Russkaya Starina

165-174

Authors: Anna P. Paraskevopulo

The article is devoted to the first decades of the history of the one of the oldest research institutions in Krasnodar region, the experienced leader of tobacco cultivation in the USSR. The author examines the genesis of the Institute of tobacco growing in the context of large-scale social and political transformations, the contribution of individual scientists in the development of its scientific and organizational activity. On the basis of archival documents, periodicals, works of the Institute employees, the author has reconstructed the main stages of development (from the laboratory to one of the leading research institutions in the country), areas of research, and methods of promotion of agricultural knowledge among the population.

182-199

Authors: Andrei V. Venkov

The article, basing on archival materials of the Federal security service, studies the governmental policy towards the Upper Don Cossacks at the beginning stage of collectivization on the example of the cases of 1929 and 1930. It was examined an attempt of the authorities to eliminate their potential opponents on the threshold of the mass collectivization by incriminating them the preparation of the armed uprising. The new archival materials have been introduced for scientific use.

218-239

Authors: Utash B. Ochirov

The article is devoted to the Kalmyk Red Army servicemen who had been awarded the Order of Glory during the Great Patriotic War. This military decoration was known as the “Soldier’s” Order and granted only to privates and non-commissioned officers (as well as to junior lieutenants of the air force) for bravery in action. Due to the fact, those engaged in military logistics could not receive this Order Red Army soldiers viewed it as the highest esteemed reward. Using a wide range of sources the author has compiled a list of the Kalmyk Cavaliers of the Order of Glory alongside with their short histories of military service. Commendation lists that had been digitized and posted on the open-access website OBD “Podvig naroda” (People’s Deeds of Valor) served as the basic source for compiling the list. It should be noted that battlefield scribes and record keepers unfamiliar with the spelling of Kalmyk personal and family names, names of villages and districts introduced significant distortions to the records so that one and the same person could be referred to in 5 documents variously. Besides, the search was dramatically complicated by the absence of the tool “nationality” within the OBD “Podvig naroda” search engine, and in fact, the Kalmyk Cavaliers of the Order of Glory had to be looked up “manually.” Databases of only five regions have been subject to thorough studies (the Kalmyk Republic, Rostov, Astrakhan, Volgograd, Stavropol Regions) with nothing but Kalmyk names being the search criteria. Had there been people bearing fully non-Kalmyk family, personal and patronymic names, they are not represented in the final list. After that the author studied published materials, archival documents, interviewed informants to check, supplement and ascertain information about the Kalmyk Cavaliers of the Order of Glory. The author was also able to enter a few more individuals conscripted in other regions of the USSR into the list. At the final stage of the research, the list of all the materials was structured in such a way that it could be processed using a computer program. After that, the database was subjected to statistical analysis that allowed discovering some certain peculiarities and common features characteristic of the individuals under consideration. At the moment the database contains records of 95 Kalmyks who had been awarded the Order of Glory during and in the first years after the war. Most probably the list is incomplete and shall be supplemented but the final figures are unlikely to change sufficiently. We can confidently declare that every fortieth Kalmyk of those left in the theater of operations was awarded the Order of Glory. There is no doubt that but for the 1943 abolition of the Kalmyk ASSR and deportation of ethnic Kalmyk privates and non-commissioned officers to the Shirokovsky Forced Labor Camp (construction site of the Shirokovskaya Hydroelectric Power Station) there would have been much more Kalmyk Cavaliers of the “Soldier’s” Order.

95-105

Authors: Alexey А. Rudenko

The article deals with the issue of Evangelical movement in the late XIX – early XX centuries during its formation in Russia as well as in local Rostov community. It estimates the role of the institutional and dogmatic polarization in the movement. On the basis of the examination of the archival data, the denominational periodical literature, the private correspondence of religious figures and the historical research done prior to the scientific research the writer outlines the negative impact of this polarization on the dynamic of the Russian Evangelical movement.

114-136

Authors: Ludmila V. Tabunshchikova, Alla V. Shadrina

The article deals with one of the less studied subjects of the church-state relationships in the USSR, the events of 1923. In this year there was a change of the tactics in the fight of the Soviet state against religious organizations. The author shows, by the way of example of the Don region, that was started a large scale propagandistic campaign against the Russian Orthodox Church. One of the most notable its theorists was E. Yaroslavsky. There were implemented various forms of active agitation: propagandist public debates and articles in newspapers, public renunciations of the priests-renegades, struggle against church fests, carrying over of holidays, anti-bell and anti-icon campaigns, the introduction of the “red ritual”, the demonstrative closing of churches, etc. The mass propaganda was ineffectual because the “excesses on the ground” provoked indignation among the believers.

147-153

Authors: Ksenia R. Mukhametshina

The proposed article can be seen as a historical reconstruction related to a targeted identification and preliminary analysis of the major problems that determined the development of the Don old believers in the postwar years. Within a chosen complex problem, it is necessary to allocate such important aspects of everyday interaction of the power structures and religious communities, religious practice under conditions of strict ideological and political control, the specific socialization of young believers. The article discusses the Old Believer community in Rostov-on-Don in 1945–1953. The study identifies and analyzes the major problems which determined the development of the Don Old Believers in the postwar years. The author considers the documents of the State Archive of the Rostov Region.

19-25

Authors: Aleksandr E. Parfenov

In 1765, on the Volga near Tsaritsyn a Moravian settlement of Sarepta was established. As a missionary settlement Sarepta existed up to 1892. Despite its close contacts with the surrounding world, Sarepta for a long time managed to preserve the traditional Moravian way of life. But by the end of the 19th century, a serious social crisis had matured which caused abolishment of the Moravian community in Sarepta in 1892. This event marked the end of a process of the missionary settlement transformation into a secular village.

