International Research Journal of Interdisciplinary & Multidisciplinary Studies (IRJIMS)

14-20

Authors: Koushikattam Pramanik

Mahasweta Devi is a prominent novelist as well as short story writer in Bengali literature. She emerged in Bengali literature in 1956 by writing ‘Jhasir rani ‘, an autobiographical fiction. Besides her novel she wrote many short stories wherein we find many tribal and subaltern women characters who always remonstrate against their social and sexual exploitation or deprivation. In her short story ‘Droupadi`, Shikar` we draw up the main protagonist two tribal characters who protest against their sexual exploitation. But in her `‘Bayen` ‘Rudali’ ‘Dhouli’ she left a big questions about social stigma against subaltern women. Where we find three main subaltern women characters who are victimized by social exploitation of upper caste in the form of sexual abuse or suppression. This is the main thrust of this article. Key words- sexual exploitation, deprivation, suppression, existential crisis, remonstrate.

29-38

Authors: Dr. K. Bhavani Shankar

The low proportion of women among economic and political decision makers at all levels reflects structural and attitudinal barriers that need to be addressed through positive measures. Government need to have a system to asses public sector performance from a perspective of gender equality. Women are also entering in the high-level decision making positions in both public and private sectors. Women have come through tougher challenges that typical men never face. Many women are coming up as entrepreneurs / employers as well. These women, with their innovative ideas supported with foresight are running successful businesses. Women leaders have an enormous potential to influence the way people live and work, by promoting fairer management practices, a better balance between work and family life and reducing gender disparities within the workplace. The United Nations Fourth World Conference of Women deliberated that Women’s organizations, non-governmental organizations, trade unions, social partners, producers, and industrial and professional organizations need to play an active role by building solidarity among women through information, education and sensitization activities. Support from family is very important for working women. The 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendment Acts (1992-1993) in India reserve 33 percent of seats for women in three tiers of government. At last, women themselves must have the courage to work against all odds in order to prove their grit. They must be self-motivated to actualize their potentials and must fix their priorities and focus must be maintained in face of all the diversions.

47-56

Authors: Tarun Saha

Education is a crucial requirement for the sustained growth of a developing society and lack of it is largely responsible for the backwardness and exploitation of the weaker section of the society. Tribal people are most backward section of our country. Social and locational isolation is one of the root causes behind their backwardness. In tribal society women are more important than any other social group because of their strong participation in earnings and household activities, yet their conditions are pitiable. Generally, woman faced inequality and discourage in all sectors- economic, social, education, political, nutrition etc. In order to fight against all odds woman needs strength. Such strength comes from the process of empowerment. Empowerment of tribal woman means to generate awareness, consciousness and confidence in them in order to gain control over their own lives by knowing and claiming their own rights at all levels of society at the national, local and household levels. Education is one of the prime indicators of social as well as cultural development. Education can be act as an instrument in bringing empowerment. The present paper discusses about the role of education in improving the situation of woman, and compare viewpoint of same generation of literate and illiterate tribal woman. Key Words: Empowerment, Tribal, Backward Section, Inequality, Education.

7-16

Authors: Dr. Neeraj Sangar

Smokeless tobacco products are easily available and commonly used worldwide. The consumption of SLT is increasing day by day. The use of SLT is not without risk and is associated with many types of serious diseases; cancer being the most dangerous one. Several carcinogens have been identified in smokeless tobacco. This form of tobacco use has become one of the most startling causes of premature death and disease in the present times. The present paper focuses on the chemicalcomposition of SLT and how these chemicals become the cause of cancer to SLT users. The paper also spotlights the various other health hazards posed to an individual because of the use of SLT. Key Words: Tobacco, Smokeless Tobacco, Chemical Composition, Health Hazards, Carcinogens.

