European Geographical Studies

32-37

Authors: Tsisana Basilashvili

This article gives analysis of basic indicators of natural potential and usage of world and South Caucasus water resources, also discusses global problems of their condition. We should also note that ecologically sound, fresh water resources are one of the most important factors for sustainable development of the country economy. In the course of centuries up to recent decade, people assumed that water, air, forest and soil are elements of nature that can be utilized eternally and in any quantities. Though, due to population growth, industry and agriculture development, water demand has increased and resulted in sharp decrease of water resources. Against the background of present global climate warming and increase of man-made actions, water resources get intensively contaminated that finds extremely negative impact on development of the country economy and finally becomes a reason for different conflicts. This contributed to raising the question of rational usage and protection of water resources. Future growth of water consumption shall be grounded on increased level of river flow monitoring via construction of regulating water reservoirs. In agriculture, it is required to expand the network of sprinklers and introduce dripping irrigation. Important is also problem of stimulation of atmospheric precipitations for expansion of incoming water balance. Necessary complex schemes for water resource utilization shall be developed and protected based on reservoir management principles. Besides, the given work recommends set of measures for improvement of water resource management level.

51-56

Authors: Inna V. Buzyakova, Marina V. Dmitrievа

The natural conditions of the Astrakhan region largely differ from the natural conditions of most regions of Russia. The position of the area in the zone of deserts and semi-deserts causes its exoticism and uniqueness of environment increases the recreational appeal. It is favorably combines in the Astrakhan region the advantageous geographical position, natural potential and rich cultural heritage. This unique mix of historical, cultural and natural environment creates a good basis and perspective for the functional areas of planning for the development of tourism and recreation activities. The article examines the landscapes of delta of Volga river and the Volga-Akhtuba floodplain.

63-71

Authors: Elizaveta V. Kolotova

The article discusses the modern tendencies and experience of development of Northern territories in the Arctic sector – European (Norway, Sweden, Finland) and American (Canada, USA). The author comes to the following conclusions:  the involvement of national communities to tourist programs solves both social and environmental problems of communities;  social activity of national communities is possible only under condition of formation of corporate relations to tourism, the population that requires long and systematic outreach specialists in the community; the success of the tourism service is achieved after preliminary training of tourism service marketing and management that continually is a specially created organization "NUNANUT TOURISM", which not only conducts regular practical classes with the population, but also issued him with the help of the Agency "Parks Canada" (parks Canada), a special study guide, where at a very accessible language presented the fundamentals of cruise services in the national community and the principles of the tour operator.

4-11

Authors: Le Hung Trinh

Vietnam is a country rich in mineral resources, including coal, copper, oil, natural gas... Coal reserves, located mainly in the Quang Ninh province, have been estimated at 8.6 billion tons. Besides the economic and social benefits, coal mining has negative impacts on the environment, such as air and water pollution. This article presents study on application of remote sensing technique to evaluate air pollution on the mining area of Quang Ninh province, the northeastern coast of Vietnam, using multispectral image LANDSAT 5 TM. The results which are obtained in this study can be used to create air quality map, and to reduce environmental impacts of mining.

18-23

Authors: Galina V. Kryzhanovskaya, Irina S. Sharova, Alina S. Ivanova

This article examines the tourist infrastructure of the city of Astrakhan and Astrakhan region, evaluates the activities of the animation used by tourism organizations and its impact on the development of tourism in the region. The Astrakhan region has a favorable geographical position and draws as non-resident tourists and the indigenous inhabitants of the region, as a result, creates a huge potential for the development of different types of tourism in the territory, including animation and adventure activities that have a favorable impact on the development of domestic tourism in the region.

156-167

Authors: Yuriy V. Agarkov, Andrey Yu. Agarkov

In this paper we consider the structure of the universal synonymical and alternative-synonimical informational system. The purpose of the system is to store any information in the field of natural sciences. We describe main and associated storage objects, types of the tables for input/output and data structure of the basic dictionary of species, auxiliiary dictionaries, bibliographies and blocks of temporl-spatial spread.

