Vestnik of Vitebsk State Technological University

13-23

Authors: Horobets Vasyl, Manoilenko Oleksandr, Dvorzhak Volodymyr

The task of this paper is an analysis of opportunities provided by the approximate cinematic synthesis of three-dimensional straight-line steering mechanism when regarding it as a flat one, with the specific task shown as an example: designing of looper mechanism for chain stitch sewing machine. For solving the objectives set by this paper, classical analytical methods applicable in the theory of machines and mechanisms were used (closed vector paths method) as well as analytical geometry methods; weighted difference method was also used for approximate synthesis of the mechanism. In addition to the above, the determination of mechanism performance values was done through the method of the best approximation of the specified function. Three-dimensional five-link looper mechanism was viewed as a flat four-link one. For performing the synthesis in two ways it was shown that the partial declination of the pathway traced out by the driven link of the three dimensional five-link element is insufficient and does not exceed hundredth of a millimeter when compared with the similar part of the pathway traced out by four-link element, which proves the sufficient accuracy of the approximate method. As a result of the work carried out the practicality of the given method was proven as well as the reasonability of its use in design practice when creating new three-dimensional mechanisms for consumer industry.

30-38

Authors: Kazarnovskaya Galina, Abramovich Natallia

The subject of the study is two types of historical belts made by hand weaving in the first half of the 18th century in Slutsk and Lyon manufactories. The work is devoted to the identification of their differences in both external stylistic characteristics and structure, manufacturing technology. Distinctive features of the developed technology of reconstruction on the modern weaving equipment with use of information technologies of the studied belts taking into account their type are considered. The carried out researches helped to optimize some technological features of production on the modern equipment of the products which were historically carried out in technology of manual weaving.

46-53

Authors: Konovalov Konstantin, Burkin Alexander

The article is devoted to development of research methodology of wear resistance of working footwear. It allows evaluating and predicting its operational properties. The proposed approach to assessing the performance properties of working footwear is based on the theory of reliability. The research involves defining the resource of its constituent parts as interrelated elements having a common hierarchical scheme.

68-80

Authors: Petsiul Iryna, Sapelko Victoria

The article presents the requirements of regulatory legal acts for clothing designed to protect against the cold. The article shows that the most important indicator of the protective properties of special clothing is the total thermal resistance. Methods are determined that allow to define this indicator. The results of research materials are presented, performed by the standard method and known alternative methods. The following methods define the individual characteristics of the measurement accuracy: measurement error and uncertainty. Conclusions are drawn on methods which are more acceptable for production control. The results can be used by clothing enterprises specializing in the manufacture of personal safety gear, as well as conformity assessment body of products and testing laboratories.

91-102

Authors: Radyuk Anastasia, Burkin Alexander

Polyurethanes are widely used in the shoe industry. Products from polyurethane are exposed to various influences. This causes aging. This article describes how to evaluate the properties of the soles during storage in natural climatic conditions. Aging coefficients have been obtained according to certain physical, mechanical and performance characteristics. A comprehensive quality assessment was carried out.

111-116

Authors: Skobova Natallia, Sosnovskaya Anastasiya

When using clothes, the material undergoes different types of deformation: stretching, compression, bending, torsion, the value of which is much less than the breaking one. Small in size, these loads, alternating with unloading and rest, weaken the structure of the material. Work has been done to determine the effect of the tension of the complex high-shrinkable thread and the processing temperature on the deformation characteristics of the combined high-shrinkable threads. Regression models of the interrelation of the analyzed factors on the unbreaking single-cycle characteristics of a combined thread are developed. The optimal modes of the process of forming the thread and its heat treatment were chosen to obtain a combined high-shrinkable thread with a minimum value of the irreversible part of the deformation.

128-137

Authors: Zimina Аlena, Pankevich Darya, Goryacheva Svetlana

The article discusses the development of a comprehensive indicator of company’s environmental sustainability assessment on the basis of various factors. In the course of the study, the conceptual basis for the formation of indicators is substantiated. The article presents the method of integrated assessment of the sustainability of the enterprise’s environmental development, which is characterized by a wide range of indicators covered, calculation data that can be collected without much difficulty, the proposed indicators are transparent and independent, and the calculation of a complex indicator using the simplest functions of a table editor is easy. Interpretation of the complex assessment obtained enables to determine the state of the environmental aspect of the company’s development by the numerical value of the indicator.

