Economica

9

Authors: Irina SCHIOPU

The evolution of financial goals has a long way from the early 20th century. Passing through several significant steps, currently the fundamental financial objective is considered to be the management of enterprise’s value. But achieving this fundamental objective, as well as its derivatives, is almost impossible within an enterprise without active involvement of management and financial management in particular. It is wellknown the fact that financial management is the most important factor of efficiency of economy and enterprises operating within it. Regardless of the size and form of the enterprise, financial management assumes, for the most part, responsebility for financial policy adopted at the microeconomic level, to be applied in order to achieve the objectives pursued by the owners and/or managers of financial resources.

11

Authors: Olesea CERNAVCA

Consumer is the one who dictates the market, thanks to him the production and service providing companies gain performance in their activities, progress and implement new methods, techniques and systems in the workplace. In order to obtain a feedback from consumers (opinions, wishes, complaints) to monitor customers’ perceptions of the quality of their products and services, companies use different methods of collecting, monitoring and analysing them. One of these methods is the effective use of the Book of Complaints. The Republic of Moldova has a regulation on the way of managing the Book of Complaints. Most of consumers are not aware of this regulation, therefore their complaints are not valid, are not taken into consideration and the managers of the institution where the complaint was made do not take any measures to solve the complaint. Consumers do not agree with some provisions of the regulation, thus we submitted some improvements in the framework of this research.

13

Authors: Artur VIRTOSU

Auditing of inventory is a complex activity in audit engagements, especially for manufacturing, trade and service-rendering entities. In the literature, the inventory audit is addressed in two different approaches, from the perspective of the inventory-storage cycle and based on account balances. The unique character of this cycle is defined by the close relationship with other cycles of operations, such as the acquisitions-payments, payroll-personnel and sales-collection cycles. Also, the complexity of auditing of inventory is determined by factors such as significant amounts in the entity’s balance sheet, multi-site storage, inventory diversity by nature, and diversity of valuation methods. In this paper is investigated the definition of audit of inventory through the inventory-storage cycle, the functions of this operations cycle and its interaction with other cycles to define inventory audit objectives, both in terms of the business cycle and on the account balances.

14

Authors: Cornel COSER, Olimpiu GHERMAN, Olga SARBU

The article highlights the importance and the role of Moldova’s export development efforts in the context of the current regulatory and institutional framework. Both the dynamics of exports over the last period and their reorienttation towards Western destinations reconfirm the need for clear commitments that can be transposed both at company level and at sectorial level. The export and exporters’ development vision is expected to emphasize these efforts in particular.

19

Authors: Constantin ANGHELACHE, Mădălina-Gabriela ANGHEL, Alexandru BADIU

In this article, the authors sought to analyse a longer period, since 1948 (when the process of nationalization of industry, banking, insurance, mining and transportation) took place until today. In this context, the authors try to suggest through the study of the figures, the data and the legislative framework, step by step, how it evolved and why the Romanian industry is currently at the stage it is. There are references to the conditions that led to the process of nationalization of the industry and of other private properties in the national economy, concluding that in 1989 the Romanian economy was fully staged and the industry was developed according to other criteria than the economic efficiency. Thus, one of the criteria was the uniform distribution throughout the country of industrial objectives to ensure the use of labour force.

12

Authors: Oana-Ancuţa STANGACIU, Eugenia HARJA

The issue of equal opportunities is a priority for the EU in order to achieve the objectives of social cohesion at community level. The study aims to analyse the evolution of gender and age gaps between EU Member States over the period 2006-2014. Using the methods specific to descriptive statistics, cluster analysis and econometrics, it was concluded that gender and age disparities do exist in the EU, but they decreased over time, confirming a convergence process.

14

Authors: Corina CAUSAN

The article analyses the main cause of emigration of rural youth – insufficient employment rate. The official statistical data and the results of the survey elaborated by the author highlight the problems faced by young people and that lead to less occupation. In order to reduce emigration and increase the employment rate of young rural workers, several solutions are proposed: attractting investments in rural localities, supporting young farmers; encouraging and supporting young people who want to start a business in the countryside, etc.

