Visnyk of Dnipropetrovsk University. Biology, ecology

13-18

Authors: T. Y. Bets, O. M. Bashtannik

The electrical conductivity of sod-lithogenic soil on the loess-like loams shows logical spatial variability which conforms to the gradient spatial structure. By means of the regression analysis we assessed the relationship between electroconductivity of the technozems and some environmental properties of the agrobiogeocoenosis. Aggregate composition of the fractions of 0.25–0.50, 1–2, 3–5 mm and plants projective cover are essential factors that influence on the electroconductivity of sod-lithogenic soil on loess.

25-33

Authors: O. M. Vasyliv, S. O. Hnatush, O. I. Bilyy, V. B. Getman

Desulfuromonas acetoxidans are obligatory anaerobic gram-negative sulfurreducing eubacteria. The influence of different concentrations of iron (III) chloride hexahydrate, iron (II) sulfate and manganese (II) chloride hexahydrate on D. acetoxidans growth and light scattering properties has been investigated. The correlation between biomass accumulation and changes of the cells’ light scattering properties has been ascertained under the influence of the 3d transition metal salts. The maximum of cell distribution curve equaled 0.49 μm under the influence of all investigated concentrations of iron (III) chloride hexahydrate, iron (II) sulfate and manganese (II) chloride hexahydrate. The highest relative content of cells with maximal size (0.49 μm) and the largest biomass were observed under the influence of 2.5 mM FeCl3×6H2O and 0.5 mM MnCl2×4H2O. Under the influence of FeSO4 the highest D. acetoxidans biomass was obtained with addition of 2.5 mM metal salt in the growth medium. The highest relative cell content with maximal size was observed under the influence of 0.5–1.5 mM FeSO4.

40-44

Authors: Z. V. Gritzay, A. G. Denisenko

The influence of environment pollution by metallurgical industry emissions on woody plants bearing parameters was examined. The results obtained show the decrease of bearing rate, diminution of seeds, fruits and seed cells sizes in woody plants affected by technogenic emissions. Attenuation of the 1000 seeds’ weight was established. Incresing the amount of fruits with development deviations was ascertained. It was found aplasia and abnormal form of the samara fruit of ash and ailanthus trees, arcuation and narrowing of some parts of the catalpa fruitcases. Practical recommendations on using seeds’ sensitive parameters in biomonitoring of woody phytocenoses under technogenic stressful conditions are proposed.

55-60

Authors: V. V. Kachinskaya, G. O. Naumovich

Тhe structural organisation of lichens at a consortium organisation level of the ecosystems is considered. The analysis of species composition and regularities of lichens distribution in Ulmus laevis and Populus nigra consortia in territory of mining and smelting complex of Kryvyi Rih Basin is carried out. It is established that taxonomical structure of lichens consists of 8 lichen species of 6 genera and 5 families. It is ascertained that species composition and regularities of lichens distribution in consortia is determined by the type of industrial load. Predominance of the crustose lichens in the determinants’ consortia, insignificant part of the foliose lichens and total lack of fruticose forms is possible consequence of industrial influence.

71-75

Authors: T. M. Konovalova

The pedoturbation activity of the soil-dwelling mammals results in the complicated spatial soil structure with combined mechanically stable dense soil and the soil mass of low density. Such organization of the soil body has useful combination of the soil properties. The prolonged effect of the mammals’ pedoturbation activity is positive for different constituents of an ecosystem: soil animals, microorganisms and plants.

86-92

Authors: O. I. Lisovets, V. A. Brayilko

Floristic composition of the grass and phytocenotic activity of species in the floodplain forest were studied in the Prysamar’ya region. It is ascertained that investigated phytocenosis has characteristic signs of the floodplain forest: in the spectrum of biomorphes the hemicryptophytes and vegetatively mobile species are prevalent. At the same time among ecomorphs the mesophytes, mesotrophes, heliosciophytes and silvantes are usual. The results of phytoindication analysis confirmed the favourable ecological conditions for the forest geobiocenoses forming. The grass cover of the studied forest ecosystem for the last 40 years remained stable enough: 70 % of the registered species in the past are found there. The typical silvantes are dominanted, but the index of the total projective cover is low.

10-15

Authors: O. M. Vasylyuk, A. F. Kulik

he aspartate aminotransferase (АsАТ, EC 2.6.1.1) and alanine aminotransferase (АlАТ, EC 2.6.1.2) activities in the leaves of Sambucus nigra L. under the magnesium sulfate (0.5–2.5 g/l) influense as an exogenous factor in a model experiment are analysed. The correlation between minaralization level and transaminases activities in the leaves are presented.

