Scientific Horizons

15-26

Authors: V. Yakobchuk, Y. Khodakovsky, O. Heimerl, M. Plotnikova

The dynamic nature of the formation of the world socio-economic system inspi¬res the solution of the issues of overcoming the existing asymmetries and imbalances of civilizational values, which have led to the local concentration of resources and their efficient use. The purpose of the research is to search for and justify the tools of maximizing the approximation of centralized public funds to the needs of each consumer of social services in order to meet the spiritual, production and material needs of each individual as a mechanism for reproduction and improvement of its habitat. Achieving the goal is related to the following tasks: 1) revealing the essence of physiocratic approach in economic research; 2) substantiation of mechanisms of activation of social capital in the conditions of united territorial communities. The subject of the study is the theoretical and practical foundations of mana¬ging the development of partnerships in the public administration and administration system. A complex of theoretical and empirical research methods was used to solve these problems. Theoretical methods include analysis of socio-economic literature, materials and publications of physiocratic orientation. The empirical approach is based on prognostic methods (expert assessments, generalization of independent characteristics, modeling), observational methods (direct and indirect observation, self-observation), praximetric methods (analysis of products of activity, study and generalization of pedagogical experience), methods of mathematical statistics. The main obstacle in the development of service cooperatives and in the implementation of the basic functions of decentralized communities is the inconsistency of existing legislation with the basic principles of decentralization, that is, the maximum approximation to comprehensive service for each citizen. According to our analytical studies of structural logic and physiocratic thinking in decentralized communities, the social and psychological discussion of the basic life principles of each of the residents of the community has not been sufficiently carried out due to their insufficient involvement in community activities. The promising nature of the development of tribal settlements as a promising model for the development of society allows us to attest to the existence of inclusive governance practices and a participatory approach in the formation of rural territories. Further research prospects are related to the substantiation of the economic-mathematical model of rural development under the pessimistic, optimistic and promising scenario of rural development of Ukraine in case of introduction of American, European and Asian management model.

34-41

Authors: S. Lutkovska

The article deals with the mechanism of monitoring and forecasting of emergencies in Ukraine. It is established that the improvement of the mechanism of monitoring and forecasting of dangerous phenomena and events is defined by the Concept of development of the security and defense sector of Ukraine, approved by Presidential Decree No. 92/2016 of March 14, 2016 “On the Concept of development of the security and defense sector of Ukraine”. It is determined that to solve the problem it is necessary to create an effective tool for control over hazardous processes, to obtain monitoring information, to predict risks of occurrence of dangerous events and emergencies, and to support management decisions - subsystems of the general mechanism. As a result of the conducted researches it is established that today there are over one hundred different methods and methods of forecasting, the most actively of which are used: modeling; expert assessments; extrapolation. Each of them has both advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, experts are guided by the genetic nature of the projected phenomenon, the factors of influence, the reliability of the input information, and so on. An important method of forecasting environmental development is exponential smoothing. According to it, each element of the time series is smoothed by the weighted average current, and its weight decreases as the distance from the end of the series. The main advantage of this method is its greater adaptability and sensitivity when entering new data for forecasting. On the basis of the conducted research, separate indices are foreseen for Ukraine as a whole. In the long term, this approach can be applied regionally by individual components, taking into account territorial differences and offsetting their impact on forecasting results.

47-54

Authors: D. Derevianko, E. Sukmaniuk, S. Chychylyuk, O. Derevianko, V. Polischuk

In the production of grain crops, scattering fields with low quality seed in most cases is exceeded by a higher seeding rate that causes significant material and financial losses. The improvement in seed quality, especially in field germination rate, mass, nature and seed purity caused by lowering its micro- and macro- damaging by means of improving and modernizing the engineering tools performance as well as by designing the equipment for introducing these processes into the production, are the define objectives of a research work. The main task lies in substantiating and making theoretical calculations as well as experimental research on the impact of operating parts during the technological processes on grain deformation, micro-damaging and quality. The tasks for achieving the goal of the research were as follows: to substantiate and to calculate the effects of the working organs of transportation means on destortion, macro- and micro- damage of grain crops seed. During the technological process of seed transportation, when filling up the grain buckets with grain, emptying them and under the motion speed of a strip, the grain seeds usually damage. The theoretical and experimental research testify that the amount of seeds in a grain bucket, seeds bumping, their striking against the inner walls, their squeezing in between the working organs, elevation angle and grain buckets spacing, etc. result in grain seed micro-damaging. The research analyses testify to the fact that the constructive parameters of working organs, biological, physical and mechanical characteristics of grain as well as the materials and covering from which the working organs are made of, namely –metal, wood, plastic materials, nylon, etc. influence the seeds damage and their quality. The experimental, productive and laboratory research testify to the fact that the rate of autumn-sown rye micro-damaging after the technological process increased up to 57.45 and 59.45 % , and the rate of non-damaged seed was 42.55 and 40.05 % correspondingly. That is, it is more than half of a total amount, which will surely influence its quality degradation, and especially its germination. As a result, it will reduce the grain crops harvest. The effects of working organs of the technical means during seed preparation on crack formation, deformation and especially micro-damaging in coordination with micro-organisms significantly lowers the qualitative indices especially those of germination.

65-71

Authors: Ya. Yarosh, B. Sheludchenko, A. Kondratiuk, V. Biletskiy, O. Pluzhnikov

One of the most significant technological problems of repeated basic tillage of agricultural soils is the formation of a plow sole at a depth that is characteristic of basic tillage. The most commonly used method of eliminating the plow sole is its mechanical processing, which in practice is implemented by a wide range of soil tillage machines of various designs. Applied tools for mechanical destruction of the plow sole have a number of disadvantages not structural but also agrotechnological in nature. To remedy these shortcomings, it is proposed to use a "soil absorber" in the form of a semi-loop flexible thread, which is secured to the two pillars of the first and last plow housings for main plowing. In order to substantiate and develop the theoretical foundations of the balanced mechanical motion of the loop of the flexible working body in the bulk viscous-plastic medium of the soil and to determine its geometric and structural parameters, analytical studies of the mechanics of flexible filament moving in the separated volume of the bulk viscous plastic body were performed. environment. According to the determined results of analytical studies, the dependences can be calculated normal stresses in cross sections of a real flexible working body, from which the optimal values of the cross-sectional area are calculated taking into account the abrasive properties of the material of the structure and in accordance with the designated (selected) resource of work of flexible soil. The results of these analytical studies allow us to determine the design structural and geometric parameters of flexible soil tillage machines that are compatible and can be combined with a wide range of soil tillage tools for basic shelf and shelfless soil cultivation.

