Science and Transport Progress

27-35

Authors: V. I. Shcheka

Purpose. Еlectromagnetic processes in «contact network-rails-earth»system should be researched for the purpose of electromagnetic compatibility rail circuits with traction power supply system providing and improving traffic safety on railway transport. Methodology. The methods of scientific analysis, mathematical modeling, experimental investigation, scale modeling have been applied to achieve this goal. Findings. Conducted theoretical and experimental investigations, indicate that electromagnetic processes in the «contact network-rails-earth» system in nearest zone in frequency range up to 1 MHz and it give us an opportunity to consider, that electromagnetic field of hindrance consists of two components: electric and magnetic. Each of them has its own mechanism to influence the rail circuits. In consequence of research the theoretical and experimental dependences of electromotive force induced in wire-receiver from the hindrance current frequency have been received. The frequency graph of relative error according to data «theory-experiment» has been received. The adequacy by Wilcoxon criterion of mathematical model to experimental data has been proved. Originality. The results of theoretical and experimental investigations of magnetic influence between two contours gives us a concurrence in frequency range up to 1000 Hz with average relative error 2, 33 %. With hindrance current frequency one can observe certain increasing the average relative error between calculated and measured values of electromotive force induced in the wire-receiver. Practical value. The adequacy by Wilcoxon criterion of mathematical model to experimental data has been proved on significance level 5 %. It gives an opportunity to use this mathematical apparatus for the investigation of electromagnetic processes in lines with plenty of wires and in «contact network-rails-earth»system in range up to 1000 Hz. The obtained results can be useful in designing, researching and providing electromagnetic compatibility of rail circuits with traction power supply system.

45-57

Authors: D. M. Kozachenko, A. I. Verlan, O. V. Horbova

Purpose.This article aims to improve the evaluation of irregularity of freight transport and calculated volumes determination of work for railway stations and sidings of industrial enterprises. Methodology. The methods of mathematical statistics are used as research methods for estimation of calculated volumes of traffic and loaded traffic, in particular, the methods of time series analysis; the methods of mathematical modeling are used to evaluate the calculated volumes of empty traffic. Findings. Calculated volumes of the main-line and industrial railway stations activity are determined according to the monthly and daily irregularity. Monthly irregularity is proposed to evaluate against the trend of the indicator over the last 3-5 years, constructed using the method of weighted moving average. The 30-day period in the previous year with the largest total amount of work is proposed to use as the calculation period for the assessment of daily irregularity. The computation size of empty traffic volumes is proposed to be determined on the basis of loaded traffic volumes with the probability matrix of cars usage for dual operations. The proposed method is verified by the work volume calculation for the year 2014 according to previous time periods. The test results showed that the proposed method as compared with traditional one provides higher stability of the results when changing time periods, used for analysis, as well as a more accurate assessment of the calculated volumes of work. Originality. Authors have improved determination methods for the calculated volumes of work to railway stations through the using time series analysis methods. Practical value. The proposed methodology allows assessing more accurately the prospective volumes of work and, through this, reduce the amount of capital expenditures associated with the development of stations and operating costs associated with their operation. The method can be used to improve the governing and methodological documents regulating the design and development of technological processes of the main-line and industrial railway stations.

77-87

Authors: O. O. Matusevych

Purpose. The study provides the methods and models development of reducing damages of traction energy systems (TES) at electrified railways of Ukraine. Definition the indicator of preventing damage evaluation TES at electrified railways is necessary. Paper is aimed to search the modern methods and approaches to improve the system of TES monitoring, diagnosis and maintenance. Methodology. To achieve this purpose a study of foreign experience and publications that focus on problem-solving quality of TES using a linguistic approach based on the theory of fuzzy multiple numbers and linguistic variable were done. Findings. In result of research an algorithm to reduce TPS damages which operates under uncertainty was developed. It is found that the solution of this problem is possible by timely detection of actual technical condition of equipment in terms of quality maintenance, diagnostics and update resource of electrical equipment traction substations (TS) power supply TES. The study examined the fuzzy inference scheme, which is based on the use of mechanisms to minimize the area of decision-making. It contributes not only to structural identification in the process of developing a database, but also can significantly improve the efficiency of finding the parameters of fuzzy model, which in turn reduces the efforts that are necessary for the analysis and the design of effective control systems maintenance and repair (M and R) TES. Originality. For the first time the algorithm of reduction the damage of traction energy system of electrified railways of Ukraine was offered. The mathematical model of reduction the damage calculation of TES from TP power equipment failures by improving system maintenance (M and P) was developed. Firstly evaluation index was proposed to prevent the damage of traction energy system. Practical value. The article describes the fuzzy inference scheme, which is based on the use of the mechanism to minimize the area of decision-making and contributes not only to structural identification in the process of developing a database, but also can significantly improve the performance of determining the parameters of fuzzy model. Implementation of this approach comes to the determination of the main stages, features and optimal justification of quantitative and qualitative requirements for system M and R of TS. It will be done with allowable costs for improvements to reduce TPS damage and address the equipment of traction substations in working condition in terms of growth rates and volumes aging (compared to the current speed and volume of updates).

97-106

Authors: K. O. Soroka, D. A. Lychov

Purpose. The calculation methods improvement of the electric vehicle curve movement and the cost of electricity with the aim of performance and accuracy of calculations improving are considered in the paper. Methodology. The method is based upon the general principles of mathematical simulation, when a conceptual model of problem domain is created and then a mathematic model is formulated according to the conceptual model. Development of an improved conceptual model of electric vehicles motion is proposed and a corresponding mathematical model is studied. Findings. The authors proposed model in which the vehicle considers as a system of interacting point-like particles with defined interactions under the influence of external forces. As a mathematical model the Euler-Lagrange equation of the second kind is used. Conservative and dissipative forces affecting the system dynamics are considered. Equations for calculating motion of electric vehicles with taking into account the energy consumption are proposed. Originality. In the paper the conceptual model of motion for electric vehicles with distributed masses has been developed as a system of interacting point-like particles. In the easiest case the system has only one degree of freedom. The mathematical model is based on Lagrange equations. The shown approach allows a detailed and physically based description of the electric vehicles dynamics. The derived motion equations for public electric transport are substantially more precise than the equations recommended in textbooks and the reference documentation. The motion equations and energy consumption calculations for transportation of one passenger with a trolleybus are developed. It is shown that the energy consumption depends on the data of vehicle and can increase when the manload is above the certain level. Practical value. The authors received the equations of motion and labour costs in the calculations focused on the use of computer methods of numerical integration. The calculation expenses are reduced. The accuracy is improved; provided possibility to consider different parameters influencing the motion. A certain environmental effect can be achieved by orientation calculation methods for the practical development of the process charts of the movement of electric vehicle funds in different operating conditions at a constant change of filling the interior of the vehicle.

118-128

Authors: D. M. Kurhan

Purpose. On the basis of theoretical assumptions and experimental studies the paper provides the choice of the factors for the formation of dynamic load on the track of modern rolling stock in the conditions of high-speed. This results in a calculation method of determining a vertical force which acts on the wheels on the rails. Methodology. The current trend of development of transport networks is the introduction to Ukrainian railways speed, and in the future – high-speed, passenger trains. Fundamental structural changes in these trains, and a significant increase in speed results in a need to revise the calculation methods of action of rolling stock on the railway track, the ratio of the standard deviations of various dynamic forces, assess the impact of different factors for different speeds. In the work investigated the change in the dynamic load on the results of experimental measurements. Findings. The dependences of the average and the calculated forces on the speed of modern passenger trains were obtained. Using factor analysis of variance obtained numerical characteristics of the influence of different factors on the value of the vertical force acts on the wheel rail and the degrees of influence of various factors on its deformation were determined. Based on the results of experimental and theoretical research, the necessity of revising the methodology for determining the estimated power for practical calculations the way to strength in terms of passenger trains at high speeds was grounded. Originality. On the basis of theoretical research and analysis of statistical data of experimental measurements it was found that the main factor driving the dynamic vertical force component for modern passenger trains are the vibrations of the «wheel-rail» system or so-called «dynamic wheel passing the rough ways». Practical value. Existing methods of calculating the dynamic component of the vertical forces need such indicators as the reduced mass of the way. The obtained results in the study indicate that a parameter is artificial and can only be used for low speeds at the level of static calculation schemes.

