Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Experimental Therapeutics

44-50.

Authors: Jamil Ahmed, Mohammad Mehedi Hasan Khan, Md. Abul Kashem, Sheikh Rashel Ahmed, Mohammad Jakir Hossain

The experiments were conducted for grading unknown agarwood, to analyze the total phenolics, total flavonoids, antioxidant status of agarwood and its crude oil and also to identify the existing bacteria that assist in the fermentation of agarwood during soaking period. Grades of unknown agarwoods were determined based on density metric method and cross checked for ether extract. Total phenolics of agar wood and oils were analyzed through Folin-Ciocalteu method and total flavonoid contents of agar oils were estimated using Aluminium chloride colorimetric method. For the determination of antioxidant status of agarwood oil, the inhibitory effects of oil extracts on DPPH radical was measured. To identify the bacterial genus, several biochemical tests were conducted. Results showed that insect infested agarwood was classified as Grade-1 agarwood (Calculated density was 0.641 g/cm3) and contained the highest amount ether extract of 18.90 ± 0.60%, total phenolic content of 3.5 ± 0.06 (mg GAE/g) and flavonoid content of 7.82 ± 0.23 (µg QE/ml). IC50 values obtained by DPPH activity for Aquillaria malaccensis oil extract was found to be 0.904 µg/ml. Bacillus spp. was recognized as the mostly prevalent bacteria responsible for fermentation of agarwood which exhibit special role in increasing the yield of agar oil. If agarwood and agar oil can be graded properly high market value will be obtained by exporting them.

55-64.

Authors: Md. Mahbubur Rahman, Minhee Son, Hyun Kim, In-Hyun Lee, Ha-young Jeon, Myung-Jin Kim, Hansol Kwon, Sung-Jin Park, Junhee Jang, Sokho Kim

Paclitaxel is used in the treatment of cancer especially in breast, stomach and ovarian cancer. However, peripheral neuropathic pain (PNP) induction is the most common devastating side effect of paclitaxel treatment. The objective of this study was to evaluate the PNP related behavioral changes in rats following oral administration of a novel oral paclitaxel formulation DHP107 (Liporaxel) in comparison with another popular intravenous paclitaxel preparation (Taxol). The rats were equally divided in to three groups namely, NC group (normal control): was treated with saline in a matched volume, LPX group (Liporaxel were administered orally) and TAX group (Taxol was administered intravenously). Less pain like behaviors were observed in LPX group in comparison with TAX group evidenced by significant higher level of hot plate paw withdrawal threshold (PWT), von Frey filament PWT and mechanical PWT than TAX group. Reduced lipid peroxidation and elevated antioxidant activities in serum, dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and sciatic nerve (SN) in LPX group than TAX group. In addition, cell apoptosis and expression of pain and neuropathy related proteins activation in LPX group was found lowered and myelin sheath thickness was higher in DRG and SN but not significantly different from the TAX group. Therefore, oral DHP107 could be a promising chemotherapeutic agent due to inducing less PNP.

73-77. (accepted).

Authors: Suraiya Aktar, Plabon Kumar Das, Saharia Yeasmin Asha, Mst. Ayesha Siddika, Farhadul Islam, Jahan Ara Khanam, Md. Abdur Rakib

Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) regulates blood pressure. ACE converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II which binds with its receptors and through a cascade of reactions constrict blood vesels, consequently results in increased blood pressure, called hypertension. Inhibition of ACE activity is considered as an useful therapeutic target that reduce hypertension. Moringa oleifera leaves have traditionally been used in Ayurvedic medicine for their antihypertensive activity and antihypertensive effect of Moringa leaves was reported on spontaneously hypertensive rats. So, we hypothesize that Moringa oleifera leaves methanolic extract (MOLME) might inhibit ACE activity. Inhibition of ACE activity by MOLME was estimated in vitro. In this study, inhibition of ACE by MOLME was evaluated by spectrophotometric method. MOLME inhibited ACE activity in the substrate hippuryl-L-histidyl-L-leucine (HHL) with an IC50 value of 226.37 μg/ml with a reference compound, captropril (CP), a potent ACE inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.0289 μM. The mode of ACE inhibition in HHL with or without MOLME revealed that the Vmax (0.0857 and 0.0541 OD/30 min, respectively) was changed and the Km values were 4.671 and 4.41. The results indicate that MOLME acts as a non-competitive inhibitor for ACE. CP was found a competitive inhibitor of ACE. MOLME might be a potential natural inhibitor of ACE which reduces hypertension.

