughts in particular. In thesis, a good facility of the English language is indeed significant which makes the individual reader easily understand the flow of the ideas of any topic covered in the study. This paper aims to determine and analyze the linguistic features frequently used in theses of teacher education students at Batangas State University-JPLPC Campus, Malvar, Batangas in the academic year 2013-2014. The linguistic features used in any of the parts of theses have been observed to determine its clarity in terms of form, use, and meaning, namely: present and past tenses, present perfect tense, passive and active voices, citations and qualifications, and commentary have been the main focus of this study. Based on the analysis and interpretation of the data coded and classified, results reveal that almost all of the concepts in the introduction of theses are certainly lifted and copied as indicated in the authors’ incorrect and improper citations. Theses read and coded appear to be a little more one percent use of qualifications which denotes discredits of points regarding the issue or concepts reviewed as reflected in the students’ strong claim for the said concepts. There is also a little amount of commentary to the theories or concepts and even to some findings reviewed. Therefore, the theses read and reviewed based on the sections can be improved and edited for clarity and viability, if possible for publication purposes.

104-109

Authors: Mario C. Nierras

This experiment aimed to find out the effect of basal thickness of mulched materials on the growth and fruiting performance of table banana (Latundan var.). The experimental field was a portion of an existing table banana plantation. It was laid out using Randomized Complete Block Designwith three replications. The four treatments were designated as follows: T0 (control - no mulch applied); T1 (applied with 15-cm thick mulch); T2 (applied with 30-cm thick mulch); and T3 (applied with 45-cm thick mulch). Results showed that table banana clumps mulched with organic materials at 30-cm thick appeared most favorable with the highest increase in plant height (319 cm) and number of suckers produced (4.25). The highest weight of fruit bunch and fruit hand were obtained by plants mulched at 45-cm thick with weights of 6.64 kg and 0.87 kg, respectively. The above findings were statistically significant from the control treatment.

120-127

Authors: Romel M. Aceron

In judicial settings, courtroom interaction varies from time to time, depending on the character and personality, ability and proficiency, and style and manner of individual participants. This paper investigates and examines the relevance of the courtroom interactions as reflected in the organization of points and in the sequence of turn taking system, specifically the analysis of interactional activities, techniques used, and functions of transition and conditional at talk in interactions. Based on the limited materials or source, only one Official Transcript with audio-recordings from RTC Branch 12, Lipa City, Batangas was utilized as the corpus of my study. The corpus is about the civil case between the telecommunication service provider, generic name (plaintiff) and the City Government of Lipa, Batangas.

135-143

Authors: Estelito J. Punongbayan, Simeona M. Bauyon

This study aimed to assess the instructional performance of teacher education faculty members in one State University in the Philippines as perceived by themselves and CTE students during the Academic Year 2012-2013 with the end view of formulating an action plan to enhance the aforementioned situation. The study utilized the descriptive method of research. This method attempted to ascertain the prevailing conditions and sought to answer questions to the real facts relating to the existing conditions. Results found that instructors/professors perceived their instructional performance as very good. Faculty respondents believed that they are qualified to teach the subjects they are handling. This was manifested by having good interaction between them and the students inside the classroom, by way of assessing their performance tasks and by way of assessing through pencil-paper test. However, student respondents perceived that the instructor/professors’ instructional performance were only satisfactory. They perceived that CTE faculty members are all in better position to handle the subjects assigned to them. Interaction between them was effective. Relative to the findings, it is recommended that instructors/professors should exercise their full potential in teaching so as to become excellent.

157-162

Authors: Floriza N. Laplap, Rodin M. Paspasan

University's energy management policy is more important as schools espouse new practices, technology and equipment that can affect energy needs. One of the programs is the Government Energy Management Program (GEMP) which aims to integrate efficiency concepts into the operation of government agencies to realize the reduction target of ten percent in electricity and fuel consumption in compliance with the presidential; directive under AO 126. From this perspective, this research looked into the energy operation in Cebu Normal University in order to come up with an energy management policy. Triangulation method with quantitative approaches was made in order to analyze the data gathered from primary as well as secondary information. The university’s consumption on electricity in the past 3 years, 2009 - 2011, shows a consistent increase in the monthly consumption of electricity from January to February and March due to various activities conducted for every last two months of the second semester. The university officials and the non teaching staff asserted that “the soaring prices of fuel and commodities are the barometer of the electricity crisis” while the teaching personnel mentioned that “energy crisis is manifested in the oil price increase”. Likewise, the students agreed and felt that “in the fast pace of modernization, the demand of energy is getting higher”. The current status of the university Energy Management Policy is belonged to Level 1 which means that the university had created small steps towards energy management. Consequently, the university’s energy saving practices and the energy management level of sophistication were influenced by the electricity consumption of stakeholders’. Thus, the university’s ability to devise energy conservation strategies and to raise its level of energy management level of sophistication can effect lesser energy consumption, thus efficient energy management system is attained.

171-178

Authors: Rosalie J. Avengoza-Almadrones

This study explored the formation of the Bihug‟s concept of nation in Tuaca, Basud, Camarines Norte. It specifically inquired if the Bihug have a concept of nation and presented and discussed this concept. The design of this research was descriptive and exploratory. The research design was constructed with a multi-level approach using in-depth or focused interview, focused group discussion and narratology. Thematic analysis was used to process the data gathered. The Bihug of Tuaca, Basud, Camarines Norte have varied concepts of nation although at first, the term nation seemed vague to them. Five different concepts were formed from the responses of the informants to the question, “what is their concept of nation?”. These were nation as people, places, benefactors and sense of belongingness. Three categories surfaced as to the Bihug‟s concept of nation as people. These were Filipino, Bicolano and Bihug. As to places, it was characterized as Pilipinas, cities and towns.

9-13

Authors: Maylen G. Eroa

The processing of Jatrophacurcas (tubang-bakod) to produce biodiesel entails wastes in the form of seedcake which can be converted into valuable product that can help nurture and improve soil properties. The College of Industrial Technology and the Chemical Engineering Department of Batangas State University (BatstateU) conducted an experimental study which includes the composting of the combination of Jatropha Seed-Cake(JSC) and Chicken Manure(CM) , formulating ratios of JSC and CM andcharacterization of the organic fertilizer produced. Generally, this study aimed to promote proper waste disposal by producing an organic fertilizer from the waste of biodiesel production which uses Jatropha plant and proving the feasibility of making the fertilizer as the main source of nutrient for plants. Specifically, the nutrients that were considered were Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K) and the Carbon: Nitrogen (C:N) ratio. Composting lasted for 6 weeks, three formulations were used, 30(CM):70(JSC), 50(CM):50(JSC) and 70(CM):30(JSC). The result implies that theorganic fertilizers produced can be a good substitute to the commercially available fertilizers.