82-88

Authors: O. Galatyuk, A. Kalnaus, T. Romanyshyna, S. Pavlenko

Leptospirosis and rhinopneumonia are among the most dangerous infectious diseases of horses, which are widespread in breeding farms in many countries of the world with advanced horse breeding. Therefore, it is important to conduct monitoring studies of horses for leptospirosis and rhinopneumonia in order to study the characteristics of the joint course in order to improve the monitoring and control of these dangerous diseases. This article presents studies on leptospirosis in the reaction of microagglutination and rhinopneumonia in the reaction of diffusion precipitation of 295 sera of mares, young animals and stallions. Of these, the blood serum of stallions was 73 samples, young animals – 97 samples, mares – 125 samples. It was found that leptospirosis in the horse farm was hidden in the form of a submunization infection with 100 % gradual destruction of the livestock population. A detailed analysis of the results of the studies showed that in 2018, the activation of the leptospirosis process in horses of horses is due to the progression of such serogroups of leptospira Grippotyphosa, Pomona, Bratislava, Tarassovi, Hebdomatis, Icterohaemorragiae, Sejroe, Canicola. Compared to 2017, the captions increased from 1:100.79 to 1:132.61. Based on these data and the presence of leptospirosis vaccines in Ukraine, it is advisable to administer the Bovis vaccine containing the leptospir antigens Tarasov, Seira (serovar Polonika and Harge), Gebdomatis, Gripotifoza, Ictahemorrhagia. In equestrian conditions, the development of herpesvirus infections of type 1 and type 2 was hidden and seropositivity in the diffusion precipitation reaction tended to decrease. Therefore, it is advisable to monitor 10 % of livestock in spring and fall in order to control the epizootic situation of these infections in this farm. Subsequently, monitoring studies will be conducted on leptospirosis and herpes virus infection of horses after leptospirosis vaccination in order to assess the effect of vaccination on the indicators of co-occurring leptospirosis and rhinopneumonia.

94-100

Authors: V. Karpenko, Y. Boiko

Herbicides are able to penetrate plants, where they undergo metabolic transformations (detoxification), as a result is changes in lipoperoxidation processes and enzymatic reactions. The article presents the results of the vegetative exeperiment to study on the influence of biologically active substances (herbicide, plant growth regulator and microbial preparation) on the way of reactions of lipid peroxidation and on the activity of glutathione-S-transferase enzyme in winter pea plants. The objects of the study were winter pea (Pisum sativum L.) of NS Moroz variety, MaxiMox herbicide (0,8; 0,9; 1,0 and 1,1 l/ha), applied separately and in mixtures with the Agriflex Amino plant growth regulator (1,0 kg/ha) with pre-sowing bacterization (and without pre-sowing bacterization ) of seeds by the microbical preparation Optimize Pulse (3,28 l/t). Analysis were performed on the third and tenth day after spraying the plants with preparations. The experiment was performed under strictly controlled conditions with the requirements of the vegetative method. During a research experiment, it was found that treatment of plants with the herbicide separately and in combination with the plant growth regulator and microbial preparation, the course of reactions of lipid peroxidation in winter pea plants changed significantly. In particular, the variants of complex used herbicide, plant growth regulator and microbial preparation showed the lowest level of lipid peroxidation (the content of malondialdehyde was lower by 14-27 % than in herbicide-based variants) with the highest activity of glutathione-S-transferase enzyme. This indicates a faster rate of neutralization of the toxicant, which generally contributed to the reduction level of lipid peroxidation on the background of the highest activity of glutathione-S-transferase enzyme.

108-114

Authors: O. Nechyporenko, A. Berezovskiy, O. Shkromada

The problem of modern poultry farms is arising number of hens in a limited area causing risk of microbial contamination, direct infection and transmission of diseases is increasing. The complex ADG disinfectant combines active substances with a neutral pH and low corrosion activity. It is worth-while to conduct experiments with laboratory animals to determine the toxicity of new modern disinfectants for introduction and use in poultry farms. The purpose of our studies was to determine the acute toxicity of ADG disinfectant to laboratory animals. The task was to determine the lethal and median lethal dose of ADG disinfectant. The acute toxicity of ADG was calculated by intra-gastric administration to white rats. The median lethal doses of disinfectant were determined according to G. Kerber (1931). The results obtained on white rats were LD50=3800 mg/kg and LD100=7200 mg/kg. Symptoms of ataxia, impaired motor activity, increased excitability, impaired stimuli, bradypnea, tachycardia were observed in surviving animals from the first to the tenth day. Intra-gastric administration of 0,1 % working concentration disinfectant solution caused LD50=5000 mg/kg, LD100=8400 mg/kg. During postmortem examination we detected next: the stomach is filled with mucus, the walls are thickened, the mucous membrane is hyperemic. The mucous membrane of small intestine was thickened, swollen, has catarrhal-hemorrhagic exudate. The large intestine was without visible changes. Our studies have shown that 0,1 % concentration of ADG is come under the 4th toxicity notion (low toxicity). To test the ADG disinfectant in a poultry environment is the ultimate goal of our further investigations and observations.

19-25

Authors: B. N. Mohapatra, R. K. Mohapatra

In order to understand how to improve the agriculture based production and how to increase crop performance in the right way and to understand the importance of automatization we should require the mechanism and control application. The work with this agricultural environment is very hard because of the weather like rainy season, winter and summer. The development of robot can perform different tasks and easily operate by the operator. It can perform the task like fertilizer or water sprinkler or drilling and seeding seeds. Mainly the agricultural robot has its design and construction. Different controlled law performs different kinematic tasks and should test the working model. The demand and shortage of labour forces particularly in agricultural field based on the automatization of industry for demanding of such agricultural robot or farming robot to perform smart farming. Increasing of global population is creating demand for more amounts of food, as well as agricultural work is also highly dependent on manpower and labour. This paper finds several latest achievements from robots in terms of automatization in farming sector. As majority Indian’s depends on agriculture, so it is very important to design some advanced robots and require reducing of different issues. The researcher has tried to develop the economy of the country through smart farming robots. As it is known, automatisation increases making higher profit, so problems and issues associated with agricultural robot can be overcome with implementation of new mechanism, advanced algorithm and with modern technology in future. With the help of workshop and based on this new robot engine, this robot industry can take this agricultural industry as an ocean in some ways.