137-144

Authors: I. A. Vakulenko, Yu. L. Nadezhdin, V. A. Sokyrko, Xu Xiao Hai

Purpose. It is determining the nature of the ferrite grain size influence of low-carbon alloy steel on the speed propagation of acoustic vibrations. Methodology. The material for the research served a steel sheet of thickness 1.4 mm. Steel type H18T1 had a content of chemical elements within grade composition: 0, 12 % C, 17, 5 % Cr, 1 % Mn, 1, 1 % Ni, 0, 85 % Si, 0, 9 % Ti. The specified steel belongs to the semiferritic class of the accepted classification. The structural state of the metal for the study was obtained by cold plastic deformation by rolling at a reduction in the size range of 20-30 % and subsequent recrystallization annealing at 740 – 750 ° C. Different degrees of cold plastic deformation was obtained by pre-selection of the initial strip thickness so that after a desired amount of rolling reduction receives the same final thickness. The microstructure was observed under a light microscope, the ferrite grain size was determined using a quantitative metallographic technique. The using of X-ray structural analysis techniques allowed determining the level of second-order distortion of the crystal latitude of the ferrite. The speed propagation of acoustic vibrations was measured using a special device such as an ISP-12 with a working frequency of pulses 1.024 kHz. As the characteristic of strength used the hardness was evaluated by the Brinell’s method. Findings. With increasing of ferrite grain size the hardness of the steel is reduced. In the case of constant structural state of metal, reducing the size of the ferrite grains is accompanied by a natural increasing of the phase distortion. The dependence of the speed propagation of acoustic vibrations up and down the rolling direction of the ferrite grain size remained unchanged and reports directly proportional correlation. Originality. On the basis of studies to determine the direct impact of the proportional nature of the ferrite grain size on the rate of propagation of sound vibrations in the low-carbon alloy steel. The directly proportional nature of influence of ferrite grain size on the speed propagation of acoustic vibrations in low-carbon alloy steel on the basis of the conducted researches is defined. The paper is shown that at increasing in the size of the recrystallized ferrite grain the degree of influence the texture from the previous cold plastic deformation by rolling increases. Practical value. The received results on nature determination of influence of ferrite grain size on the speed propagation of acoustic vibrations can be the useful by development of techniques of non-destructive testing of metal materials quality. The special value the specified technique of measurement acquires in the conditions of line production of metal constructions.

162-175

Authors: V. M. Bohomaz

Purpose. A drive behaves to the basic elements of scoop band elevators. To determine the drive power calculations are carried out according to standard methods, which take plenty of time. It is necessary to conduct the analysis of influence of project characteristics on the parameters of high-speed drive in a scoop bent elevator and to build the improved algorithm of speed-up determination of its drive power on project descriptions, that will take into account the type of load, rise height, necessary productivity, standard parameters of scoops and tape. Methodology. Using parametric dependences of elevators drive power on its project characteristics, received by the author earlier, the improved algorithm of speed-up determination of elevators high-speed drive power with deep and shallow scoops at set type of load, productivity, rise height was offered. Findings. The algorithm of drive power speed-up determination of high-speed vertical elevators with deep and shallow scoops depending on project parameters was offered. The example of such algorithm application is considered for an elevator that is intended for transporting of cement. Analytical dependences of drive power of such elevator are determined on the productivity and rise height. Corresponding graphic dependences were built and character of drive power changes during the size changing of any project characteristics was determined. Originality. The improved algorithm of drive power elevator determination at the given project characteristics (type of load, rise height, productivity) that takes into account standard sizes, parameters of scoops and ribbons, was built at first time. Practical value. The use of an offered algorithm of calculation gives the possibility of relatively fast determination of reference value of high-speed elevators drive power with deep and shallow scoops, to build graphic dependences of drive power on the values of the productivity and rise height at the certain type of load, that assists the quality selection of his basic elements at certain project descriptions, such algorithm gives an opportunity to save time on calculations in the process of elevators planning.

186-198

Authors: S. V. Myamlin, N. Yu. Naumenko, O. M. Markova, H. M. Kovtun, V. V. Maliy

Purpose. The paper is devoted to dynamic characteristics evaluation of the locomotive with prospective design and determination the feasibility of its use on the Ukrainian railways. Methodology. The methods of mathematical and computer modeling of the dynamics of railway vehicles, as well as methods for the numerical integration of systems of ordinary nonlinear differential equations were used to solve the problem. Findings. The calculated diagram of a locomotive on three-axle bogies was built to solve the problem, and it is a system of rigid bodies connected by various elements of rheology. The mathematical model of the locomotive movement, allowing studying its spatial vibrations at driving on straight and curved sections of the track with random irregularities in plan and profile was developed with use of this calculated diagram. At compiling the mathematical model took into account both geometric (nonlinearity profile of the wheel roll surface) and physical nonlinearity of the system (the work forces of dry friction, nonlinearity characteristics of interaction forces between wheels and rails). The multivariate calculations, which allowed assessing the dynamic qualities of the locomotive at its movement along straight and curved sections of the track, were realized with the use of computer modeling. The smoothness movement indicators of the locomotive in horizontal and vertical planes, frame strength, coefficients of vertical dynamics in the first and second stages of the suspension, the load factor of resistance against the derailment of the wheel from the rail were determined at the period of research. In addition, a comparison of the obtained results with similar characteristics is widely used on the Ukrainian railways in six-axle locomotive TE 116. The influence of speed and technical state of the track on the locomotive traffic safety was determined.Originality. A mathematical model of the spatial movement of a six-axle locomotive with prospective design, taking into account the peculiarities of its design was developed. Evaluation of dynamic characteristics at the carriage movement along a track of arbitrary shape was made. Practical value. The developed mathematical model of the six-axle locomotive movement can be used at conducting research on development of advanced locomotives designs.

208-214

Authors: K. M. Pererva

Purpose. This paper is a study of innovative methods of learning and teaching English with the help of Internet resources and students motivation to seek the necessary information at homework. Methodology. The main principle of the Web-Quest as a type of English language teaching is to motivate students. For example, by participation in the Web-Quest students, who were unsure of their knowledge, become more confident. Having clear goals and objectives, using computer skills, motivated young people more actively acts as a confident user of English. Findings. According to the technology of We-Quests students were asked to create one or more projects directly related to the successful execution of the work. It is a significant result of all the hard work of students, and it is the subject of evaluation. Evaluation is an essential component of Web-Quest or any other project, and from this point of view, the criteria should be clear and accessible to students from the very beginning. These instructions can and should be changed in order to differentiate and provide an oral presentation and written work. Originality. Basically, Web-Quests are mini-projects in which a higher percentage of the material obtained from the Internet. They can be created by teachers or students, depending on the type of training work. The author detailed the increase of possibilities in the search of Internet projects with other creative types of student work. They may include: review of the literature, essay writing, discussion of read works and other. Practical value. The paper confirmed that the roles and tasks, reflecting the real world, invites to cooperate, stimulate and train the thinking process at a higher level. That is why the use of Web-Quests can improve the language skills of the educational process (reading for information extraction, detailed reading, negotiations, oral and written communication, and other).

39-57

Authors: S. Yu. Buryak, V. I. Gavrilyuk, O. O. Hololobova, M. O. Kovryhin

Purpose. Development and implementation the points system diagnostics that would allow determining remotely the current state of turnout with all possible faults, gradual and sudden failures, damages, and in real time to report about their appearance. Methodology. State diagnostics on the values analysis of turnout main parameters is proposed to carry out with the help of a computer and analog-to-digital converter (ADC). Connecting measurements performance is advisable to produce to a shunt ammeter, installed in the working circuit of the point feed panel. ADC converts the analog signal of lost volts at the shunt into digital form and transmits it to a computer which stores the received data on its own recording medium for their further processing and storage. There is special software that is capable to reconnect signal and construct its temporal characteristic as well as decompose it on the spectral components. Using it one can analyze the obtained data, which allows diagnosing state of points upon change the nature, values and composition of the current curve. Findings. The computer diagnosis method was confirmed in practice for possible indications of problems that are associated with both the mechanical part of the turnout and the electrical part of it, while controlling parameters such as the amount of current normal transition, when working on frictions, the duration of the transition, properly adjusted headset and attachment points, the state of the motor. Originality. The use of computer technology in the diagnosis of the state of turnouts during their operation to monitor the current values of technical indicators, analysis and storage for all types of electric switches with different types of engines both DC and AC occurs through digitization and recording signal from measuring shunt of point feeder panel. Practical value. The proposed method enables timely, still in the early stages of defect parts, damages or failures of nodes mechanisms to detect and eliminate them. In addition, it reduces the load on the electrical engineers during schedule maintenance. The introduction of a diagnostic analysis of the turnout using computer technology will allow defining the appearance of faults in the early stages of their formation and preventing development the difficult avoidable damages or necessity for their complete replacement.

65-76

Authors: T. I. Rusakova

Purpose. The paper examines the question of creation a mathematical apparatus for estimation the ecological situation in case of accidents on township roads (explosions). First of all the development of numerical model to calculate the level of air pollution in the emission of toxic chemical, taking into account meteorological parameters of the environment. Identifying areas where the maximum allowable concentration of this pollutant (in this case, ammonia) is exceeded and favorable areas for the population. Methodology. The developed method of numerical calculation of the air pollution concentration in case of toxic chemical (ammonia) was used, which is based on the coordinated decision of the hydrodynamic task and task of the pollutants transfer in the atmosphere. Hydrodynamic solution is based on the method of discrete vortices with the different geometry of buildings and their relative position, and solution of the task about transfer the pollutant is based on convection-diffusion equation of pollutant transfer using implicit difference schemes. Findings. Several computational experiments were made on the base of the developed numerical model.As a result of the calculations the vortex structures were obtained, which are formed in the flow around buildings; the velocity field of the wind flow around buildings and picture of the streamlines in the flow were come out; the concentration of the toxic chemical (ammonia) in research domain was calculated; the comparative analysis with the maximum permissible concentration (MPC) for this pollutant were made; the regularities of changing the ammonia concentration from different sides of the building were determined. Originality. A numerical model that allows visually reconstructing and analyzing the flow pattern, the presence of dead zones, areas of reverse flow at different geometry of buildings and their relative position that influences the distribution of pollutant in the atmosphere was calculated. Practical value. The obtained results will allow evaluating the level toxic shock to persons in case of accidents (explosions) on township roads with taking into account the influence of the buildings geometry on the hydrodynamic flow structure and dispersion of pollution.