22-33

Authors: Loida F. Tungao

This study was designed to assess the adjustment of married couples with different citizenship in selected municipalities of Bata ngas Province. The respondents were 174 mixed - marriage couples that were chosen through purposive convenient sampling. This study determine d the profile of the respondents in terms of sex, age, nationality, nat ionality of partner, place of residency and length of relationship. A descriptive method of research was utilized and survey - questionnaire was its main tool. Q uestionnaires were distributed to the respondents and were retrieved to be tallied, t abulated, in terpreted and analyz ed. The statistical treatments used in the study were frequency and percentage, weighted mean and chi - square. Results showed that most o f the respondents a re female, 27 – 30 years old and are Filipinos with American, Schweiz, New Zealan der, Japanese, Thai, British, German and Italian partners. Most are from rural areas and have re lationship length of 4 - 7 years. Further, demographical adjustment showed that most are adjusted in both cultural and financial aspect; while psychological adjus tment depicted that most are adjus ted on psychosocial aspect and high ly adjusted on emotional aspect. Correlating the profile and demographical adjustment of respondents showed significant relationship ex cept for the place of residency while the profile and psychological adjustment of respondents also depicted significant relationship. Moreover, the implication of the findings of the study to the Filipino community is discussed thoroughly to guide cou ples to constructively look at their strengths and adjust on their differences with each other.

41-45

Authors: Marielli Katherine C. Untalan, Ivy Fides R. Perez, Grace H. Reyes Kristine May H. Escalona, Liezel D. De Guzman, Roman Francis L. Lumanglas

Five selected fruits in Batangas namely banana (Musa lacatan), chico (Manilkarasapota), papaya (Carica papaya L.), pomelo (Citrus grandis) and tamarind (Tamarindicusindica) were a nalyzed for their proximate analysis, antioxidant properties and antioxidant activity. The study aimed to make a baseline database using the information obtained which will be useful for further studies and improvement of existing products and food process es and f or development of new ones. Among the five selected fruits, tamarind got the highest ash content of 12.51%, crude protein of 4.68%, crude fat of 3.39% and total carbohydrates of 46.67% but the lowest moisture content of 33.45%. Pomelo got the highe st moisture content of 91.74% while chico got the highest crude fiber content of 2.64%. Papaya had the lowest total carbohydrates of 7.54% while banana had the lowest crude fiber content of 0.51% . For the antioxidant properties, tamarind had the highest TF C of 0.007 mg quercetin / L, TPC of 0.223 mg gallic acid / L, and Vitamin C of 1024.41 mg/100cm³ while papaya had the highest Beta - carotene content of 286μg/100g. The selected fruits exerted remarkable antioxidant properties. Pomelowith 94.4% hadthe strong est antioxidant activity followed by chico with 91.96%, then banana with 90.84%, papaya with 88.72% and lastly by tamarind with only 70.69%. Based on the statistical treatment of results, there were significant differences in the antioxidant properties and antioxidant activity of selected fruits in Batangas.

54-61

Authors: Gerry S. Digo

The Commission on Higher Education (CHED) issued CMO No. 20, s. 2013 prescribing the new general education curriculum (GEC) for higher education institutions. Hence, this study aimed to prepare the Sorsogon State College (SSC) new GEC framework. The mixed - methods of research which involve the use of both quantitative and qualitative methods in a single study were used . Data gathering was conducted through survey and document analysis purposively selected and the results were examined through content analysi s. The paper concluded that there is no uniform GEC for the undergraduate courses offered by SSC. The total number of units of the curriculum ranges from 44 to 85 units that require two to five years to be completed. Likewise, the codes, titles, descriptio ns, and placement of subjects in the curriculum vary for all of the courses. With the expanded secondary education students will have to complete 136 units in senior high school and a minimum of 36 units in first year college for a total of at least 172 un its before they can pursue a certain profession. Hence, the proposed one academic year 45 - unit general education curriculum framework that is anchored on the development of personal, intellectual and civic outcomes for the formation of a just and humane society was developed for SSC.

68-75

Authors: Rufina C. Rosaroso, Nelson A. Rosaroso

This is an ethnographic study which described the local knowledge of the Lucbanin on Pahiyas. The generation of information on the local knowledge as described by the Lucbanin unfolded the natives‘ meanings in celebrating Philippine festivities such as Pahiyas Festival. Further, their cultural practices and beliefs, handed down from generation to generation served as contributory factors in the acquisition of local knowledge on Pahiyas , revealing its priceless and transcendent beauty . Triangulation was used in the study to analyze and interpret field notes based on participant observations, interviews and document/s analyses. Theme analysis was conducted concurrently with data gathering. Coding was used to classify and identify emerging themes/categories which provided extensive analysis of the data. Results revealed that oral traditions played significant contributions in the acquisition of local knowledge of the Lucbanins in the preparations and celebration of Pahiyas Festival . Oral traditions coupled with direct and participants’ observations, formal and informal education as well as folklore served as mystical instruments in the preservation and promotion of Lucbanins’ cultural and spiritual values and beliefs , keepingPahiyas Festival as a moving and dynamic legacy throughout the years. T he role of oral traditions as rooted in Lucbanins’ local history is a symbol of a true and genuine Lucbanin, entirely different from other locals in the country.

82-89

Authors: Mark Anthony M. Velasco

The study intends to compare the Visiting Forces Agreement (VFA) between the Philippines and the United States of America and the VFA between the Philippines and Australia. The research piece is arranged in the following flow of ideas. The first and the second part provides the foundations by highlighting issues on definition, historical background, provisions of the agreement and concerns faced by the agreement of the Visiting Forces Agreement (VFA) between the Republic of the Philippines and the United States of America and the Status of the Visiting Forces Agreement (SOVFA) between the Republic of the Philippines and Australia. The third part is an analysis of the VFA and the SOVFA under the tutelage of the framework on the non-intervention principle. As a result, the provisions of SOVFA were in consonance with the legal arrangement in the Philippines than the VFA with the United States of America.