21-28

Authors: Dr. G. N. Qasba, Kapil Sharma, Sudesh Kumar, Adil Ashraf Tanki

Empowerment of nation in a holistic manner is not possible without development of women. Empowerment means increased spiritual, political, social, gender or economic strength of individuals and communities. The role of women has been confined to child rearing and housekeeping having least decision making powers. Women as a weaker section of society have least access to the services launched by the state and central governments. Historically, women have been worst victims of violence and other social evils and in case of Jammu and Kashmir, their sufferings have further got intensified due to political trauma. Though, there are laws dictating norms of equal opportunity but women folk are given meager chances to get benefited due to restrictions imposed by them at different levels of family, community and society. Under these circumstances, formalization of self-help groups (SHGs) can prove a viable alternative to seek empowerment of women and of nation in the long run. Formation of SHGs is a potent medium that can ensure the all-round development of women particularly in rural areas. The impact of self-help groups is significant in terms of self-worth like confidence cum capacity building by proving self-employment opportunities to meet the financial crisis. It also improves the decision making capacity in terms of various social, political, economic, health and educational affairs and mobilizes women to fight against various types of exploitations against them in family and society at large and women can get rid of financial problems as this group gives them access to various agencies and banks from which they can lend a loan to start their business or their work etc. Key Words: Women Empowerment, Self Help Groups, Bank Linkage, Employment.

38-49

Authors: Mohd Ainul Shah Bin Bachok,Prof. Dr. Leow Chee Seng

Malaysia is a multi-ethnic, multicultural and multilingual society with a population of about 28.3 million people. The majority of its population in 2010 consisted of Malays (67.4%), Chinese (24.6%), Indians (7.3%) and other races (0.7%) (Department of Statistics Malaysia, 2011). Each ethnic group in Malaysia is rich in its own culture and traditions. Hence, with such diverse ethnicities, Malaysians’ perception of health and as well as treatment choices are often heavily colored by their cultural beliefs and practices. People from different cultural backgrounds have used different herbal plants, plant extracts, animal products and mineral substances (Addae-Mensah, 1992) as the means to care, cure and treat ill-health (Curtis and Taket, 1996). Therefore, is a need to review the circumstances and consumers’ purchase behavioral intention for the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) especially among Malay Muslim in Malaysia. This is crucial to provide clearer information, to understand customers’ real needs and to serve them well, in order to maintain market competitiveness. Key Words: Purchase intention, Health Consciousness, Consumer Values, Product Involvement, and Religiosity.

07-17

Authors: Dr. Jayeeta Bhattacharjee

Vanadium is a chemical element with symbol V and atomic no. 23. It is a hard, silvery, grey, ductile, malleable transition metal. The element is found almost exclusively in chemically combined form in nature, but once isolated artificially, the formation of an oxide layer stabilizes the free metal somewhat against further oxidation. In the present paper, synthesis of vanadium (V) complex containing L-phenylalanine and synthesis of vanadium (V) complex with aspartic acid is discussed. The complexes are obtained as coloured microcrystalline products. These newly synthesized complexes are insoluble in aqueous medium and in organic solvents. The complexes are air stable. The presences of ligands such as peroxide (O22-), phenyl alanine (C9H11NO2), aspartic acid (C4H7NO4) are confirmed from qualitative tests in the respective complexes. Key Words: Vanadium complexes, Amino acids ligands, Stoitiometric oxidants, Biological relevance, Material sciences.

32-43

Authors: Romana Asmat,Miss Sidra Mehboob

Sexual harassment is a complex issue involving women, their perceptions and behaviour, and the social norms of the society. Of all the forms that violence against women can assume, sexual harassment is the most ubiquitous and insidious; all the more so because it is deemed 'normal' behaviour and not an assault on female's. More often than not it expresses itself in the garb of power or desire or both. We cannot understand the issue of sexual harassment at work place unless we pay attention to prevalent socio-cultural issues, of gender and sexuality, and how it impacts upon the status of women. Although there is no specific prohibition on sexual harassment in Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women and ILO Conventions, both the CEDAW and the ILO’s CEACR (Committee of Experts on the Application of Conventions and Recommendations) affirmed that sexual harassment, as a serious manifestation of sex discrimination and a violation of human rights, is to be addressed within the context of the Convention and should be an integral part of a legislative or other policy, independently of policies on discrimination on the basis of sex. Since Sexual Harassment in the workplace was first recognized as a form of sex discrimination, an increasing number of countries in the world have enacted legislative provisions on sexual harassment. Whether provided for or regulated by laws, including anti sexual harassment, equality and non-discrimination, labour, criminal or tort, sexual harassment is considered as crime and prohibited. Key Words: Sexual harassment, ILO conventions, Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, Workplace, Sex discrimination.