147-156

Authors: Kauchur Andrei, Manak Pavel, Kauchur Siarhei, Patotski Vasil`, Sergeev Vacheslav

Main objective of the presented work is the research influence of additives of technogenic products of chemical water treatment of combined heat and power plant on physical-and-mechanical properties of paving slabs. Modern trends in technological development envisage the processing of technogenic products of the energy complex using them in the production of building and finishing materials, which is an important reserve of resource saving in construction. The X-ray phase analysis of technogenic products of chemical water treatment is presented. As a result of the research conducted, the possibility of using such waste for the production of general purpose building materials based on concrete mixtures has been established. For the manufacture of experimental batches, the dosages of the components were calculated taking into account the addition of chemical water treatment sludge. At JSC «Obolsky Ceramic Plant» a pilot experimental batch of paving slabs was made for further research of physical, chemical and physical-mechanical parameters. Studies have shown that adding from 7 to 10 % of waste improves the molding properties of cement mortar in the production of paving slabs.

168-175

Authors: Yasinskaya Natallia, Skobova Natallia, Sergeev Vacheslav

Authors proposed modes of processing garments from cotton fabrics, including the operation of enzyme washing and chemical softening by periodic method with the use of drugs preparations of the company f. Archroma (Switzerland) and OOO «Ferment » (Republic of Belarus) in order to form coloristic and structural effects. Authors studied the physical and mechanical properties obtained after processing of product samples; a decrease in the strength properties, the mass of the finished products and their shrinkage were found. Visual and tactile assessment of the produced coloristic effects showed the effectiveness of using enzymes to modify the surface of the material. The obtained results allow us to recommend enzyme agents of local manufacturer for the processing of sewing cotton products.

187-203

Authors: Vailunova Yulia, Yashava Galina

The theoretical bases of integration in cluster structures, including types of integration communication and formation of effect in cluster structures are developed in the article. A methodology has been developed for assessing the level and development prospects of the organization’s integration communication. The methodology was tested on the example of the textile and clothing industry of the Republic of Belarus. The directions for creating cluster structures in the textile and clothing industry have been determined.

216-224

Authors: Polovtsev Maxim

The reform of the public finance system of the Republic of Belarus, aimed at increasing its efficiency and management quality, largely affects the country's budget system, including regional budgets. Traditionally, budget analysis is associated with the structure of income and expenses. Of particular practical interest is the matrix, which contains quantitative indicators of revenue streams to finance specific expenses. With its help, you can get detailed information about the directions and amount of funds, as well as assess the state of the budget from the impact of management decisions. The calculation of the «income-consumption» matrix can be carried out in two ways – in the standard version and using economic and mathematical methods. Testing this matrix on the example of the budgets of the regions and the city of Minsk shows that, despite the relatively similar structure of income and expenditure, the distribution of flows is extremely heterogeneous. The resulting matrix has a large dimension and is difficult for visual review. Despite its advantages, it has several disadvantages. Creating a system of end-to-end planning on the basis of regional budget flow matrices can help governments improve financial manageability and intensify the socio-economic situation of a region.

18-28

Authors: Kazarnovskaya Galina, Samutsina Natallia

The article deals with the issues of creating a structure of competitive jacquard fabrics for household use made of flax. Modern design of jacquard fabric drawings was created with the help of CorelDraw and Adobe Photoshop software packages. Operating time of prototypes of fabrics was carried out in the conditions of RUPTE «Orsha Linen Mill». Drawings of fabrics in the material acquired artistic expressiveness, the structure of fabrics became three-dimensional and relief, thanks to the use of interlacing single-layer, two-layer, two and a half layers simultaneously in one fabric.

37-44

Authors: Rubanik Vasili, Bahrets Dzmitry, Savitski Uladzislau, Urban Vadzim

The work is devoted to the study of ion-plasma coatings of titanium nitride (TiN) used in medicine. In particular, the regularities of changes in the parameters of the crystal lattice, microhardness and biological inertness of these coatings after annealing in air were investigated. It is shown that lowtemperature (≤500 °C) annealing did not lead to a qualitative change in the phase composition of titanium nitride. The hardness of TiN coatings on the steel substrate was significantly dependent on the temperature: it was comparable with the hardness of the substrate at 300 °C, close to the hardness of the substrate at 400 °C and had high, typical for technical use values at 500 °C. The value of the potential difference of samples with TiN coating for all modes met the requirements of the interstate standard for dental metallic prostheses with protective and decorative coatings and varied in the range from 370 to 400 mV.

