International Journal of Research and Review

5-9

Authors: Manoharan A, Venkatraman Janarthanam, Rakesh Srivastava, S Sowmya, N Gandhi

Background: Dengue fever has become the major public health problem caused by arboviral infection of humans which leads to thrombocytopenia in severe cases. The transfusion of platelets is indicated for the prophylaxis and treatment of haemorrhage in patients with thrombocytopenia. However, some patients do not achieve the appropriate platelet count increment following transfusion. Hence studying the efficacy of platelet transfusion by calculating Corrected count increment(CCI) and platelet percentage recovery(PPR) provides adequate knowledge and usage of platelets in life saving. Aim: To assess the effectiveness of platelet transfusion in dengue fever. Materials and methods: Post transfusion platelet parameters are compared with Pre transfusion parameters. The values of Platelet count, CCI and PPR are calculated. Results: Out of 44 serologically diagnosed dengue cases who received platelet transfusion only 34 (77.3%) patients showed good response whereas 10 (22.7%) patients with bleeding manifestations, hyperpyrexia showed poor response to platelet transfusion or refractoriness. Conclusion: Platelet transfusion did not prevent development of severe bleeding or shorten time to cessation of bleeding. Therefore, platelet transfusion should not be routinely done in the management of dengue fever. The identification of cause for non responders and treatment gives good outcome, instead of increasing the number of units of transfusion. In doing so extraneous usage of platelet transfusion can be avoided. Therefore, assessing the effectiveness of platelet transfusion can be emphasized in transfusion therapy for the development of specific guidelines for the optimal utilization of platelets.

16-22

Authors: Neha Garg, P. C. Jha

Background: Soft tissue tumors (STT) are very rare in general population. They are always a challenging lesion for the pathologist to diagnose due to the wide morphological overlapping and the biological heterogeneity. Role of Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) as a diagnostic tool for the suspected soft tissue mass is a matter of debate due to the conflicting observations reported in the literature world-wide. Methods: We conducted this study on 89 patients to compute the diagnostic accuracy of the FNAC procedure as compared to the gold standard technique i.e. histopathological examination of the biopsied tissue. Results: In this study we found that malignant and benign cases constituted 67.41% and 21.34% of all the cases. Malignant cases were most common in the age-group of 20-40 years and benign cases were common in the age-group of 40-60 years. Overall, the lower extremity was the most common site of involvement by STTs, followed by trunk and upper extremity. The most commonly diagnosed tumor was spindle cell type with slight predilection for males. The accuracy rate was of 92.40% for the nature of lesion (benignancy Vs malignancy) with sensitivity, specificity of 95% and 84.21% respectively, which was statistically significant (p<0.0001). The cytological diagnosis of 7.50% cases was found discordant with histopathological diagnosis. Conclusion: FNAC proved to be a good diagnostic tool for diagnosing STTs and must be always considered as complementary tool for diagnosing suspected soft tissue mass, especially in healthcare set-up that has minimal access to the advanced diagnostic procedures.

31-36

Authors: S. Sivakumar, Vijay Augustin Jayabal

1.1 Background: Splenectomy is the surgical removal of the spleen, traditionally accomplished by one large commonly left subcostal or a left upper paramedian incision. The use of smaller incisions with laparoscopic techniques leads to less pain after surgery, less time spent in the hospital and quicker return to the work. Morbidity, mortality, hospital stay, operative time, blood loss, time to oral fluid intake, postoperative pain and complication, were analysed and overall outcome of the laparoscopic splenectomy were observed for a series of haematological cases for whom splenectomy is indicated. 1.2 Methods: Retrospective review of 25 patients who had undergone elective splenectomies between April 2012 and May 2015 were included. Preoperative evaluation was done by haematologist. General anesthesia was given for all patients. Most laparoscopic splenectomise were performed in right lateral position. Local infiltration with 0.5% bupivacaine was given at trocar and port site at the end of the surgery. Intravenous Fentanyl and tramadol were used for post operative pain relief. 1.3 RESULTS : The mean operating time was 74 minutes (range 45min to 90min) in LS alone cases;. The overall mean estimated blood loss was 159.3 ml (range: 50ml to 500ml. The mean hospital stay was 4.83 days (range: 3to12 days). All patients were ambulatory and started oral feeding on first post-operative day. Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary complication were nil. Mortality was nil in this series. Pain intensity and analgesic (opioids) consumption were less during post-operative period. 1.4 Conclusion :In conclusion LS is a technically difficult but feasible procedure that could be performed safely in carefully selected patients, with adequate optimization and skilled surgical and anesthesiologist team even in a small setting with limited resources, with efficacy morbidity and mortality rates similar to those of traditional splenectomy for the same indications.