99-108

Authors: Jonathan M. Barcelo, Abigail M. Gatchallan, Iris Joy B. Aquino, Dhenize Rommenick E. Ollero, Francis Leonil D. Cortez, Trishia Mae C. Costales, Lloyd Allen Q. Marzo

Coffee pulp (Coffea arabica) and peanut testa (Arachis hypogaea) are common agricultural wastes which are extensively studied as potential sources of bioactive compounds. This study attempted to determine the correlation of the antioxidant potential, lipid peroxidation inhibition and antimutagenic activities of the crude extracts of both plant samples. Q u antification of phenolic compounds, flavonoids and monomeric anthocyanins and Fourier Transform Infra - red (FTIR) analysis were performed to characterize bioactive compounds . Based from the results, peanut testa extract (PTE) exhibited higher total antioxid ant capacity (TAC) compared to coffee pulp extract (CPE) at <500μg/mL. Higher lipid peroxidation inhibition (LPI) was noted in CPE at >500 μg/mL but was lower than L-Ascorbic Acid (LAA). The antimutagenic activity of PTE at >125 μg/mL was higher compared to both RPE and LAA. Mitotic indices of A. cepa treated with PTE+MMS were higher compared to groups treated with RCPE+MMS, LAA+MMS, deionized water and MMS only. Correlation analysis revealed the TAC of ripe coffee pulp extract had significant moderate correlation with its antimutagenic activity but high correlation with LPI. The LPI of CPE showed significant moderate correlation with its antimutagenic activity. In PTE, TAC shows high significant correlation with its antimutagenic property and LPI while LPI has significant moderate correlation with its antimutagenic property. The observed activity of the CPE and PTE may be attributed primarily to the phenolic compounds in both plant extracts.

118-124

Authors: Reygan H. Sangalang, Erma B. Quinay

The main objective of the study was to determine the presence of lead in the head, flesh and internalorgans of roundscad (Decapterus macrosoma) collected from three sampling stations along Batangas Bay, Philippines . It is done to assess if the lead levels are still within the safety level set by United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) and Food and Drug Administration (FDA) . Quantitative analysis following Association of Official Analytical Chemists ( AOAC ) official method confirmed the presence of lead in the head, flesh and internal organs of round scad. Lead analysis of round scad was carried out using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectros copy. The internal organs of round scad was found to contain the highest amount of lead as compared to the muscle and the head. Round scad samples collected along Batangas Bay had mean lead concentration which is below the USEPA and FDA’s standard and can be considered safe for consumption. Continuous monitoring of lead content of roundscad is recommended to effectively investigate the risk and effects of heavy metals on the environment and on the general public’s welfare.

138-149

Authors: Ambrose Hans G. Aggabao

Path and factor analyses were used in this study to investiga te direct and indirect influences of instructional interventions on achievement and retention of learning among freshmen students in Mathematics as mediated by affective beliefs. The varying classroom contexts were hypothesized to influence affective belie fs through the application of varying instructional interventions – traditional teaching, radical constructivist, and social constructivist . The randomized equivalent groups pre - posttest experimental design was used to generate the needed data for analysis . Results showed that constructivist instructional approaches directly and indirectly influenced achievement measures with the indirect effects mediated by control orientation belief of students which was found to be the only one among four affective belie fs considered in this study to influence achievement measures. Social constructivist interventions did not show direct influence on retention of conceptual under standing and procedural fluency while traditional instructional intervention was not found to b e a significant predictor of both affective beliefs and achievement measures. These results confirm for the most part the hypothesized relations among instructional interventions, affective beliefs, and achievement measures.

158-166

Authors: Margie A. Nolasco, Yolanda P. Beguia, Elsa E. Durante, Gloria D. Tipones

Naga City in the Philippines as the catchment area of the Bicol River, Naga City Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office (NCDRRMO) has been actively addressing issues on climate change. Despite of local emergency response team’s efforts , people’s exposure to threat, increases. Significant impact can be made for climate change advocacies if there is appropriate and effective school - com munity collaboration. This provides challenge to all Higher Educational Institutions (HEIs). This paper evaluated the status of DRRM in the school and community. This also considered the extent of partnerships so that strategies could be made to help the c ommunity address problems in response to climate risk. The study adopted descriptive - evaluative design of mixed methods of research. The methods were utilized to confirm and validate findings. Structured questionnaires, interviews and FGDs were used for da ta gathering to the selected respondents of HEIs and Barangays in Naga City. Based on the findings of the study, respondents were “slightly prepared” for the exposure to climate change; collaborative efforts as one of the practices of the schools - LGUs in h elping the community. Nevertheless, negative attitudes and no ample time to attend the seminar of the households as the problem encountered by schools - LGUs. As a result, inter - agencies collaboration should be established to address climate change related i ssues. The adoption of Buronyog sa Pag - Anduyog: A School - Community Initiatives for Climate Change will give opportunities to the community - beneficiaries be equipped with skills to address climate change impact.

10-16

Authors: Arly B. Balingbing

This descriptive survey aimed to determine the computer waste disposal practices of internet shop owners in Ligao City. The data were gathered from fifteen (15) internet shop owners in the business district of Ligao City through questionnaire and informal interview. The statistical tools used were frequency count and weighted mean technique. The findings showed that among the fifteen (15) internet shops operated, computer sets available for use ranged from fifteen (15) to thirty (30) units. All internet shop attendants/staff are graduates of computer technician courses or are knowledgeable in computer hardware. Internet shops replace computer components/ parts twice a year. Actual waste disposal practices along storage and disposal are often practiced while actual computer waste disposal along collection is seldom practiced. The study revealed that internet owners do not utilize landfill in disposing computer waste. The Local Government Unit of Ligao City has a city ordinance on ecological solid waste management but there is no specific ordinance on computer waste management. The proposed activities can be used by LGU Ligao City in enhancing the existing city ordinance to address computer waste disposal management.

24-28

Authors: Sherryl M. Montalbo, Shirley G. Cabrera

Recent studies on the heavy metal content of rice from various parts of the world have alarmed rice-eating nations, including the Philippines. In 2013, Philippine Rice Research Institute (PhilRice) reported that rice in the Philippines needs to be evaluated to determine whether these contain heavy metals such as lead. This research aimed to assess the presence of lead in the three highest selling rice varieties harvested in Oriental Mindoro and sold in Batangas City public markets. It was done to asses if the lead concentration in the raw and cooked rice samples conform to the maximum acceptable level in food established by Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) Program Codex Alimentarius Commission. Survey analysis showed that the three highest selling rice varieties during the period when this study was conducted were Sinandomeng, Dinorado and C-4 Dinorado respectively. Lead analysis of rice samples was carried out using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. The lead content in both the raw and cooked rice samples were not detected, meaning that the lead concentration were either not present or may be present but is less than the detection limit of the instrument used. The lead concentration in the rice samples from Oriental Mindoro conformed to the standards for food safety for lead content in rice, which is 0.2 mg/kg or 0.2 ppm, set by the Codex Alimentarius Commission.

