European Journal of Academic Essays

1-5

Authors: J. Stephen Guffey, William C. Payne, Jessica Greenway, Ben Buchanan, Carly M. Dodson, Kristoffer Lancaster

Abstract: We have studied the effect of blue light on Mycobacterium smegmatis, and the effects of combined blue and infrared on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans and found that inhibition can be obtained. This research sought to determine the potential for visible and near-IR radiation to inhibit Klebseilla pneumoniae. Additionally, the study sought to determine whether wavelength, dose or a combination of wavelength and dose could produce a significant inhibitory effect. K. pneumoniae was tested due to its addition to the “urgent threat” list compiled by the Centers for Disease Control. The organism was treated in vitro with 464nm, 850nm and a combined 464 & 850nm light emitted from a supraluminous diode (SLD) array. Doses of 3, 10, 30, 45, 60 Joules per square centimeter (J/cm2) were used. Colony counts were compared to untreated controls using a Repeated Measures ANOVA. One-way ANOVA with Tukey HSD was used for post hoc analysis. The results revealed statistically significant inhibition of K. pneumoniae for wavelength, dose and interaction of wavelength and dose (Main Effect F1,9 = 3971.89, p = 0.00; Interactive Effect F1,9 = 645.68, p = 0.00). Post hoc analysis revealed that the combined 464 & 850nm wavelength at 45 and 60 J/cm2 were significantly effective and different from the other treatment conditions. A maximum kill rate of 96.19% was achieved with the combination blue/IR wavelength at 60 J/cm2 . We concluded that a combined visible and near-IR radiation at 45 and 60 J/cm2 is an effective inhibitor of K. pneumoniae.

17-23

Authors: Arohunsoro, Segun Joseph, Owolabi, Jimoh Temitayo, Omotoba, Nathaniel Ileri

Abstract: Vegetation growth/vegetal cover has played significant role in watershed management and its protection against ecological hazards in an urban environment. Urbanization plays a significant impact in the alteration of the ecological equilibrium of an environment. As city grows, watersheds are thrown into ecological entropy resulting to environmental disruptions. The paper demonstrates effect of deforestation and urban development on River Ajilosun drainage basin in AdoEkiti, Nigeria. The ecological impacts of flooding and erosion were studied by collecting direct field data on width of flooding and width of channel bank erosion. The basic equipment employed for the measurement are the tape, ranging pole and a piece of plank (tie rod). The data were analyzed with both the descriptive and inferential techniques. The result of the analysis revealed that ecological hazards caused by urbanization in the drainage basin included flooding and erosion which exhibited spatial variation across and along the profiles of the drainage basin. The study revealed further that deforestation and urban physical development affects the environment of the lower reaches of the drainage basin through flooding and also caused increased erosive effect of flooding in the downstream reaches of the Ajilosun drainage basin.

29-34

Authors: Ogundele Michael Olarewaju , Bello Yekeen

: The study examined the strategies the study for financing entrepreneurship education programme in Kwara State Tertiary institutions. Descriptive research design method was adopted for the study. Stratified random sampling techniques were used to select three Kwara State owned Tertiary institutions out of six. Stratified sampling techniques also used to select 150 respondents which comprise registrar, director of works, head of departments of engineering computer studies, catering and home economics, entrepreneurship education, technical and vocational education, school bursars, and the directors of consultancy services and students representatives from each of the sampled departments. The instruments used to collect relevant data are Financing Entrepreneurship Education Checklist [FEEC] and Entrepreneurship Education Development Questionnaire [EEDQ]. The two instruments were validated by the experts. Split-half reliability method was used to test the reliability index of LAEEQ using spearman ranking order statistics at .05 significance level. The rehability index of .61 and 71 show that the instruments are reliable. Four research questions were asked and two operational research hypotheses were generated to guide the study. All the research questions were answered using descriptive statistics and Pearson product moment correlation statistics was used to test the two research hypotheses at .05 significance level. The findings however revealed that huge amount are generated in Kwara State tertiary Institution but the funds devoted towards entrepreneurship education development are so low to extent that low entrepreneurship educational development was recorded in the tertiary institutions. The finding shows that there are low significant relationship between expenditure patterns and entrepreneurship education development in Kwara State tertiary institutions. It was however recommended that adequate funds should be provided for developing entrepreneurship education in the tertiary institutions. The schools shows also make use of the internally question funds to purchases necessary equipment for the effective teaching –learning of entrepreneurship education in Kwara State tertiary Institutions.