33-40

Authors: Alexey A. Volvenko

In the article, social and political views of the famous representative of the Don Cossack generals of the 19th century Ivan Ivanovich Krasnov are analyzed. His ideas about “the Cossack nationality” and “the Don patriotism” proved in articles of local and central periodicals are placed in an event context of reformatory policy of the Ministry of Defense for the Don Cossacks in the 1860s.

61-68

Authors: Evgeny F. Krinko

The all-Russian scientific conference “The Significance of Battles of 1941–1943 in the South of Russia in the Victory in the Great Patriotic War” took place at the Southern Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences on June 3–6, 2016. 120 specialists from different research centers took part in the conference. The participants debated the large circle of the problems relating to the military operations in the South of the country, which made it possible to eliminate some lacunae and “blank spots” in the historiography, contributing to the creation of the integral image of the wartime events.

242-250

Authors: Irina A. Kuznetsova

The paper characterizes the influence of the divine services to the Kuban Cossack’s notions of death and to the contents of the funeral and memorial rites. The author consequently examines several aspects of this influence. The divine services are analyzed as a source of the texts, terms, and modus operandi, as means of forming the attitude to dead, the communication with the deceased, and attitude to the personal death. The author also briefly touches upon the cases of folk customs influencing divine services.

258-282

Authors: Artyom Y. Peretyatko

The article considers the history of the transmission of the western districts of the Don Cossack Oblast to the UkSSR in the 1920s. On the basis of numerous testimonies of contemporaries, as well as literature on the peasant colonization of the Don region, the author concludes that in these territories from the 18th century Little Russian population prevailed. Little Russians were largely assimilated, and the term “Little Russian” has come to mean not only the ethnonym, but an estate accessory to the indigenous peasantry, including the Great Russian. The article analyzes those aspects of Russian-Ukrainian relations in the Don region, which were more general, in particular, about the reasons of a more positive attitude Cossacks to Little Russians, than the Great Russians. The results of the study are the findings that the Don Host Oblast was characterized by the confusion of ethnic and estate markers and that aggravation of interethnic relations in the Don region occurred only in 1870. The territory of the western districts was mastered in the previous period under the close cooperation of the Cossacks and the Ukrainians. The author argues that historically undisputed border between Russia and Ukraine in the former territory of the Don Host Oblast is impossible in principle.

296-302

Authors: Vitaliy R. Ivanchyshen

The article considers a poorly studied problem of stone cutting as the component of Ukrainian traditional culture. The stone cutting has gained considerable development during the 19th – early 20th centuries. The presence of local stone cutting workshops in the territory of Odesa district of Kherson province is noted in the article. But the local craftsmen because of their fewness were not able to provide the economic and functional demands of the inhabitants. Trading interconnections of historical and ethnographic regions of the Eastern Podillia and Southern Ukraine in the field of stone cutting production are elucidated and analyzed in the article on the example of both regions. The wide usage of stone cutting goods is also explained with their household necessity. The place of stone cutting production in the trading operations of chumaky (Ukrainian oxcart drivers) in the late 19th – early 20th centuries is also one of the important aspects of the problem. It is also noted that the sacral folk praxises in ritual and custom sphere, connected with stone goods, have been transferred gradually from Podillia to the territory of Kherson province, that has undoubtedly assisted the formation of inner market and the united social and cultural areal.

309-316

Authors: Aleksandra V. Gayvoronskaya

The article is based on the analysis of the court documents and presents the reconstruction of the conflict cases among the officers of the Kuban Cossack Host. I consequently characterize the reasons for the officers’ duels, options of conflict resolution, and results of the court proceedings concerning the issues of honour. I characterize files kept in the State Archive of the Krasnosar Krai about the cases of duels appointed but been resolved peacefully; the cases of the duels, which took place and ended with the conciliation of participants or one’s death. As a result of the research, I draw a conclusion on the regulations of the officers’ relations regarding conflicts and on factors, which influences the officer’s choise of the options to vindicate honour.

168-179

Authors: Evgeny F. Krinko

There is a large number of studies on the Battle of Stalingrad. However, the fate of the Stalingrad children is not analyzed enough. The paper conveys the image of a family in memory of the children of Stalingrad. This research is based on the results of the survey conducted in 2014–2015 among Volgograd inhabitants, witnesses of the Battle of Stalingrad in childhood and adolescence. The family largely determined the fate of the Stalingrad children. The structure and composition of the family have been changed. During the Battle of Stalingrad adult care, firstly care for children by the parents, became the main condition of their survival. The life perception peculiarities significantly influence the memoirs of a certain person. The childhood as a rule is idealized as compared with the events of adult life.

187-193

Authors: Maxim V. Medvedev

The strategic defensive lines system developed by the state in the initial period of the Great Patriotic War was important for the fight against the attackers. The construction of the Stalingrad defensive line was one of the main tasks for the State Committee of Defense of the USSR in this stage of war. This paper examines the participation of the sappers and local population in the construction of the Stalingrad defensive line in 1941–1942, and analyzes the quality of the fortifications.

208-217

Authors: Elena V. Godovova

The paper presents the evolution of the formation of the local government system in the Kuban Cossack Host in Russia. This system has been transformed at the beginning of the 20th century. Growing disunity based on the difference of property possessions, education level, and psychological conflicts along with administrative pressure resulted in the reducing responsibility of the elected persons, and the increasing degree of laziness and indifference of the Cossacks. But, despite this, the Cossack communities continued to live, to regulate the property relations, to solve social problems.