43-47

Authors: Prempati Mayanlambam, Akoijam Mamata Devi

Background: Basic Life Support (BLS) includes recognition of signs of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA), heart attack, stroke and foreign-body airway obstruction (FBAO); cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR); and defibrillation with an automated external defibrillator (AED). It is very important that every person in the community know about Basic Life Support to save lives and improve the quality of community health. At least the doctors, nursing and paramedical staff are expected to know about it, as they are frequently facing life threatening situations and the knowledge of BLS will be definitely useful. Objective: To assess the existing level of knowledge and practice of B Sc nursing students on BLS. To develop and validate planned teaching program (PTP) on knowledge and practice regarding BLS. To determine the effectiveness of PTP in terms of gaining knowledge and practice scores. Design/setting/participants: Quasi experimental designs. A total of 40 subjects were chosen for the study. The instrument used to generate necessary data was structured questionnaire for knowledge assessment and observation checklist for practice assessment). Results: The mean score of pre- test knowledge score of experimental group was 24.65 and post test mean score was 35.5. The median of pre- test and post- test knowledge score of experimental group i.e. 24 and 35 shows difference. The standard deviation of pre- test knowledge score was 1.87 shows difference in comparison to post- test score i.e. 2.27. The T. Value of post- test and post- test knowledge score was 7.08.The mean difference of post- test practice score of experiment group and control group was 4.95.The standard deviation difference of post- test practice score of experiment group and control group was 0.9.The standard error mean difference of pre- test and post- test practice score was 0.14.The T. Value of pre- test and post- test practice score was 5.84.Indicating that level of knowledge and practice of experimental group increase as compared to control group. Conclusions: Findings indicate that PTP given on knowledge and practice regarding BLS was effective.

65-72

Authors: Medona Mary R, Nirmala T

Mosquitoes act as the major vectors for many human diseases. More recently the incidence of chikungunya is increasing steadily in different parts of Tamil Nadu has also been reported on a regular basis. Due to the insecticidal contamination of the environment and to the physiological and behavioral resistance of vectors, increasing attention is now being focused on biological control methods. Crude plant extracts are more cost effective in community based control programs and may be employed in localized situations where mosquitoes have become tolerant to synthetic or microbial larvicides. Five different plant extracts were Allium sativum (Garlic bulb extract), pongamia pinnata (pongam oil extract) Madhuca indica (Illuppai oil extract), Azadirachta Indica (Neem oil extract), Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi Leaf extract) were selected and tested against early fourth instars larvae of Ae.aegypti and probit analysis was made to calculate the Lc50 and Lc90 values. The larvae of Ae. aegypti treated with five different plant extracts and the toxicity (Lc50 and Lc90) of the larvae showed a remarkable variations. The five different plant extracts showed an effective larvicidal activity against Ae.aegypti. Among the five plant extracts tested, Allium sativum was more effective than the other plant extracts. Ocimum sanctum has least larvicidal effect when compared with the four plant extracts. Therefore judicious application of the above plant extracts in the breeding medium will reduce the population of Aedes aegypti in an ecofriendly manner and in turn it reduces the incidence of chikungunya and various dreadful diseases in an ecofriendly manner.

77-80

Authors: Sunil J. Kulkarni

One of the most important factors that contribute to the cost of manufacturing sector is energy. Electricity and fossil fuels are most used energy resources. These sources are depleting day by day. The research in energy sector is concentrated on use of non conventional and novel energy sources. Also the efficient use of available energy is very important area of research. Fuel cells can be used for energy generation from biowaste and other materials. Many investigators have carried out research on different types of fuel cells with different materials. The current review summarizes studies and research carried out on fuel cells.