36-42

Authors: Erma B. Quinay, Ivy Fides R. Perez, Kristina S. Camsol, Robelle O. de Guzman, Rengie H. Roxas

In order to determine the efficacy of fertilizer from Tubang-Bakod (Jatophacurcas Linn) compost, an experiment was carried out in complete randomized block design based on 3 replications. Varied ratios of commercial organic fertilizer (COF) and Jatropha compost (JC) are 100:0, 50:50 and 0:100 and commercial inorganic fertilizers (CIF) were used in planting. Parameters such as number of leaves, length of stems, size and color of leaves were determined after harvesting. The maximum number of leaves was noted in 100:0ratios of JC and COF; the lengthiest stem was noted in vegetables grown with 100:0 JC; while the largest size of leaf was noted in CIF. The color of leaves was the same for the varied ratios with a reading of 4 while the CIF has a reading of 5 in the leaf color chart. The macronutrients of JC have 2.09% N, 1.98%P and 17. 49%K.However the micronutrients of the compost were 203.66 ppm Zn, 326.27 ppmMnand 3997.30 ppmFe. These nutrients are essential for the plant growth. It was observed that potassium (K) exceeded the standard for the COF which is 3.66 wt. %. K hastens maturity and increase the size and quality of vegetables.

50-58

Authors: Nerrie E. Malaluan, Dennis B. Masangcay

This research assessed topics in physics where culture-based pedagogy may be utilized and the applicability of Batangueño culture to these topics. It also determined the visual presentations which canbe prepared by teachers to incorporate Batangueñoculture in physics instruction. The end purpose of the study was to develop a teaching guide using culture-based pedagogy to reinforce the student’s learning, and help them achieve high academic performance. Descriptive method was adopted with questionnaire as tool in gathering data. Interviews and focus group discussions were also conducted. Thirty physics teachers in public secondary schools of the Division of Batangas City served as respondents. Purposive sampling was applied in determining the respondents. Frequency, percentage, ranking and weighted mean were statistical tools applied. Findings revealed that the culture-based pedagogy that could be utilized in teaching physics was on topics: Constant and Uniformly Acceleration; Work, Power and Energy; Laws of Motion; Projectile Motion; Heat and Light. Batangueño culture was found applicable in teaching physics. The visual presentations which could be used were pictures, powerpoint and video clips. Moreover, the proposed teaching guide utilizing culture-based pedagogy may be used by teachersto heighten students’ interest and motivation and to attain active participation and high achievement. It may be a reference of employing Batangueño culture in teaching the topics. It was recommended that the output be presented to the school heads and supervisors for their comments and suggestions for enrichment of content and application of culture-based pedagogy not only in science but in other learning areas.

66-71

Authors: Gil B. Barte

The evolving trends in electronics continuous to attract students to take upElectronics Engineering.However, it also adds to discipline implementation complexities.Institutions of Higher Learning offering this program must adapt to this realities to avoid obsolescence. This paper looked at Batangas State University, in the Philippines,ongoingimplementation of the Microelectronics track under the Electronics Engineering (ECE)Program. It describes the restructuring done to the ECE curriculum to overcome the enormous complexity inherent in microelectronics design and the teaching pedagogy adopted to promote active learning. The ongoing program has produced encouraging outcomes:1)students were able to design, and simulate complex gate CMOS circuits using EDA tools, in the four(4) course electives identified for the track; 2) the culture of independent learning among students improvement in students soft skills, communication skills, time-management and teamwork skill,; 3.) useof free and web-based tools overcome the issue of high cost of license for EDA tools and seminar/training for continuous upgrading of faculty. Another encouraging outcome was the acceptance of the student-centered teaching approach used, Problem-Based Learning (PBL),in enhancing the students learning experience.

78-84

Authors: Maria Ramona S. Braza, Romeo M. Guillo Jr.

This study determined the career choice of the high school students of the different private institutions in San Jose, Batangas as a basis for developing a career program guide to help the students in choosing their career.The descriptive method was used the study with the questionnaire and standardized test as the main data gathering instruments. Parents, students and teachers served as respondents of the study. The study revealed that most preferred career of the respondents is the academic track particularly the Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) strand. The proposed program guide formulated focused on how to help the students decide on their future career. When properly given, it will benefit the students. The researchers recommended that the proposed career program guide that has been formulated may be shown to school heads for their suggestions; the students should be provided with effective orientation on what career is really all about. This could be done by the school guidance counselor or by the teachers and parents as well and there must be a close–up tie among the guidance personnel, teachers, students, and parents to promote a better understanding of the factors which influence the career choice of the students.

93-99

Authors: Ma Jesukristina C. Medina, Marielli Katherine C. Untalan, Princes Bonnieddie Kay R. Caliva, Hazel Ann C. Gayeta, Sunshine Lyn C. Guevarra

The developed prototype was mainly designed for the production of Adlai grains. The purpose of the study was to construct a machine that could help farmers in milling the Adlai seeds (Pulot and Kiboa) for an immediate production of adlai grains. Parameters were considered such as size, water content, hardness and density to determine its effect in the milling process of Adlai. Moreover, Kiboa seed that showed a higher value in analysis of hardness, water content and density which was 6.87%, 11.69% and 566.37g/cm3 respectively produced a higher yield in production than Pulot variety which exhibit only 9.42%, 11.25% and 476.25 g/cm3 respectively. A comparative study was conducted with a commercial milling machine to test its efficiency in terms of machine productivity. The result showed that Adlai milling machine could mill 57% in 2 min 37 sec for Kiboa and 45% in 2 min 38 sec for Pulot while rice miller machine milled 54% in 4 min 28 sec for Kiboa and 46% in 3 min 11 sec for Pulot. The average percentage yields of both machines are comparable to each other. Based on the statistical treatment conducted, there was no significant difference between the Adlai miller and commercial rice miller in terms of yield and operation time. However, the operation time used as data for rice miller was attained after the seed was reprocessed. Therefore the developed prototype was more applicable in the production of Adlai grains.