88-96

Authors: T. V. Butko, O. M. Horobchenko

Purpose. The efficiency and safety of locomotive control improving is important and relevant scientific and practical problem. Every driver during the trains-handling bases on his experience and knowledge, that is why the compilation and detection the most efficient ways to control the locomotive-handling is one of the stages of measures development to reduce transportation costs. The purpose of this paper is a formalization process description of locomotive-handling and quality parameters determination of this process. Methodology. In order to achieve this goal the theory of fuzzy probabilistic graphs was used. Vertices of the graph correspond to the events start and end operations at train-handling. The graph arcs describe operations on train-handling. Graph consists of thirteen peaks corresponding to the main control actions of the engine-driver. The weighting factors of transitions between vertices are assigned by fuzzy numbers. Their values were obtained by expert estimates. Fuzzy probabilities and transition time are presented as numbers with trapezoidal membership function. Findings. Using successive merging of parallel arcs, loops and vertices elimination, the equivalent fuzzy graph of train-handling and the corresponding L-matrix were obtained. Equivalent graph takes into account separately activity of the driver during normal operation and during emergency situations. Originality. The theoretical foundations of describing process formalization in driver’s locomotive-handling activity were developed using the fuzzy probabilistic graph. The parameters characterizing the decision-making process of engineer were obtained. Practical value. With the resulting model it is possible to estimate the available reserves for the quality improvement of locomotive-handling. Reduction in the time for decision-making will lead to the approximation the current mode of control to the rational one and decrease costs of hauling operations. And reduction in the time for the emergency situations identifying will lead to the traffic safety increasing through the implementation of measures of early response to danger.

105-115

Authors: D. M. Kozachenko, M. I. Berezovyi, V. O. Balanov, V. V. Zhuravel

Purpose. The article is devoted to the development of estimation methods of time reserves that should be formed at the train schedule and the schedule for the turnover of freight trains, required to ensure the sustained interaction of technological processes of industrial enterprises and railways for the transportation of freight on schedule. Methodology. The paper considers the issues of bulk conveyance organization between industrial enterprises on schedule. In order to ensure the arrival of trains at the destination station to the specified time, the schedules of rolling stocks turnover must have some time reserves. These reserves, in their turn, should be sufficient for correction action of destabilizing factors. The methods of mathematical statistics were used to study the schedule performance quality of separate trains. Currently the movement of the main part of freight trains is performed on preparedness and occupation processes of separate schedule train paths by some depots are not fixed. Therefore, the analyses of the schedule performance of freight trains do not allow receiving the material for research. And, due to the lack of statistical material on the punctuality of the schedule for the movement of freight trains, research of the passenger trains movement with subsequent dissemination of results on freight movement were carried out by the authors. Findings. The research proved that the trains arrival at the destination station according to the schedule should be ensured by permissible rating of delay as well as increase the operating time of trains and running intervals. The values of the additional time reserves that should be included in the schedule of trains, and the schedule for the turnover of freight trains to provide conditional interaction of railroads and industrial enterprises in Ukraine were proposed. Originality. On the basis of the research development graph methods of trains turnover, providing transportation of goods on schedule were improved. Practical value. The obtained results can be used for the technical-and-economic calculations of transition effectiveness of industrial enterprises for maintenance on schedule as well as in the development of schedule on the initial stages of testing technology.

129-135

Authors: V. V. Mikhailenko, S. A. Аbdulaiev, V. V. Ernst, V. V. Chupak

Purpose. This work is directed on study of the electromagnetic processes in electric circuits with semiconductor commutators. It is necessary to develop the new mathematical models of functions determination and algorithmic equations for analysis of formed and transition processes in electric circuits of the variable structure. To research the mathematical models with semiconductor commutators and sections, in which sine, constant and pulsed voltages appear. Methodology. The mathematical model of the semiconductor converter with electromechanical load was created for achievement the purpose in view. It is shown that appearance of nonlinear element complicates powerfully the problems of the calculation and studies appearing in circuits of the electromagnetic processes. The most complications appear in circuits of the variable structure, in which sine, constant and pulsed current arise under the action of appropriete voltages. Findings. The new mathematical models of the electromagnetic processes were designed in three-phase electric circuit of the semiconductor converters with multiserver zoned regulation of phase voltages (without losses in semiconductor commutators) for quick estimation the load parameters influence on level and form of the output voltage. Originality. The method of multi-parameter functions was developed. The last are included in algorithmic equations for analysis of formed and transition processes in network with semiconductor commutators and reactive elements, in the considerations direction of phase to neutral voltages usage in the power circuit. It is motivated that use of the multi-parameter modulating functions method in electric circuit of variable structures is expedient if in their sections there are not more than three independent reactive elements. The new mathematical model of formed and transition processes in electric circuits of the semiconductor converters, modulation type with multiserver zoned use of phase to neutral voltages in three-phase network of the power supply was developed. At that energy loss in commutators were not taken into account. Such mathematical model was created for quick estimation the influence of parameters load on controlled features of sine and constant voltages. Practical value. New scheme technical solutions of semiconductor commutators with high-frequency impulse relative time regulation of output voltage when change parameters load in a wide range were created. It has allowed raising the speed of the electro technological systems. The increase in speed methods of regulation and determinations the energy efficient mode parameters of semiconductor commutators of the electro technological systems were developed. The new methods of analyzes of formed and transition processes in electric circuits of semiconductor converters, modulation type with constant output voltages and with miscellaneous types of modulating influence.

146-156

Authors: N. P. Nastechik, I. O. Bondarenko, R. V. Marcul

Purpose. To date, there is a tendency for the implementation of high-speed trains on the territory of the Ukrainian Railways, which requires increasing the strength and stability of the construction of the railway track. At the same time requirements for intermediate rail fastening have increased and widened. It is on trackwork and repair of the rail fastening labor costs during the operation are from 10 to 18%. One of the main types of fastening, which after long operational observations was included in the permanent operation (5 th. km.) is an intermediate fastening, type КПП-5. Data from previous theoretical studies reliably prevented clear science-based answers and results of the rail fastening. Therefore, the aim is to develop a methodology and rationale for the theoretical research work of rail fastening, type КПП-5 with a detailed assessment of the appearance of stress state places in its elements from the effects of rolling stock. Methodology. The basis of study methods of theoretical research work of the intermediate rail fastening, type КПП-5 (with a detailed assessment of the state of stress in its intermediate elements from the effects of the rolling stock) is the theory of finite elements method (FEM). Findings. Using the FEM it was found that one of the main elements of the intermediate rail fastening, which first perceives share of the value of the lateral force transmitted from the effects of rolling stock are elastic type terminals, type КП-5. Analyzing the data set, the bars in the terminal voltages at the inner side of the rail thread 53,1-56% are greater than the stresses on the outside of rail thread. Originality. A mathematical model of railway track with intermediate rail fastening, type КПП-5 under the action of rolling stock for the study of the stress state in the elements of fastening was developed. This mathematical model let take into account the physical and mechanical properties of the test elements and geometrical fixing fastenings as constructive and operational characteristics of the entire rail fastening in general. Practical value. The obtained results in this work of FE simulations allow reflecting and exploring the most likely places of the stress state appearance in the elements of the fastening, type КПП-5, in which damages and defects can be in the future. This in general will affect the operation stability of the railway track as a whole.

168-179

Authors: L. K. Polishchuk, R. D. Iskovych-Lototskyi, O. O. Koval

Purpose. The aim is to study the effects of conditions and duration of working of structures arrows of a clamp-forming machine on mechanical properties of the material and its stress corrosion cracking under tension. It is necessary to improve the accuracy of resources analysis of boom metalwares of lifting and transporting machines. Methodology. Samples for experimental investigations were made of the elements of arrow continued exploited clamp-forming machine where there were major work stress. Centers of greatest efforts in elements of arrows constructions were determined in its 3D model in the analysis of the stress cards by finite element method. Experimental studies were performed at the facility UVP-6, which determined the characteristics of strength and ductility of samples of two types by means of tensile strain, speed 10-5 s-1 and 10-6 s-1 in air and in the environment of synthetic rain. Metallographic studies were performed on a scanning electron microscope. Findings. Experimental studies found that after long-term operation of arrow of clamp-forming machine material of its most loaded elements changed due to characteristics of strength and ductility. At joint action of corrosion environment and the greatest stress on the surface of the material expressions, point defects are appeared. They are concentrators of local mechanical stress, which reduce the resource construction elements of the arrow. Originality. 1. Firstly set patterns of changes in the mechanical properties of continued operated metal construction of arrow of clamp-forming machine made of St. 3; 2. Received further developed methodology for remaining resource estimation continued operated of metal boom lifting and shipping the machine by taking into account joint action vibration and dynamic loads and corrosive environments. Practical value. Determination the residual resource of continued operated boom lifting and transporting metal machines should be carried out taking into account the degradation of the mechanical properties of the material as well as the dynamic nature of the load. The obtained regularities on changes of mechanical properties and stress corrosion cracking under tension of an arrow material will contribute to increase evaluation accuracy of fragility of residual resource of load carrying steel structures. baseline'> in air and in the environment of synthetic rain. Metallographic studies were performed on a scanning electron microscope. Findings. Experimental studies found that after long-term operation of arrow of clamp-forming machine material of its most loaded elements changed due to characteristics of strength and ductility. At joint action of corrosion environment and the greatest stress on the surface of the material expressions, point defects are appeared. They are concentrators of local mechanical stress, which reduce the resource construction elements of the arrow. Originality. 1. Firstly set patterns of changes in the mechanical properties of continued operated metal construction of arrow of clamp-forming machine made of St. 3; 2. Received further developed methodology for remaining resource estimation continued operated of metal boom lifting and shipping the machine by taking into account joint action vibration and dynamic loads and corrosive environments. Practical value.Determination the residual resource of continued operated boom lifting and transporting metal machines should be carried out taking into account the degradation of the mechanical properties of the material as well as the dynamic nature of the load. The obtained regularities on changes of mechanical properties and stress corrosion cracking under tension of an arrow material will contribute to increase evaluation accuracy of fragility of residual resource of load carrying steel structures.