52-61

Authors: Savitski Vasili, Holubeu Aliaksei, Bykouski Dzianis

The subject of research is the influence of different 3D printing parameters on accuracy and quality of the final product. During the work test models were designed. They were printed for further analysis. Based on the measurements made, limitations on the ability to print small geometric elements of the model are revealed. The influence on the resulting products accuracy of the following parameters of the 3D printer software has been studied: the print quality mode setting; the fill density setting; adjustment of the extrusion ratio. The data obtained can be used for details printing to control their quality and accuracy. The results of the work will be used to develop an application for preparing a 3D model for printing.

74-83

Authors: Matveika Mikalai, Zarapin Vitali, Lugin Valeri, Artimovich Viktor

The purpose of the research is to study the microstructure and chemical composition of the boundary layers of concrete and fiber treated with anticorrosive and anchoring compositions and their influence on the mechanical properties of steel-fiber-reinforced concrete. Using electron microscopy and micro-X-ray analysis, it has been found that the treatment of steel fiber with an anticorrosive composition based on zinc phosphate and orthophosphoric acid, and also with an anchoring composition modified with white clay, leads to the chemical bonding of the cement stone of concrete to the surface of the fibers. The treatment of the surface of the fiber with a clay-modified anchoring composition allows the formation of a mechanically strong layer that combines the contacting phases of the concrete cementitious cement and the anchoring coating on the fiber. The use of the anchoring composition leads to the formation of intermediate layers from the interaction products of the coating components on the fiber and the cement concrete stone, which combine the contacting phases. The strength of the contact zone of cement stone and the strength of its chemical bonding with the anchoring composition on the surface of the fibers makes it possible to pinch the steel filament along the entire length, minimizing the possibility of unobstructed stretching of the fiber under the action of loads, which leads to an increase in the strength of the dispersed reinforced concrete.

95-103

Authors: Yasinskaya Natallia, Kulnev Alexander

Theoretical and experimental studies of the processes of impregnation of textile materials with polymeric binders during the formation of layered composite materials were carried out. Mathematical models have been obtained that allow determining the thickness of the polymer binder on the surface of a textile fabric when joined to the base fabric under the action of pressure rolls. As a result of experimental studies, it was found that for layered textile materials with a top layer of woven fabric the optimum value of the polymer binder film thickness is 0,03–0,06*10-3m. Also, experimentally obtained values of the effective pore radius into which the polymer binder penetrates for textile materials used in the formation of layered (composite) textile materials, is in the range of 20–100 microns.

112-122

Authors: Aliakseyeva Alena

The article presents the results of the labour costs study by the method developed by the author. The methodology is supplemented with indicators of variable and fixed labour costs, as well as the allocation of investment and compensation labour costs for the purpose of managing them. The differences in the mechanism of management of the labour costs types indicated are identified. The methodology was tested on the data of industrial organizations of the Bellegprom concern differentiated by industry. According to the results of the analysis, a discrepancy in the priorities of the organizations’ personnel policy to the modern requirements of an innovative economy and an intensively renewed commodity market, as well as the prevalence of current personnel tasks over strategic personnel priorities are revealed. The results of testing this methodology allowed us to develop recommendations for labour costs managing and improving their structure. In particular, the need is justified to ensure the labour costs financing in accordance with the priorities of personnel policy through the optimization of their structure. The results and recommendations developed can be used by cloth, shoe and textile industry organizations to improve the efficiency of labour costs.

135-142

Authors: Menshikov Vladimir, Volkova Olga

The article presents the basic principles of access to health care from the perspective of economics. The affordability of healthcare implies adequate medical expenses and is based on the principle of equity. Based on a statistical analysis of international survey data provides a comparative assessment of healthcare affordability in Latvia, offered realistic solutions to one of the most pressing problems to improve the quality of life of the population. The healthcare access is determined by two areas of positive development of the country – the economic growth and the institutional maturity, synthesized by social justice. In other words, greater accessibility of medical services for the population can and should be achieved not only by increasing the labor productivity of workers, introducing new technologies and other components of economic growth, but also by adjusting higher-quality state and non-state institutions, their effective interaction along the paths to achieve economic growth and quality of life of the population.

155-159

Authors: Jasińska-Biliczak Anna

Blockchain is not only the innovation or technology, it is very wide notion including lots of scientific disciplines – but without doubt it may have the biggest influence at the economics, especially innovation and entrepreneurship. Article’s aim is the study of the issue of the blockchain idea as the part of the sustainable development concept. To illustrate such undertaken problem there will be discussed the role and a place of blockchain technology in spreading knowledge among enterprises. For achievement of this aim there will be used the literature review from the scope of sustainable development as well as innovation, knowledge transfer and entrepreneurship (desk research). After such stated analysis it is possible to state that blockchain has got the possibility, as an internet at its early beginning, be the common technology used by enterprises in the future. There is also a value that blockchain is usually owned by the public. But the most important is its influence at enterprises development by knowledge transfer security.