22-30

Authors: O. I. Dotsenko, A. M. Mischenko

The influence of low-frequency vibration (frequency range 8–32 Hz, amplitudes 0.5 ± 0.04 and 0.9 ± 0.08 mm) on the erythrocytes’ acid resistance was studied. The kinetics of various hemolysis stages was investigated. The time-frequency dependences of the kinetics constants of hemolysis stages were obtained and discussed. It was shown that 8–16 Hz vibration with the 0.5 mm amplitude and 8 Hz with 0.9 mm causes destructive reorganizations of a cytoplasm’s water-protein structure. It leads to decrease in a permeability barrier for a hemolytic agent. As a result of oxidizing stress the vibration in the frequency range of 20–32 Hz causes the modifying reactions leading to the aggregation of cellular proteins and, in particular, the band 3 protein.

36-41

Authors: G. A. Zaiyko, Y. V. Lykholat

The activity of enzymes of the antioxidative complex and glutathione-ascorbic acid system of the main species of decoratively-flowering plants used for blooming lawns in the urban environment are determined. The activity of catalase, peroxydase and polyphenoloxydase, and the content of glutathione and ascorbic acid in 13 plant species were analyzed. One of the basic criteria of plants tolerance is the level of prooxydative and antioxydative metabolic processes. The plantspeciesresistant to adverse conditions are recommended for use in the blooming lawns design in industrial cities.

51-64

Authors: M. O. Kravchenko, D. A. Shabanov, M. V. Vladimirova, G. M. Zholtkevych

The concept of stability used in ecology and mathematics is analyzed. Stability is interpreted as the ability of the system to remain in a restricted zone of a phase space that corresponds to a certain type of systems. This approach is applied to describe changes in the structure of hemiclonal population systems of hybridogenous complex of water frogs (Pelophylax esculentus complex). Simulation model of these population systems built on a recursive difference equations in MS Excel is used. The dynamics of transitions in the part of phase space of the hemiclonal population systems of water frogs is described. Typology of stabile states of biosystems is analyzed.

75-81

Authors: V. A. Kundiev, Y. M. Sytnyk

Ichthyologic research of the ponds of Nyvka River was carried out firstly. Results of the ecology-toxicological and ichthyological studies made in 2001–2005 are presented. Modern conditions of the commercial fish reproduction are estimated. Negative factors influenced on the reproduction are noticed.

89-100

Authors: I. N. Rusev, V. N. Zakusylo, A. A. Ovcharov

The analysis of ecology-epizootic monitoring of North-West coast of the Black sea carried out in wintering seasons of 2004, 2005 and 2011 testifies the basic role of the Mound-building mouse (Mus spicilegus Petenyi, 1882) as a carrier of Francisella tularensis. Spatial distribution of the Mound-building mouse strongly dependson a biotope, geographical region and weather conditions of a specific season. Mice nests in the storage mounds are located normally at a depth of 20–40 cm under the food storage chamber. Average number of the mice in storage mounds is 3.08 ± 1.54 in the south of investigated region and 3.88 ± 2.63 – in the NE of the region.

113-122

Authors: E. O. Tagunova

Changes of Mn content in the ordinary chernozem of the forb-fescue-stipa steppeunder the influence of oak afforestation within the Prisamar’ya Dniprovske region were studied. The increase of the Mn content in the soil under the artificial oak plantation was noted. The average gross content of Mn in the root layer of the chernozem improved by forest was 541.2 mg/kg and 139.2 mg/kg in the ordinary chernozem. Average content of potentially available metal (mobile forms) in the root layer is 0.5 mg/kg in chernozem improved by forest, and 0.2 mg/kg in the ordinary chernozem.

130-136

Authors: L. D. Orlova

The accumulation of litter on upland meadows in the studied area was calculated as 30.9–190.1 g/m2. For convenience the reserves can be divided into three groups. Depending on the weather conditions (temperature and rainfall) the litter consists of particular groupsand has specific content of solid matter. The energy content of the studied meadows’ litter fluctuated in the range of 36.9–837.0 kkal/m2 and depends onthe part of grass stand: upper, middle or lower one.