86-89

Authors: Nwosu A

Due to the crime rates in our society and the poor dissemination of information sharing in combating crime, one is forced to look for alternative ways of crime prevention, detection, convection of criminals depending on a highly responsive backbone of an information management. The efficiency of the police and the effectiveness with which it tackles crime depend on what quality of information it can derive from its existing records and how fast it can have access to it. This model was implemented as a web –based system using ASP.NET as front end SQL server as back end easing the effort of user.

100-103

Authors: Savitri Singh, Sumit Giri, Saloni Gupta, Priyanka Chadha, Aparna Khandelwal, Jitendra Singh Nigam

Eosinophilic cholecystitis (EC) is a rare and poorly understood entity first described in 1949. It may be defined as an inflammatory condition of gall bladder in which the transmural inflammatory infiltrate predominantly comprises of eosinophils that clearly overshadows the presence of any other inflammatory cell component. The etiology of EC is unclear, but suggested factors include eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome, allergies parasitic infestations, drug intake and local diathesis involving gallstones, parasites, acalculous cholecystitis, hyper eosinophilic syndrome (HES) and eosinophilic gastroenteritis (EGE). We report a case of a 50 year old female who presented with complaints of abdominal pain and tenderness in the right upper quadrant. Ultrasonography of the abdomen showed a distended gallbladder with multiple calculi. All the relevant laboratory investigations were within normal limits. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was done under general anaesthesia. Histopathologic examination of the gallbladder showed numerous eosinophils comprising more than 90% of the inflammatory infiltrate in mucosa and lamina propria. In the absence of any apparent etiology after detailed workup of our case we considered it as one of idiopathic EC with cholelithiasis. Histopathology remains the mainstay for diagnosis of EC as there is no specific clinical/ radiological presentation. Though the treatment of choice for EC is cholecystectomy the patient must be evaluated meticulously to rule out other associated diseases which may have a worse prognosis than chronic cholecystitis itself.

536-545

Authors: Ayesha Akter, Sajib Talukder, Tahmina Akter, Munjuri Akter, Mohammad Jasim Uddin

The experiment was conducted to study the damage assessment and effect of different neem products for the management of rice weevil (Sitophilus oryzae L.) in stored rice grain during the period from July to December 2013. Stored husked and unhusked rice of BR 27 were used as the experimental materials. The experiment consists of the treatments: T1: Neem leaves dust 10 gm/kg of stored rice grains; T2: Neem seed kernel dusts @ 10 gm/kg of stored rice grains; T3: Neem leaves extract @ 10 ml/kg of stored rice grains; T4: Neem oil 5 ml/kg of stored rice grains and T5: Untreated control. The experiment was laid out in the ambient condition of the laboratory following in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). In case of unhusked rice, the highest mortality (100.00%) was observed in T4 treatment, while the lowest 5.25% mortality was recorded in T5 treatment. For husked rice, the highest mortality (100.00%) was observed in T4, while the lowest mortality (9.00%) was recorded in T5 treatment. At 1st generation for unhusked rice, in weight basis, the highest infestation was recorded from T5 (9.49%) treatment while the lowest in T4 (1.32) and for husked rice, the highest infestation was recorded from T5 (10.68%), while the lowest in T4 (2.79%) treatment. On the other hand, by number basis in unhusked rice, the highest infestation was found from T5 (11.57%), while the lowest in T4 (2.47%) treatment and for husked rice, the highest infestation was found from T5 (14.72%) while the lowest in T4 (3.86%) treatment. At 1st generation, for unhusked rice, the highest weight loss was found in T5 (18.21%), while the lowest was found in T4 (3.89%) treatment and for husked rice grain, the highest weight loss was recorded in T5 (21.45%), whereas the lowest was observed in T4 (4.38%) treatment. In case of repellency effect for unhusked rice, after 5 hours of treatment application the highest repellency rate was found from T4 and T3 (100.00%), whereas the lowest repellency rate (80.00%) was recorded in T1 treatment. In case of repellency effect for husked rice, after 5 hours of treatment application the highest repellency rate was found from T4 and T3 (100.00%) treatments which was followed by T1 and T2 (90.00%) treatments. Among the neem products neem oil 5 ml/kg of stored rice grains was more effective for controlling rice weevil. Key words: Rice, rice weevil, storage, neem product and management.