34-43

Authors: O. Rusak, T. Palamarchuk

The article provides the discussion of the definitions of the concept ‘territorial marketing’, investigation into the development of domestic agribusiness, as well as analysis of the dynamics of crop production and livestock breeding. Agricultural enterprises are differentiated regionally; and their share in terms of profitability in the total set of business structures in various fields of activity is determined. The aim of the study is to assess and analyze the modern development of agribusiness in the context of the formation of place marketing. It is stated that in recent years certain positive changes have taken place in the country’s agriculture. This trend in the field of agribusiness is ensured not only by farm households, but also by individual peasant farms which have special features that determine their role and increase their value in the current context. Being engaged in specific types of economic activity, each of these types of agricultural organizations does not develop independently. They are members of several communities – manufacturers, consumers, users of machinery, institutions selling the products, veterinary services, obtaining loans, attracting investments, etc. The economic well-being of their activities is traditionally linked to the development of appropriate ‘budget-forming’ business entities. The constant challenges of the modern economy force agribusiness to continuously look for new opportunities to strengthen its position in the market and to introduce modern mechanisms for improving the efficiency in order to reduce the loss rate in the future. In this regard, a mechanism for increasing the economic activity of agricultural organizations is proposed. The mechanism is based on the process of introducing place marketing in rural areas in order to attract investors and realize their goals in time. In particular: it is necessary to analyze the measures offered by different institutions, associations and individuals, to explore and use foreign experience of solving socioeconomic problems of rural areas and economic entities (marketing audit); to identify the needs and opportunities of agribusiness, its development and, accordingly, the territorial community (development of marketing); taking into account the existing priorities, to formulate a long-term and current concept of marketing of rural areas and agricultural organizations.

54-58

Authors: А. Kravchenko

Under conditions of globalization of economic environment, there is a need to develop a mechanism for financial market functioning with the use of digital technologies. The purpose of the study is to build a model of the mechanism of financial market functioning under conditions of society digitalization. In the course of the research we have applied the complex, systemic and cybernetic approaches; abstract-logical and synergetic methods, as well as the methods of modeling, grouping, analysis, etc. The concept of the mechanism of financial market functioning under society digitalization has been investigated and clarified. In particular, the essence of the concept of "mechanism" has been revealed, the definitions of "financial mechanism" and "digitalization" have been specified. It has been substantiated that the financial mechanism is the system of approaches to legal, institutional, statistical, instrumental, information and technology support of financial system. It is noted that digitalization of financial market is the saturation of financial market with digital systems in matter of electronic, information and communication interconnection, as well as the formation and functioning of financial cyberspace. The model of the mechanism of financial market functioning under conditions of society digitalization has been built. It has been established that the mechanism of financial market functioning under conditions of society digitalization is the system of saturating the financial market with digital means of information and communication interconnection, economic and legal relations, as well as a digital form of ensuring the formation and functioning of effective financial cyberspace to meet the needs of the society. A prospective direction for further research will be to build a paradigm for financial market functioning in the context of society digitalization.

74-80

Authors: M. Matusiak

The most sensitive to temperature changes, especially in winter and spring, are annual magnolia shoots, as evidenced by the formation of frost on plants. Therefore, for the successful introduction of magnolia in the temperate climate of Ukraine, it is necessary to select species capable of restructuring their physiological processes in the direction of increasing cold resistance, which will facilitate their adaptation in new conditions. The analysis conducted to determine the features of winter-hardy species of the Magnolia genus in the Vinnitsa conditions shows that not all species of the genus can tolerate the climatic conditions of the region, and especially the winter period. According to the conducted observations, the beginning of shoot growth in the magnolia in the conditions of Vinnitsa is observed during the month of April. In species such as Magnolia kobus D.C., Magnolia obovata Thunb., Magnolia acuminata L., shoot growth begins in the first decade of Аpril. In the second decade of April, the growth of shoots of Magnolia Soulangeanа Soul. begins. In the third decade of April – the first decade of May, shoots begin to grow actively in Magnolia tripetala L. The terms of the end of the growth period and its duration vary greatly and depend on the geographical origin and species-specific features of the species, but, mainly, the magnolias introduced in Vinnitsa, finish their increment in length in the II–III decade of September – Magnolia soulangeanа Soul., Magnolia tripetala L. In the species Magnolia kobus DC, Magnolia obovata Thunb., Magnolia acuminata L. shoot growth ends in the third decade of August and the first decade of September. According to the 7-point Woolf winter hardiness scale, it was found that the highest winter hardiness in the conditions of VNAU biostationary (1 point) is possessed by species such as magnolia (M. obovata Thunb.), Kobus (M. kobus DC) and pointed (M. acuminata L.). Somewhat less winter hardiness is characterized by (2 points) Magnolia Soulange (M. soulangiana Soul.), That is, in winter freezing was less than 50 % of annual shoots, and the damage of annual shoots with low negative temperatures was 3–5 cm. The lowest winter hardiness in biostable conditions UNAU (5 points) is noted magnolia triple (M. tripetala L.), the damage of the plant was up to the level of snow cover (almost 80 % of habitus). Deciduous species of the genus are winter-hardy, but in severe winters, such as Magnolia Sulange (M. soulangiana Soul.), Stellate (M. stellata (Siebold & Zucc.) Maxim.), Flower buds and annual shoots can be damaged. It is also important that with age magnolia increases not only the abundance of flowering, its duration, but also winter hardiness.

90-95

Authors: I. Chala, V. Rusak

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most widely spread non-infectious cats and dogs diseases and in modern times it is reaching epidemic levels. The purpose of the research was to determine enzymes activity, which is a marker of liver’s functional activity: alanine aminotransferase, asparagine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and sorbitol dehydrogenase in cats suffering from diabetes mellitus, and another purpose was to study the dynamics of sorbitol dehydrogenase activity. Two groups of cats aged 5–7 years old (males and females) 10 cats in each group were formed for the research. A control group comprised clinically healthy animals, experimental group comprised animals diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. The results of the research showed that in cats of the experimental group the glucose content was 3.31 times as high as in cats of a control group. Fructosamine characterizes the duration of hyperglycemia and in cats diagnosed with diabetes mellitus its content overshot the control indices by 32 %, that testifies to a long-standing increase in glucose amount. Because of diabetes mellitus, water-salt metabolism is damaged, for instance blood osmolality is increased. The determination of enzymes activity showed that transaminase activity doubled, whereas the alkaline phosphatase activity increased by 25 %. The concentration of total bilirubin increased more than three-fold as compared to the control. The sorbitol dehydrogenase activity in cats diagnosed with diabetes mellitus was in 2.25 times higher as compared to the animals in a control group. The activity of this enzyme, contrary to transaminase activity, is increased during the first days after hepatic dysfunction symptoms. Thus, in cats diagnosed with diabetes mellitus, liver function abnormality is developed which is manifested in activity changes of alanine aminotransferase, asparagine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase in the increase in bilirubin concentration as well as in the increase of sorbitol dehydrogenase activity. This enzyme is a valuable biochemical marker of liver function abnormality on the early stages of pathology development.