143-149

Authors: A. S. Yalovenko

The tree plantation’s vital status of the Shevchenko Park in Zaporizhzhya city was estimated according to N. P. Krasinsky’s method modified by Y. Z. Kulagin. The vitality of individual plants and stands as a whole was assessed according to V. A. Alekseev. The growth class of tree stands and the influence of the age class on the forest capacity class were determined. The defectiveness of tree stems in the park was estimated.

14-18

Authors: S. M. Kirienko, О. A. Didur

Effect of mammal fossorial activity as an ecological factor of the soil genesis intensification is studied. Enzymatic activity of soil as its ability to demonstrate a catalytic effect for various compounds transformation is examined. Variability of soil urease activity in technogenic conditions with the participation of animals is shown. The positive influence of animals’ activity on the catalitic ability of the investigated soils was determined. The statistically significant characteristics which have an influence on the urease activity in soil are found out.

34-38

Authors: L. P. Mytsyk, O. V. Kuznetsova

The possibility of use of the correlative pleiad method for vitality determination of polycentric biomorph of perennial cereals population has been shown. The increase of pleiad integrated index with each year indicated the progressive development of Poa angustifolia L. population and coinceded with invasion period of its vital functions. Value of this criterion ≥ 0.5 corresponded to a “normal” state of population. Its decrease testified the beginning of destructive processes.

46-53

Authors: N. M. Nazarenko, I. M. Loza

Conducted analysis of forest vegetation has allowed selecting and specifying classification and typological units of the aspen-and-birch separated small woods, which have statistically significant difference of ecotopic and coenotic parameters. Those parameters of studied forest ecosystems are characterised. Existence of the lines of hygrogenic and edaphogenic substitution, and succession rows are described. Phytoindication description of ecological factors’ pivotal conditions is presented. Driving factors determining parameters, structure and composition of the aspen-and-birch forest ecosystems are diminishing soil moisture, increasing annual temperatures amplitude and soil acidity.

61-68

Authors: V. I. Parpan, M. M. Mylenka

Procedure of the evaluation of ecological conditions of the urbanized and anthropogenically altered territories is suggested. The most informative markers of the urboanthropolical tension of the environment at different levels of a biosystem organization are determined. Rating scale of the vital power and bioindicative prospectivity of plants under conditions of anthropologically transformed ecotopes is composed.

76-80

Authors: O. A. Ponomaryova, V. P. Bessonova

Influence of deep rejuvenated pruning on renewal of trees’ crowns of the genus Tilia L. in conditions of pollution has been studied. The more intensive and prolonged growth of sprouts in rejuvenated trees was accompanied by more number of leaves in comparison with uncut trees. The almost full regeneration of the crown of rejuvenated trees is observed in several years.

87-93

Authors: V. S. Pushkar, V. I. Parpan

The structure of carabid communities of the forest ecosystems in the Gorgany Mountains was studied. The study of dominance structure as well as species and ecomorphic structures, and analysis of ecological groups of carabid communities were carried out. A synecological analysis detected the features of forming species composition and communities’ structure of carabids in the forest ecosystems of Gorgany Mountains. Stable and unstable carabid communities were detected.

101-105

Authors: V. N. Stolbunova

Zooplankton in the Lake Yakhrobolskoye was studied in the littoral overgrown with macrophytes and in the open part of the lake during the period of active functioning of zooplankton. The lake is not deep and has similar ecological conditions in its different parts that determine its weakly expressed specificity of the species composition of zooplankton complexes. The maximal density and biomass of zooplankton were recorded in the overgrown shallow part. Juvenile stages of copepods as food objects of plankton feeding fish are the most abundant in the lake. The lake is characterized as a eutrophic water body.

112-118

Authors: I. O. Filonik, L. F. Zamorueva, A. A. Kisla

Parameters of lipids metabolism such as a level of total lipids and their composition, and composition of free fatty acids in the chestnut, maple and oak seeds from several polluted sites of Dnipropetrovsk were investigated. The decrease of the content of total lipids in chestnut and maple seeds and increase in the oak seeds under conditions of industrial pollution have been found. The reduction of free fatty acids fraction in seeds of all studied trees is recorded. The revealed changes in the content of total lipids and their composition in trees’ seeds may reflect the adaptation possibilities to anthropogenic pollution in industrial region.