15

Authors: Silvia ZAHARCO, Olimpiu GHERMAN

Any world economy places special emphasis on small and medium enterprises that is why the enterprises of this sector are called the “backbone” of the economy. Therefore, we can state that SMEs play a very important role in the development of the national economy, especially of the rural economy: SMEs contribute directly to the Gross Domestic Product formation and to the creation of new jobs; they stimulate competition, increase exports, and promote innovation and technology. They are also more flexible, more adaptable to new market demands than large enterprises; this fact shows the importance and necessity of these enterprises. The main aim of this paper is to identify the SME’s role for the rural economy, as well as to identify the priority directions for increasing the efficiency of these enterprises’ activities.

16

Authors: Vladimir CUCIREVII, Vladislav BOLDURAT

The article represents an analysis of the legislation of the Republic of Moldova in force on the way of implementation and use for obtaining permits in different sectors, such as trade, constructions. The researches were based on the study of legislation regulating the entrepreneur’s activity, which refers to the registration and liquidation of enterprises. The registration process also includes fiscal, statistical, medical and social records by electronic transmission to the authorities concerned of the data on its registration and the respective notification of the legal person. The relevant conclusions are drawn in this area. The basic conclusion is that the amendments and supplements to the legislation in force strengthened the regulation of the entrepreneurial activity by introducing the one-stop shop. Due to the active population’s migration to work, the population in the rural area decreases, the production infrastructure for the producers is not quite developed; these consequences directly lead to the diminution of the entrepreneurial efficiency by decreasing the number of registered enterprises and the increase of the number of enterprises that are deleted from the State Register of Companies.

10

Authors: Irina CROTENCO

In the article is investigated the current state of the tourism industry in Moldova. Is analyzed statistical reporting data on inbound and outbound tourism in Moldova by years and by countries – suppliers and consumers of tourists. Based on mathematical methods are quantitatively calculated trends in the dynamics of inbound and outbound tourism and is proposed a forecast of their changes in the short term. Is analyzed the state of the tourism competitiveness in Moldova in the travel and tourism competitiveness ranking by the World Economic Forum. Are described the strategic management mechanisms of the tourism industry of Moldova and formulated conclusions on their development.

12

Authors: Ala COTELNIC, Ludmila NEGRUTA

In this article, we wanted to highlight one of the key components of human resources management – the audit. Although this term is fairly old and widely used in the economic field, with reference to human resources audit is a concept that emerged in the second half of last century. The necessity of this activity lies in the importance of human resource in modern society, but also its different status compared to other resources of the organization.

13

Authors: Olga TABUNSCIC

In the present article we have analysed the current state of the catering market services in Chisinau, sales volumes as well as the classifications of the hospitality units from the industry. Are presented types of public food market establishments operating in Chisinau and identified factors contributing to this market growth and expansion. The study is taking in consideration the most popular types of catering facilities and the worldwide trends of the market. It is noted that depending on the amount of bill average, public food market from Chisinau can be divided into three segments.

18

Authors: Maria GRIGORAS

The modern consumer has become more attentive when taking the decision to purchase food due to the controversies in the food industry, the impact of social media and more intense relationship between consumed products and health. The nutritional information on the label has become an important element guiding the successful choice of food products. Thus, the consumer tries to process this information based on his intellectual and financial resources. This research aims to determine the degree of comprehensibility of the information displayed on food labels, to evaluate its nutritional profile and to highlight a possible antithesis of the perceived favourable image and the nutritional value “de facto” of those goods. In order to implement this approach there were conducted exploratory marketing researches, using the questionnaire and the method SAIN-LIM.

21

Authors: Anatol GRAUR

Tax planning is complex of measures, consisting in the reduction of tax payments under the law. Tax planning at the enterprise starts from the initial structuring of businesses and activities and can be carried out both at entity level (corporate) and the individual (individual). Compared to tax evasion, tax planning is performed only under the law by avoiding taxes. Avoiding or reducing taxes is possible by organizing activities in such a way that the law allows reducing the tax base or tax rate. Optimization of tax payments is possible by organizing the work in such a way, so as the legislation avoids or reduces the tax base, tax rates and tax incentives application.