107-112

Authors: Rejie C. Magnaye, Sheenamay S. Alagar, Christian M. Pagsinohin, Ma. Lourdes Yvette A. Magnaye

Bioethanol successfully finds its role in the development of renewable energy sources to supplement the world’s increasing demand in energy supply. In this study, elephant foot yam (Amorphophalluspeoniifolius), a starch-based crop, abundantly grown in tropical countries like Philippines, was used for the evaluation of the effect of substrate concentration and yeast loading (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) in Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF). In SSF, the optimum condition was observed at10% w/v substrate concentration in 20 mL yeast loadingwith an ethanol yield of 12.02 ± 0.21 %. As substrate concentration decreases and yeast loading increases, percent ethanol yield increases. Best mathematical model was generated to describe the relationship of the substrate concentration and yeast loading to ethanol yield. The generated quadratic model,

117-123

Authors: Rhonalyn V. Maulion, Karyn B. Hiwatig, Cathryne Joy L. Rendon, Eddylyn Marie C. Torrano

One of the most common sources of contamination in surface water is the discharge of waste water containing heavy metals from different industrial applications.Methods in the removal of contaminants like hexavalent chromium, Cr+6 ,that are available nowadays are too costly and difficult to operate efficiently. A new approach to solve such problem is Phytoremediation or the use of green plants in the removal of contaminants from wastewater that contains heavy metals.In this study, the effectiveness of water hyacinth (Eichhorniacrassipes) was evaluated for its capability in removing hexavalent chromium from simulated wastewater.The effect of a co-ion, specifically Cu2+ ions, on the percentage removal of Cr6+ was also studied. Diphenyl carbazide colorimetric method was used to quantify the amount of Cr6+ left after treatment with water hyacinth.The percentage removal of Cr6+ was determined under varying conditions. The parameters varied were concentration of Cr6+ (3, 6, & 9 mg/L), contact time (4, 8, and 12 days) and concentration of Cu2+ (0, 4, and 8 mg/L). Results showed that the percentage removal of Cr6+ is directly proportional to the initial concentration of Cr6+ and contact time but inversely proportional to the concentration of co-ions which is Cu2+ ions. Results and statistical data showed that the optimum condition for phytoremediation of Cr6+ using water hyacinth is 12 days of contact time, and initial concentrations of 9 mg/L and 4 mg/L of Cr6+ and Cu2+ respectively.Overall results indicated that Eichhorniacrassipes can be used for phytoremediation of Cr+6contaminated wastewater.

129-132

Authors: Pakawat Petatano, Sithisak Champadaeng, Somkit Suk-Erb

This is a qualitative investigation to analyse native dance in North-eastern Thailand. There were three objectives for this investigation, which were to study the history of Isan folk dance, current dance postures and ways to conserve the current dance postures of Isan folk artists. Research tools were interview, observation, participation, focus group discussion and workshop. The purposively selected research sample was composed of 3 groups of national artists. The findings show that Isan folk dancer shave their own unique dancing styles. Each artist has his or her own identity, which is constructed based on personal experience of dancing and singing. Mor lam is a dance used to accompany traditional Isansung poetry. Modern dance postures have been adapted from the traditional forms. Dance postures have been adapted from three primary sources: traditional literature, the ethnic and Lanchang dancing in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic and rhythmic Khon Kaen compositions. The conclusions of this investigation suggest that preservation of the dancing arts and postures should centre on the incorporation of new knowledge, as well as the continuation of traditional dance postures. Further research is required for people interested in performing arts conservation in other provinces and other traditional performing arts.

140-147

Authors: Lorissa Joana E. Buenas, Zeus Aaron R. Malvar, John Alexies B. Maranan

This research involves an android application in attendance management system. The study sought to provide an alternative solution to the increasing demand for time management in the College of Engineering and Computing Sciences in Batangas State University ARASOF. Through the said Android application the attendance checking will be much easier, for it will reduce the roll call that takes a lot of time. It was developed to help the lecturers have sufficient time for teaching and the students for learning. The researchers used research design, development process, and programming procedures in their study. The “Attendroid”, was designed and develop using Eclipse, Java Script, Php and HTML. This application is for android phones and tablet which has portable hotspot. The android application for the students will run on 2.2versions of android and higher. The android application has gone through an evaluation to test whether the system is acceptable in terms of security, accuracy, reliability, maintainability and user-friendliness against the manual checking of attendance. The result shows that the respondents are more favorable in the Attendroid because it can be gleaned that they gave an excellent feedback to the application compared to the manual process of attendance checking. After thorough study of the old ways of attendance checking against the newly developed application, a necessity to improve the manual checking was observed, and therefore, strengthen the advantages of implementing Attendroid. Based on the result of the proposed users’ acceptability, Attendroid could become the formal attendance checking system of the College of Engineering and Computing Sciences.

11-18

Authors: Ronaldo F. Frufonga

This study ascertained the relationship between difficulties and coping strategies as related to teaching performance of West Visayas State University-Janiuay Campus (WVSU-JC) faculty for the School Year 2014-2015. The survey-correlational method was used with teaching performance as dependent variables, experienced economic difficulties as the independent variable, and coping strategy as moderator variable. The participants in the study were the 52 faculty who were selected through purposive sampling. Data were gathered through a researcher-made questionnaire-checklist and Faculty Performance Evaluation System. The statistical tools used were frequency count, rank, mean, standard deviation, and Pearson's Product-Moment Coefficient of Correlation. All statistical computations were availed of through the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software. Results revealed that the top economic difficulty experienced by faculty was limited cash. The topmost coping strategy employed by faculty was buying only basic foods or things for household. The faculty also experienced economic difficulty to a “moderate extent.” Nevertheless, the performance of the faculty was found to be “outstanding.” Teachers were affected by such financial crisis. However, despite their experienced economic difficulties, as major agents for change, they performed their best for the improvement of quality education. No significant relationships existed between coping strategies and teaching performance of faculty

28-36

Authors: Romer C. Castillo

Factoriangular numbers resulted from adding corresponding factorials and triangular numbers. If Ftn is the nth factoriangular number, n! is the factorial of n and Tn is the nth triangular number, then Ftn = n! + Tn. In this study, interesting results on the representations of factoriangular number as sum of two triangular numbers and as sum of two squares are presented.

42-51

Authors: Magdalena M. Ocbian, Josephine E. Pura

Questioning is a useful and relevant tool to facilitate classroom discussion in a literature class. This study identified the levels of questions teachers use in their literature class, determined the different question strategies they utilized and proposed activities to enhance the questioning strategies of literature teachers. Video analysis was the main instrument used. These videos were provided during the conduct of class observations by the researchers. There were eight respondents in the study selected through total enumeration. They are teachers from Gubat Cluster of secondary schools of Sorsogon Province. To identify the levels of questions and questioning strategies, question tally form and percentage were used. Results revealed that knowledge was the most used level of questions followed by comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis and evaluation. The most used question technique is the participation, followed by proving, sequencing, wait time, balance and student questions. It was recommended that literature teachers vary their level of questions when discussing literary pieces. They may utilize different question techniques to develop critical thinking skills of their students. The use of the proposed activities may enhance the questioning strategies of literature teachers. Likewise, school heads and program supervisors may utilize video analysis technique as a mode for classroom observation.