551-554

Authors: Pintu Sil

Anxiety is a psychological condition which changes the internal state of the body. During competition of games and sports the anxiety level is increased and might influence the performance of an athlete. The purpose of the study was to study the competition anxiety of National level basketball players and to find out the difference in competition anxiety level among the players played for different position. A total of 62 national level basketball players within the age of 15-19 years were selected randomly as subject for this study. Positional competition anxiety was studied by measuring the competition anxiety of players who played in different position and bear separate responsibility in basketball match. Competition anxiety level was the criterion measure in this study. Competition anxiety was measured by Illinois Competition Anxiety Test Questionnaire (1977) Mean and standard deviation was used as descriptive statistics and coefficient of correlation was calculated by product moment method. All calculations were done by the standard statistical procedure. Only 0.05 level of significance was considered for the present study. Result revealed higher anxiety level for defensive position basketball player than feeder position and offence position. Lowest was found for feeder position. However, the significance of difference of competition anxiety for different position player in basketball was calculated by ANOVA and result revealed that difference was not statistically significant. From above findings it was concluded that there was no significant difference in the competition anxiety for different position player in basketball. Key words: Basketball players, Competition anxiety, Position of play, National level.

562-573

Authors: Alhassan Usman Gabi, Hazel Monica Matias-Peralta

Rock pools occur everywhere in the world and are geo-morphologically similar because they originated from weathering and erosion although vary in surface and depth. Interestingly, rare species are found as rock pool communities, which have never been recorded from open water. Temporary fresh water support invertebrate communities ranging from the complex, with many species to those that support only one or two species. The high variability in environmental condition connected with relatively unpredicted flooding regime limit for specialized species with high tolerance to stress and specific feature for surviving the dry phase. The differences in number of rocks and pools together with sampling intensity of individual pool may probably explain part of the variation in recorded diversity. Indeed, it is an established fact that the rock pools biotas are fully dependent on length and abundance of inundation and for that, the active communities will reflect the current climatic conditions. Temperature, Dissolved oxygen and pH are vital to the survival of many temporary water species as it provides essential indications that regulate the timing of life cycles, flight periodicities and colonization dynamics. Freshwater ecosystem served as an important asset for man and habitation for an extraordinary rich, endemic and sensitive species. Increase in human demand on these ecosystems results to large and rising threats to biodiversity and for that recording diminishes of biodiversity, identifying their causes, and finding solutions have become necessity in freshwater ecosystem. Keywords: Plankton, diversity, conservation and freshwater rock pools.

579-583

Authors: Sunil J. Kulkarni

Leaching is one of the major unit operations used in mining sector. Leaching is extraction of the component from solids by using a solvent. The solvent preferably removes certain component. Leaching finds application in recovery of various valuable metals. Microbial leaching is gaining importance for recovery of metals from waste. It also plays important role in agriculture. It is always desirable to avoid the leaching of valuable components of soil through run offs. Various investigators have carried out research on various aspects of leaching. This review paper summarizes studies and research on various aspects of leaching. Key words: mining, bioleaching, recovery, metals, temperature, concentration.

590-592

Authors: Felix Nayak

Perhaps, no other single work of fiction has made such a momentous impact in Indian English Literature in recent years as Arundhati Roy’s The God of Small Things. She is one of the few Indian English writers actively interested in contemporary socio-political issues which are amply evidenced in a number of articles, interviews and books she wrote on various topics in recent years. The God of small things is about several themes - one of the chief issues it brings into focus is the family and social mechanism evolved over centuries in traditional Indian society to suppress woman and her independence as a human being. Key Words: Fiction, God of Small Things, Socio-political Issues.

487-491

Authors: Pat Minér

This paper reports a proposal to examine the factor of sex in salt passage. Eighty undergraduates (40 males, 40 females) complete questionnaire with snacks and drinks on hand and a salt shaker and a pepper shaker on the table. They are asked by another male or female who is ostensibly also completing questionnaire, but who is actually a confederate of the experimenter, to pass the salt or pepper. It is anticipated that all participants comply, but would be slower to respond to pepper than to salt and to someone of the same sex compared to someone of the sex opposite. Response times would be slowest when a male asked a male to pass the pepper. Implications for similarity theory and attraction theory are discussed and suggestions are made for the future research.Key words: sex differences, salt and pepper passage.