10-14

Authors: V. V. Bolgarin

The influence of abiotic factors on species of Amara, Ophonus, Harpalus in the urban environment has been studied. The features of the ground beetles distribution in the districts of Nikopol have been analysed. The influence of roadway on the vital fuctions of ground beetles has been cleared up. Quantitative data of Amara, Ophonus, Harpalus numbers in the town of Nikopol have been discussed. The advantage of natural factors over anthropogenic ones for the existence of soil mesofauna in industrial town has been established.

20-28

Authors: I. V. Zhernosekova, N. P. Chernogor, A. A. Tymchuk, A. I. Vinnikov

Nutritious medium for the streptomycete have been optimized by a method of experiment planning. Optimization of the fermentative medium by method combined planning of experiment (TFE 24 complete factorial) with a method of concentration gradient motion. Activity of staphylolytic enzymes synthesized by Streptomyces recifensis var. lyticus 2Р-15 was studed as a parameter of the medium optimization. The enzymes activity averaged 5589.4 Un/ml in the medium optimized by a path-of-steepest-ascent method. That exceeds 69–86 % up on the enzymes activity in a control medium derived by a simplex method of experiment planning.

37-41

Authors: G. A. Zajiko, J. V. Lykholat

The research of antioxidative enzymes activity of the basic representatives of groundcover plants used for the blossoming lawns design at various stages of their development was carried out. Activity of catalase, peroxydase and polyphenoloxydase was analysed in 26 plant species. It is determined, that one of the basic criteria of plants stability is the level of prooxidative and antioxidative metabolic processes. The features of the enzymes activity of antioxidative complex in studied plants are established. The plants species resistant to adverse conditions are recommended for making the blossoming lawns.

52-57

Authors: M. A. Kisyakova, A. F. Gavrilyuk, O. S. Voronkova, E. A. Sirokvasha, A. I. Vinnikov

A review of data from scientific sources, devoted to problems of liposomes’ structure, properties and processes of formation was made. Advantages of liposomes used for medical purposes are shown. Methods of liposomes administration in an organism are characterised. Data on mechanisms of interaction between liposomes and cells, peculiarities of liposomes’ lipids composition and dependence of its tropism to definite organs and tissues are generalised.

67-72

Authors: S. V. Kononenko

Influence of motor transport on microfauna in Dnipropetrovsk city is studied. It is established that mites groupments of roadside lawns in Dnipropetrovsk are characterised by the impoverished species richness of soil invertebrates, low number and relatively low resistance in relation to natural ecosystems. Dominant species are typical eurybionts Zygoribatula concina Iord., 1990 and Tectocepheus velatus Mich., 1880.

86-91

Authors: O. V. Kuznetcova

Data on the expansion of the use the plants growth regulators in different areas are presented. The positive impact of the growth stimulators on the development of the Pleurotus ostreatus mycelium’s on agar nutrient media during surface cultivation is shown. The results for growth regulators stimulating effect on the fungus biosynthetic activity in submerged cultures are obtained. The possibility of using fumar and heteroauxin for malting is considered. The decline of malting time and increase of amylolytic activity of the malt are recorded.

98-104

Authors: L. D. Orlova

The intensity of photosynthesis is studied in species of 20 families of Magnoliophyta (Angiospermae). It is revealed that in general, dicotyledons have a higher rate in comparison with the monocotyledonous plant by 10.0 %. The average values with limits from 3.6 to 39.3 mg СО2/dm2 per year are given. The studied species are classified by the ability to assimilate СО2. The rate dependence on a biomorph and hygromorph is determined. It is stressed that rhizome species have sufficient and high values of that rate. The dynamics of values during ontogenesis and impact of weather conditions on them are shown.

117-122

Authors: N. N. Tsvetkova, I. I. Saranenko

Influence of fertilizers application on the change of indexes of soil quality is studied. As a result of experiment for a period of 2005–2009 we established that the productivity of agricultural plants is multiplied under applying chemical matter in soil. The mobile forms of microelements are accumulated; indexes stipulating exchange processes in soil diminish. There are tendencies to oxidization and toxicity of land arable layer. Quality of land is appraised according to the 100-grade scale with a correction factor by the salt pH for the forest-steppe – 0.96. As a result the quality is decrease on 9.3 %.