40-47

Authors: Tiwari Rajinder, Singh R. K.

LabVIEW is a graphical programming tool based on the dataflow language G. Recently, runtime support for a hard real time environment has become available for LabVIEW, which makes it an option for embedded system prototyping. Due to its characteristics, the environment presents itself as an ideal tool for both the design and implementation of embedded software. In this project we study the design and implementation of embedded software by using G as the specification language and the LabVIEW RT real time platform. One of the main advantages of this approach is that the environment leads itself to a very smooth transition from design to implementation, allowing for powerful co simulation strategies (e.g. hardware in the loop, runtime modeling). In order to evaluate the effectiveness and possible improvements on G as an embedded software description language we prove that, under certain conditions and semantic restrictions, a non-terminating G program is strictly bounded in memory. Home automation is an application of ubiquitous computing in which the home environment is monitored by ambient intelligence to provide context-aware services and facilitate remote home control. This paper discusses the approach of real-time system development using the data acquisition tool of LabVIEW. The system can monitor the temperature, humidity, lighting, fire & burglar alarm, gas density of the house and have infrared sensor to guarantees the family security. The approach combines hardware and software technologies. Virtual instrumentation uses a general-purpose computer to mimic real instruments with their controls and displays.

56-60

Authors: Balajee Maram, DrChalla Narasimham

: Information Security plays a vital in Data Communication in Intra-Organization and Inter-Organization. Till now so many algorithms have been introduced for providing Security to Data. Most of the algorithms are belongs to Cryptography. In Data Communication, the Data is encrypted using Private-Key/Public-Key. Then the encrypted data (Cipher) will be decrypted in Receiver-Side. For Data hiding, the Steganography techniques are very useful. In Steganography, Images are very important for carrying data. But this research paper proposes an enormous algorithm for Cryptography using Images. In the proposed algorithm, Double-reflecting Data-Perturbation method plays a vital for Encryption and Decryption. The proposed paper using Cryptography algorithm and shuffling data is converted into a Image. From Receiver-side, the Image is converted into ASCII and then data.

70-75

Authors: Amara Khaled , Bouazza Mokhtar, Besseghier Abderahmane, Tounsi Abedlouahed and Adda Bedia el Abbas

The present paper examine the vibrational characteristics of double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWNTs) embedded in a polymer matrix based on the theory of strain gradient elasticity. The mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes and polymer matrix are treated as the functions of temperature change. The research work reveals the significance of the effect of small scale on wave propagation in DWNTs. It is demonstrated that some properties of transverse vibrations of DWNTs are dependent on the change of temperature.

80-92

Authors: Gholamreza Jandaghi , Mahmood Ramshini

: Through Exchange, non-efficient savings and investments entered into industries and organizations and can be used in economy of country in order to getting benefit for the entire of a community. Hence, this study analyzes a barrier of developing Exchange named lack of information related to performance of organization. At first by the study of theoretical background and then by consulting with experts; financial ratios were selected as performance indicators. They contain five main indicators and the 16 sub-indicators in the period of 6-year (2006-2011). By using fuzzy hierarchical analysis, we have weighted indicators and sub-indicators. In the next step, 3920 financial ratios were calculated for these two industries; then by multiplying the value of these ratios to weight of the indexes, the five main indicators were calculated. Finally by using the method of constant returns to scale in the output mood, and using DEA MASTER Software, the efficient and non-efficient organizations were isolated. In the petrochemical industry, the companies of Jahrom, Maroon, and Persian Gulf petrochemical; and in the automotive industry, the companies of Saipa Diesel, Iran Khodro Parts, Nasir Khodro, and Fanarsazi khavar are considered as the efficient companies. Therefore, these companies can be introduced to other companies as patterns. And also investors can be advised to consider these companies.