498-503

Authors: Pintu Sil

Most popular two sports in India are football and cricket. Two spectacular and highly competitive sports tournament are organized every year in India. For football it is I-League and for cricket it is known as IPL (Indian Premier League). In both tournaments national and international players are participated. Most of the people of India and abroad watched and enjoyed these sports every year. Purpose of the present study was to analyze the print media coverage for these two top most important sports tournament of India. Two most circulated newspapers, one from Bengali and another from English published from Kolkata metropolitan city ware considered for the present study. The print coverage of total days covered for completion of two sports event was considered to collected data. Area of news coverage (ANC) and area of pictorial coverage (APC) were the criterion measure for the present study. Simple geometric scale was used to measure the size of the news coverage. Mean and standard deviation were considered as descriptive statistics and difference between mean was analyzed by t-test. Significance of difference was judged considering only 0.05 level of confidence. All statistical calculations were done using standard statistical software. Result revealed that mean value for ANC and APC coverage was much higher for IPL (1567.29 cm2 & 398.34 cm2) than the mean value of ANC and APC for I-League (394.38 cm2 & 81.16 cm2). Same difference was observed both in Bengali and English news paper also. Result revealed that higher print media coverage in the form of news (ANC) and picture (APC) for IPL (t=15.79) than I-League (t=10.59) was significant statistically (p<0.05). It was concluded that the print media published significantly more news and picture in favour of IPL than I-League which indirectly indicated that cricket was the more popular and publicly accepted sports than football in present India. Key Words: News coverage, Pictorial coverage, Print media, I-League, IPL.

508-512

Authors: Sunil J. Kulkarni, Pallavi M. Kherde

Effluent treatment can be carried out by various biological, physical and chemical methods. Physical treatment techniques are used for removal of coarser materials from the water followed by biological and chemical treatments. Removal of many organic matters is generally carried out by biological methods. Biological treatment can be either attached growth or suspended growth. The selection of biological treatment depends on quality of effluent and the percentage removal required. Biological treatments are also used for selective removal of many heavy metals, phosphorous and other pollutants. The current review summarizes the research and advancements in biological treatments. Key words: organic matter, heavy metals, percentage removal, activated sludge process.

518-526

Authors: Islam S.S. Mchenga, Abdalla I. Ali

The existence of mangrove forests is jeopardized by the increase in population pressure, agricultural, industrial and urban development, climate change and weak forest management capacity that negatively affected the status of mangroves worldwide. The present review paper provides information on the status of mangrove forests in Zanzibar Island, to inform managers and decision makers on their management and sustainable use of its resources. The extent and distribution of mangrove ecosystem indicates that the mangrove growing stock of the main Islands of Unguja has declined drastically when compared to that of Pemba. Changes in mangrove composition were driven by a combination of rise in sea level, environmental changes and anthropogenic interaction. This review argues for the importance of regular climate change monitoring, mangrove eco-physiological studies and genetic materials which are crucial in providing a basis for the ecological restoration and management of mangrove ecosystem. Key Words: biodiversity; conservation, degradation, mangroves, restoration, Zanzibar.

398-405

Authors: H. E. M. Khairul Mazed, Israt jahan Irin, Mohammad Khairul Kabir Mollah, Syed Tarik Mahabub, Rashed Reza

A field experiment was conducted at the Agronomy research field of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, during the period from November 2013 to March 2014 to study the response of sowing time and seed treatment on growth, yield and quality seed production of chickpea. The experiment comprised as two factors: sowing date - 3 times: 1st sowing date: 19th November - S1, 2nd sowing date: 29th November - S2 and 3rd sowing date: 9th December - S3 and seed treatment with gibrallic acid (GA3) - 5 levels: GA3 75 ppm - T1,GA3 150 ppm - T2, GA3 225 ppm - T3, GA3 300 ppm - T4 andhydro-priming - T5. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications.The treatment combination on maximum plant height and dry matter content recorded of plant in S2T3 irrespective of growing period. This combination also exhibited maximum number of pods plant-1, longest pod length and maximum number of seed pod-1, where as required minimum duration for pod maturity. The maximum weight of 1000 seed, height grain yield, harvest index and also maximum found germination percentage and vigor index were found. When chickpea was shown on 29th November and treated with 225 ppm GA3then ensure the best result.