12-17

Authors: Gorbachik Vladimir, Bashkina Vladislava

The article presents results of studies of changes in the parameters of shoe last footstep of women's shoes with a particularly high heel. The benchmark analysis of experimental and theoretical data of the change in the amount of shoe last (insole) footstep shear of the shoe in the heel part is made. The shear depends on shoe size and pitch. It is found that the value of the insole shear in the heel part in the series varies insignificantly when the pitch remains unchanged. An increase in the height of the heel part elevation of the shoe increases the insole shear in the extreme dimensions of the series by 5–6 mm. In the series of shoe lasts of high-heeled shoes, the insole shear is 9–11 mm. The constant value of functional allowance set by GOST for shoe lasts in the toe part violates the basic principle of grading, the principle of similarity, which can lead to the fact that in shoes with extra high heels the length of the shoe last footstep will be less than the length of the foot, which is not permissible. The research detected such cases in practice, which proves the need to increase the size of the functional allowance in shoes with extra high heels. The suggestion is made to introduce a system of footwear numbering uniform for all countries, taking into account the wide development of Internet commerce.

24-32

Authors: Kazarnovskaya Galina, Mandrik Alena

The subject of study is to work out two-sided linen two-ply wraps using fragmentary motives of Slytsk belts in the pattern: the compositional analysis of art prototype characteristics was done, the stylization of floral ground that is the basis of the textile sketches collection was detected, the intertwinings for every color effect of two-sided wraps, that were produced on the loom Picanol with the jacquard machine Bonas, were worked out, physico-mechanical characteristics were studied, the assortment of competitively products was expanded.

42-48

Authors: Naumenko Alexander, Karpushenko Inna

The article discusses the possibility of analysis of the degree of floor carpet wear by their reflectivity indicators. It is shown that the wear of floor carpets considerably changes their optical properties. By analyzing these properties, there is a possibility of an adequate assessment of the quality of carpets after a certain usage period. The work presents the abovementioned technique of using the standard photoblocker and a method to construct a luminous portrait of the carpet, which is an assessment of the reflectivity uniformity of carpet surface area.

63-69

Authors: Romanovich Aleksandr, Sunkuev Boris

The subject of the investigation is the determination of forces effecting the cutter during shoe materials cutting with an analytical method. The research is being carried out to improve the accuracy of the design of tooling for a sewing semi-automatic machine. Determination of forces affecting the cutter during shoe materials cutting is done applying analytical method which is based on the representation of forces as functions of the relative deformation of material, numerical integration of these functions, and compilation of a program for determination of these forces. Using experimentally obtained data a technique is developed for the analysis of forces affecting the cutter during shoe materials cutting.

79-87

Authors: Charkovskij Alexander, Goncharov Vadim

The aim of the work is to study the features of the formation of a knitwear three-dimensional structure, including those made using multifilament yarns. Experimental samples of products are made. The peculiarities of the structure of high-volume knitted garments of plush interlacing made of multifilament polyester yarns of JSC "Svetlogorsk Khimvolokno" are investigated. The expediency of using multi-filament yarns produced by JSC "SvetlogorskKhimvolokno" for manufacturing high-volume knitted garments is established.

96-102

Authors: Piatrova-Kuminskaya Sviatlana, Mironava Aliaksandra, Garanina Olga

The work investigated the possibility of combining the antibacterial treatment with the process of dyeing fabrics, containing polyester fibers, using triclosan. A feature of the chosen biocide is its ability to plasticize the polyester structure and facilitate dye diffusion, which will allow to lower the dyeing temperature of 30–40 °C (to 100 °C) or at high temperature dyeing decrease the consumption of the dye due to its greater selectability. It is shown that by using the triclosan color intensity increases while color stability persists. The fact of obtaining antibacterial properties is proved. Triclosan can not only provide a reduction in energy consumption during dyeing but also eliminate the antibacterial treatment at final finishing step. It can be recommended for the dyeing of fabrics that contain polyester fibers.