106-115

Authors: L. Lunachevskyy, M. Rumіantsev

Yield tables are the basis of regulatory materials for forest fund accounting, design and planning of forestry operations, and implementation of measures to increase forest productivity. Growth modeling of oak stands and construction of yield tables were performed according to generally accepted methods by analyzing the Database of Production Association «Ukrderzhlisproekt». The correlation bonds of the main taxations indexes of artificial oak stands within the territory of the Left-bank Forest-Steppe zone were revealed. The calculated correlation coefficients to select adequate regression models of growth were used. To simulate the growth processes of forest plantations, the Mitcherlich function is used which takes into account the biological features of oak growth. On the basis of presented the mathematical models regional tables of growth of modal and reference plantations artificial oak forest stands of the Left-bank Forest-steppe zone of Ukraine created in conditions of fresh maple-lime oak forest are compiled. The resulting yield tables describe tree stands and their removed parts (due to natural thinning or forest management operations). It is determined that the age of quantitative maturity of the reference artificial oak stands comes earlier (43 years) than of the modal artificial oak stands (48 years). The index of the forest growth potential utilization of forest lands is defined for modal stands of artificial origin in the studied forest area. By comparison with reference artificial oak stands of the Left-bank Forest-steppe zone the importance of indexes of the forest growth potential utilization of forest lands is in the range of 49 % (stands 10 years old) to 83 % (stands 120 years old). The weighted average was 75 %. The resulting yield tables of modal and reference plantations artificial oak forest stands of the Left-bank Forest-steppe zone of Ukraine it is appropriate to apply at the time of the planning of forestry operations (in particular care fellings).

121-126

Authors: S. Kovalyova, I. Mozharivska

Soil is a unique indispensable natural resource which is the solar energy storage, the basis of life for plants, animals and humans, as well as a natural indicator of environmental pollution. Contamination of soil with heavy metals is of global interest in modern science in connection with the increase of man-made impact on the environment. The danger of heavy metals is determined by the fact that, unlike organic pollutants, they are not destroyed, but transfer from one form to another, in particular, they are included in the salts, oxides, organometallic compounds. The purpose of our study was to determine the content of mobile heavy metal compounds in soil while growing energy crops on the radioactively contaminated territory. The findings of the study showed that the content of toxicants in soil under conditions of radioactive contamination was considerably below the MAC. Lead concentration in the studied sites of energy crops varied within 0.72–0.87 mg/kg. The greatest difference between the variants was found while cultivating cup plant and oriental bunias (10.9 and 11.8 %), and the smallest was observed while growing miscanthus and sorghum perennial (7.5 and 9.7 %, respectively). It was found out that the highest concentration of cadmium was observed in the soil when using mineral fertilizers (N50P50K50); the content was at the level of 0.040–0.044 mg/kg. Chemical elements such as copper and zinc were in minimal quantities. The levels of copper availability varied from 0.078 to 0.091 mg/kg, and zinc from 1.83 to 2.45 mg/kg. It should be noted that the lowest concentration of heavy metals was observed while cultivating all energy crops without the use of fertilizers. Prospects for further study will be aimed at establishing patterns of distribution of heavy metals in soil layers while cultivating energy crops.

136-143

Authors: S. Lutkovska

This article identifies ways of identifying environmental risks in the environmental and economic security system. It is established that the identification of risks for the territory and the population consists in the systematic identification and study of exogenous and endogenous environmental risks specific to a particular region or activity. The process of formation of ecological and economic risk is formed, which consists of the following stages: determination of risk-forming factors, determination of ecological risk, determination of harm to man, determination of other risk-forming factors, introduction of changes to the system of environmental risk factors, determination of economic loss. It is proved that in the first stage of the formation and implementation of state policy in the field of integrated security with a large number of proposed two types of risks can be applied: life activities: individual – concern an individual, collective (social) – communities; economic – absolute (in UAH) or relative (share of GDP, GRP). An environmental risk identification scheme has been developed and the relationship between the factors of influence on the magnitude of risk has been established. It is established that there are two main types of environmental risk, depending on its orientation: object – arises due to the negative impact of other economic entities (negative environmental changes, as a result of the activity of economic entities; economic losses due to such changes, related to other economic objects); subjective – due to its own impact, which leads to environmental responsibility (negative impact on the environment; the spread of negative changes of the latter to natural objects; damage to health and damage as a result of environmental change). The content of the category "strategic environmental assessment" is defined. It is proved that the efficiency and controllability of anthropogenic and natural risk management process in the country should be ensured by a branched infrastructure of security regulation mechanisms based on regulatory, organizational, administrative, engineering, economic and other regulatory methods.

15-23

Authors: V. Gamayunova, A. Panfilova, T. Baklanova, A. Kuvshinova, T. Kasatkina, V. Nagirniy

The most optimal sowing period was determined in one of the experiments with winter barley for the conditions of the southern Steppe zone of Ukraine, such as the 2nd decade of October. At the same time, during sowing in the 1st decade of October, the average grain yield over the years of cultivation, for varieties and preparations from pre – sowing seed treatment increased by 13.7 %, for sowing in the 2nd decade it increased by 11.9 %, and in the 3rd decade of October it increased by 4.1 %, which was due to the duration of the autumn vegetation. More significantly, the grain yield of four varieties of winter barley increased from extra-foliar fertilizing of plants with growth-regulating substances during the main periods of vegetation. So, if in the control when plants were processed with water, the grain yield on average for three years of cultivation, depending on the variety, was formed in the range from 3.92 to 4.49 t/ha, then when they were processed, depending on the biological product and the vegetation phase, it increased from 4.50 up to 5.63 t/ha. It was established that a substantial level of yield increased after fertilizing twice during spring tillering and early stooling primarily from the use of Isotope and Organic-balance compared to Melanoriz and Microfriend. The studied winter barley varieties, such as Snigova Koroleva, Devyatiy Val, Valkyrie and Oscar were determined to be more productive in terms of stability of crop formation during all years of cultivation. There was a similar reaction on nutrition optimization through the application of growth-regulating substances on plants of spring barley. Their use for double nutrition resulted in an increase in the grain yield in the range of 26.7 up to 27.1 % compared to the control and 10.1 up to 10.5 % with a background of a moderate dose of mineral fertilizer N30P30. With an average supply of soil with nutrients and optimizing the nutrition of spring barley plants by using only modern growth-regulating preparations, depended on the number of nutritions the grain yield reached the maximum values for holding them three times during the growing season. At the same time, the quality of grain was also improved. Organic D-2M (1 l/ha), Escort-bio (500 g/ha) and Fresh florid (300 g/ha) were identified as more effective preparations for spring barley. Advantages of the selected for research varieties of spring barley were not determined. All of them were almost identical in all years of cultivation.