57-68

Authors: Maria Luisa A. Valdez, Melecio Joseph B. Bo, Aniceto A. Samonte, Jr.

The study aimed to identify the present status of the Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) in Nasugbu, Batangas, Philippines and to determine the possible course of action to be undertaken to scale up the marine conservation initiatives for these MPAs.The respondents of the study include 30 key informants purposively chosen from selected coastal areas of Barangay Papaya, Nasugbu, Batangas. Findings of the study revealed that the enormous number of species found within the identified MPAs is an indication of the great number of habitat opportunities afforded by this environment. In addition to the observable community of flora and fauna visible below and above the reef’s surface, there are still thousands of unnoticed, diverse communities of organisms that live in regenerating coral slabs and rocks or in the crevices of the coral reefs in the identified MPAs. This study also revealed the ongoing environmental challenges within the areas and calls for collaboration among the local government officials and stakeholders in redefining and strengthening the conservation initiatives for MPAs to meet local, national and international commitments, to preserve ecological balance and to reduce the ongoing deterioration of their marine biodiversity.

78-85

Authors: Polemer M. Cuarto, Sonia A. Arenillo

Classroom climate has gained prominence as recent studies revealed its potentials as an effective mediator in the various motivational factors as well as an antecedent of academic performance outcome of the students. This descriptive-correlational study determined the level of classroom climate dimensions among teacher education students specializing in Mathematics at Mindoro State College of Agriculture and Technology. Employing a self-structured questionnaire adapted to the WIHIC (What Is Happening In this Class) questionnaire, the surveyed data were treated statistically using Pearson’s r. Result showed that there was high level of classroom climate among the respondents in their Mathematics classes in both teacher-directed and student-directed dimensions specifically in terms of equity, teacher support, cohesiveness, involvement, responsibility and task orientation. Also, it revealed that equity and teacher support were both positively related to the students-directed classroom climate dimensions. With these results, teachers are seen to be very significant determinants of the climate in the classroom. Relevant to this, the study recommended that faculty should develop effective measures to enhance classroom climate dimensions such as equity and teacher support to address the needs of diverse studentsdespite large size classes. Moreover, faculty should provide greater opportunitiesfor the students to achieve higher level of responsibility, involvement, cohesiveness, and task orientation as these could motivate them to develop positive learning attitude, perform to the best of their ability, as well as maximize their full potential in school.

98-104

Authors: Nancy A. Arellano, Raymund B. Gemora

This study aimed to determine the perceived influence of texting on the English spelling skills of the Teacher Education students of the West Visayas State University – Janiuay Campus (WVSUJC). It likewise aimed to determine the significant differences on the influence of texting on the English spelling skills of the students when they were grouped as to sex, course and year level and to ascertain the significant relationship between the students’ perceived influence of texting and their performance in English spelling. This study utilized the descriptive method in describing how texting or text messaging influenced the English spelling ability of WVSU-JC Teacher Education students. Two hundred five (205) randomly selected Teacher Education students were utilized as respondents of the study. Researchermade instruments such as English spelling test and a questionnaire checklist that described the influence of texting on the English spelling skills of the students were used to gather data. Means and standard deviation were used to describe the influence of texting on the English spelling skills of the students. The t-test and ANOVA were used to assess the significant differences on the influence of texting on the respondents’ English spelling skills and Pearson’s-r correlation was used to test the significant relationship between the students’ perceived influence of texting and their performance in English spelling. Results revealed that there was no significant relationship between the Teacher Education students’ perceived influence of texting and performance on their English spelling test and that texting moderately influence the English spelling skills of the Teacher Education students when the respondents were taken as an entire group and as to sex, course and year level. The English spelling skills of the Teacher Education students were good when the respondents were taken as an entire group and when the respondents were grouped as to sex, course and year level. The t-test results revealed no significant difference on the influence of texting on the English spelling skills of Teacher Education students when they were grouped as to sex and course; however, when they were grouped as to year level, there was a significant difference on the English spelling skills of the respondents. Pearson’s-r correlation results showed that there was no significant relationship between the Teacher Education students’ perceived influence of texting and performance on their English spelling test.

112-117

Authors: Ronald O. Ocampo, Rema Bascos-Ocampo

This study aimed to find out the effect of Student Team Achievement Division (STAD) on Students’ Attitude towards Physics. The Quasi Pretest- posttest Experimental design was used. The main research instruments used in the study were the Attitude Scale Inventory and a 50- item multiple choice having a reliability coefficient of 0.82. Data were statistically analyzed using mean, standard deviation and the t-test for independent means. Results revealed that before the intervention, the attitude of students towards Physics is neither favorable nor unfavorable whether they are taught using STAD or not as manifested in their pretest. The attitude of students in the experimental group significantly improve. Students taught with the use of STAD have better achievement.

124-131

Authors: AlJohara M AlQuaiz, Ambreen Kazi, SalwaTayel, ShaffiAhamed Shaikh, Fawzia Habib, Abdullah Al Sharif, Saleh Othman

The objective of this study was to assess the diagnostic value of quantitative ultrasound (QUS) and Osteoporosis self-assessment tool (OST) compared with Dual Energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and to identify the best cut-off value for determining low bone mineral density (BMD) among postmenopausal women in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. We conducted a community based cross-sectional study on 224 randomly selected post-menopausal women. Women visited primary heath care centers for answering self-administered questionnaireand screening for low BMD using QUS technique. OST was calculated based on age and weight. DXA scanwas performedforlumbar spine and femur neck at King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh. Mean age of participants was 58.05(±8.97) years. The prevalence of low BMD at lumbar spine and femur neck was 56% and 28% respectively. The best cut-off value for QUS and OST was ≤-1 and ≤2 respectively. QUS yielded sensitivity and specificity of 73% vs 47% for lumbar spine (area under curve (AUC) 0.56) and 84% vs 43% for femur neck (AUC 0.61). OST yielded sensitivity and specificity of 38% vs 84% for lumbar spine (AUC 0.62) and 48% vs 78% for femur neck (AUC 0.68). On combining the results, sensitivity and specificity were81% vs 41% (AUC 0.61) for lumbar spine and 89% vs 35% for femur neck (AUC 0.68) respectively. QUS and OST separately have limited diagnostic value, however on combining both instruments there is improvement in sensitivity to detect low BMD for both lumbar spine and femur neck.