109-114

Authors: Chepelov Stanislav

The paper describes the criteria of assessment the environmental risk of oil products con-taminate not only for individual water bodies, but also for individual territories, including admin-istrative region and areas where data will be used to compare the environmental load. The aim of the work is to assess the environmental risk of pollution of water bodies in the Vitebsk region with oil products. The catchment areas of the Western Dvina River in the Polotsk and Braslav districts were chosen as a research object. In the developed model, the calculation is made according to four blocks of factors: a block of technogenic factors, a block of natural factors, a block of anthropogenic factors, and a block of factors that depend on the time of the year. A total of 20 criteria have been developed, divided into four blocks of factors.

123-133

Authors: Kasayeva Tamara, Chakhovich Elena

Such a form of housing stock management as an owners’ association is now distributed in the Republic of Belarus. The effectiveness of the activities of the owners' associations attracts the increased attention of various users. At the same time, economic science and practice does not have a systemic integrated approach to assessing the effectiveness of functioning these organizational and legal forms of organizations. The aim of the study was to develop an integrated methodology for assessing the effectiveness of owners’ associations from the point of view of all stakeholders – state, population and directly the association itself as an institutional unit of the national economy. In this paper, the authors proposed an integrated assessment to assessing the effectiveness of activities of owners’ associations, in which frameworks such concepts as "economic effectiveness", "social efficiency", "budget efficiency". From the point of view of economic effectiveness, the activities of the owners’ associations will be effective if the maintenance costs are fully reimbursed by the revenues received. Consequently, the economic effectiveness for owners’ associations is the ratio of the income received and expenses related to the maintenance of an apartment house. On the other hand, the owners’ associations are called upon to meet the needs of the population to the greatest extent. Social efficiency is defined as the correspondence of the results of the economic activities of the owners’ associations to the basic social needs and goals of society, to the interests of the individual. Taking into account that the owners’ associations receive budget subsidies as a reimbursement of part of the maintenance and housing maintenance costs, one can not ignore the budgetary component of the evaluation of the effectiveness of their activities, which can be defined as an indicator of the budget burden as a result of the participation of budget subsidies in the formation of the income of the owners’ associations. The developed indicators on all aspects of the effectiveness assessment make it possible to comprehensively analyze the activity of the owners' associations and determine the reserves for improving the efficiency of the functioning of such organizations. For the generalized estimation of efficiency, an integral coefficient is developed and variants of its interpretation are proposed under different conditions.

149-155

Authors: Kireyeva Alena, Navumchyk Siarhei

The article is devoted to the research of theoretical and analytical approaches to the formation of tax environment. The definitions of tax environment as well as factors that influence it are studied. The main elements and system indicators of tax environment (structure of tax system, tax burden, dynamics of taxpayers, satisfaction with tax services quality) are analyzed. It’s justified that modernization of tax administration in the direction of the improvement of tax environment quality should be focused on the strengthening of the interaction with taxpayers. The conclusions about the improvement of tax environment quality are made.

164-178

Authors: Kraenkova Kristina, Vankevich Alena

The article provides an analytical overview of the prerequisites for the emergence of social entrepreneurship, studied the world experience in the development of social entrepreneurship and the factors affecting it. The conducted researches showed that modern development tendencies promote the promotion of new types of entrepreneurial activity all over the world, including social entrepreneurship. The results of the empirical study were a statistical study of the relationship between determinants that affect the development of social entrepreneurship in the Republic of Belarus, which showed different degree

14-20

Authors: Zimina Alena, Kogan Alexander

The paper presents an analysis of the main regularities of the process of cutting textile waste as elastic-plastic materials. It is established that by varying the technological parameters of the cutting tool: the number of blades, the diameter of the rotor mandrel, the thickness of the rotor body, the height and length of the knives, the angle of their inclination, and the size of the cells of the screening screen, the pulp achieves a uniform consistency and the particle size is reduced to the required value. Calculated analytical expressions and mathematical models are obtained to determine the parameters of grinding elastoplastic materials from the position of particle size in the total fiber mass.

29-36

Authors: Kirillov Aleksey, Sakevich Valerij

The subject of this research is a benchmark analysis of methods for single-item production of dials for electrical measuring instruments. The research was held with the aim to improve the quality of produced dials and also to enhance efficiency of printing the information signs and labels onto the dial. The research uses mathematical tool of digital image processing and the position detection of instrument’s pointer indicator in real time. The laser engraving method is used to improve the production quality of dials. The structure of hardware and software complex is developed as well as software for operation control. Hardware and software complex for production of dials is developed and introduced into manufacturing process.