87-97.

Authors: Md. Najmol Hoque, Rasha Binte Mohiuddin, Mohammad Mehedi Hasan Khan, Afsana Hannan, Md. Jahangir Alam

Poultry sector is presently emerged as a great profitable sector in worldwide. The sector’s role in the immense development of the people related this sector. Eggs and hens of layer farms are a major protein source for the people in Bangladesh. Different types of zoonotic diseases prevent the development of the sector. Among the major anxiety related to the development are health issues that scolding not only animal production, but also the community using the food resulting from these animals. One of the most frequently and widely occurring disease is Salmonella. Small-scale commercial farms are predominating here as in Bangladesh where stocks range from several hundreds to thousands and kept in a semi-confined system with a minimum of bio security. In such a system, the birds might be more vulnerable to become exposed to Salmonella. Rainy season is the most suitable for salmonella infection then summer or winter. Prevalence of Salmonella spp. was significantly higher in egg shell compared to egg contents are associated with human illnesses during consumption of contaminated poultry eggs. Different survey notified that, salmonella occurrence in Bangladesh ranges from 20% to above 90% in different locations and seasons. Animals are recognized to be the major reservoir for salmonellae; modern methods of animal husbandry, food production and food handling may encourage the transmission of these organisms from animal products to man. Efforts including critical control point programs in food manufacture are needed to reduce the incidence of Salmonella in food. Consumers-awareness efforts would protect public health from foodborne Salmonellosis.

04-09.

Authors: Shahidur Rahman and Md. Shahjahan

γ- aminobutyric acid (GABA) is an essential metabolite which plays a crucial role in signal transmission, stress metabolism, and some other activities also reported. Although the actual function of GABA shunt is not clearly understood. Three key enzymes, gamma aminobutyric acid transaminase (GABA-T), succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase and succinic semialdehyde reductase are involved in GABA shunt mechanism en route from glutamate to the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA)which could pave the way of GABA shunt action. The enzyme gamma aminobutyric acid transaminase (GABA-T) could also play a key role in GABA shunt action by converting GABA to succinic semialdehyde (SSA).In this study, the protein sequence of γ-aminobutyric acid transaminase of Brassica napus (Rape) was retrieved from UniProt protein database and analyzed GABA-T enzyme using different bioinformatics tools and servers to analyze the physiochemical properties, amino acid composition, conformational states, and 3D structure. We found that our experimental protein sequence was very unstable, and the graph of Local Quality Estimate showed that the sequence was porn to mutation and value of Z score was above two in comparison with a non-redundant set of PDB structure. In addition, the phylogenetic tree revealed that GABA-T of Dendrobium officinale, Phoenix dactylifera, Oryza sativa, Arabidopsis thaliana and Brassica napus evolved from a common ancestor gene.

17-22.

Authors: Md Mahmodul Hasan Sohel

In a growing follicle, granulosa cells (GCs) are the major cellular component and perform several important functions. GCs are an excellent choice for in vitro experimentation to understand their functions in vivo. However, the isolation of a pure fraction of GCs from slaughterhouse ovaries remains a challenge. The current study describes a simpler yet reliable method for isolating GCs from slaughterhouse ovaries of domestic animals. For this, bovine ovaries were collected from a nearby slaughterhouse and GCs were collected by aspiration method, one fraction of fresh GCs was snap frozen and stored at -80°C for further analysis and another fraction was used in culture purpose. The purity of GCs was determined by quantifying follicle stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) and CYP17A1 transcripts and analyzing the cultured cells under a microscope. The viability of GCs ranged from 66 – 35 % depending on the time and media used in transportation-processing. The results showed that FSHR gene was highly expressed as evidenced by the presence of a strong band while CYP17A1 is completely absent in the GCs isolated using the current method. In addition, the characteristics of the cultured cells further confirm the purity of isolated GCs. The current method isolates a pure population of GCs from slaughterhouse ovary without any contamination of thecal cells.

31-35.