32-37

Authors: N. Plotnytska, O. Nevmerzhytska, O. Gurmanchuk, V. Kashtan

The oversaturation of crop rotation with maize has a negative effect on the phytosanitary condition of its bally crops and leads to losses of 25–30 % of grain yield due to the phytopathogenic organisms and pests’ growth. Seed treatment enables the young maize sprouts to be protected from pathogens existing inside and on the surface of the seeds, in the soil as well as on plant residues, on the early stages of organogenesis. Our research, conducted during 2018–2019 under conditions of the Zhytomyr National Agro-ecological University research field, was aimed at studying the effectiveness of seed treatment fungicide used for protection of maize crops against the most common pathogens of fungal diseases: Ustilago zeae (Beckm.) Unger, Sorosporium relianum Mc. Alp., Fusarium moniliforme Scheld. The article presents the results of the study concerning the estimation of effectiveness of such seed treatment fungicide as TMTD, suspension concentration, (3,0 l/t), Vitavaks 200 FF, water suspension concentration (2,5 l/t) and Skarlet (0,4 l/t) against pathogens of the main fungal diseases when applied to the maize hybrid DKS 2960. The application of TMTD, suspension concentration (3,0 l/t), Vitavaks 200 FF, water suspension concentration (2,5 l/t) and Skarlet (0,4 l/t) promotes to the reduction in the extent of maize affection with Ustilago zeae (Beckm.) Unger by 1.4–2,5 %, Sorosporium relianum Mc. Alp. by 0,9–1,9 %, Fusarium moniliforme Scheld by 3,7–4,8 %. The use of Skarlet agent enabled to restrain the development of Sorosporium relianum Mc. Alp. completely. The seed treatment fungicide applied had a positive effect on the yield of maize grain and allowed to obtain an increase of 1,1–2.0 t/ha as compared to the untreated variant. The highest yield increase of 2,0 t/ha, compared to the control variant, was obtained during the pre-sowing treatment of maize seeds with Skarlet (0,4 l/t). Further research will focus on developing elements of the maize protection system against major diseases, including the use of biological product.

43-52

Authors: M. Shvets, F. Markov, E. Galev, A. Pitsil, I. Kulbanska

Objective – to assess and analyze the phytosanitary condition of plants of the genus Betula on the territory of the botanical garden of the Zhytomyr National Agroecological University. In the course of the research, the following methods were used: route-visual, forestry-inventory, mycological, phytopathological, and comparatively calculated. Diagnosing the viability of forest plants, we used visual and instrumental approaches. The condition of plant specimens was evaluated in three categories: good, satisfactory, and unsatisfactory. Materials were processed using the Microsoft Office Word and Microsoft Office Excel computer programs. The phytosanitary condition of plants from the genus Betula was assessed and analyzed on the territory of the botanical garden of the Zhytomyr National Agroecological University. In the territory of the botanical garden, specimens of Betula raddeana Traut., B. lenta L., B. papyrifera Marsh., B. schmidtii Reg., B. dahurica Pall. are in excellent physiological condition now. Somewhat weakened infectious pathologies are B. pendula Roth. and B. pubescens Ehrh. Diagnosed their pathological processes with the identification of the species composition of pathogens of infectious diseases and pathologies of non-infectious nature. In general, the phytosanitary condition of the studied specimens is satisfactory; however, 27.3 % of plants of Betula are now weakened. Infectious diseases of birch trees of various etiologies have been identified. Brown spots are the most common among diseases of fungal etiology - the pathogen Marssonina betulae. Diagnosed the presence of wood destroyers Fomitopsis betulina and Fomes fomentarius. Found diffuse foci of half-parasite mistletoe white (Viscum album). Among the bacterioses, the negative effect of the pathogens of the bacterial burn of (Erwinia amylоvora) and the bacterial dropsy of silver birch (Lelliottia nimipressuralis) on the morphological and physiological state of plants has been established. In shape of the bark, silver birch with a rhomboid-fissured form of the bark turned out to be resistant to bacterial dropsy, the least stable with a smooth shape. On the examined tree trunks, the pattern of altitude of ulcers from dropsy (as integral components of the symptoms of bacteriosis) was revealed, where they were noted up to a height of 15.5 m. A key step in the development plant of Betula health measures is environmental and pathological monitoring, annual sanitary trimming of affected shoots and dry branches, and the use of biological products based on aerobic spore-forming bacteria Bacillus sp.

60-65

Authors: V. Borschenko, A. Bernatsky, O. Lavryniuk, S. Verbelchuk, S. Farafonov

Feeding in the dry season affects the viability of the offspring and milk in the next lactation. In addition, proper feeding prevents heavy calving, metabolic disorders (paresis, ketosis, delayed litter, etc.), increases fertilization, and improves colostrums quality. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of nutrition on nutrition, metabolic disorders, and reproductive function in cows after calving after nutrition of nutriCAB (encapsulated calcium chloride). The effect of feeding NutriCAB (encapsulated calcium chloride) in the period of late dryness on dairy productivity, metabolic disorders and reproductive functions in cows after calving is investigated and the zootechnical and economic efficiency of such feeding is determined. The study was conducted on 44 dry cows. Dry cows received NutriCAB starting at 21 grams per day at 130 grams / head / day. The results of the studies have substantiated the need for late cationic anion-to-negative (DCAB) rations with NutriCAB, which contributes to hotel relief, reduced metabolic abnormalities, improved health and reproductive performance. Late-dry cationic anion-to-negative diet (DCAB) rationing with NutriCAB makes it easier to calve, reduce metabolic abnormalities, improve the health and reproductive function of cows, get faster milk yields and provide stability. The introduction of the NutriCAB product to cows in late dryness significantly lowered the urine pH after 5 days. The use of anionic salts in rations of dry cows at the current price is economically feasible. Mainly by reducing the costs of post-partum metabolic disorders, as well as the positive trends in feed intake, increased animal productivity, reduced length of service, and more efficient conversion of feed into milk.

75-88

Authors: О. Kilnytska, О. Sushytskyi, Y. Sardakovskiy

The development of the labor market in Ukraine is taking place under extremely complicated demographic, socio-economic, political and environmental conditions. Currently, only 45% of the country's employment potential generates official gross product to provide to the unemployed, the retired, the householders, and the upbringing of children, sick, children, students and others. This situation prompts exploration and formation of mechanisms that motivate employment. The goal of this scientific work is to specify methodological approaches and evaluate salary as main motivation for employment. The object is the usage and motivation of Ukrainian enterprises` employees. The subject of this study is a combination of theoretical, methodological and practical problems of motivation assessing for work and salary. In the course of the study classical approaches to defining the concept of “motivation” were characterized and attention was paid to the importance of the incentive of material rewards. Employment dynamics of the population of Ukraine and the EU countries for 2014-2018 is displayed. The relationship between gross domestic product per capita and the level of minimal salary in Ukraine and in some countries of the world has been demonstrated. A comparative assessment of officially established level of minimal salary of equal employee representatives with the international standards of the International Labor Organization, the UN, the World Bank, the EU is made. The dynamics of the average monthly nominal salary of full-time employees according to economic activities in Ukraine is analyzed. By the sociological surveys method the level of the desired average monthly salary of workers in Ukraine by age, sex, regional by region in 2018 and 2019 were determined. Determined that a higher level of gross domestic product per capita in the country provides a higher level of the official minimal salary, better social protection and reproduction of the workforce. Low financial resources of the state and employers are holding back wage growth as a major motivating factor for work and workforce reproduction. The state's intervention in the field of material motivation of work by establishment of a minimum salary and regulating employment and unemployment is justified. A further perspective of research in this area should be the formation of a national model of emloyment motivation - the concept of complex, systemic motivation based on employment growth, bringing basic social standards in the fields of fiscal policy, salary, to international standards, formation of a strong middle class and ensuring stable development.