175-180

Authors: Aleksei V. Egoshin

The article presents the results of the analysis of the species composition of invasive flora of the Russian Black Sea coast. Bioclimatic, ecological and geographical requirements for the most aggressive invasive species are given. Most subjects of invasive species naturalized in the south of the Russian Black Sea coast, historically confined to the biome deciduous temperate forests. Bioclimatic conditions of the south of the Russian Black Sea coast are suitable for the majority of alien species that creates the preconditions for the further spread of these species in the course of human development of the territory. As a result of climate change, conditions in the south of the Russian Black Sea will become even more comfortable for the spread of invasive species.

188-194

Authors: Galina A. Soltani, Irina V. Annenkova

At present, one of the problems of documenting collections of botanical gardens is the absence of systematization of plants, which would be generally accepted by the scientific community. Database information retrieval system "THEPLANTLIST is used to manage collections of the parks "Dendrarium" and "Southern cultures" of Sochi national Park. Database THEPLANTLIST was recommended by the Council of Botanical gardens of Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan to verify the nomenclature of the taxa. Additional sources are Database Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), Agricultural Department and RHS Plant Finder and Royal horticultural society. Alongside, we cannot reject the system of Asian botanists, because it limits the collections and will cause problems when restoring data. Monitoring collections is achieved by using applications developed on the basis of the geographic information system ArcGIS. Documenting botanical collections at the modern stage depends on subjective views of botanist.

114-127

Authors: Elizbar Sh. Elizbarashvili, Mariam E. Elizbarashvili, Nana Z. Chelidze, Cira J. Kamadadze

The climatic regime of soils in Adjara is examined. There are studied the soil heating coefficient, the peculiarities of heat exchange in the soil-air system, the effect of soil type and terrain altitude on temperature, as well as regularities of heat distribution in top and deep soil layers and soil humidity conditions. The climatic zoning of soils of Adjara is made.

137-145

Authors: Le Hung Trinh, Danh Tuyen Vu

Remote sensing technology with advantages such as wide area coverage and short revisit interval has been used effectively in the study of mineral mining and exploration. This article presents study on application of principle component analysis and band ratio method to detect copper mineral using multispectral image LANDSAT 7 ETM+ in Laocai province, the Northern of Vietnam. The results which are obtained in this study can be used to create distribution copper map, and to serve mineral mining and exploration.

68-74

Authors: Tsisana Basilashvili

The reaction of arid regions on global warming and anticipated process of desertification in Eastern Georgia is investigated. The statistical qualities of the Alazani river are presented for the vegetation period (April - September) along with runoff norms for hydrological section serving main irrigation systems. By using their dynamics through years the trands and tendencies of the changes have been identified. The figures are of scientific value and can by used indesigning and economic organizations for calculating water resources. By applying multifactorial model forecasting equations have been worked out for the Alazani water flow for the whole vegetation period as well as for individual quarters. The long-term prognosis allow rational and through planning of water resources utilization. Due to the warming trend, water evaporation will increase and the river flow will decrease, which will ultimately lead to the lack of water supply in irrigation period in summer. For the aim of mitigation of negative consequences of drought, a set of measures is recommended.

83-91

Authors: Rüştü Ilgar

This study is conducted to determine the amount of heavy metal in peaches which are grown in Umurbey lowland, Çanakkale. Samples, taken from the peaches which grow in different regions of Umurbey, are analysed in the Laboratory of Provincial Directorate of Food, Agriculture and Livestock of Çanakkale (Çanakkale İl Gıda Tarım ve Hayvancılık Genel Müdürlüğü Labaratuvarı) with method of wet decomposition by using Unicam 929 Atomic Absorption Spectrometer. As a result of the analyse, amount of six heavy metal, cadmium, aluminium, lead, zinc, copper, iron, manganese, and nickel in the peaches are determined. Depending on the findings, recommendations were made in sugestions.