58-64

Authors: Adiela, U. P

Biostratigraphical analyses of outcrops around Enugu area using rock samples collected at different intervals yielded a total of 59 agglutinated foraminiferal species. Arenaceous forms encountered include species as Haplophragmoides Impensus, Cibicides lobalulus, Bat hysiphon , Hormosina Irinitalensis, Kalarnopsis, Elphidium articulatum, A mmohaculitesiiephensoni, Spiropleclamona coslata, Nonionpompiloides, as well as Evolutinella ewongueensis, Buccicrenata herdhergi, Trochaminoides aff Amrnotium nkalagum, Trochamina aff Spiropleciamina GAB AM34. Palynomorphs assemblage yielded includes Lae’vigatosporites oval us, Leptolepidites major, Hex aporopollenites emenianori, Proteacidites sp., Spiniferites sp., Diphyes trianguflformis. These indicate near shore sediments deposited in marine shelf zone, not reached by tidal influence. These sediments were laid down in shallow marine environments. The ages of the outcrop range from Campanian to Maastrichtian

73-82

Authors: Firdous Barbhuiya

Family Planning is one of the important interventions for safe motherhood and birth spacing and a fundamental pillar of reproductive health. The practice of family planning methods are influenced by a variety of interrelated factors such as level of education, socio-economic condition, age at marriage, size of the family, number of children, beliefs etc. There is a need to raise the level of acceptance of family planning methods to address issues related to maternal mortality, infant mortality, uncontrolled population growth, and many more. Objective: To find out the causal factors that prevent couples to adopt family planning methods, and to measure the awareness level about various family planning methods. Methodology: Descriptive research design was used for the study. 300 married women in the reproductive age group of 15-45 years were chosen from the Dept. of Gynaecology of Silchar Medical College & Hospital (SMCH) by using purposive sampling technique. Pre-tested semi-structured interview schedule was used to collect primary data from the Out Patient Department (OPD) and post-natal section of Gynaecology Dept., SMCH. Results: Only 7% of the study population were fully aware about several family planning methods. On the other hand, 61% were partially aware and 32% were completely ignorant about the matter. Only 7% of the study population were using some form of contraception. Oral Contraceptive Pill (OCP) was the most dominant method. Among the users of contraceptives, 68.18% were users of OCP and among the non-users, 45.5% opined to use the same in future. Husbands (87%) were observed to be the chief decision maker for contraceptive use. Contraceptive acceptance was revealed to increase significantly with the increase in age of women, literacy status and number of living children. Reasons for non-acceptance of contraceptives were lack of sufficient information (45.3%), desire for more children (24.8%), negligence (9%), misconception & superstition (6.8%), opposition from family members (6.1%), shyness & introvert nature (5.8%) and religious factors (2.2%). Conclusion: Improvement of female autonomy through increasing women’s education and by adopting modern & effective socio-economic measures has emerged as requisite for increasing knowledge and acceptance of contraceptive use. Key Words: Family planning methods, contraceptives, couples, married women, Gynaecology, Silchar Medical College & Hospital.

90-96

Authors: Dr. Runumi Das

Food production is the base for food security. The internationally accepted definition of food security is that given by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO) in the Rome Declaration on World Food Security, 1996, further refined in the FAO's State of Food Insecurity in the World, 2001. “Food security [is] a situation that exists when all people, at all times, have physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life.” The availability of food is determined by production of food. According to Swaminathan given that India's population is likely to reach 1.5 billion by 2030, the challenge facing the country is to produce more and more from diminishing per capita arable land and irrigation water resources and expanding abiotic and biotic stresses. India currently produces about 230 million tones of cereals to meet the needs of a population of 1.15 billion. He has rightly remarked that ‘while calculating food requirements, the needs of farm animals are often overlooked and hence the current situation in India is that cereal production has to be doubled by 2050 in order to meet the needs of the expected population of 1.8 billion, in addition to meeting the needs of livestock and poultry.’ With such a backdrop the main objective of the research paper is to suggest ways of increasing food productivity. The other objective is to ensure means of creating awareness amidst the needy ones. Key Words: Malnutrition, public distribution system, food-grains, self-help group.