102-110

Authors: О. Sydіakіna, І. Sahnо

Broccoli fruits are appreciated for the presence of substances important for the human body, which determines the high nutritional value of this cabbage vegetable crop. The purpose of this article is to analyze the literature on the economic and therapeutic value of broccoli, to determine the current state of its production in the world, in Europe and Ukraine, to study varietal resource and technology of crops growing, as well as the conditions for maximum long-term storage. The hіstоry оf оrіgіn and nutritional prоpertіes оf such valuable vegetable culture as brоccоlі cabbage are cоvered іn the artіcle. Analysis of the chemical composition of the fruits shows that broccoli contains many macrо-, trace elements and vitamins. Іts protein in amino acid composition is not inferior to the protein of beef, and the presence of tryptophan, lysine and isoleucine brings it closer to the protein of chicken eggs. The results of studies of the amino acid composition of Parthenon broccoli protein and Monaco F1, Belstar F1, Quinta F1 hybrids are shown. The article analyzes the healing properties of culture. Іt is shown that the consumption of its fruits provides high efficiency in the fight against various gastric pathologies, improves digestion, calms the stomach, maintains the necessary acidity, promotes better absorption of nutrients, reduces the effect of inflammatory processes. Much attention has been paid to the healing properties of sulforaphane, which has a pronounced anti-cancer activity. Іn addition to sulfоraphane, broccoli cabbage also contains other anticancer substances such as іndоle-3-carbіnоl and synegrin. The antioxidant, anti-enzyme, hormone-like action of indole compounds of broccoli extract is shown. The artіcle analyzes the healіng prоpertіes оf culture. Іt іs shоwn that the cоnsumptіоn оf іts fruіts prоvіdes hіgh effіcіency іn the fіght agaіnst varіоus gastrіc pathоlоgіes, іmprоves dіgestіоn, calms the stоmach, maіntaіns the necessary acіdіty, prоmоtes better absоrptіоn оf nutrіents, reduces the effect оf іnflammatоry prоcesses. Much attentіоn has been paіd tо the healіng prоpertіes оf sulfоraphane, whіch has a prоnоunced antі-cancer actіvіty. Іn addіtіоn tо sulfоraphane, brоccоlі cabbage alsо cоntaіns оther antі-cancer substances such as іndоle-3-carbіnоl and synegrіn. The antіоxіdant, antі-enzyme, hоrmоne-lіke actіоn оf іndоle cоmpоunds оf brоccоlі extract іs shоwn. The artіcle prоvіdes statіstіcs оn acreage and brоccоlі prоductіоn іn the wоrld and Eurоpe. The largest prоducіng cоuntrіes оf thіs culture and theіr cоnsumptіоn are іndіcated. The current state оf brоccоlі prоductіоn іn Ukraіne іs analyzed, іn partіcular cоnsіderable attentіоn іs gіven tо varіetal resоurces оf culture. The article describes the ways of growing broccoli, agrotechnical operations for plant care, identifies dangerous diseases and pests of culture, measures to control them and storage conditions of grown products. It is shown that the maximum yield levels of broccoli cabbage provides under conditions of optimal supply of moisture and nutrients. Based оn the analysіs оf the lіterature оn the іmpоrtance and current state оf brоccоlі prоductіоn, іt was cоncluded that іts stable prоductіоn іn Ukraіne іs pоssіble оnly under the cоndіtіоn оf іmprоvement and іntrоductіоn оf the latest apprоaches tо cultіvatіоn technоlоgy, and the relevance оf further researches wіth thіs culture was cоnfіrmed.

18-28

Authors: Iryna Siruk, Yurii Siruk

Zhytomyr is one of the cities of Ukraine, which has large areas of green belts. Due to the lack of the latest integrated information on the characteristics of green belts around the city, an analysis of the forest fund of three enterprises was carried out, the area of which form the green zone. Based on the analysis of forest management information, it was determined that about 58% of the area of suburban forests belongs to forestry enterprises. Accordingly, the share of land plots in the forest-park part of the urban green belt amounts to 42%. The area of each part was divided into categories, predominant species, age groups, forest types, and the presence of specific features in the plot. Recreational forests are mainly represented by forested areas, the share of which reaches 91% against 89% in the plots of forestry enterprises. By age, stands in recreational forests are slightly older. It was found that the species and typological structure of forests in both zones differs. Forest-growing conditions in the forestry part are richer, which has led to the allocation of more forest types, more diverse species composition, and the predominance of oak stands. In general, more than a third of the areas of hayfields and more than half of the areas of swamps are overgrown with woody and shrubby vegetation in suburban forests, due to the overdrying. The areas of hayfields and bogs were categorised by type and use. Areas with important recreational features include areas with the presence of scenic overlooks, drinking water sources, monuments, landscaping elements, century-old trees, small glades, biotechnical objects, and forest areas that are monuments of landscape art, places of memorable events, places of settlement of rare animals and birds. It was found that the forest zones of Zhytomyr contain significant areas of plots with existing berry-bearing plants (430 ha) and medicinal plants of industrial significance (179 ha). Berry fields are represented only by blueberries and strawberries, the projective coverage of which varies from 5 to 35%. Future studies can be promising to determine the level of recreational use of plots that have valuable features, elements of landscaping, and berry fields

36-45

Authors: Fedir Melnychuk, Olha Marchenko, Andrii Shatkovskyi, Igor Kovalenko

Irrigation changes the ecological conditions of crop cultivation and modifies existing phytopathocenoses and entomocomplexes, having a complex and multi-vector impact, which requires significant changes in protection technologies, the development of new methods for controlling harmful organisms. It is important to select a modern range of chemicals that can be effectively used in chemicalisation. The purpose of the study was to identify promising active substances of pesticides for use in drip irrigation and develop schemes for their application. Field experiments to determine the effectiveness of certain groups of pesticides in drip irrigation were conducted in the conditions of the dry steppe of Ukraine. The studied preparations were applied on a drip irrigation system. To investigate the use of pesticides in drip irrigation, schemes were developed to protect row crops: corn, tomatoes and soybeans. The selected active ingredients, which are characterised by translaminar and acropetal movement through the plant, have a systemic nature of action and are highly effective when used in drip irrigation technologies. It was found that one of the significant disadvantages of applying plant protection products with irrigation water is the limitation of the time of application by irrigation modes. The highest effectiveness against the main pathogens was observed with the combined method of applying pesticides according to the developed schemes. This method involves the use of pesticides together with irrigation water and additional treatment with chemical preparations by conventional methods of application during the growing season. For its part, this method allows performing preventive treatments in a short time and adjust the treatment time depending on the phytosanitary situation