140-144

Authors: Payomrat Ruangrit, Prarop Keawset, Chanai Lor-ngern

This research study is a qualitative research which aims to (1) study the background of Phanan pandanus weaving handicraft, (2) study the problems encountered in development of Phanan pandanus weaving handicraft for the furniture industry, and (3) determine appropriate ways to develop suitable pandanus handicraft designs to promote the creative economy. The target area of this research was composed of three Thai provinces; Trang, Krabi and Satun. The research methods were study of books and printed matters, observation, interviews, group discussions and a workshop. The research findings revealed that the background and current status of Phanan pandanus weaving in each target group was similarly initiated as an ancestral legacy. Learning skill was acquired through observation without any particular textbooks. The learning activity was first started with small groups, which were extended into large groups with 20-30 members. The average age of group members is 40 years and older, with educational levels between Prathom 6 (upper primary) to Mathayom 6 (upper secondary). The products made by each group are similar. In terms of the marketplace, each group aims at the domestic market. Each member earns approximately 2,500-6,000 baht per month. In terms of the problems of Phanan pandanus weaving, handicraft production mainly suffers from a lack of designers, lack of support from the government sector, unaffordable costs of hiring designers, lack of creativity in producing new products and inability to produce large quantities of products due to time consumption. According to the research findings, there are 3 guideline areas for development of Phanan pandanus handicraft design for the furniture industry in promotion of creative-based economy: (1) Guidelines for development of pandanus handicraft design; (2) Guidelines for management; (3) Guidelines for the incorporation of other equipment and materials.

150-157

Authors: Anania B. Aquino

The teachers are the focal figure in education and play vital roles in learning. These roles have served as key point in designing the curriculum and preparing pre-service teachers. Turning students into competent teachers is an interplay of varied factors, one of which is technology. This impact necessitates the utilization of technology in teaching, described as technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK). The study aimed to investigate TPACK self-efficacies of pre - service biological science teachers who were enrolled in two academic years at the College of Teacher Education in a state university in the Philippines. It also examined whether the responses of the two groups of respondents on TPACK self – efficacy differ and whether these self-efficacies relate to sex, electronic gadget owned and access to internet. It used the descriptive survey method of research employing a questionnaire on TPACK to collect data. The study found out that there is more female than male. Majority have electronic gadgets but have limited access to internet. Findings showed that respondents have good TPACK self – efficacy. The findings showed that the responses of the two groups of participants on TPACK self – efficacies are statistically different . Further, their self – efficacies is very slightly affected by their sex, electronic gadgets owned and access to internet. The study recommends reviewing and improving instructional practices and curriculum of the college to enhance TPACK of respondents.

165-169

Authors: Romer C. Castillo

This study established some recurrence relations and exponential generating functions of the sequence of factoriangular numbers. A factoriangular number is defined as a sum of corresponding factorial and triangular number. The proofs utilize algebraic manipulations with some known results from calculus, particularly on power series and Maclaurin’s series. The recurrence relations were found by manipulating the formula defining a factoringular number while the ascertained exponential generating functions were in the closed form.

6-11

Authors: James Mirabeau B. Undalok

One way to attain improvement of the educational programs of the hearing impaired is by conducting survey and assessment of the status of the hearing impaired education of the Department of Education in Region X, Philippines. The Special Education (SpEd) teachers play a vital role for the pupils of the hearing impaired children as they are viewed as linchpins in the learning process of the children. This cannot be attained without the different approaches on hearing impaired education. Survey -questionnaires were used to gather information needed. Data were analyzed using the descriptive statistics such as weighted mean and standard deviation. The ANOVA test was used to determine the significance of the hearing impaired education of the Department of Education in Region X. Anchored on the findings, the following conclusions are made about different educational approaches should be given priority by the SPED teachers is further enhance the lifelong learning skills of the pupils. It helps them for their learning process and acquiring language skills. There should be an advocacy on the hearing impaired education program to the public and stakeholders.

19-32

Authors: Myra P. Alday-Bersoto

Career guidance advocacy model for orphans and abandoned children was developed in this qualitative study. Children’s occupational goal, shapers of career aspirations, and the process on how the career aspirations are developed were described from the perspective of 48 children of SOS Children’s Village-Lipa. The assumptions upon which the Career Guidance Advocacy Model (CGAM) are built are that (1) the orphans and abandoned children’s career aspirations are confined on the few accessible occupations; (2) loving family environmental climate, strong occupational self-concept, and presence of and sustained positive experience with role models shaped the career aspirations (occupational goals) of orphans and abandoned children.; and (3) the process of developing career aspiration among orphans and abandoned children involves sequential steps: working-out the destabilized self-concept, interpreting and implementing the occupational self-concept, and demonstrating commitment on a relatively stable occupational goal. Career Guidance Advocacy Model (CGAM) offers framework of career helping for orphans and abandoned children through advocating affirmative life space with constructive authorities; career opportunity and familiarity; and sustained positive experiences. In the realization of the advocacies it is expected that the children gain the ability of self-development and behavioral autonomy to set realistic career aspirations.

41-45

Authors: Wanna Pichetpruth, Kla Somtrakool, Pairat Thidpad

Folk toys in Central Thailand are a part of local Thai local wisdom. Creative folk toys are a part of cultural heritage and Thai creative and sustainable economic development. So, this research aimed to study 1) the indigenous folk toys in central Thailand, 2) the toy production problems and solution guidelines, and 3) the toy product development for the creative economy. The study employed a qualitative research method. The target group consisted of the selected communities in Nonthaburi Province, Ayutthaya Province and Suphanburi Province and folk toy sources. The informants were: 15 folk toy enterprise presidents, government officers and local experts as the key informants, 45 folk toy enterprise members as the causal informants and 45 customers as the general informants. Data were collected by means of interview, observation, focus group discussion and workshop from field study. Qualitative data were analyzed by inductive analysis method with triangular verification and the research results were presented by a descriptive analysis method. The research results revealed that folk toys in Central Thailand were derived from local indigenous knowledge that was created and transmitted through the generations for at least 700 years. Most of the folk toys in Central Thailand were produced by natural, local and easily found materials, using natural colors. The beauty, styles and quality of natural and man-made children’s toys were based on parental competency. Moreover, creation of folk toys is a form of Thai handicraft. Thai people truly believe that toys are symbols of parental love and attention and the tools to build up children’s growth in terms of lifestyle and creative mind. The findings show that folk toys in Central Thailand are made of special soil, wood, bamboo, lan leaf, tan leaf and coconut shell. Folk toys are categorized in four groups: 1) fun toys, such as krataewien, explosive bamboo, king drum, nangkop drum, rhythm coconut shell, cap gun, nungstrik gun, whistle, pong-pang, bamboo flute, wote and wihoksaipha; 2) pleasure and imaginative toys, such as kanghan, rotated kanghan, airplane, kalong, chackachan, pla-tapian, waling karian bird and flying bird; 3) games, such as kalakaokwai, wooden alligators, wooden swords and arrows; and 4) models, such as talapcap, trucks, tricycles, boats, lookfat, kites, eko, mokawmokeang, dinosaurs, buffalo, tang, motorcycles, jet planes and house models. Nowadays, toys are made as an enterprise, using more external materials, chemical colors, different styles and models. Furthermore, toy production helps to conserve central Thai identity, child growth and Thai lifestyle.