189-206

Authors: V. M. Bohomaz, K. Ts. Hlavatskyi, O. A. Mazur

Purpose. One of basic elements of band bucket elevators is their drive. For determination of power drive it is necessary to conduct calculations on standard by methods, in what it is needed to expend enough time. One of project parameters is productivity of elevator. It is necessary to build parametric dependence of power drive of elevator on its design capacity that takes into account a type and descriptions of load, lifting height, standard sizes and parameters of buckets and tapes. Methodology. Using the method of hauling calculation of band buckets elevators, the parametric dependences of power drive of high-speed elevators are built with deep and shallow buckets from their productivity at fixed type of load and height of getting up. Findings. It is set on the basis of the built parametric dependences that the change function of a size of elevator power from design capacity (at fixed to the lifting height, load type, rate of tape movement) is piecewise and droningly increasing. The intervals of project values of productivity, which provide the permanent size of elevator power drive are certain in a general view. As the example of application of the recived results the construction process of power drive dependence from design capacity of elevator of shotblasting room, which is intended for transporting of the metallic shot using for consolidating of carriage springs, is considered. For concrete type of load and lifting height of such elevator graphic dependence of power drive on productivity was built. Originality. Parametric dependences of elevator power drive on its design capacity were first built, which take into account a type and physical and mechanical descriptions of load, lifting height, standard sizes and parameters of buckets and tapes. Practical value. The use of the built dependences enables in relation to rapid determination of approximate value of power drive of vertical high-speed elevators with deep and shallow buckets on the stage of planning and to execute the high-quality selection of its basic elements at concrete project descriptions: type of load, productivity, lifting height.

222-230

Authors: A. V. Radkevich, V. F. Khudenko, V. M. Glushenko

Purpose. The article aims at analysis of existing approaches towards engineering, construction, reconstruction and major repair of buildings roofing systems and constructions for solving the matters regarding organizational and technological reliability. Methodology. The survey is based on methods of analogy, scientific analysis and synthesis. Findings. The analysis of innovative technologies as well as new construction materials for roofing has been carried out. Problems regarding their organizational and technological reliability have been specified. Relevance of the given problems has been grounded. Correlation between reliability of constructed facility or roofing repair from thoroughly chosen technology and also construction process organization in general was determined. All the specifications influencing roofing organizational and technological reliability have been divided into primary and secondary. New methodic conception including all the constituents of roofing in the whole has been worked out. Ukrainian and European specification documents have been taking into account. Roofing organizational and technological reliability scheme considering the factors that form reliability has been suggested. An urgent need for creation of roofing model taking into consideration the innovative technologies and latest roofing materials for choosing its rational variant has been emerged. It has to meet both customers and specification documents requirements and also desired level of organizational and technological reliability. Originality. For the first time the notion of «organizational and technological reliability» has been applied to roofing. Fundamental investigation of this notion has been suggested. Roofing reliability dependence on all its components as a whole has been analyzed. New approach towards roofing problems solving conception has been developed. Practical value. The survey results may be applied at roofing engineering and construction organizations activity analysis. Investigation results have practical value in roofing with desired reliability engineering.

15-22

Authors: O. M. Pshinko, V. G. Kuznetsov, M. V. Shaptala, D. E. Shaptala

Purpose. Efficient use of natural energy resources is one of the priorities of the state policy in the sphere of universities and institutions of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine. Besides search and development the new efficient and clean energy systems it is necessary to implement optimal management of the development and operation of existing facilities, reducing their energy costs. Purpose of this work is to develop consumption volume technology of electricity and heat by scientific departments of Dnipropetrovsk National University of Railway Transport named after Academician V. Lazaryan (DNURT) for further finding the ways to reduce energy consumption. The problem is due to the specifics of University’s energy scheme. There is a difficulty for the installation of energy meters and data acquisition about their use in individual branches and structural units. At the same time it is impossible to assess qualitatively the energy position of scientific departments. Methodology. The method to determine the electricity and heat consumption for space heating of scientific departments at the university is based on «The intersectoral rules of electricity and heat energy for institutions and public sector organizations in Ukraine» and «Codes and regulations on rationing of fuel and heat energy for heating the residential buildings as well as for economic needs in Ukraine». Findings. Developed determining expenditure technology of electricity and heat for heating by scientific departments at the DNURT named after Academician V. Lazaryan allows obtaining data on energy consumption in individual units without direct measure and analyzing the effectiveness of energy saving technologies. Originality. It is represented by energy costs in the form of two components and these components are defined on the basis of the energy audit. This enables the energy inputs to implement energy efficiency measures in the research departments of the university. Practical value. The developed method can be used as practical tools to monitor energy consumption in the above mentioned university and in similar facilities.

35-42

Authors: M. I. Mishchenko

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to develop a one- and two-element model of the fees calculation for the use of track infrastructure of Ukrainian railway transport. Methodology. On the basis of this one can consider that when planning the planned preventive track repair works and the amount of depreciation charges the guiding criterion is not the amount of progress it is the operating life of the track infrastructure facilities. The cost of PPTRW is determined on the basis of the following: the classification track repairs; typical technological processes for track repairs; technology based time standards for PPTRW; costs for the work of people, performing the PPTRW, their hourly wage rates according to the Order 98-Ts; the operating cost of machinery; regulated list; norms of expenditures and costs of materials and products (they have the largest share of the costs for repairs); railway rates; average distances for transportation of materials used during repair; standards of general production expenses and the administrative costs. Findings. The models offered in article allow executing the objective account of expenses in travelling facilities for the purpose of calculation of the proved size of indemnification and necessary size of profit, the sufficient enterprises for effective activity of a travelling infrastructure. Originality. The methodological bases of determination the fees (payments) for the use of track infrastructure on one- and two-element base taking into account the experience of railways in the EC countries and the current transport legislation were grounded. Practical value. The article proposes the one- and two-element models of calculating the fees (payments) for the TIF use, accounting the applicable requirements of European transport legislation, which provides the expense compensation and income formation, sufficient for economic incentives of the efficient operation of the TIE of Ukrainian railway transport.

54-61

Authors: V. R. Skalskyi, I. Ya. Dolinska, D. V. Rudavskyy, R. Ya. Yarema, V. R. Bas

Purpose. The problem of determining the residual life of frame bogie elements of locomotives is a great importance for predicting their work safely and avoidance potential failures on the track. This especially concern cases when such elements have creep-fatigue cracks which grow under action of cyclic loading with excerpts T1 in the cycle and reach their critical size. Here the question of the propagation of such defects (cracks) arises, their kinetics and about the period of subcritical cracks growth. The aim is to develop a calculation model for determination the period of subcritical creep-fatigue cracks growth in the bogies frames of electric locomotive. The model takes into account the basic parameters of load, geometry of the construction element and cracks. Methodology. The calculation model for determination the period of subcritical creep-fatigue cracks growth in structural elements of frame under conditions of variable load time has been formulated. It is based on the first law of thermodynamics concerning to mechanics of solids slow fracture at low temperature creep and variable loadings. It is assumed that the period of unsteady creep dominates here (the first section of the creep curve). Low-temperature creep is creep of materials at temperatures T0 < 0,5Tmp, where Tmp − the melting point of the material. Findings. The analytical formula for the determination of the stress intensity factor of truck bolster with technological hole has been obtained. It is shown that by experimentally established constants of the material using the proposed analytical relations can easily determine residual resource of the bogie frame elements. Originality. The new mathematical model for describing the kinetics of creep-fatigue cracks growth in the frames bogies of electric locomotive under variable in time loadings with various time excerpts and on this base the period determination of subcritical crack growth has been proposed. Practical value. Formulated model can serve as a basis for engineering calculation methods to determine the residual life of structural elements with cracks, working on joint action of cyclic loading and unsteady creep.