58-64

Authors: Mykola Berlinets

In the context of increasing production of grain and leguminous crops, the amount of energy used during their post-harvest processing also increases, and, consequently, greenhouse gas emissions from the consumption and production of such energy increase. Since the post-harvest grain processing is one of the energy-intensive processes in the production of agricultural products, and the largest use of energy in this process falls on the drying of grain, the purpose of this study was to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from electricity consumption upon post-harvest grain processing by using hybrid photovoltaic/wind power systems to meet the needs of low-temperature grain drying. Installations that use this process are aerated bins. Power supply of such systems from the power grid accompanies indirect carbon dioxide emissions from electricity consumption. It was established that one of the ways to reduce the emission of such gases, as well as to ensure reliability and energy efficiency for low-temperature grain drying in aerated bins is the use of wind and solar radiation energy. To compare environmental efficiency, it was determined that the criterion for the efficiency of using hybrid photovoltaic/wind power systems to improve low-temperature grain drying is a direct environmental criterion for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from electricity consumption. It was established that the environmental effect of reducing carbon dioxide emissions depends on the levels of autonomy of the use of hybrid photovoltaic/wind power systems and the amount of electricity consumed during low-temperature grain drying. It is theoretically calculated that the use of such systems to power active ventilation bunkers can reduce greenhouse gas emissions from 122.7 to 16,564.5 CO2 kg for low-temperature drying of grain from 25 to 225 tonnes of grain per year. The practical value of this study was to reduce greenhouse gas emissions during low-temperature grain drying by using combined photovoltaic/wind power systems

74-83

Authors: Valentyna Antonenko, Olena Sukhina

The relevance of the study was conditioned by the necessity of seeking solutions of environmental security issues and ensuring its effective management. The purpose of the study was to structure the national security system with the allocation of environmental and economic subsystems, constructive and critical analysis of the main opinions and positions of researchers on the essence and areas of the ecosystem approach concerning the solutions of environmental security issues, further development of the ecosystem approach based on economic management methods. The study was based on the use of system and matrix approaches, methods of generalisation, modelling, analysis and synthesis, and content analysis. It was proved that the national security system includes, in particular, environmental and economic subsystems and that there is an objective internal system connection between these subsystems, which, if used correctly, should ensure the effective functioning and development of both subsystems. The study outlined the functional and subject matrix of the environmental security system, which will contribute to the systematisation of various areas in its research. It was established that from the standpoint of management theory, the ecological subsystem is defined as the managed one, and the economic subsystem is defined as the managing one. Management is ensured by the fact that the first one includes not only natural, but also human resources (consumers of ecosystem services, managers in the environmental sphere or performers of environmental functions). It was proved that the effective solution of environmental issues necessitates the consideration of the economic interests of these people, since economic interests constitute the basis of an economic (effective) management method. The practical value of the study was to develop an economic method for managing the environmental security system and substantiate the role of economic interests, which would contribute to the practical solution of environmental issues in Ukraine

99-108

Authors: Nadiia Kryvenko

The importance and number of integration blocs continue to grow, with agreements being concluded by countries on all continents. This affects not only the development of their member countries but also third countries, in particular trade with them. A considerable number of trade and economic associations are established by Latin American countries, and although researchers study mainly Mercosur, it is advisable to consider other blocs, wherein the integration of developing countries originates in Latin America. The purpose of the study was to examine the development of integration in Latin America and external trade peculiarities of individual trade and economic associations. To achieve this purpose, the authors used foreign and Ukrainian studies, statistical data of international organisations, as well as analysis and synthesis, comparative, historical, graphic, and other methods. The study considered the integration in Latin America, caused by internal issues of countries, its individual stages. In particular, the researchers outlined the features of each stage and identified the advantages of integration, which has become a driving force for trade development. It is advisable to consider the factors that contributed to integration when concluding future regional trade agreements, as well as the level of development of individual integrating countries, their participation in other trade and economic associations, international organisations, and other factors. Calculations for trade areas demonstrated that in 2018, compared with 1995, the total and intraregional exports of the studied integration blocs grew, and the share of the latter did not fall below 10.5%, with the exception of the Andean Community, some blocs reached 20%, although during the specified period for most trade and economic associations it decreased. Considering the results obtained, there are reasons to predict the development of integration in Latin America, yet it is worth considering the influence of internal and external economic factors, as well as methods of regulation and adaptation

16-21

Authors: Svitlana Sapko

The present article describes studies on the use of veterinary anthelmintic drug “Moxistop” (drops) to prevent helminthiasis in dogs and cats of different ages. These studies are relevant because the market has a wide range of anthelmintic drugs; “Moxistop” with its constituent substances (moxidectin/praziquantel) provides effective prevention of a wide range of helminths. Prevention of helminthiasis is an important anti-epizootic measure, which carried out at least once a quarter. Infection of dogs and cats before and 14 days after treatment was determined by examining fecal samples by Fulleborn flotation. The effectiveness of the drug was established because of the number of helminth eggs in 1 g of feces before and after treatment. For the treatment of dogs was used “Moxistop for dogs” (LLC SPE “SUZIRYA” Kharkiv, Ukraine): the active substances – moxidectin (25 mg/ml) and praziquantel (40 mg/ml), and for the treatment of cats used “Moxistop for cats”: active substances – moxidectin (10 mg/ml) and praziquantel (40 mg/ml). The drug was applied to experimental animals in drops (“spot-on”) on dry intact skin (topical application). As a result of a single application of the drug “Moxistop” drops found that on (4–6) days after application of the drug to dogs and (4–5) days after administration of the drug to cats, diarrhea in all animals stopped, feces became decorated, homogeneous consistency, not had additional inclusions. The animals were not disturbed, did not lick the skin around the anus, no side effects from the skin (redness or irritation, hair loss), increased local temperature or any signs of poisoning. No cat was detected in coprology studies on 14 days after deworming of helminth eggs. In the first series of experiments (groups I and III) conducted on dogs and cats infected with both cestodes and nematodes, a 100% therapeutic effect was obtained in cestodes in dogs and cats. The extent of invasion in dogs with nematodes was 80.0%, and the decrease in the number of eggs after treatment was 97.5% (from 157 ± 13.4 to 4), in cats, these figures were 100%. The effectiveness of the drug “Moxistop” in dogs and cats (groups II and IV animals), which was 100% in the second series of experiments with a high degree of nematode infestation (more than 500 eggs in 1 g of feces). According to the results of the tests, it was found high efficiency of the drug “Moxistop” in the invasion of Dipylidium canis, Toxocara cati, Toxascaris leonina and Uncinaria stenocephala in dogs and cats of different ages