45-52

Authors: Pyatov Vladislav, Holubeu Aliaksei, Shyrayeu Pavel

The subject of the study is calculating technique and design technique for geometric parameters of forming tool and screw of the extruder for plasticized compressible materials processing. The developed technique is based on a theoretical model linking the rheological and tribotechnical properties of material with geometric parameters of screw channel and forming tool of extruder. Examples of performing this kind of calculations and brief description of developed software application are given. The developed technique and software allows designing screw-type extruders for plasticized materials with optimal geometric parameters of forming tool and power screw, and allows reducing the time for 3D-modelling and drafting. The results of the work can be used in the design of specialized equipment for screw extrusion of composite materials.

60-67

Authors: Skobova Natallia

At the knitting enterprises of the Republic of Belarus, the assortment of manufactured products is constantly updated, new types of raw materials are being searched that satisfy the producer in terms of quality and price. The work was done to verify the possibility of using of a viscose air-jet yarn (Vortex®) of a linear density of 20 tex in knitting production. The complex analysis of the properties of the yarn showed its compliance with the world analogs, the quality index according to Uster Statistics USP is 6–25 %. The yarn is characterized by higher strength and elastic properties compared to the rotor spinning yarn, which is a closely related kind. Significant difference in the price factor is not observed. According to the results of the research, Vortex® yarn can be recommended for knitting enterprises to expand the range of products.

78-85

Authors: Charkovskij Alexander, Goncharov Vadim

The purpose of the work is to study the features of the structure of knitwear produced using multifilament yarns and to determine the feasibility of using these yarns in the production of socks. Experimental samples of products are made. The peculiarities of the structure of knitwear of the plaited weaves made of multifilament polyester yarns of the company "SvetlogorskKhimvolokno" are examined. The expediency of using multifilament polyester yarns for fabrication of socks with a paid flip weave has been established. The results of the work are recommended for use in the development of an assortment of socks.

95-100

Authors: Kupchik Lidija, Denisovich Vasiliy, Salavor Oksana, Nychyk Oksana

An improved method of mercerizing plant wastes (with an example of rice husk). The degree of swelling in water, static ion-exchange capacity and sorption activity concerning toxic metals Cd(II), Pb(II) and Sr(II) ions are studied for untreated and mercerized rice husk. It was shown that the degree of swelling of the material and its sorption properties increase along with the increase of alkali concentration and the ratio of solid-liquid phase.

108-114

Authors: Matsukevich Irina, Shevchuk Viacheslau, Polhovskya Olga, Matrunchik Julia, Kaniok Denis, Vashook Vladimir

Magnesium oxide is used as adsorbent, catalyst and material for decontamination of chemicals and toxic substances. This is important for water and gas purification. In this work mesoporous magnesium oxide was prepared from bischofite water solutions by easy and cheap wet chemistry method. It is established that the nanostructured mesoporous powder of magnesium oxide is an effective sorbent of heavy metal ions in aqueous media. The possibility of the increasing adsorption capacity of MgO by chemical activation with magnesium chloride has been studied. It was revealed that in the presence of chloride ions the adsorption capacity of MgO powder increases by 20–30 % with respect to the heavy metal ions. That means magnesium oxide can be considered as a practically significant material for purification of bischofite from heavy metal impurities.

123-131

Authors: Gruznevitch Kate, Shchelkunova Zlata

The article presents the results of the study of new foreign approaches to the evaluation of the efficiency of the commercial organization, namely: evolution, essence, key indicators, advantages and disadvantages. The problem of their use under the conditions of the economy of the Republic of Belarus is determined. The author's methodology for a comprehensive assessment of efficiency based on the compilation of new approaches was developed, taking into account the adaptation to the practice of domestic organizations, the evaluation stages were examined in detail, and approbation was carried out using the example of an industrial organization in Vitebsk, which enabled to determine efficiency in terms of a targeted approach and depart from the traditional cost- respiratory approach. This gives the organization greater flexibility for its management, the ability to react more quickly to changes in the external environment and to take into account the specific features of its activities.

140-151

Authors: Kasayeva Tamara, Tsynkovich Oksana

The subject of study is the relationship of innovation and sustainable development of a commercial organization as a whole and in individual aspects of these processes. The aim is to estimate the degree of innovation impact on the sustainable development of the organization, including its economic, environmental and social components. Object of research is industrial organizations of Vitebsk. The working hypothesis of the study: innovative activity of the commercial organization and its elements: innovative potential, innovative activity and effectiveness of innovation have different effects on some aspects of sustainable development of the organization. A system of indicators is developed to describe the interrelated processes: the innovation activities of the organization and its sustainable development. For quantitative characteristics of the studied processes authors designed a matrix of the relationship aspects of sustainable development and innovation organizations. The results obtained allowed to establish the re lationship existing between the studied phenomena, both as a whole and in the context of their individual components. As a result of studies the following conclusions were obtained. Firstly, innovative potential has the most powerful influence on the sustainable development of industrial organization. Secondly, innovation has a significant impact on the economic and environmental development of objects of research and to a lesser extent on their social development. Consequently, the social component of innovation processes needs focusing on to ensure a balanced and sustainable development of industrial organizations of Vitebsk.