Authors: Mohammad Rafiqul Islam, Md. Anwar Jahid, Md Zahirul Islam Khan and Md. Nabiul Islam

Lead toxicity is the vital issue in the developing countries that causes serious health hazards in animals and humans. Prophylactic effects of vitamin E and coriander (Coriandrum sativum) extract on lead-induced testicular damage in Swiss albino mice were investigated in the present study by gross and histological studies in five groups (control, lead intoxicated, vitamin E-treated, coriander-treated, vitamin E and coriander-treated). Treatment was done for 42 days. In the present study, weight and length of left and right testes were significantly (p<0.05) reduced in lead-intoxicated mice in comparison to the control group. Lead acetate was found to cause separation of primary spermatocyte from spermatogonia, morphological changes of seminiferous tubule and irregular arrangement of spermatogenic cells in the seminiferous tubules of testis. Vitamin E and coriander extract were found effective in the treatment of lead intoxicated mice and testes histology were found normal. Combined antioxidative action of vitamin E and corriander extract was also found effective in the treatment of lead intoxicated mice. The present investigation may serve as baseline data about adverse effects of lead toxicity and efficacy of vitamin E and coriander extract against lead toxicity. Further research need to be done to isolate and purify the active principle involved in the antioxidant activity of this plant.

72-77.

Authors: Mahaboob V Shaik, Subrahmanyam G

Endothelial dysfunction is one of the earliest pathological features in atherosclerosis. The current study designed to analyse the telomere length of human coronary artery derived endothelial cells to identify the relationship between telomere shortening and coronary artery disease (CAD)s. Coronary artery endothelial cells obtained from 30 patients with CAD and cell line were analysed by real time PCR method. Relative telomere and single-copy 36B4 gene (T/S) ratio which corresponds to the telomere length in coronary artery was significantly smaller in coronary artery disease patients than compared with control cell line. Flow cytometry analysis resulted endothelial cell count ranged from 0.55 x 106 to 0.96 x 106. Findings of this study suggest that telomere shortening in coronary artery endothelial cells play important role in the coronary artery disease.

83-87.

Authors: Shirin Sultana, Mohammad Shahdat Hossain, Mohammad Nazrul Islam, Md. Shahidul Islam Bhuiyan, Md. Salimullah, Jahangir Alam

Two minnows, indigenous olive barb, Puntius sarana and exotic silver barb, Barbodes gonionotus are important fish species in Bangladesh. Therefore, it is essential to identify diversed population of these fish species for selective breeding programme. Sixty olive barb fish were collected from three different natural stocks (Mymensingh, Madaripur and Sylhet) and 20 silver barbs from hatchery stock of Jashore in Bangladesh. Out of 40 decamer primers tested, 5 primers were selected for the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) based RAPD (Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA) analysis. Upon agarose gel electrophoresis, RAPD bands were scored as separately on the basis of their presence or absence for each sample and primer. A total of 43 polymorphic bands and highest proportion of polymorphic bands (62.79%) were found in the Madaripur populations. The gene diversity (0.2132±0.2067) and Shannon’s Information index (0.3161±0.2950) within populations were highest in Jashore stock. Among olive barb stocks, these values were higher in Sylhet stock. Besides, four populations segregated in two main clusters based on the Nei’s genetic distance. Indicating the segregation of two different species of minnows, the silver barb stock made one separate cluster while other three stocks of olive barb remained in another cluster. The present study exposed a distinct pattern of genetic variation and phylogenetic relatedness that would be helpful in selecting broodfish for genetic improvement as well as in conservation of these fish species.

36-42.

Authors: Mahaboob Vali Shaik , Hymavathi K, Subrahmanyam G

Wharton’s jelly (WJ) is a gelatinous tissue exists in the umbilical cord contains stromal cells, termed as mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). Current study designed to characterize the stem cell population both within the cord blood and it’s wharton’s jelly tissue and it’s correlation to neonatal parameters. Both wharton’s jelly and cord blood and their CD34+ and CD90+ expression was enumerated by flow-cytometry. Neonatal parameters along with the mode of delivery were analyzed to correlate with CD34 and CD90 markers. From a total of 20 deliveries, CD34 and CD90 expression pattern showed varied in both samples. Gender and the expression of CD34 and CD90 markers doesn’t show any significant change. Whereas, correlation analysis of weight with CD34+ and CD90+ cell counts showed significant difference and it may have the effect on both cell counts. Neonatal parameters especially birth weight may have the effect on cell count of CD34 and CD90 in both CB and WJ. Current study provide a fast method for mesenchymal cell isolation from Wharton’s jelly tissue using the total length of the cord, which may be easily applied along with the UC blood, for the banking of UC.

49-54.