28-38

Authors: Liudmyla Piddubna, Daria Zakharchuk1, Ruslan Bratushka

The sperm quality of stud bulls is an important indicator on which depends the result of cattle reproduction. The aim of the study was to evaluate the Holstein bulls in terms of productivity and quality of sperm in the conditions of LLC “Ukrainian Genetic Company”. The study was carried out on livestock of 20 stud bulls of the Holstein breed of foreign selection, which were in the same conditions of feeding, keeping and use. The sperm production parameters were determined using an IVOS sperm analyser and evaluated in accordance with respective DSTU standard. Freezing resistance of sperm was estimated as a percentage ratio of sperm doses rejected after cryopreservation to their total amount. The absolute sperm efficiency of stud bulls was evaluated by the method of the experts of the Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics nd. a. M.V. Zubets of National Academy of Agrarian Science. It was found that that stud bulls of LLC “Ukrainian Genetic Company” are characterized by sufficient fertility. They have produced, on average, 156 ejaculates within a year, which included 106 high-quality ejaculates (67.9%). Characteristics of sperm efficiency of experimental stud bulls are rather variable (Сv from 23.1–79.7%), and vary within the following limits: the number of high-quality ejaculates throughout a year – 3–173 pcs., native sperm obtained – 201–1016 ml, percent of rejected sperm – 3.1–76.1, doses of sperm obtained – 5755–61920 pcs. It was revealed that probable difference in sperm production indicators of sperm providers is associated with their individual characteristics. Volume of ejaculate ranges from 3.77 to 7.30 ml (d=3.57; td=16.6; P<0.001), sperm motility ranges from 7.2 to 8.3 points (d=1.1; td=11.1; P<0.001), sperm concentration in ejaculate ranges from 1.51 to 3.52 bln/ml (d=2.01; td=24; P<0.001), freezing resistance of sperm ranges from 59.6 to 99.6%. Holstein stud bulls of LTD “Ukrainian Genetic Company” have rather high sperm productivity index that ranges from 5.19 to 15.29 bln of motile spermatozoids in ejaculate. A strong positive correlation was found between motility and sperm concentration (r = +0.825; P<0.001), motility and the quantity of sperm doses obtained per year (r = +0.766; P<0.001), concentration and quantity of sperm doses obtained per year (r = +0.595; P<0.001)

53-60

Authors: Olha Budnik

The globalisation of Ukrainian economy, the distribution of land resources, the diversity of commodity producers and the radical breakdown of property relations have significantly affected the agricultural sector and production volumes. The development of farming in such conditions is accompanied by a set of financial, economic, material, technical, and social problems. This implies the need to introduce a qualitatively new conceptual paradigm of its development. The purpose of the study is to prove the relevance and feasibility of the application of the cooperative marketing paradigm complementary with marketing tools in the in the context off meeting the business interests of farmers. The objectives of the study are: identification of the main directions and trends in the development of farm business; implementation of the service cooperation concept in their activities in combination with marketing tools as well as the substantiation of the prospects of using cooperative marketing for farmers. In the course of the study, the following methods were used: abstract-logical and statisticaleconomic, analysis and synthesis. The undeniably important role of farms in agricultural production has been identified. It is emphasised that they have a number of competitive advantages, however, currently, they cannot fully use their own potential. Instead, the agricultural service cooperatives will contribute to the establishment of long-term and effective coordinated interaction in the rural society. The application of the radically new management approaches is proposed, the basis of which is the cooperative ideas with the marketing tools. The methodological understanding of the use of cooperative marketing in rural areas is presented and its prospects are proved. It is argued that the concept of cooperative marketing implementation to the agricultural business environment will contribute not only to the emergence of economically strong, competitive business units and the establishment of the favourable business climate, but an increase in the welfare of the rural population

70-80

Authors: Olena Kilnitska, Lyudmyla Starunska, Svitlana Pereuda

The assessment of personal security was made with the results of the analysis of the development, provision, application, and incentivisation of personnel of agricultural enterprises in Ukraine. The purpose of this study is to clarify the theoretical and methodological approaches to personnel security assessment in agricultural enterprises and to develop areas for its provision. Historical and economic, abstract and logical methods, statistical and economic techniques were applied in the study. The methodological part of the study established that the main imperative of social responsibility of entrepreneurship is the provision of the enterprise with personnel. Personnel security is a dominant feature of economic security of the enterprise, which ensures its sustainable development. The study determined the basis of the population in rural areas of Ukraine for the development of the workforce of agricultural enterprises. The study analysed the dynamics of development of the average number of full-time employees in the economy of Ukraine for the last five economic years. The structure of employment of the population of Ukraine by types of economic activity was determined. A complex characterisation of the dynamics of the personnel rotation at agricultural enterprises is carried out according to the following indicators: the level of hiring and dismissal; rate of change in the number of employees. The level of working time usage per one fulltime employee by types of economic activity in Ukraine was analysed and this indicator was compared with the level achieved in foreign countries. The organisation of material incentives for labour is identified. At present, this is very problematic, as there is a decrease in the real level of wages in all spheres of economic activity and in agriculture in particular. The objective reasons that threaten the personnel security of agricultural enterprises are identified. Reserves have been identified for improving the personnel security of agricultural enterprises to achieve a strategy for their sustainable development and economic sustainability. The study proposes measures to reduce risks and eliminate threats associated with the development, organisation, quantitative and qualitative provision of the enterprise with personnel capable of performing intellectual creative activity, commercialising innovations and putting them into practice

88-100

Authors: Lyudmyla Bovsh, Larysa Hopkalo, Alla Rasulova

The relevance of the study of diversification approach to customeroriented management of the hotel and restaurant businesses is caused by the need to find areas of business management in the context of deepening economic crisis. The hotel and restaurant business in Ukraine has been in a crisis plateau for a long time, which changes in the types and nature of influence and over time only exacerbates market and economic risks. The viral pandemic, which has halted many hotel and restaurant businesses, has drawn the attention of scientists and experts to the importance of mitigating risks through other sectors of the economy that were less affected or on the contrary, benefited from quarantine restrictions. Cancelled services reservations caused significant losses, and only subjects of hotel and restaurant business, which had a financial safety margin and / or diversified business, were able to stay on the market and use this time to strengthen customer orientation through CRM-systems, branding, development of diversified business concepts in the framework of concentrated diversification. The purpose of this paper was to determine the theoretical aspects of the formation of diversification policy and development of the customer-oriented approach for the hotel and restaurant business. The paper deals with the internal capabilities of the hotel and restaurant entities for reorientation, re-profiling, and diversification of the business, which are determined on the basis of modelling the hotel service system. To consider the features of the diversified approach, a number of general scientific and specific methods were applied, which allowed to formulate the theoretical provisions of the directions of diversification. Restrictions on access to the current operating performance of hotels and restaurants in the conditions of the pandemic have created certain information gaps in the development of practices of the application of customer-oriented tools and technologies, areas of diversification. Therefore, directions for future research are the study of successful results of diversification activities for hotel and restaurant businesses in Ukraine and around the world