162-171

Authors: Prokhorenkova Irina

The article presents theoretical analysis of sport marketing definitions and the main components of modern sport marketing. The need to develop universal marketing model was proved. Sport marketing model was developed and its main components were described. In the model sport marketing was divided in two main parts commercial and non-commercial. Effective marketing concepts regarding the developed model were described. Within the commercial marketing such components as sport event, sponsorship, professional athletes, and a sport building were analyzed. The market saturation coefficient of Minsk city fitness clubs was calculated on the basis of approved technique. The author offered and proved the technique of the coefficient of the square and range factor use for calculation of population sports buildings ensuring. Among sport buildings operation of fitness clubs was thoroughly analyzed. Regarding non-commercial part of marketing practical survey of main marketing components such as the most or least age segment, main reasons of going in for fitness and it disclaimer was offered and performed. The amount of Vitebsk city residents engaged in active way of life was estimated. In the article it was logically proved that sport marketing is a wide and actual theme affecting different areas of life of modern people and society in general.

20-25

Authors: Bashmetau Valery

The subject of research is the process of shedding on narrow looms. The article analyses parameters of shedding under a sinusoidal law of motion of the heddles frame and studies motion parameters rapier for weft insertion in the shed. It shows the possibility of reducing the height of the shed depending on the width of the produced ribbons, spade value of narrow looms and other factors. The results of calculations of the motion of the heddles frame for the conditions of the production of narrows of different width are presented. The proposed method allows determining the optimal adjustment parameters of shedding for each specific refueling of narrow looms to reduce the height of the throat, reducing deformation of the warp threads in shedding, reducing breakage, improving the quality of narrow fabrics and reduce dynamic loads.

33-40

Authors: Biziuk Andrei, Yasinskaya Natallia

The article describes the process of impregnating of reinforcing fibrous fillers made from chemical fibers during the production of fibrous polymeric composites. The impregnation is one of the most important stages of the production of such materials, affecting the operating characteristics of finished products. Strong influence on the quality of impregnation has a porous structure of a reinforcing fiber material. In order to analyze the impregnation process and regulation of the capillary properties of the reinforcing fibrous material, simulation of its porous structure was carried out. The mathematical model and software based on it that performs the simulation of the porous structure of the fiber material was created. Comparison of simulation results with experimental data was conducted, which showed high accuracy of the model.

53-60

Authors: Zimina Аlena, Bodyalo Nataliya, Garskaya Nataliya

For successful work of garment factories producing women's clothing in the domestic market it’s necessary to have more precise information not only on the size of the model figures, but also on its distribution among the population, since this determines the volume of output. By the order of consortium «Bellegprom» mass measurements of the female population were arranged. The results of measurements confirmed the trend of leading the dimensional characteristics of female population in the direction to reducing the size of shapes and to increasing in the result of of acceleration.

71-80

Authors: Levshitskaya Olga, Ryklin Dzmitry, Agiewitsch Dmitry

The purpose of the study is to assess the changes of the thermoregulatory ability of textile material as a result of its processing of microencapsulated phase change materials. The subject of the study is lining polyester textile material. As a result it was confirmed that the treatment of textile materials with microencapsulated substances by the method of impregnation affects the thermoregulatory ability of the investigated material and has higher expansion properties, it can also store and give off heat

88-98

Authors: Alshanski Anatoli, Klimentyev Andrej

A new calculation method for leather drying kinetics is proposed. The results of examination of leather drying with method of regular regime of raw bodies heating on the basis of complex generalized variables are presented. Experimental data processing for determining of drying ratio is developed which allows for determining the drying period. The formula validity is verified and the benchmark analysis of experimental data and calculated ones is performed applying the formulae.

109-121

Authors: Popok Nikolay, Hmelnicky Ruslan, Anisimov Vitali

Turning of conical and spherical surfaces of the parts is reviewed. Rational scheme (sequence) of stock removal, the combination of values of linear velocities of the workpiece and tool movements that are relevant in the development of control programs for CNC machines is selected and considered. The parameter of given temperature change rate is introduced. The results of measurements of the machined surface roughness of the parts with different base length measurement are given.