6

Authors: Ana-Lucia RISTEA, Constanta POPESCU, Valeriu IOAN-FRANC, Grigore BELOSTECINIC

Starting from the necessity of a continuous and demanding evaluation, capable of linking the results obtained with the human, material and financial resources, allocated and periodically setting the position of the national research relative to the world level, the evaluation of the relevance of the publications must be carried out from the positions and requirements of new disciplines: Scientometry. Scientometry is intended to help substantiate the evaluation of research activity and decision-making on its development, the science policy as a whole.

8

Authors: Andrei PETROIA, Elena ZUBCOVA

During the last ten years, the hospitals from the Republic of Moldova have received at least MDL 20 billion from the funds of CHI. Even if the amount of money allocated to hospitals is increasing the level of transparency of public money usage will decrease. Moldovan hospitals, either republican or district, have got used to managing money without reporting what they are doing, even if they are speaking about public money. According to the analysis of Sănătate INFO, no republican hospital did publish full financial reports, by which we can observe how public money managed and its aim. If private hospitals should report on the resources, they receive through the contact with NHIC, then all public institutions should present detailed information about the sources of revenues, which they manage.

9

Authors: Neli MUNTEAN, Artur VIRTOSU

The lack of applied methods in the national practice that would allow the realization of a complex analysis of financial stability in the corporate sector is one of the primary problems outlined in the process of organizing the fair and efficient management system of numerous factors that determine the financial performance in this sector. Under these circumstances, the need for a comprehensive analysis of financial stability in the corporate sector significantly increases, being an integrated part of the entity's financial situation analysis. The purpose and objectives of the article consist in the generalization of theoretical principles, financial stability analysis instruments and techniques in terms of absolute indicators adaptation to the norms and requirements of International Financial Reporting Standards, and in the comparative analysis of several methods that can be used to measure financial stability in the corporate sector. Thus, the following study, developed as a fusion of existing knowledge and authors own research, aims to provide a basis for reflection and discussion with theorists, practitioners and analysts within the financial field.

9

Authors: Rodica SLUTU-BOGDAN

This article makes an overview of different opinions related to the importance of marketing on staff motivation and persuading the employees not to leave the company they are working for. Human resources marketing is the responsibility of the human resources department. It helps a company to employ qualified staff and to create conditions for the existing employees not to leave it. Internal marketing is the art of treating employees as the company's customers through positions that attract them both materially, and in terms of personal development. A satisfied employee becomes a true marketing agent. A future employee “buys”more than just a job, but a way of life when he starts working in a company. No matter how well-equipped the company is, employees play an important role in the company through skills and abilities they have, character, values and visions. The human resources department can make use of some marketing strategies, policies and techniques.

11

Authors: Lilia GRIGOROI

The present paper suggests discussing and debating the main elements that should be considered in connection with the adoption and application of the new International Financial Reporting Standard IFRS 15 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”. Some changes, as well as opportunities are worthwhile, and it is beneficial to identify them and to analyze how to apply and capitalize on them for better quality of financial reporting. The present paper is, on the one hand, a fundamental research aiming at the acquisition of new knowledge and the development of the theory in this area of accounting and, on the other hand, an applied research as it is designed to analyse new theories and find solutions and practical applications, thus contributing to the improvement of accounting and financial reporting of revenues with a direct impact on the process of substantiation of decisions. The results of the research can be used in the development and improvement of both the relevant regulations regarding the accounting and financial reporting of revenues, and in the practical activities of legal entities, as well as in the educational process in educational institutions.

11

Authors: Roman CHIRTOAGA

After the fall of the Soviet system in Eastern Europe, ex-communist countries, in spite of quasiidentical initial conditions, have demonstrated extremely different results, in terms of economic growth and living standards of their populations. The identification of the causes of this divergence is a major concern to the Moldovan scholars and decision-makers, given the importance of the issue for the purposes of economic policies shaping. In this paper has been made an attempt to highlight the impact of the geographic location, as one of the most significant factors of the differentiation in the rates of economic growth. As a result of the research, based on the analysis of regional economic developments, conclusions were drawn regarding the major role of the geographic location factor in the developments of the economies of the region, which has influenced both the completeness of reforms and the configuration of the growth models adopted by individual states.