78-89

Authors: I. O. Bondarenko

Purpose. This article highlightsthe operational cycle modeling of the railway track elements for the development processes study of deformability as the basis of creating a regulatory framework of the track while ensuring the reliability of the railways. Methodology.The basic theory of wave propagation process in describing the interaction of track and rolling stock are used to achieve the goal. Findings. The basic provisions concerning the concept «the operational cycle of the deformation track» were proposed and formulated. The method was set. On its base the algorithm for determining the dynamic effects of the rolling stock on the way was obtained. The basic principles for the calculation schemes of railway track components for process evaluation of the deformability of the way were formulated. An algorithm was developed, which allows getting the field values of stresses, strains and displacements of all points of the track design elements. Based on the fields of stress-strain state of the track, an algorithm to establish the dependence of the process of deformability and the amount of energy expended on the deformability of the track operation was created. Originality.The research of track reliability motivates the development of new models, provides an opportunity to consider it for some developments. There is a need to define the criteria on which the possibility of assessing and forecasting changes in the track states in the course of its operation. The paper proposed the basic principles, methods, algorithms, and the terms relating to the conduct of the study, questions the reliability of the track. Practical value. Analytical models, used to determine the parameters of strength and stability of tracks, fully meet its objectives, but cannot be applied to determine the parameters of track reliability. One of the main factors of impossibility to apply these models is a quasi-dynamic approach. Therefore, as a rule, not only one dynamic process of the railway track is prepared and assayed, but also its consequences. In addition, such models are flat, that also adds some complexity to compare the results with the experiment, since the process is not easy to distinguish the bulk of its limited influence in parts. The application of numerical methods extends the capabilities, and makes it impossible to consider the dynamic process, because it is impossible to introduce the processes that govern the response to the load. Therefore, the proposed modeling makes it possible to examine directly the dynamic process and evaluate the process due to the new criterion, the operational cycle of the strain gauge.

100-112

Authors: N. A. Grischenko

Purpose. The dependence analysis of structural changes in the metal of railway wheels and tires from indicated influences in operation, for the further development of strategy of service reliability growth. Methodology. Test materials are the details selected from railway wheels which were taken out of operation beforehand because of various damages. Micro-structural researches were made with the use of light microscope Epiquant and electron microscope. The sizing of structural elements was done by using the methods of quantitative metallography. Findings. Over the past few decades the rapid development of industry was supported by the steady growth of intensity of using railway transport. In this case simultaneous increase of load at wheel set axle, with the increase of speed was accompanied by natural increase of the amount of cases of premature wheels and tires’ withdrawing out of operation. Railway wheel, except the formation of metal layer at rolling surface with the high defects concentration of crystal structure and first of all dislocations, falls under thermal influence from interaction with break blocks. The nature of joint influence (cold deformation and heating) on the metal rim of a wheel is conditioned by the appearance of sufficiently high gradients of structural changes that can be considered as the influence on the level of internal residual stresses. In case of the rise of volume part of carbide phase at a constant ferrite grain size, it is achieved only by the increasing of dislocation nucleation sources without changing the number of annihilation positions. In this case the accumulation of dislocations at the initial stages of plastic deformation (in metal volume in front of delta arm crack) will lead to the formation of cementite globes around certain interlocked dislocation density. In contrast the sharp increase of deformation hardening carbon steel parameters is observed. Originality. During the braking of locomotive the speed rise of metal heating at rolling surface is provided with the increase of temperatures that is enough for the beginning of phase transformations. Under the further cooling there is the formation of a number of structures formed from sliding to diffusive mechanisms. As a result the chosen areas become the centers of future metal deformations on wheels’ rolling surface and tires. Practical value. Based on the study of patterns of damages’ formation in railway wheels and tires from the peculiarities of internal metal structure and the working conditions «Classifier of defects» was developed аnd «Technical tips for determination of causes of cracks in solid-rolled railway wheels and destruction in general», which have been implemented on Ukrzaliznytsia.

122-128

Authors: Z. M. Gasanov

Purpose. Profit and profitability of any, including transport enterprises are the main economic indicators of the enterprise effectiveness. These indicators reflect the results and successful performance of the enterprise. On the other hand the enterprise effectiveness in the long term, assurance of rapid development and competitiveness is largely determined by the level of investment activity and the range of investment activity. The purpose of this study is the feasibility of the method to determine optimal investments volume for improving these or others (selectable by the management) principal economic indicators of the enterprise effectiveness. Methodology. The basis of the proposed methodology for determining the optimal investments volume is the theory of optimal control, in particular, the procedure of dynamic programming since a managed development process of the enterprise is a multiple stage. This procedure, using a phased plan, allows not only simplifying the solution of optimization problems, but also solving those, which are impossible to apply the methods of mathematical analysis. Findings. The expediency of performing the calculations to determine the optimal investments volume to ensure high rates of enterprise development was proved, it is a key to the effectiveness of the enterprise in the long term and it improves its competitiveness. Originality. It is shown that using methods of the optimum control theory one can calculate the minimum volume of capital investments for the improvement of economic indicators, which determine the enterprise effectiveness. The proposed method of calculation does not depend on the specific content of economic indicators. The effectiveness of this calculation method is demonstrated on a model example. Practical value. The proposed method of calculating the minimum volume of capital investments to improve the economic effectiveness of enterprises is quite simple, but at the same time enables, on the one hand, to determine priority directions of investment activity of the enterprise. On the other hand it improves the manageability and transparency of business enterprises, increases the head's confidence in the correctness of decisions.

139-147

Authors: V. M. Pakhomovа

Purpose. In railway transport of Ukraine one requires the use of computer networks of different technologies: Ethernet, Token Bus, Token Ring, FDDI and others. In combined computer networks on the railway transport it is necessary to use packet switching technology in multiprotocol networks MPLS (MultiProtocol Label Switching) more effectively. They are based on the use of tags. Packet network must transmit different types of traffic with a given quality of service. The purpose of the research is development a methodology for determining the sequence of destination flows for the considered fragment of computer network of UZ. Methodology. When optimizing traffic management in MPLS networks has the important role of technology traffic engineering (Traffic Engineering, TE). The main mechanism of TE in MPLS is the use of unidirectional tunnels (MPLS TE tunnel) to specify the path of the specified traffic. The mathematical model of the problem of traffic engineering in computer network of UZ technology MPLS TE was made. Computer UZ network is represented with the directed graph, their vertices are routers of computer network, and each arc simulates communication between nodes. As an optimization criterion serves the minimum value of the maximum utilization of the TE-tunnel. Findings. The six options destination flows were determined; rational sequence of flows was found, at which the maximum utilization of TE-tunnels considered a simplified fragment of a computer UZ network does not exceed 0.5. Originality. The method of solving the problem of traffic engineering in Multiprotocol network UZ technology MPLS TE was proposed; for different classes its own way is laid, depending on the bandwidth and channel loading. Practical value. Ability to determine the values of the maximum coefficient of use of TE-tunnels in computer UZ networks based on developed software model «TraffEng». The input parameters of the model: number of routers, channel capacity, the number of streams, the average flow velocity. As a result of the model «TraffEng» choices variants of TE-tunnels with the corresponding values of the maximum coefficient of their use are presented.

155-164

Authors: L. V. Ursulyak, V. A. Sirotenko

Purpose. To compare the operational characteristics of freight diesel-electric locomotives ER20CF and 2М62м, which are operated with Lithuanian Railways. Important problems on traction calculations are considered in this article. In this article the critical tasks of traction calculations are solved. It is the main computational tool in the rational functioning, planning and development of railways: determination of the estimated weight of the rolling stock, the diagrams construction of specific resultant forces of a train, the permitted speed definition of the train on the slopes, curves of train traffic construction on the section. Methodology. Using the rules and methods of traction calculations the analysis of the basic operational characteristics of the modernized freight diesel-electric locomotive 2М62m and freight passenger dual locomotive 2ER20CF was held. The maximum weight of the train set, the track structure on a high-speed ascent through the use of kinetic energy (with traction and without traction), technical speed, acceleration force and the value of the smallest radius curve are selected as controlled parameters. During the calculations it was considered that the trains were formed of a fully loaded four-axle gondola cars, model 112-119 (feature-606) with axle load of 23.5 t; the motion was carried out on the continuous welded rail track; the front of the train set is a dual locomotive 2ER20CF or two locomotive 2М62м. Longitudinal profile of the road on the route Vilnus–KlF was analyzed for the choice of theoretical rise. Inspection concerning the possibility of overcoming the high-speed rise was performed with an analytical method, based on the use of the kinetic energy accumulated by the overcoming of «light» elements of the profile. Findings. In the calculations, the maximum weight of the train set taking into account theoretical rise was analyzed. The inspection of the theoretical weight of the train set on a reliable short rise of slope that is larger than the theoretical one was carried out. Values of the acceleration force depending on the speed of the train and parameters of the longitudinal profile, values of the smallest curve radius depending on the movement speed, which are developed by the different locomotives in the traction mode, were accessed. Originality. The analysis of the operational parameters of the modernized locomotive 2М62м and dual diesel locomotive of new generation 2ER20CF was held. The maximum weight of the composition, technical speed, the accelerating force and the value of the smallest radius curve were selected as controlled parameters. Practical value. The obtained results can be used for more efficient operation of locomotives on Lithuanian Railways.