1-7

Authors: Moazzam Jazi Zohre , Hamedi Maryam , Gholamreza Esmaeilian

In the electric power industry, electric energy generated in power plants transmitted to overhead power lines through power substations and finally it is delivered to consumers. Currently overhead power lines projects are under the regional electric companies of the country. The overhead power lines projects aim to provide energy power for various provinces and keep the customers satisfied. These projects consisting of several main phases, including Initial phase, Design and Engineering phase, Procurement phase, Implementation phase, and the Final phase. Any phase may face specific risks. If one of risks occurs, the project objectives may be affected. Therefore, the effective risk management should be emphasized and implemented in these projects to assure the achievement of the project objective. In this study, risks are identified through the literature review, semi-interviews with experts, and WBS. Ranking, as a part of the complex process of risk management, is an essential step in order to assess and respond to risks timely and appropriately. In this paper, after identifying of the key overhead power lines risks and necessary attribute for analyzing, Multiple Attribute Decision-Making (MADM) approach for assessing and ranking of the key risks were used.

13-22

Authors: Dr. Ezzat Molouk Kenawy

The current Suez Canal is considered as of the most important navigation lanes in the world as the world one tenth trade goes through it. However, its annual revenues do not exceed $ US 5 billion dollars. The Current Suez Canal is narrow and not deep. It depends on one direction navigation alternatively; which leads to a long waiting period. In spite of expansion and deepening attempts, most of giant ships cannot go through the canal and are forced to turn around the Cape of the Good Hope. The current Suez Canal is not optimally exploited despite of its economic importance as there are no adjunct ports services, logistic and industrial centers, ship maintenance and repair workshops, stores and transit trade, etc as existed in other states .The Suez Canal is facing as well important challenges due to the world competition and the attempt of some states particularly Israel to compete against the Suez Canal through several projects that threaten the Suez Canal. Thus, the Suez Canal cannot cope with such challenges except through its contribution to provide attractive privileges for the world trade transition such as efficient and least cost services that can be provided within the shortest time, competitive prices, adoption of world standard technical and management systems and flexible reaction with the technological and economic changes through creating logistic zones and economic fields around the canal to attract further investments in the fields of technology, trade and industry. Therefore, the new Suez Canal project and the project developing current Suez Canal and its surrounding area has posed since its effect on 5th August 2014 domestic, regional and international interest as being one of the national strategic projects that has several economic, development, political, social and regional dichotomies. The study aims to identify the development of the new Suez Canal concept. The study has adopted the descriptive analytical technique.

1-7

Authors: Naudé, Alaric B.Ed, M.Ed

English education in Korea is a multimillion dollar industry that attracts the expertise of various individuals from English speaking lands around the globe. However, even with the massive impetus given to the study of this language, many instructors are still inadequately prepared to cope with and/or address many of the phonetic and syntax related frustrations that learners incur. Furthermore many of these difficulties are exacerbated through a lack of understanding of cultural limitations and manner in which Koreans process language as effected by their native language. Focusing on Korean learners this paper will address: Inability to reproduce proper phonetic patterns or structures Application of native language syntax in when using English Incompatible cultural concepts The reintroduction of borrowed words using incorrect modified Korean phonetic structure Cultural aspects that inhibit language acquisition

12-17

Authors: Sabbour Magda and Maysa E. Moharam

Five strains of the entopathogenic bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis were evaluated against two stored products insect pests, Callosobruchus chinensis , Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) . The LC50s of C. maculatus of different tested bactria which recorded that, 248, 269, 144, 88 and 110 Ug/ml after C. maculatus treated with different concentrations of B.T J, B.t 0900, Bt NRRL 2172, BT IP thurizide and Bt HD112.,under laboratory conditions ., respectively. The corresponding LC50s of C. chinensis, 233, 132, 145, 77 and 100 Ug/ml ., respectively . Udder store conditions the number of eggs laid per female of C. maculatus were significantly decreased and recorded 1.7±2.7, 5.3±0.5, 10.2±2.3, and 11.4±3.7 eggs/female after 20, 45, 90 and 120 days of storage after treated with BT IP thurizide ., respectively as compared 1.7±2.7to 19.8±2.5, 89.3±4.5. 91.5±5.5 and 99.8±1.9 eggs/female in the control. Under store conditions, the percentage of eggs laid/female were significantly decreased to 11.0±1.7 eggs/female after C. chinensis treated with BT IP thurizide after120 days as compared to 98.9±1.9 eggs/female in the control. In all bacterial treatments the percentage of emergence were significantly decreased to 1,1,1,4 and 6 with treated with BT IP thurizide .