52-57

Authors: Magdalena M. Ocbian, Mary Anne F. Suod, Jhonson G. Garduque Jr., Ina B. Arimado

Language experts claim that it is easier for pupils to learn when the mother tongue is used in the teaching learning process including the learning of a second language. This study determined the reading comprehension level of Grade I pupils in Bulusan Central School for school year 2013-2014 as input in developing big books written in the vernacular that can be used as reading materials for Grade 1 pupils. Results of the evaluation revealed that they belong to the frustration and instructional levels in the literal skill; mostly are frustration readers along interpretative and evaluative skills; but are independent readers along applied skills; hence, they have low level of reading comprehension. Based on the result of the study, three big books as MTB-MLE instructional materials in Bicol were produced to develop or enhance Grade 1 pupils’ reading comprehension. Teaching guides were likewise developed.

67-73

Authors: Anania B. Aquino, Casimira O. Del Mundo, Gliceria R. Quizon

Higher education institutions in the Philippines play a vital role in the economic, social and cultural advancement of the country. As they are entrusted with the responsibility of turning in graduates with employable skills and good attitudes, they experience pressure to enhance their curricula and improve the quality of instruction. This study was conducted to investigate the performance of Batangas State University ARASOF College of Teacher Education graduates through the feedbacks given by their employers as employers’ feedback of teachers, which can generate evidence on the quality of graduates, their capabilities and performance in the school, and, as a consequence, the quality of education provided by a teacher education institution. Descriptive in nature, it utilized a survey questionnaire to collect assessment of principal and school heads of 18 schools about the level of satisfaction on graduates’ application of teacher proficiencies in the areas of foundations, research, subject matter, learning and development, reflective skills, technologies, pedagogical and professional skills, assessment, dispositions, diversity, collaboration and initiative. The findings showed that employers are satisfied with teachers prepared at BatStateU ARASOF. Employers find the proficiencies explored in the study as very useful for an entry level teacher. When responses are compared, a gap exists between the employers’ assessment of graduates and the degree of usefulness of these proficiencies. In spite of this gap, principals and school heads are very much willing to continue hiring graduates of the school of study.

78-83

Authors: Rosenda A. Bronce, Emelie A. Ona

This project aimed to develop and utilize technology on Indian mango fruit processing. Chemical properties of matured unripe and ripe Indian mangoes were determined in terms of total sugar, reducing sugar, starch, titratable acidity and pH. Fermentation parameters investigated in the study were amount of sugar added (20 and 25%) fermentation medium, acidity of fermentation medium (addition of 1.33 and 1.66 grams of citric acid for ripe and dilution of water for unripe), degree of ripening of Indian mango fruits (ripe and unripe) and ageing period (3 and 4 months). Sixteen treatments were done in triplicates and a composite sample was taken from each treatment for sensory evaluation. Results of the preference test were subjected to statistical analysis. The physicochemical properties of Indian mango wine produced using best fermentation parameters were determined. Appropriate packaging material was selected and packaging design was developed for Indian mango wine. Project cooperators were selected and the technology was transferred through training and production runs. Results of preference test showed that the wine with best sensory properties was prepared using matured unripe Indian mango diluted with water and added with 25% sugar. According to the panel of sensory experts, the taste of Indian mango wine was strong with proper blending of sweetness and sourness, its mouth feel was smooth and good balance, aroma was hot pungent and its color and appearance was clear and light yellow. Its titratable acidity was 0.622%, pH was 5, alcohol content was 11% and brix was 5°.

88-94

Authors: Remedios P. Magnaye, Irene H. Maralit

This study primarily aimed to assess the relevance of business graduate program with reference to basic/foundation/core courses, major courses, electives, co-curricular activities, seminars and trainings attended, researches conducted and teaching strategies of Universities and Colleges in Batangas Province; it also compared the responses of the two groups of respondents; the graduate students and industry representatives; and develop an industry based MBA curriculum. This study utilized the descriptive-comparative methods.Results show that graduate students and industry representatives differ on their assessment on the relevance of business graduate program with reference to basic/foundation/core courses and electives, co-curricular activities, seminars and trainings attended and teaching strategies. An Industry-Based Curriculum for Master of Business Administration was developed to address the needs of the industries and the academe as well.

102-110

Authors: Elroy Joseph C. Valdez, Sushmita Shiena B. Alcantara, Charlene A. Pamintuan, Jhona G. Relos, Romer C. Castillo

This study ascertains the contributions of on-the-job training (OJT) program of a university to the development of skills, personal qualities and competencies of tourism students. The study is descriptive and uses survey questionnaire for data gathering. Respondents consist of 74 tourism graduates from 2009 to 2013, which is 75.5% of the total number of graduates. Results show that the OJT program of the university has significant contributions to the development of students’ basic skills, thinking skills, personal qualities and competencies on resources, interpersonal, information, systems and technology. Further, the similarities of OJT contributions for males and females imply that there is no gender bias in the training places while the differences on OJT contributions for self-employed, casual, contractual and permanent employees indicate that those with more skills and competencies are more inclined to entrepreneurial activities than to employment. The OJT program is also consistent throughout the years in providing skills and personal qualities as indicated by the non-difference on OJT contributions when grouped according to graduation year. Of immediate concern, however, is the decline of OJT contributions to the competencies of 2013 graduates. The study recommends that the university should tie-up with more tourism industry partners that can give excellent trainings for students and offer more international OJT for them to be more globally competitive. The training of students should also be regularly monitored by university training coordinators. Finally, the university may also consider and study ways on how to develop the entrepreneurial skills of tourism students.