23-33

Authors: L. V. Martseniuk

Purpose. Each country of the world pays great attention to the development of tourism in the country, since a significant part of revenues comprises the revenues from providing the tourist services. Ukraine faced the problem of a significant reduction in the volume of tourist flows, aging of capital fund, lack of investments for its renovation. Purpose of the article is to develop an optimal control mechanism of tourist flows, justifying the need for the development of inbound and domestic tourism. Methodology. A system analysis of the competitiveness problem of the tourism industry in the area of passenger rail transportations, theoretical principles of economics in the field of domestic tourism efficiency and management of tourist flows are the theoretical and methodological basis of the research. Findings. The authors developed an improved mechanism for managing tourist flows. It differs from the existing one by the expansion of services for tourists in the territory of Ukraine. The development analysis of inbound and domestic tourism, restoration narrow-gauge railways, as well as the creation of special tourist trains were proposed. As a result the following objectives should be achieved: 1) increase in the share of tourism and resorts in the structure of gross domestic product up to the level of developed countries; 2) the number of employees in tourism and resorts equal to the level of developed countries; 3) increase in total number of rooms in hotels and other certified accommodation facilities up to the level of developed countries; 4) creation of the effective system of monitoring the quality of tourist services; 5) creating an investment climate to attract the investments into development of the tourism, engineering, transport and communal infrastructure; 6) improvement of tourists safety, providing effective protection of their rights, legal interests and property. Originality. The author presented the theoretical generalization and new solution of the scientific problem. They lie in the development of theoretical and methodological approaches to justification of the organization of tourist rail transportations and activization of measures to realize the project to restore the effective functioning of the mountain railways with 750 mm width in the Carpathian region of Ukraine, with the possibility to incorporate them to the extensive international tourism network. Practical value. The rational measures according to the directions of tourism flows management proposed by the author will significantly increase the country revenues from tourism.

42-49

Authors: A. O. Novikov, M. M. Novikova

Purpose. Financial and economic security defines sustainable financial development of the enterprise, that is balanced and sustained, it justifies the necessity to achieve it through the effective use of all kinds of resources that are available at the enterprise. The purpose of the article is to improve the methodical estimation bases of the financial and economic security state at the transport enterprises, taking into account sector specificity for making the effective management decisions. Methodology. Theoretical and methodical basis of the research is in the systematic analysis of the process of assessing and modeling of the financial and economic security of enterprises in transport sector, theoretical principles of economic science in the sphere of financial efficiency evaluation of economic activities in a changing environment. Findings. The structure of the financial and economic security of the enterprises in transport industry was studied. The internal communication between the partial indicators of the investigated process for selection of necessary and sufficient quantities of the most indicative factors of influence were defined. Partial components of the financial and economic security based on the results of its modeling formation at the transport enterprises using factor analysis methods were systematized. Originality. Authors improved the methodological basis of quantitative evaluation of the financial and economic security level at the transport enterprises on the basis of the aggregate partial indicators, which was formed with industry specificity. This allows evaluating complex estimation of the degree of external and internal factors influence on the financial and economic security at the enterprises to ensure the effective management decisions making in order to achieve planned financial performance indicators of their activity. Practical value. Certain trends of forming ability of the transport companies to protect their financial interests are common for the studied objects. They explain 72% of the total variability of partial characteristics and reflect the modern process features of financial management and economic security. This justifies practical use expediency of the formed aggregate of the partial indicators of the financial and economic security as the basic parameters of the integrated assessment of its state at the transport industry enterprises for providing timely detection and prevention possible threats of company functioning in the financial environment.

59-69

Authors: V. V. Aulin, I. O. Plokhov, D. V. Holub

Purpose. Use efficiency improvement of trolley buses in passenger traffic based on power levels of electric energy input and terms adjustment of their maintenance. Methodology. In order to achieve this goal conformance of electric energy input by trolleybus to the transported amount of passengers taking into account characteristics of the route is offered to establish. The major indicators of the trolleybus operation are: speed of a race on lines, number of tractive motor firing, voltage and amperage in the network that were taken with accountants from a dashboard. Research results were tabulated and recorded with DVR. Along with the study of power consumption of electric energy input by a trolleybus passenger count was carried out too. Findings. The directly proportional dependence between the level of energy consumption by a trolleybus and the number of passengers for constant performance route was determined. Originality. As the criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of the trolleybus operation on the route is proposed to use the ratio between electricity consumption and number of passengers for these characteristics of the route. This is confirmed experimentally. The obtained formulas give the possibility to balance the force work and consequently the volume of energy consumption during the trolleybus movement on the rise and the descent. Practical value. The proposed criterion can be used to adjust the terms of maintenance on the individual program, that means individual maintenance (IM). Type of work performed at the IM should be determined on the basis of diagnostic data of the vehicle (V). The principles of IM were formulated: 1) the primary task is planned and preventative strategy to identify and eliminate troubleshooting and technical actions; 2) operational control of the vehicle (V) technical condition on the basis of prediction of its state using the proposed criteria, that takes into account the dependence of power consumption to the number of passengers in the characteristics of the route; 3) individual approach to evaluate the technical condition of each specific vehicle (V); 4) individual prediction of the frequency of the maintenance and vehicle condition.

78-86

Authors: D. V. Mironov

Purpose. The new methods development for improving the maintenance service for equipment of traction networks in order to increase its efficiency and quality. Methodology. In world practice of solving problems related to the quality of products and services is usually achieved by introducing quality management system in to the enterprises. The provisions of quality management system were used for solving the problem. The technologies of process engineering were used for describing the main stages of maintenance service. Findings. The development of high-speed movement and growth of its intensity, the use of electric rolling stock of a new generation require the introduction of new methods diagnostics of equipment technical state and improvement of the existing maintenance system and repair of power supply. Developing a model of business-processes, their optimization with using techniques of process engineering and system management is needed for the transition to the management system based on the process approach. From the standpoint of the process approach and in accordance with the requirements of the quality management system (ISO 9001-2009), the operation of the E (Department of electrification and power supply) infrastructure sector is represented as a scheme of business-processes in which the guaranteed supply with electricity of railway and third-party consumers is defined as the main business-process of management. Each of the sub-process of power supply for consumers is described in details. The use methods and main stages of process approach for sample management system reorganization were investigated. The methodology and the application method of PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Act) closed loop to the equipment maintenance system were described. The monitoring process of traction networks maintenance using the process approach was divided into components after investigations. The technical documentation of maintenance service was investigated in details. Ways to improve business-processes of E (Department of electrification and power supply) management were described. Originality. Maintenance improvement ways for equipment of traction networks using process engineering technologies and quality of electric power supply were proposed. Practical value. Using the provisions of the quality management system to the process of maintenance equipment will let ensure the improvement of process quality by increasing the reliability indices of electric equipment, the service level of consumers and changes of production processes focused on the efficiency increase of the sector activity.

97-103

Authors: V. V. Netrebko

Purpose. Analysis of changes of high-chromium cast irons' structure and properties under the influence of physical and heat factors during mechanical machining. Methodology. The methodology of evaluation of the cutting tool's force and heat influence on the machined material has been developed and applied. Cast specimens underwent preliminary turning to obtain the diameter of 25 mm. The microsection was made on the end surface of the specimen with the length of 50 mm. Standard plates with sizes 10×10 mm made of VK8 according to the State Standard 19051-80 were used in the turning process. Findings. Force influence on the specimens made of highchromium cast iron caused strain hardening during machining. Temperature influence on the structure and properties of high-chromium cast iron during machining caused increase of the plasticity characteristics of the metallic base in the cutting area, fragmentation of the carbide phase and elimination of the strain hardening. During turning with cutting depth 0.8 mm only force influence of the cutting tool on the specimen took place. Carbide inclusions in the surface layer didn't undergo sufficient changes; at the same time the metallic base was strain-hardened to 1 100 HV50. As it was drawn away from the turning surface, the microhardness of the metallic base was decreasing and equaled to 500…520 HV50 at the distance of 1.2 mm from the turning surface. Strain hardening was not observed at the depth of more than 3mm. Cutting depth increase up to 1.5 mm caused simultaneous influence of force and heat factors. The temperature influence revealed in increasing of metallic base plasticity in the specimen's surface layers. Strain hardening of heated surface layers didn't occur. While drawing away from the cutting surface, the influence of the temperature factor decreased, when the influence of force factor remained the same. Due to the base plasticity decrease the strain hardening occurred. The metallic base strain was hardened to 490…520 HV50. The overall heating of the specimen caused the decrease of strain hardening depth to 0.4 mm. Originality. The methodology of change evaluation of high-chromium cast iron structure and properties under the influence of physical and heat factors during mechanical machining has been elaborated. Practical value. This methodology allows developing the recommendations for choices of highchromium cast iron machining modes and conditions.