130-139

Authors: Ulyanаva Natalya, Ryklin Dzmitry

The work aimed at improving the quality indicators reinforced sewing thread LL. As result of the work done, the force of normal pressure of the braid fibers on the core component of the reinforced yarn is determined. The frictional force between the complex filament and the coating in the structure of the reinforced yarn is calculated. The force of resistance of the coating fibers to the misalignment of the filament is calculated from the thread. The influence of unevenness on the linear density of the coating on the degree of fastening of the braid on the surface of the complex filament is established. The dependence of the specific frictional force arising between the coating fibers and the complex filament in the braiding layers of the reinforced 16.7 tex fiber of the normalized value of the linear density of the filament is obtained. The nominal linear density of the filament is calculated in the most thinned place, taking into account the deviation of the linear density in the smaller direction.

149-154

Authors: Kozlovskaja Inna, Marcul' Vladimir

The influence of leaching agent nature of process on lanthanum leaching ratio from spent petroleum hydrocarbon cracking catalyst has been established. It has been identified that aluminum is extracted in addition to lanthanum by the acid leaching of waste catalyst. The methods of lanthanum precipitation over aluminum from waste cracking catalyst leaching solutions by evaporation of nitrate leaching solution have been proved. Directions to use lanthanum-containing products have been offered.

164-170

Authors: Matveika Mikalai, Braikova Ala, Sadovski Viktor

Applying stripping voltammetry method it was established that all 8 shampoos samples studied contained zinc (6,8–13,9 mg/kg), copper (0,09–1,57 mg/kg) and lead (0,22–0,54 mg/kg), and zinc contained in amounts greater than other heavy metals in tens and hundreds of times. Cadmium and mercury are found in shampoos of 3 out of 8 samples studied: 0,008–0,017 mg/kg and 0,02–0,39 mg/kg, respectively. The content of lead and mercury is 5—22 and 2,5—50 times as low as the permissible level, regulated by the Technical Regulations of the Customs Union RHR-009, respectively.

179-187

Authors: Tsimanava Alena, Hrachanikau Aliaksandr, Semianchukova Iryna, Tsimanov Ivan

The article analyses problems which lead to the necessity of development of the new concept of the practice-oriented ecological education. It is noted that one of the factors constraining development of tutoring and education in this direction is low level of readiness of the modern teacher for exercise of education in the field of ecological environment. On the basis of the research held within the international project TEMPUS EcoBRU «Ecological Education for Belarus, Russia and Ukraine» and educational and methodical materials of distant advanced training courses for teachers of professional educational institutions are developed. The main objective of the developed courses is integration of knowledge of ecological environment and a subject of vocational training of specialists on the basis of the practice-oriented approach. The developed courses have been tested in target groups of teachers, and also in educational process of «VSTU» and received positive assessment of experts of the project. Introduction of courses promotes inclusion of an ecological component in process of vocational training of specialists, realization of the practice-oriented approach in tutoring, to formation of ecological competence of future specilaists.

194-201

Authors: Balabanovich Olga

The development of methodical theoretical basis for controlling is analyzed in this article and its implementation at the enterprises in the Republic of Belarus as well. Also the background for establishment and development of controlling was defined, its role in the management system; controlling concept was formed according to the business environment of enterprises in the Republic of Belarus; methodical recommendations for creation of controlling system at the enterprises according to environment of Belarusian economic model were developed. The study subject is a complex of organizational and methodical questions about formation of controlling scheme at the enterprises in the Republic of Belarus. The author comes to conclusion that the necessity for formation and further development of methodical and theoretical basis for controlling in the real economy of the Republic of Belarus allows provision and support to make reasonable managerial decisions.

211-219

Authors: Prakofyeva Nina

The reduction of labor resources and the employed in the economy of the Republic of Belarus is accompanied by the imbalance of demand and supply in the labor market. An acute need for qualified personnel has developed in the sphere of small and medium-sized businesses. In the large-sized business of the public sector there is an excessive number of and at the same time the need for skilled labor. In the article the opportunities of small, medium and large-sized business to attract and retain a qualified workforce for the innovative development of the production sphere are investigated from the perspective of the main strategic objectives of decent work on the basis of statistical information and sociological surveys. The necessity of special conditions for crediting of small-sized business investment programs to increase its attractiveness for qualified personnel is justified. The need to strengthen social dialogue in order to create the conditions for motivating employees to improve their skills, and the development of the cooperation programs with universities and colleges on adaptation of their graduates for specific organizations are substantiated for the sphere of large and medium-sized business.