9-14

Authors: E. M. Gurbanov, D. Molazem

Effects of saline stress (NaCl) on yield and vegetative characteristics of eight maize cultivars were studied. The cultivars K3615/1, S.C704, B73, S.C302, Waxy, K3546/6, K3653/2, and Zaqatala were cultivated in two plots of the Astara region: one was with normal soil and the other – with salty one. Salinization reduced the plant height, ear length, ear diameter, number of plant leaves, stem diameter, number of rows in an ear, number of grains in a row, and dry plant mass in all cultivars. Maximal ear length was observed in Zaqatala, B73, and S.C704, and the least one was detected in K3653/2. Salinization decreased crop yield of all the cultivars. Certain correlations between studied parameters were found.

20-24

Authors: V. N. Veremeev

Comparative data on structure and biomass of soil mesofauna depending on a biodiversity of vegetation of inundated meadows under conditions of anthropogenic influence are presented. By augmentation of vegetation diversity on meadows there is a tendency of increse of a biomass of soil invertebrates.

30-36

Authors: M. M. Golikova, I. О. Zaitseva

The most important tendencies of adaptation mechanisms were examined under the hydrothermal stress for the representatives of Acer L. Water and protein metabolisms were examined. Some species adapt themselves mainly due to activity of the protein system, othersconformat the expense of morphological structure of leaves along with theprotein synthetic system Certain dependence between studied parameters was found. The most resistant species to the droughty environment were found. The species can be recommended for an arrangement of green spaces.

41-45

Authors: L. G. Dolgova, M. V. Samoylova

It was proved that glutathione is an important indicator of the vegetation condition and persistence. According to the amount of glutathione the studied mespilus species are adapted to the environmental conditions. Increase of the glutathione amount is caused by some abiotic factors, e.g. temperature. Some differences of the glutathione content may be explained by the plants species patterns.

50-54

Authors: O. V. Korolev, L. I. Shendrik, О. О. Bojko, V. V. Brygadyrenko

Viable parasitic Mermithidae nematodes were revealed in the abdominal cavity of ground beetles imago Pterostichus melanarius (Illiger, 1798). Some unicellular parasites of suborder Eugregarinina were found in the intestinal tract of the P. melanarius. The percentage of nematodes and sporozoa invasion in P. melanarius was assessed for the conditions of Dnipropetrovs’k region. The carabus ability to be a host in the life cycles of nematodes and gregarines was analyzed.

63-68

Authors: A. F. Kulik, О. M. Vasilyuk

Research of catalase activity changes in connection with the free-radical oxidation is soil of natural and artificial ecosystems is conducted. The catalase is a plants’ enzyme of antioxidative protection. The catalase activity is a marker of variety and improvement of soils. It is important for the problems solutions in applied soil science. The aberrations of catalase, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activities characterise not only the metabolizing of plants, microorganisms and soils, but the level of the environmental pollution. The general activity of enzymatic systems allows ascertaining their role in the forming of biota components’ resistance to the exogenous influence. The seasonal dynamics of the soils’ catalase activity subject to the type of a biogeocenosis is disclosed.

77-83

Authors: Е. V. Lyapustina, Т. N. Satarova

The development dynamics and the structure of maize hybrid DK633/266´DK411 embryo in natural conditions were studied. The sequence of formation of basic embryo elements of the model hybrid according to its age could be used in biotechnological research for embryo isolation at a corresponding developmental stage. In the 14th day after pollination all the structural elements of embryo had been formed.

87-94

Authors: A. S. Saphonova, S. V. Reva

Natural overgrowing of dumps of the Kryvbas ore-dressing and processing enterprises with higher plants depending on the dumps’ age, ecological conditions and substrate is described. Better overgrowths are found on the dumps composed by the series: loess-like loams, quartzites, mixture of these substrates and limestone. We suppose that the character of successions depends on the effect of allelopathic factors.

102-109

Authors: N. A. Sitnik

Quantitative regularities of the filtration feeding of the Black Sea oyster depending on some ecological factors were studied. Influence of food concentration on filtration activity of shellfish is described. Dependences of filtration speed are certain on the body mass of oysters under different temperature conditions were found. The seasonal changes of its intensity in the Kerch Strait and the Donuzlav Estuary are illustrated. Influence of water salinity on filtration activity of the oyster is established.

116-121

Authors: І. O. Filonik, L. F. Zamorueva

The influence of heavy metals – nickel and chromium – on the indices of lipid metabolism in seeds of the maize hybrid Blith 160 MV at the germination was studied. The reduction of the total lipid content and phospholipids, but increase of lipases activity, sterols and free fatty acids in the germinating grains under the toxicant action were revealed. Changes in the lipids content and lipases activity in the germinating maize seeds may be used as markers of the heavy metals influence on plants.