113-118

Authors: M. V. Shaptala, D. E. Shaptala

Purpose. Currently exploitation of outdoor swimming pools is often not cost-effective and, despite of their relevance,such pools are closed in large quantities. At this time there is no the whole mathematical model which would allow assessing qualitatively the effect of energy-saving measures. The aim of this work is to develop a mathematical model of heat and mass exchange processes for calculating basic heat and mass losses that occur during its exploitation.Methodology. The method for determination of heat and mass loses based on the theory of similarity criteria equations is used. Findings. The main types of heat and mass losses of outdoor pool were analyzed. The most significant types were allocated and mathematically described. Namely: by evaporation of water from the surface of the pool, by natural and forced convection, by radiation to the environment, heat consumption for water heating. Originality. The mathematical model of heat and mass exchange process of the outdoor swimming pool was developed, which allows calculating the basic heat and mass loses that occur during its exploitation. Practical value. The method of determining heat and mass loses of outdoor swimming pool as a software system was developed and implemented. It is based on the mathematical model proposed by the authors. This method can be used for the conceptual design of energy-efficient structures of outdoor pools, to assess their use of energy-intensive and selecting the optimum energy-saving measures. A further step in research in this area is the experimental validation of the method of calculation of heat losses in outdoor swimming pools with its use as an example the pool of Dnipropetrovsk National University of Railway Transport named after Academician V. Lazaryan. The outdoor pool, with water heating-up from the boiler room of the university, is operated year-round.

128-135

Authors: A. A. Lovskaya

Purpose. To determine assurance coefficient by supporting structures fatigue of car bodies during transportation by the railway ferries. Methodology. The operating conditions of cars in international railway-water communication have been investigated in previous works for the solution of this problem. To solve the problem there were conducted researches of dynamic features of car bodies transporting by the railway ferries in conditions of the sea storm. A mathematical model of car bodies movement was made up and accelerations acting on them in placements on the decks were determined. During determination of accelerations the actual meteorological characteristics of the Black Sea during a storm were taken into account. The assurance coefficient fatigue by supporting structures of car bodies by the railway ferries was determined and it was found that under regular loading of the car body n ≈ 2,0 . It is higher than the admissible value. Findings. Comparison of obtained acceleration values with the accelerations acting on car bodies when operating on main-line routes showed that they have exceeded the acceleration specified in the regulations approximately on 40%. It proves the need of accounting the loads acting on car bodies during transportations by the railway ferries when designing new generation cars. Originality. There was proposed a mathematical model of car bodies movement by the railway ferries in the conditions of sea storm. It gives the possibility of determining the accelerations of car bodies placed on the decker rail ferries taking into account the hydrometeorology characteristics. Practical value. The results of researches can be used when designing new generation cars to provide their strength during the combination of railway and water transportation. It gives an opportunity to develop measures as to the adaptation of cars bodies to the interaction with the fastenings of railway ferries by means of equipping their bearing constructions with special fastening assembly units. Such technical solution will allow decreasing expenses for unscheduled repair of cars while transporting them by railway ferries and providing safety of combined transport traffic.

146-153

Authors: O. V. Fomin

Purpose. The purpose of work is presentation of features and results of the conducted works on determination of introduction expedience of hexahedral hollow profiles as the component elements of the modern supporting systems of railway freight gondola cars. Methodology. During the research an introduction methodology of different types of profiles as alternative to the existent supporting elements of the body module for freight car was used. This methodology had been developed by the author before. It is oriented to the reduction in material consumption and providing of strength requirements and operating reliability of the car design under study. The developed methodology includes the procedures of admissible values calculation of the resistance moments of the section of the hexahedral hollow profile, which is being introduced. It also includes the determination of optimum (i.e. characterized by the minimum material consumption when meeting the durability requirements) values of height and minimum thickness of profile in the conditions of construction limitations. At the same time the admissible resistance moments are calculated as such, which are equal to the value of existent implementation of supporting element or as such that are determined taking into account the surplus design reserve. The first direction is applied in this work. Findings. As a result of the conducted research the introduction expedience of hexahedral hollow profiles as vertical rods of the lateral and latitude belts of the walls of the butt-end freight gondola cars is grounded and the optimum parameters of such replacements are determined. Originality. The problem of the use expedience of hexahedral hollow profiles as the supporting elements of the freight gondola cars bodies was first considered in the article. To solve this problem the mathematical models describing the dependence of basic strength and mass indexes of the proper profiles on varying the geometrical parameters, as well as the auxiliary graph are developed. Practical value. Practical implementation of the results of conducted research for universal freight gondola cars will reduce their empty weight and accordingly increase their lifting capacity for almost 100 kg. upon the implementation of durability and operating reliability requirements. This taking into account the large scale of their park will provide a considerable economic effect at their producing and operation. The materials developed and presented in the article can be used for consideration and solution of analogical tasks for other types of freight cars, and also for other facilities of the transport engineering. According to the results of the work an invention application of Ukraine was applied.

17-28

Authors: O. O. Hololobova, V. I. Havryliuk, M. O. Kovryhin, S. Yu. Buriak

Purpose. To conduct an effect research of the electromagnetic field of high-voltage transmission lines (HVTL) (750 kV, 50 Hz) on the track circuits and continuous automatic cab signalling (CACS) with a signal current of 50 Hz in the areas of convergence and intersection with the transmission lines and to propose possible methods to improve noise immunity of CACS. Methodology. The measurements were performed both by means of car-laboratory and directly on rail lines. During the study the electric field strength in the range of industrial frequency directly under the transmission lines and at the distance from it to the railway lines was measured, as well as the time dependence of CACS codes with signal current frequency of 50 Hz directly under the transmission lines and at a distance from it in the absence of the train and its passing. Findings. The root causes analysis of CACS faults and failures was carried out. The effect of the electromagnetic field of highvoltage transmission lines (750 kV, 50 Hz) on the track circuit and CACS with signal current of 50 Hz in the areas of convergence and intersection with the transmission line was investigated. Possible methods to improve noise immunity of CACS were considered. Originality. The effect research of transmission lines (750 kV) on the operation of the automatic cab signalling on spans Prishib-Burchatsk and Privolnoye-Yelizarovo, Pridneprovsk railway in places of oblique railroads crossing and transmission lines (750 kV, 50 Hz) was conducted. Electric field strength in the range of industrial frequency directly under the transmission lines and at a distance from it to the railway line, as well as the time dependences of ALSN codes with signal current frequency of 50 Hz directly under the transmission lines and at a distance from it in the absence of the train and as its passing were measured. It was found that CACS codes in track circuits under transmission lines are strongly distorted, as strength measurements of electric field are shown, it can be explained by the electromagnetic field effect of transmission lines on track circuits. Practical value. Possible methods of CACS safety enhancement by improving the reliability of signaling from a track on the locomotive were considered.

39-47

Authors: T. M. Hrushevska

Purpose. Determining regularities of changes of trains occupancy and the approach commuters on landing for determining the technical and technological parameters of suburban passenger services. Methodology. To achieve this goal were identified research methods of train occupancy, basic approach periods of passengers to platform affecting the occupancy of carriages in different periods of the day. Findings. On the basis of conducted researches can be carried out comlex, systematically related calculations of important technical and technological parameters of suburban passenger transportations. To such parameters can be attributed parameters of trains timetable, occupancy of carriages, the number of ticket offices, passenger platforms size, number and location on them turnstiles, providing the comfortable and safe boarding of passengers on commuter trains. It is proposed to use the relative indicators of trains occupancy and generalized theoretical dependencies of approach intensity of passengers on landing in trains. There are graphs where there is unevenness of transportation demand, which is estimated by actual train occupancy that is established by direct natural supervision in train carriages. Results of the study hourly of passenger flow distribution have allowed to establish that irregularity by period of day has a pronounced character of manifestation, especially in the morning and evening during the "peak" periods. Dimensions of transportations in these hours do not meet comfortable conditions of passenger travel in suburban trains. Originality. It was suggested the new approach to determine regularities of changes of the suburban trains occupancy to approach commuters to platform. It is presented the comparisons of actual distribution curves and approximated theoretical curves of approach intensities of passengers and filling of trains, and the formula by which the described patterns are identified. These formulas can be used to construct appropriate mathematical models describing the process to approach of passengers on landing in trains. Practical value. Using of obtained regularities will allow in future predict the number of passengers in specific trains, thus optimizing the schedule of commuter trains the interval between trains, as well as the required number of rolling stock.

56-64

Authors: A. V. Prokhorchenko

Purpose. The work is devoted to the study the property of scaling invariance of the organization system of train traffic volume on Ukrainian railways. Methodology. To prove the real network origin of Trains Formation Plan (TFP) destination to the type of socalled scale-invariant networks it is proposed to generate scale-free networks with different dimensions, Barabási–Albert type with parameters that real networks of TFP destination has and to investigate their structure on survivability using the procedure of percolation nodes. Percolation process is proposed to be considered as a modified version of the spatial movement of cars on the network by increasing the number of railway stations, which have lost the ability to perform the basic function to pass cars on TFP destination in terms of adverse effects (an accident, overload). Findings. Comparative analysis of percolation at random and targeted destructive impact on network nodes has shown matching with the results of real network percolation of TFP destination, which proves the existence of self-similarity. Comparable figures in percolation were: percentage of remote stations in the network, in which the network fragmentation occurs, the average inverse path between network nodes, the diameter of the graph structure, the size meaning of the second largest cluster in the network from the steps of destruction. Originality. For the first time the hypothesis of the existence of scaling invariance properties of the graph TFP destinations on the railways of Ukraine, which can be attributed to a class of the graph scale-free networks was confirmed. Existing knowledge in the field theory of scale-free networks can be used to describe the survivability of system transportation on the railways of Ukraine. Practical value. Based on the identified properties of system directions of train traffic volumes, it is possible to create a mathematical model in the future that will predict the behavior of the transportation system with network structure. Properties analysis of system survivability of train traffic volumes will optimize the use of capital investments to increase network capacity by identifying the most critical lines and stations that systematically affect the efficiency of the network as a whole.

