The Journal of Community Health Management

5-12

Authors: Sanat Kumar Sharma,, SC Mohapatra

Objective: The objective of the study is to evaluate the impact of HIV/AIDS information on the status of behavioral change brought. HIV/AIDS is spreading in discriminating rate among students. Method: A total of 250 male and female students were interviewed using snow ball sampling technique. A questionnaire was used to collect data. Results: Electronic communications-Radio, television, internet and print media- newspapers and magazine, were point out as information materials in local language (Amharic). The participants had good knowledge 45.7%, 81.4%, and 66.3%, of the cases mentioned homosexual practice, infected blood transfusion, and common use of sharp materials as major modes of transmission. Conclusion: Preparatiion of materiialls diid not consiider characteriistiics / qualliitiies whiich are peculliiar to students.. Most partiiciipants had good awareness.. However,, iinformatiion coulld not assurance a change iin behaviior for partiiciipants of this study.. Most of the cases,, fiielld of study and year llevell of partiiciipants have a controll on the degree of behaviiorall change brought..

17-21

Authors: Priya Keshari, Hari Shankar

Hypertension has emerged as the most prevalent silent killer and serious public health issue. It is recognized to be disease which is consequence of poor dietary habits and lack of physical activity. Hence this study is attempted to know the risk factors that may cause of high blood pressure. Objective: To assess the behavioural risk factors related to hypertension. Material and Method: A cross sectional study was conducted and 155 study subjects > 40 years of age group were screened. Structured schedule was used for data collection. Two independent BP readings were taken in sitting position by visiting each participant at their home. Percentage, proportion and chi square test were applied to find out statistical significance. Result: The overall prevalence of hypertension was found 24.5% while out of 155 respondents 25.4% male and 23.8% female were found to be hypertensive.31.2% hypertensive were aged 60 years and above.27.3% hypertensive subjects were belonged upper class. Subjects chewing any type of tobacco found to be more (27.3%) hypertensive. Subjects with high BMI (23.7%) obese were found hypertensive. Conclusion: Present study concluded that physical activity with hypertension was found to be statistically significant. Increased trend of hypertension with increasing age was observed but it was statistically not significant.

29-32

Authors: SC Mohapatra, A Mohapatra

Research question: What are the patterns, perception and determinants of the health seeking behavior of the patients attending the out-patient department (OPD) of Primary Health Centres (PHC) Objectives: (a) To determine the common motivators for the OPD attendees to come to the PHC for health services, (b) To estimate the number of days of suffering the patients endure for the current morbidity before they attend the OPD of the studied PHCs for the first time.(c)To identify the health care set-ups the study subjects had visited before attending the OPD of the studied PHCs for the first time. Study design: Cross-sectional study. Study location: Districts Varanasi and Sonbhadra, Uttar Pradesh Material and methods: Post-consultation exit-polls were conducted with the OPD attendees of 30 PHCs (includes mother and additional PHCs) of districts Varanasi and Sonbhadra on randomly selected working days over a period of 6 months using a semi-structured questionnaire. A total of 21422 patients were interviewed. Results: Majority (52.3%) stated either proximity of the PHC to their homes or cheaper costs of treatment or both as the main reason why they visited the PHC OPD. About 40% of the PHC attendance was formed by people who had the disease onset within the past 3 days. Sixty percent of the patients had come directly to the PHC for consultation without going elsewhere or trying any self-medication. Around 50% of the patients were found happy with the OPD services. Conclusion: The health seeking behavior patterns and determinants have not changed much over the years. Demand for care and availability of services seemingly form mutually dependent parameters. Thus, these should not be studied in exclusion.

43-46

Authors: Janmejay Pradhan, Ravi Ranjan & Anjali Samal

Automation Trust is created when human operator interacts with machines. It is more obvious when machines work in automation more. Operators interact and at times machines fails to take decision on their own and require human intervention. Reaction Time (RT) acts a predictor of trust. This paper has tried to study the relationship between trust and reaction in two conditions i.e. 90% reliability condition and 25% reliability condition. The result reveals that, there is a high RT in former condition vis-à-vis latter condition.

51-55

Authors: Seema Singh

The Journal of Community Health Management is a peer reviewed journal and an official publication of Innovative Publications. The journal publishes papers, original research articles, editorials on Preventive Medicine, Community Health, Health Management, Health Statistics, Biostatics, Nutrition, Epidemiology and Health Services Research. All correspondence to the Journal be made to the Chief Editor, The Journal of Community Health Management (JCHM).

6-11

Authors: Sitaram Gupta, Pankaj Kumar Gupta, Surendra Singh Sekhawat.

Background: India along with other developing countries experienced a significant rise in the population of elderly owe to better health care services and improved living conditions. This is been accompanied with several socioeconomic and health related problems including physical disabilities. This study was aimed - To know the relationship of physical disability with gender and morbidity status of elderly individuals. Methodology: This was community based cross sectional study done at Udairamsar (Rural health training center under department of community medicine). Study was conducted with 382 elderly. Current morbidities of these were assessed by asking for prescription and investigations done at site. Physical disability was assessed using “Rapid disability rating scale-2” Results: Out of 382 elderly 46.85% were males, rest were female. 230 elderly belongs to 60-69yrs age group, 121 from 70-79yrs and 31 from 80 years and above age group. Nearly 75% elderly were having one or more morbidities (77.33% among women and 71.515 among men). Average number of morbidities per elderly was 2.25. The mean disability score of study population was found to be (31.48 + 3.7), females were having higher MDS (28.6 + 3.5) than males (34.01 + 4.1) which was found statistically significant. MDS among elderly having none, 1-2, 3-4 and >4 morbidities was 24.76 + 3.5, 29.15 + 4.2, 33.41 + 4.3 and 42.05 + 5.8 respectively. This difference was found to statistically significant (P <.05).