32-35

Authors: Hossein Safari

The geometry of Persian -Islamic architecture and carpet design is used to express the idea of unity in multiplicity. On other hands, geometry is a visual language that stems from the worldview of the artist or architect. At various times in history, the idea of diversification and transformation, have been seen in Persian-Islamic architecture and carpet design. Aim of study is to investigate regular geometric forms in Persian-Islamic architecture and carpet design and the compares between these two art forms.

1-8

Authors: Faweya E.B

The natural radioactivity levels in sediment and water samples of gold pits in Itagunmodi Ilesha have been determined. The activity concentrations obtained for series 226Ra, 232Th and non-series 40K are measured in the unit of Bq kg-1 . The overall average concentrations of radionuclides were 28.9, 53.3 and 532.6 Bq kg-1 respectively in sediment samples; while the overall average of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in water samples were 6.0, 8.9, and 103.6 Bq l-1 respectively. The results obtained were compared with others radioactivity measurement in different countries sediments and water. The estimated radium equivalent activity (Raeq), the absorbed dose (Dr), external hazard index, the annual gonadal dose equivalent (AGDE), the annual effective dose equivalent (AEDE) in both sediments and water samples fall within acceptable limit. Assessment of anthropogenic pollution in sediments gives concentrations that are within acceptable safety limit. A study of elemental concentration ratios of Th/U, K/U and K/Th revealed that depletion and enrichment process of these radionuclides in sediment and water samples in the area are almost the same. Keywords: Sediment; water; radioactivity; gold; elemental ratio; Itagunmodi Ilesha.

17-22

Authors: Mohamed Ahmed Hassanien , Saad-El-Din Abd-El-Fattah Abou-El-Noeman , Ehab Aboueladab

Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is characterized by morphological features indistinguishable from alcoholic hepatitis in individuals who do not consume excess alcohol. NASH can progress to cirrhosis, and liver failure is now the second leading cause of death in these patients. Although the prevalence of NASH appears to be increasing, the etiopathogenesis remains poorly understood. The present study aimed to evaluate the mechanisms involved in developing NASH through biochemical and laboratory parameters in Egyptian patients. This study was conducted on twenty five patients with NASH and twenty normal subjects of matched age and sex as control. All the patients were evaluated for several biochemical parameters through liver function tests, lipid profile, fasting and postprandial blood glucose, malondialdhyde, glutathione peroxidase activity, advanced glycated end products, and serum leptin. Data obtained from these tests were statistically evaluated. Obesity, hyperlipidaemia, and diabetes mellitus were prevalent among patients with NASH. There was significant increase in malondialdhyde and glutathione peroxidase activity in NASH patients. In addition, there were significant increases in leptin and basic fibroblast growth factor in NASH patients compared to control. Despite examining in different demography, we reestablished obesity, non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia as the important risk factors for NASH. We also found that enhanced oxidative stress was responsible for the second hits to liver in our patients, leading to NASH apart from simple steatosis. We reaffirmed the role of leptin in the pathogenesis of NASH.

29-35

Authors: Mr. Kapil S. Raviya,Dr. Ashish M. Kothari,Dr. Dwivedi Ved Vyas

the stereo matching algorithms for binocular vision are very popular and widely used. Still, the algorithms may have lower matching quality or higher time complexity. Matching can be viewed as a process of finding the degree of correlation between two groups of data. This area belongs to the one of the most explored topics in stereo vision. The depth value can be found by the disparity estimation by taking advantage of the similarity in these two views, which can be captured at the same time in a depth generation algorithm. It is not easy to find the accurate depth value if there is high similarity in color spaces around the area. Stereo matching is a fundamental problem in computer vision that estimates depth of a 3D scene with a pair of images. This paper presents the fundamental steps for finding depth extraction and related terms.