415-422

Authors: Akkur Chandra Das

Maternal Health refers to the health of women during pregnancy, childbirth and post partum period and maternal health status of a nation can be characterized by numerous factors, such as outcome measures like maternal mortality and morbidity rates, or maternal nutrition status, as well as process indicators of service availability and use. In developing countries of the world, still maternal mortality is very concerning issue. The aim of this study is to find out the overall scenario of rural maternal health status in Bangladesh. This is a non-experimental study. High education and income status increase higher level of antenatal, delivery and postnatal care services but the situations are very much distinct among the respondents who have lower education and income status and it has found by this study that the poor women face low birth weight 46.3%, unsafe abortion 57.7%, high obstructed labor 76%, hemorrhage 20%, eclampsia 8.3%, sepsis 13.7%, unskilled birth attendance 86% and no emergency obstetric care services 78.3%. Keywords: Maternal Mortality, Maternal Health, Postpartum Hemorrhage, Emergency Obstetric Care, Non-experimental study, Poor rural women.

428-433

Authors: Vikrant Kaushal, Sandeep Sharma, Sidharth Srivastava

Thriving youth population has placed many countries vouching for India as an imminent global power. The precondition to attain such a stature requires substantial contribution from young minds of the country that constitutes the major fragment of its billion plus population. A well informed, motivated and capable individual is fascinated by the idea of self-sufficient, independent and inspiring existence. Such an entity is likely to consider self-employment rather than working for others. More jobs are thus created by such endeavours reinforcing the economic foundation of the country, as a whole strengthening the claims of becoming superior in years ahead. This has led to the curiosity among industries, government and academics to assess the motivation of young minds towards initiating self-owned enterprises. Countries that have encouraged entrepreneurial ventures are in present times economically strong and motivate several other developing countries that wish to choose the path to prosperity of their people. This study aims to uncover attitudes toward entrepreneurial initiations and motivations of students at an important stage of their academic life, which is during their post-graduation. Sample from a newly established university under the Central Universities Act 2009 based in Dharamshala as its temporary academic location has been collected. The sample has been drawn from the students pursuing post-graduation programs in the university. The study attempted to determine the awareness and willingness of students to become entrepreneurs after the completion of post-graduation studies, revealing their motivations toward becoming business starters. This research is significant not only for the institutions of higher education preparing students to take up leading roles in various areas, but also for the policy makers and observers from different industries keen on developing entrepreneurial talent.

450-454

Authors: Pintu Sil

Exercises have beneficial effect on health and well being. Purpose of the study was to compare the health status of young women who have participated exercise and physical activities regularly with the young women who were sedentary in nature. A total of fifty subjects (N=50) have been selected randomly for the present study of which 25 were actively participated in regular exercise and 25 were sedentary in nature. The age of the subject was in between 21 to 30 years. Body weight, BMI, Cardio Vascular Efficiency and Reaction time were the criterion measured of the study. BMI was calculated by measuring height and weight with the universal equation [BMI=Weight (Kg)/Height (m) 2]. Queens College Teat was used to measure cardiovascular efficiency. Visual Reaction Time (VRT) was measured by Nelson hand reaction test. Mean and Standard deviation were used as descriptive statistics and t-test was done to find out the difference between two group means. Only 0.05 level of significance was considered in this study. All calculation was done by standard statistical software. Result revealed that active young women have lower mean value of body weight and BMI than sedentary women. The mean difference of body weight (t=4.19) and BMI (t=4.02) between two groups of women was statistically significant (p<0.05). The mean value of CVE was higher in active women group than sedentary women and this difference of mean was statistically significant (t=2.75; p<0.05). The lower mean value of reaction time for active group than sedentary group represented their superior fitness status but the difference was not significant statistically (t=1.37; p>0.05). From the above findings it was concluded that active women have superior health status in respect of body weight, BMI and CVE. Lower value of reaction time also indicated that active women possessed higher fitness and they were healthier than sedentary young women. Findings proved that regular participation in exercise is much more helpful to attain better health in young women. Key Words: Exercise effect, Health and Fitness, Young Women, Active and Sedentary