17-22

Authors: Ravi Shankar, A. Mohapatra and SC Mohapatra.

Background: Old age is a significant phase in person's life. Good health in this phase of life is the pre- requisite to good "Quality of life" and adequate nutrition is key to good health. The prevalence of chronic disease and functional disabilities including nutrition related problems increase steadily with the ageing. Ageing is associated with predictable changes in physiology and function, income, health and psychological well being with the potential impact on diet and nutrition status of the elderly. Objective: The specific objective of this study was to carry out dietary and an anthropometric assessment of the respondents for their nutritional profile. Methods- In order to assess the nutritional status of the elderly people, a field based cross sectional study was carried out in two selected villages in Rural Field Practice Area in Varanasi district of Uttar Pradesh. Two hundred forty individuals were included in the study. Anthropometric used and indices computed were as per standard technique. Results: The majority of study subjects {71.24%) had energy intake below the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) by ICMR. Almost all elderly individuals (98.75%) consumed iron in amount less than recommended dietary allowance (RDA). In all, 50% of the elderly people had BMI < 18.5 and these subjects were suffering from chronic energy deficiency (CED). Significantly higher percentage of individuals' ≥70 years of age. (59.21%) had chronic energy deficiency than those between 60-69 years (45.12%) [c2=4.17,df=1 p<0.02,]. Only 3.3% of elderly individuals were obese and had BMI >25. Chronic energy deficiency increases significantly with lowering of socio economic status [c2=32.82,df=2 p<0.001]. Conclusion: There was wide spread under nutrition in the study subjects with half of them suffering from varying degree of chronic energy deficiency. The Severity of CED increased with advancement of age. Energy intake was marginally less than RDA among the elderly population.

30-35

Authors: Pragya Singh, SC Mohapatra, Hari Shankar.

The school age population forms one fifth of the India’ population, the future segment of the country. Malnutrition is still highly prevalent in developing countries. School children may also be at high nutritional risk, not only under-five children. However, their nutritional status is poorly documented, particularly in urban areas. The paucity of information hinders the development of relevant nutrition programs for schoolchildren. Therefore it is important to monitor and assess the nutritional and health status of this group and fortunately this group is easily accessible for nutrition monitoring and evaluation. Research Question: - What is the mean nutritional status of school going children Objective: 1.To assesses the magnitude of malnutrition in primary school children using anthropometry 2.To determine adequacy of dietary intake of school children Study design: Cross-sectional survey. Setting: Government primary schools in urban area of Varanasi Participants: Primary school children. Statistical Analysis: Percentage and proportion. Results: Out of 100 surveyed children, more than half were girls and 46% were male. The study shows that 72 % children belonged to nuclear family and rest was joint family. Majority of the children mother’s were educated up to 5th class level (36%).Study revealed that 13% children ate only one meal per day, while more than two third children ate more than one time,17% children did not take milk at all. In our study more than 2/3 rd children were found to be malnourished. Increasing trend of Mild and moderate malnutrition with increasing age was observed in both age groups, 6-7 year and7-8 year respectively. While decreasing trend of severe grade malnutrition was found in my study. Over all severe malnutrition was found to be(19%). Severe stunting did not find in age group 6-7 year children. Protein consumption in all age group was less than RDA, although it was not remarkable increase with the increasing age from 6 years to 12 years. In the age group of 8-9 years it was just 50% of the RDA and after that comparatively decreases with age in relation to RDA. The trend shows slightly higher consumption of protein in female 20.36gm./d (mean) than male 18.87gm/d (mean). .Fat intake was almost equal in all age groups Carbohydrates content in the diet of the school going children was less than the requirement in all age groups

46-49

Authors: Deepak Pippal,Y Sabde, Manjusha Pippal.

Knowledge, attitude and practice studies have lost their academic importance, since inspite of millions of KAP studies nothing is being contributed to the science (Mohapatra, 1992). However, it is expected that most Indian women, during their pregnancy, want a male child and therefore go for sex determination. The present study was therefore, undertaken to find out as to what the women know and what they do in order to justify their desire of offspring. A total of 350 female were enrolled in study over a period of month. The mean age of women was 29.04 ± 6.26 yrs (minimum age-20 yrs, maximum age 50 yrs). It was observed that about 21% women desire more male children than girls, while 4% women need only male children. Thus the male child preference of women amounts to 25% of women under observation. Study reveals that women who was in antenatal state showed significantly higher interest in fetal sex determination ( c2 = 27.008, df = 2, p<0.001).

56-66

Authors: Naveen Kumar Mishra, Meghkanta Mohapatra.

The Journal of Community Health Management is a peer reviewed journal and an official publication of Innovative Publications. The journal publishes papers, original research articles, editorials on Preventive Medicine, Community Health, Health Management, Health Statistics, Biostatics, Nutrition, Epidemiology and Health Services Research. All correspondence to the Journal be made to the Chief Editor, The Journal of Community Health Management (JCHM).