13

Authors: Nicolae PLATON

For managerial practice it is important to know the methodology of developing a tourism business strategy, more than the theoretical concepts related to this field. The enterprise strategy is an important lever to boost and support the change of emphasis of the creative side of the organization's management. Based on these prerequisites, the author makes an overview of the need to adopt a management strategy within the enterprise, describes the defining features of the strategy in the view of some authors, classifies the strategies according to several criteria, proposes a management model specific to the tourism enterprise, carries out the comparative analysis of how to formulate and how to implement the strategy, characterizes the difficulties that arise in the process of strategy implementation.

9

Authors: Victor ZAMARU

Organizations in the 21st century are oriented towards sustainable development through continuous improvement of management. In the knowledge economy, where accent is placed on the use of information, human and organizational resources, it is necessary to adapt management to the organization needs. Management under current conditions must be oriented towards the use of information technologies, the application of innovative management, the capitalization of intellectual property objects and the continuous development of the human resources.

11

Authors: Tatiana DIACONU, Svetlana MIRINOV, Ludmila PASCARI

Trade is of strategic importance for the balanced and viable development of economic and social systems in a country. And the management development of an organization's commercial activity is the main vector of business success. The paper we are addressing approaches extremely important problems of the commercial management, which is meant to be modern, efficient and at the same time specific to the enterprises, whose main activity is the production and marketing of agri-food products.

11

Authors: Clara-Iulia ZINCA (VOICULESCU),Grazia-Oana PETROIANU

The gaps revealed by the global financial crisis led to growing expectations in relation with internal audit, both from management bodies in credit institutions and from regulatory authorities. It is thus desirable that, by acting objectively and independently, internal audit to have a valuable contribution in finding solutions to the problems faced by the banking system. This could be achieved by enhancing identification and evaluation of risks, by considering foreseeable changes of factors and trends, by reporting the key identified problems and by providing recommendations that add value to the organization. The objective of this paper is to analyze the role and the responsibilities of the internal audit with respect to risk management within the credit institutions. In this respect, there are highlighted those areas where internal audit and risk management either intersect or complement each other, as well as the benefits of the collaboration between these functions.

12

Authors: Ludmila BILAS, Masadeh ADEEB

This article discusses the role of leadership and teams in the context of a fast-paced world. It analyses the notion of leadership suggested by different authors. The paper emphasizes the need for a further understanding of such team elements as its type, composition, and size. The article also reviews different stages of teambuilding in business organizations and the leaders’ tasks. It focuses on coaching as one of the key factors of leadership development and team performance. It concludes with the suggestions and recommendations on coaching at the national companies.

13

Authors: Tatiana GUTIUM

This article is devoted to analysis of interdependence and correlation between competition and competitiveness, and competition’s consequences. The author analysed some authors’ visions on competitiveness, and common features between theories of competition and competitiveness. Using the synthetic indicator elaborated by author has been evaluated the competitiveness of domestic goods on the internal and external market. At the end of this article, the author has developed proposals to increase competitiveness.

21

Authors: Constantin ANGHELACHE, Ion PARTACHI, Madalina Gabriela ANGHEL

Vocational education and training is a vital goal in both economic and social contexts. The opportunities that the European Union and its Member States offer to their citizens for living conditions, studies and jobs are major contributions, which together with the understanding and realization of a social culture of every citizen is a priority. Each year, more than one million citizens, of all ages, benefit from vocational education and training in national programs. Cooperation between Member States has taken a momentum in 2010 when programs have been established integrating a range of young people and people of other ages into the path of intellecttual development, education and training in line with the program adopted in 2009 by the European Council and Targeting measures by 2020. There is a set of measures under 4 strategic objecttives that address education and which include long-term learning and mobility. The second is to improve the quality and efficiency of education and training, then to promote social equality, the cohesion and active involvement of citizens in social and economic life, and last but not least, creation and innovation, which must be respected at all levels Training of the population.