461-464

Authors: Malay Saha

Most of Eliot's readers look upon his protagonists as somewhat lost in the mire of materialism and sexual passion, swinging in between decision and indecision and groping in utter hopelessness. The belief is so firm that they look upon Eliot as a pessimistic poet and his protagonists as 'hollowmen'- spectres, invalid people or people cut off from the spring of life. Apparently, those characters being lifeless and inactive invent various psychological methods of 'projections' and 'defence mechanisms' to face the tribulations of life. But what we fail to take into account is the fact that those 'projections' and 'defence mechanisms' are kinds of reality checks that are practical and pragmatic and does not merely reveal the pessimistic mind-set of the people. Key Words: Psychological, projections, defence mechanisms, pessimism, hope.

476-480

Authors: Ntegereze Peter

The business of insurance is sustained by a complex system of risk analysis and this analysis involves anticipating the likelihood of a particular loss and charging enough in premiums to guarantee that insured losses can be paid and this is afforded by statistics to be used to determine what risk an insured poses to an insurance company, what percentage of policies is likely to pay out, and how much money a company can expect to pay out in claims. In this paper we highlighted the role of statistics in insurance business for instance to introduce and develop new products, statistics play a role in evaluating sample and collateral information. Linear regression models are essential tools in finding risk factors for premiums calculations. Time series methods are used in various ways to predict trends, and simulation methods are crucial to understanding the many models considered for anything from new products to revisions in rating schemes. Frankly speaking, many insurance business activities can be accomplished with statistics including deciding a new location, marketing the product, and estimating what the profit will be on a new product and so forth that is why we underline the irreplaceable role of statistics in all stages of insurance business. Keywords: Insurance, Statistics and Role of Insurance Statistics.

301-306

Authors: Alak Barman, Abu Habib Md. Abdullah, Arman Hossen, Md. Asrafuzzaman, Kbd. Md. Habibur Rahman

The study was conducted at the Horticultural Farm of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period from May 2013 to February, 2014. The experiment consisted three levels of mulch: M0 - control, M1 -Rice straw mulch and M2 - water hyacinth mulch. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with five replications. Application of different mulches showed significant variations on most of the parameters. The highest yield of spike (3,46,290/ha) was found from M2 and the lowest (3,07,140 /ha) from M0. So, water hyacinth mulch was found suitable for growth and yield of tuberose. Key word: Tuberose, mulching materials, growth and yield.

311-323

Authors: Ntegereze Peter

The agricultural sector is vital in economies of all countries all over the world, not only that agriculture sector provides food stuffs but also inputs to manufacturing sector and outputs to consumers and in all spheres at large. The agriculture sector contributes about 40% of worldwide employment and a 100% food production increase will be required in developing countries to feed the 2050 population, investment in agriculture sector is critical for driving global economic growth. The aim of this paper: The aim of the research was to investigate the contribution of agriculture finance in boosting agricultural yield in Gakenke district of Rwanda. Materials and methods: Data were collected using android mobile phone with application designed for data collection as the best quicker tool superior to paper based. A number of 66 respondents were selected proceeding snowball technique from two sectors of Gakenke district sampled by multistage sampling procedure with two stages, this method was employed due to it reduces cost and lessen the impossibility of getting list of respondents units. Results: Findings revealed a positive relationship between agriculture finance and agricultural yield whereby analysis of data showed that after acquiring agriculture credits, agricultural yield was tripled compared to the production before acquiring credits to invest in agriculture activities. Conclusion: In nutshell, as findings pointed out a positive relationship between agriculture finance and agricultural yield with a tremendous increase in agriculture yield than ever before investing in agriculture activities. The research recommended sensitization and encouragement to invest in agriculture activities to keep boosting agricultural yield and maintain welfare of farmers and nation at large. Keywords: Agriculture finance, Agriculture yield, Boosting agricultural yield.