42-50

Authors: Ige Akindele, M, Fasakin, M.O

The case of education in Nigeria can be likened to a seed that falls among thorns on the soil, such that when it germinates and continues to grow, the growth is abnormal to the extent that it cannot bear good fruits. Since the advent of western education in Nigeria in 1842, all has not been well with it. It has been facing many crises which have not been allowing it to develop. In this paper, the constraints to education development in Nigeria such as: inadequate access to schools, inadequate funding, inadequate and decay infrastructural facilities, inadequate, low quality and non commitment of teachers, poor academic performance of pupils and students, inappropriate curriculum, corruption, among others were examined. To reposition and move the education forward, government, educational institutions’ administrators, students, parents, and other stakeholders in education have roles to play. In particular, government needs to allocate more fund to education sector, recruit qualified teachers to curb the present shortage in schools, improve teachers’ welfare, train and retrain teachers so that they can cope with new challenges, provide adequate infrastructural facilities in schools, curb corruption as well as examination malpractices.

1-5

Authors: Mersedeh Adabi, Golnar Adabi

Abstract: From the rational theory perspective, an organization is a means to achieve certain and established goals. Being rational is not only objective, but also incorporate ways to achieve the goal. In any organization, after the implementation of rational systems, its effectiveness on the organization’s output including staff performances must be explored. In this paper, we have investigated the effects of rational organization on performance of employees at district 4 of Tehran’s education administration, through the statistical software SPSS and Lisrel for structural equation of model. Results showed a positive and significant correlation between the effects of rationalization on the performance of staff of district 4 education administration.

11-16

Authors: Balajee Maram, Dr Challa Narasimham

Abstract: In Digital era, our life is bound with digital technology. In Information Technology, everything is available in digital form only. In the field of data communication, there is a need to send and receive data. But we don’t know the data will reach the destination successfully and securely. Security and privacy plays an important role in digital and data communication. In the field of secure data communication, cryptography is very important technique. Till now, we have seen many algorithms that are related to symmetric and asymmetric encryption and decryption. Most of the algorithms are related to text/data only. In this technique, there is a need to maintain one shared secret key or a pair of privatepublic keys. Why can’t we send encrypted data without using any key(s)? This proposed method tells us how to implement cryptography using mathematical method “Double-Reflecting Data Perturbation Method”.

22-26

Authors: Keram, Komal Singh

Abstract: A field investigation was conducted during winter (rabi) season 2010-11 and 2011-12 in Vertisol to study the response of wheat yield, nutrient uptake, protein content and effect on soil properties to zinc application. The recommended doses of N, P and K were applied @ 120 N : 60 P2O5 : 40 K2O kg ha-1 in combination with Zn @ 0, 1.25, 2.50, 5.00, 10.00 and 20.00 kg ha-1 as zinc sulphate at the time of sowing in all the treatments. Pooled analysis of data revealed that yield, harvest index, nutrient (N, K and Zn) uptake and quality increased significantly with the application of recommended NPK+Zn @ 20.00 kg ha-1 by wheat as compare to NPK alone. In general, yield, harvest index, total nutrient uptake and quality increased up to highest level of Zn, except total P uptake. The maximum yield (grain - 4.66 and straw - 5.44 t ha-1 ), harvest index (46.07), total nutrient uptake (N - 123.19 kg ha-1 , K - 90.86 kg ha-1 and Zn - 327.74 g ha-1 ), total carbohydrate (70.37%) and gluten (12.37%) content was achieved by the application of 20.00 kg Zn ha-1 with recommended NPK as compare to control and other treatments, while the total P uptake was decline with increasing levels Zn. There is no appraisal change in soil pH, EC, organic carbon and CaCO3, but the status of DTPA-extractable Zn of soil was improved remarkably due to rational Zn fertilization combined with recommended NPK.