Authors: Sheikh Ashikur Rahman, Md. Shamim Akhter

Seeds of white hyacinth bean available in Khulna, Bangladesh were investigated to assess bioactivities such as antibacterial and cytotoxic properties. For the evaluation of bioactivities solvent extraction was performed by using 50% ethanol and 50% methanol. In the present study, in vitro antibacterial screening was done by the method known as disc diffusion assay. Additionally, the cytotoxic activity was screened by using brine shrimp lethality bioassay. Both the extracts exhibited excellent activity against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria. For ethanolic extract of white hyacinth bean, maximum zone of inhibition was found 17.75 mm at 1000 μg/disc against Staphylococcus epidermidis and 16.75 mm against Staphylococcus aureus. On the other hand, for methanolic extract the maximum zone of inhibition was found as 17.25 mm for 1000 μg/disc against Escherichia coli and 16.75 mm against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In comparison to ethanolic extract, methanolic extract was found to be more active against all tested microorganisms. Compared to vincristine sulphate (with LC50 of 0.99 μg/ml) both ethanolic and methanolic extracts of hyacinth bean seeds showed toxicity lower than 100 μg/ml and they were 34.67 μg/ml and 45.5 μg/ml, respectively. The LC50 values suggest moderate cytotoxicity of the tested samples. The experimental findings could be correlated with the traditional medicinal uses of the seeds of this plant and showed the rational for further investigation which would be required for isolating the possible bioactive constituents responsible for such activities.

61-64.

Authors: Akhi Moni, Mohammad Nazrul Islam, Md Jamal Uddin

Development of root architecture including lateral root formation is a critical event for successful growth of plants. Auxin promotes the production of nitric oxide (NO) in roots, which is required for auxin-mediated root organogenesis. Inhibition of auxin transport reduced phototropin1 (Phot1)-GFP expression at the basal and central part of LRs, indicating role of auxin in Phot1 expression in lateral roots. However, the involvement of auxin-mediated NO on Phot1 expression in LR growth and development yet to be explored. This review gives an insight that auxin-mediated NO may lead to LR growth and development through interacting with Phot1.

07-10

Authors: Akhi Moni and Md Jamal uddin

Inflammation is associated with the progression of a variety of diseases. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) tolerance is recognized to reduce proinflammatory responses. Heme oxygenase1 (HO1) and tristetraprolin (TTP) are induced by LPS tolerance and mediate the anti-inflammatory effects. However, it was not clear whether two molecules are linked in LPS tolerance. In this study, we sought to determine whether HO1 associates with TTP to mediate the anti-inflammatory effects of LPS tolerance. LPS treatment significantly increased mRNA and protein level of HO1 and TTP in a time dependant fashion while LPS significantly decreased mRNA and protein level of TNFα in Raw264.7 macrophages. LPS tolerance inhibited TNFα mRNA and protein while HO1 and TTP level was still increased. In HO1 deficient macrophages, LPS tolerance failed to attenuate TNFα mRNA expression but TTP level was still decreased. Our results suggest that HO1 and TTP are functionally linked in mediating anti-inflammatory effects of LPS tolerance. This novel LPS tolerance-HO1-TTP signaling pathway provides new possibilities for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.

17-24

Authors: Md Masud Parvez, Nazia Kaisar, Jae-Gook Shin

Drug-drug interactions is one of the major determinant in drug development and clinical applications. Individual differences in pharmacokinetics may cause extensive variability in drug efficacy, toxicity and adverse drug reactions, and represent a major concern in drug development. According to world health organization, an estimated 1.2 million patients were diagnosed with HIV/TB coinfection in 2015, and approximately 400,000 coinfected individuals were died in 2016. During treatment of tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfections, a combination of multiple therapeutic drugs is used, which is potential for interactions between coadministered drugs. Drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters plays vital role in the disposition, pharmacokinetics as well as efficacy and toxicity of many antituberculosis (anti-TB) and antiretroviral (ARVs) drugs. The current understanding of drug-drug interactions involving the first-line antituberculosis and antiretroviral (ARVs) drugs are reviewed and summarized in this article emphasizing the role of drug transporters and metabolic enzymes. It is found that several clinical drug-interactions are caused by the phase I and II metabolic enzymes (cytochrome-P-450s, CYPs, UDP-glucuronosyltransferases, UGTs) and uptake/ efflux transporters, particularly permeability glycoprotein, brest cancer resistance protein, multidrug resistance protein and solute carrier transporters). Overall, this study will be helpful to understand the drug-interactions between the ARV or anti-TB drug regimen or with concomitantly used drugs at a glance. By understanding the unique functions and characteristics of enzymes and transporters, it may use in the management of drug interactions in the treatment of HIV and TB.