330-336

Authors: B.Alex, D.VenkataRamana

In this paper investigations on a fixed speed wind farm with squirrel cage induction generators (SCIG) directly connected to the grid in combination with a STATCOM based Indirect Torque Control (ITC) under unbalanced grid voltage fault are given by means of theory and simulations and also different kinds of control methods are discussed. Under unbalanced grid voltage dips causes additional generator torque oscillations. The simulation results clarify the effect of voltage compensation by a STATCOM on the operation of a SCIG wind farm which inference the improvement of voltage stability and reduction of torque oscillation. Keywords: Voltage Stability, SCIG, Wind farm, low voltage Capability, STATCOM, Indirect Torque Control (ITC).

343-347

Authors: Loum Janani, Kanwezi Henry, Kamalha Edwine

In this study, parameters for photocatalytic oxidation of reactive blue dye with zinc oxide as photo catalyst was optimized. Dye solution (10 mg/l) was used to contact with the zinc oxide catalyst under UV light at various reaction conditions viz; contact time; pH; and catalyst dose. The degradation of the dye was followed by measurement of absorbance of the solution using a UV Spectrophotometer adjusted at a maximum wavelength (λmax) of 629 nm with distilled water as the blank. The optimum conditions established for degradation were; catalyst dose of 5.0 g/l, a neutral pH of solution at 7.0, and contact time of 180 minutes (3.0 hours). Keywords: photocatalytic, oxidation, photocatalyst, degradation, reactive blue dye.

355-364

Authors: Ladan Momeni, Arshin Rezazadeh

NoC is a scalable and flexible communication medium for the design of multi-core based SoC. Communication performance of NoC depends seriously on efficient routing algorithms. Fault-tolerant routing algorithm is the ability to survive failure of individual components. We evaluated a deterministic fault-tolerant, deadlock-free routing algorithm in two-dimensional (2D) mesh based topology on Fault-Tolerant-Routing (FTR) to increase performance of the messages over the on-chip interconnection networks. The FTR algorithm is a wormhole-switched routing for 2-D mesh networks and has been used for block faults. This algorithm uses virtual channels to pass faulty regions. We have evaluated the FTR algorithm by two different traffic patterns, hotspot and local, to show message delays and performance in the network which led to an Improved-Fault-Tolerant-Algorithm (i-FTR). Moreover, to simulate FTR and i-FTR algorithms, same network conditions namely network size, message length and number of generated messages has been considered. It can be deduced from results that i-FTR performance is better compared to FTR algorithm. Furthermore, results show that the interconnection network of NoC which has been used for i-FTR can deal with higher message rates and can tolerate higher traffic loads with higher utilization. Keywords: routing algorithm; wormhole switching; 2D-mesh interconnection networks; virtual channel

372-378

Authors: W.G. S. Konarasinghe, N. R. Abeynayake, L.H.P.Gunaratne

Scientific forecasting plays a vital role in financial markets for many decades. Forecasting methods of financial market were broadly classified into fundamental analysis and technical analysis. Fundamental analysis involves analyzing economic and firm specific factors while technical analysis is concerned with the price movements and trading volume in the market. Both approaches have been applied in forecasting share prices and stock returns. However, only a limited number of studies have been done on Sri Lankan share market. Existing forecasts made mainly based on Capital Asset Pricing Model has been proved unreliable in the Sri Lankan context. This study aimed to test the suitability of linear models, non-linear models and univariate causal models for forecasting share prices based on the data during 1994-2011 on randomly selected three banks listed in Colombo Stock Exchange (CSE). Findings suggest that univariate causal models were the most suitable in forecasting share prices of individual companies listed in CSE.

383-387

Authors: S. Manikandan, P. Srimathi

The study was conducted at Department of Seed Science and Technology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore during the period from July to October, 2007 to find out the effects of rainfall on physiological seed quality of grain amaranthus (Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.) cv. Suvarna. The results revealed that, grain amaranthus crop should be sown from early sowing in Kharif season harvesting higher seed yield with physiological seed quality. Between the crops, Kharif season was better than late sowing as the seeds would be exposed to rain and the rain discolored the seed and reduced its physiological seed quality of grain amaranthus.