74-82

Authors: T. N. Mishchenko

Purpose. Development and substantiation of a new method of structural identification of electrical devices of electric traction systems for both DC and AC current. Methodology. To solve this problem the following methods are used: the methods and techniques of the linear electrical engineering, in particular, the Laplace operator method; the numerical method for solving the integral equation, which is based on the representation of the Wiener-Hopf linear equations system (this allows forming the solutions of the problem in a mathematical form of the correlation and weight functions); the factorization method, which provides certain partition of the correlation functions of the stochastic processes. Findings. It was developed the method of weight function of the electrical devices identification, which can be fully used in the systems of electric traction. As the use example of the developed method it was considered a feeder section of DC electric traction with the single power supply. On this section move two electric locomotives of the type DE 1, they have been identified by the weighting functions. The required currents and voltages of electric locomotives are also formulated in the electric traction network in probabilistic and statistical form, that is, the functions of mathematical expectation and the correlation functions are determined. At this, it is taken into account that the correlation function of the sum of random functions is equal to the sum of the correlation functions of additives, and the correlation function of the integral of a random function is defined as the double integral of the correlation function of the output of a random function. Originality. Firstly, originality consists of the adaption of the developed method of structural identification for the devices of electric traction system. Secondly, it lies in the proper development of the new method of weight function. And finally, it lies in the solution of the Wiener-Hopf equation using the correlation method of factorization. Practical value. The developed method and the technique that is based on it, allow predicting electric traction loadings of the traction network, as well as the other devices of the traction energy systems and the electric motive power in the different modes of operation and, in particular, during the high-speed train traffic. The method takes into account the load influence (and its mode of operation) of the adjacent feeder zones on the electromagnetic processes in the studied intersubstation area. Thus, it is important that the required voltages and currents are considered as the random functions.

92-100

Authors: I. О. Vakulenko, S. О. Plitchenko, D. M. Makarevich

Purpose. The purpose of work is a comparative analysis of chemical compounds influence on the process of forming arc welding and condition of its burning. Methodology. A wire with diameter 3 mm of low carbon steel with contain of carbon 0.15% was material for electrode. As chemical compounds, which determine the terms of arc welding forming the following compounds were used: kaolin; with admixtures of gypsum up to 60%; and with the iron concentration up to 50%. Researches were conducted using the direct electric current and arc of reverse polarity. As a source of electric current a welding transformer of type PSO-500n was used. On the special stand initial gap between the electrode and metal plate was 1-1.5 mm. The inter electrode space was filled with the probed chemical compound and the electric arc was formed. At the moment of arc forming the values of electric current and arc voltage were determined. After the natural break of electric arc, the final gap value between electrodes was accepted as a maximal value of arc length. Findings. Experimentally the transfer of metal in interelectrode space corresponded to the tiny drop mechanism. According to external signs the relation between maximal arc length and the power of electric current has the form of exponential dependence. Specific power of electric arc at the moment of arc forming per unit of its length characterizes the environment in the interelectrode space. Originality. 1) Based on the analysis of influence of the studied chemical compounds on the formation processes of electric arc the inversely proportional relationship between the power of the electric current and the maximum arc length until the moment of its natural break is defined. 2) Ratio between the maximal arc length and the power of electric current, with the sufficiently high coefficient of correlation is submitted to the exponential dependence. Influence of the compounds under study on the process of electric arc forming is determined using the indexes of degree of the above mentioned correlation. 3) The value of specific power of electric current at the moment of electric arc forming per unit of arc length can be accepted as the parameter, which characterizes the state of interelectrode space environment. Practical value. In the conditions of identical adjusting force of electric current the sequence of location of the studied compounds in the order of increase of their influence on the process of arcing is determined. Minimum influence is observed from kaolin, and maximal one – from .

109-118

Authors: R. D. Iskovych-Lototskyi, Ya. V. Ivanchuk, Ya. P. Veselovskyi

Purpose. The use of the main provisions of the resonance-structure theory for theoretical study of basic physical and mechanical processes taking place in unloading material during the vibrimpact discharge in order to substantiate the efficiency of their application. Methodology. Unloading material during vibroimpact unloading, as the study object, appeared as phenomenological model of spatial dispersion medium. The dynamics equations of unsteady forced particle oscillations of the "linked" structure under the action of vibration and impact loadings, taking into account the vibro rheological effect, with the establishment of resonance zones were considered. Findings. When considering the resonance zones of unstable forced oscillations of the "linked" structure particles it was found out that under the influence of vibration loadings the system is effectively affected by the monoharmonic pulse of external forces in the form of sinusoidal wave with an angular frequency. This frequency is equal to the main frequency of the natural oscillations of the unloading material. Under the impact loading it is necessary to affect the system by the accumulation of external force pulses in the form of single instant impulse. Under the given load conditions in these systems the phenomenon of resonance, which provides absolute deformation in handling system of the "linked" structure of the material due to discrete growth in the range of plastic deformations takes place. Absolute deformation, resulting in handling material exceed the permissible elastic deformations for the particles of this system and the destruction of the contact zones of these particles takes place. Originality. The authors studied unstable forced oscillations of the "linked" structure particles based on the phenomenological model of the spatial dispersion medium of unloading material. Thus, for each type of vibro-impact loads were calculated the conditions for resonant processes. That was presented by the relevant type of the actuating force. Practical value. The main provisions of the resonance-structural theory in theoretical study of the vibroimpact load processes prove the use efficiency of the vibroimpact equipment to increase the intensity of the vehicles unloading. The use of resonance-structural theory allows predicting the required parameters of vibro-impact loading on the unloading material, depending on its physical and mechanical properties that ensures the efficient unloading due to the destruction of the power relations of unloading material particles.

126-137

Authors: S. V. Myamlin, V. M. Bubnov, Ye. O. Pysmennyi

Purpose. In this paper, it is necessary to examine the dynamic properties of the gondola car with bogies, model 18-1711 when it moves on straight and curved sections of a track. Methodology. The calculations were performed using the object-oriented programming on the program "Dynamics of Rail Vehicles" ("DYNRAIL" Myamlin S.V. registered 20.03.2003). Mathematical models of a gondola car and bogies 18-100 and 18-711 were created for the calculations. Findings. Dynamic performances comparison of the gondola car with bogies 18-1711 and the gondola car with bogies 18-100, obtained by calculation method was carried out. Originality. Firstly calculations in order to determine the dynamic properties of the gondola car with bogies 18-1711 when it moves on straight and curved sections of track were performed. At the same time an assessment of the dynamic characteristics of the gondola car was made. The following dynamic standards were determined: the coefficient of vertical dynamics (Cdv), the coefficient of horizontal dynamics (Cdh), and the safety factor against derailment (SFd). Track irregularities in vertical and horizontal transverse planes were assigned as perturbations. They should be so that the dynamic indexes of the widely used in operation gondola car on bogies model 18-100 keep in admissible range of speeds up to 80km / h for the empty gondola car and at speeds up to 90km / h for the loaded gondola cars. Practical value. As a result of the calculations and comparisons of their results, we have findings that the use of bogies with bilinear characteristic of the central suspension will improve the dynamic performances of gondola cars, currently operating on bogies, model 18-100. And by improving the dynamic performances it is possible to increase the permissible speeds of these cars motion.

150-156

Authors: H. P. Ivanova, O. I. Trufanova

Purpose. Prospectivity assessments of the nanomaterials usage in construction technologies at the same time meeting the requirements of environmental safety and rational use of the natural resources. Methodology. During the study the building composites, in particular concretes, which are obtained on the base of the raw materials, which are introduced in the array of micro- and nanolevels were researched and analyzed. The deformation and deterioration processes of nanostructured concrete depending on their composition and manufacture parameters were simulated. Findings. Concrete manufacture is in the direct dependence on its components. Due to the extraction and processing of these components land degradation occurs because of soil destruction with oversize pits, which threatens the ecology of the environment. In this connection there is a need for another concept of building materials receiving for concrete manufacture. The new branch of science based on nanotechnologies, nanomaterials and nanostructuring is a key to its foundation. The special features of nanostructured concretes are the nanoagents in their composition (carbon nano-tubes, mechanoactivated slags of blast furnace production). The study of deformation patterns and concrete deterioration based on the mechanoactivated material will purposefully affect the structure, physical and chemical properties, as well as the mechanical and deformational ones. Originality. The researches have shown that nanostructured concrete had high fluidity. The strength of such compositions is enhanced up to 13 % without reduction of concrete consumption and up to 8.8% at 10% reduced concrete consumption. Practical value. The application of the structured concretes based on the mechanoactivated material will increase the efficiency of the industrial wastes recycling and improve the physical, mechanical and technological properties of the produced composites. From the standpoint of the economic benefits, the application of the nano-structured concrete is profitable, as it develops high strength along with the decrease in the weight and volume of the constructions. The use of new technologies will improve the environmental performance of building materials and reduce the harmful effects on the environment during their production.