8-18

Authors: Biswajit Mandal & Dr. Biswaranjan Mistri

IRJIMS Search Sat 05 Mar 2016 Select Language​▼ Home Page About Us IF/indexing Open Access Policy Editorial Body Paper Submission Issues Query Contact Us Volume-II, Issue-I, February 2016 Issues Articles (Bengali)Articles (English)Coverpage 2. Socio-Economic Status of Aged People at Dewli and Getugachhi Gram Panchayat in Chakdaha C.D. Block, Nadia District, West Bengal Biswajit Mandal, Asst. Professor, Dept. of Geography, Nahata JNMS Mahavidyalaya, WBSU, W.B., India Dr. Biswaranjan Mistri, Asst. Professor, Dept. of Geography, The University of Burdwan, W.B., Indi Abstract Page No. 8-18 PDF HTML XML 3. IMPRINT- An Education Policy and Research Road Map to Dream India Dr. Siba Prasad Panda, Librarian of Gandhi Institute of Engineering & Technology, Gunpur, Rayagada, Odisha, India Dr.R.K.Mohapatra, Principal, Department of Library & Information Science, SMIT, Berhampur, Odisha, India Abstract Page No. 19-26 PDF HTML XML 4. Origin and Development of Indian Party System Sk Golam Masum, Assistant Teacher, Metekona High School, Bolpur, Birbhum, India Sk Sahafur Hoque, Assistant Professor, Govt. Degree College, Mongolkote, Burdwan, India Abstract Page No. 27-31 PDF HTML XML 5. The Cognitive and Emotional Concomitants of Secondary Traumatisation Preeti Jain , Ph.D Scholar, the IIS University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India Dr. Roopa Mathur, Professor, Dept. of Psychology the IIS University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India Abstract Page No. 32-38 PDF HTML XML 6. Gender Socialization and Gender Exclusion: An Analysis Nipan Haloi, Research Scholar, Assam University, Silchar Campus, Assam, India Abstract Page No. 39-45 PDF HTML XML 7. Traumatic Effects Due to Climate Change and Global Warming Sriparna Mitra, Research scholar, Department of Geography, University of North Bengal, India Abstract Page No. 46-62 PDF HTML XML 8. Agricultural Technology and Labour Process in Pre-Colonial Assam Lakhinandan Bora, Ph.D. Research Scholar, Dept. of History, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India Abstract Page No. 63-69 PDF HTML XML 9. Human Consequences of Crowding: An Empirical Study of South Delhi, Delhi, India Md. Karar Ahmad, Research Scholar, Dept. of Geography, Jamia Millia Islmia, New Delhi, India Abstract Page No.70-82 PDF HTML XML 10. Freudian Psychoanalytic Reading of Thomas Mann’s Death in Venice: The Clash of Id, Ego and Super-ego Satarupa Deb, IPP Student, Assam University, Assam, India Abstract Page No.83-87 PDF HTML XML 1 ONLINE Creative Commons License . Amazing and shiny stats Blog Counters In the 21st Century, aging is the most challenging and urgent issue in developing countries in the world. It is the biological and psychological change in human life. The Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, Government of India, has mentioned the age of the ‘senior citizen or old aged’ as 60 years old or above in ‘National Policy on Older Persons’ (January, 1999). Aged people face a lot of problems in society. They suffer from economic insecurity, health problem, insufficient shelter, mental disorder, loneliness and different sorts of inhuman treatments etc. This empirical research work has been done in Dewli and Getugachhi Gram Panchayat of Chakdaha C.D. block in Nadia district of West Bengal. There are 139 respondents in 92 families have been interviewed through the method of purposive sampling. There are 73.40% aged people who have not any income source; they totally depend on son, daughter and grandson. Only 4.30% aged people have got old age pension. 52.50% of aged people have been suffering with two to four types of diseases at a time. The 51.80% of aged people have consulted with quack doctors due to their low level of income and 7.9% of aged people have been suffering from loneliness which may responsible for mental disorder of the aged people. Thus, this research study has been focused on socio-economic status of the aged people and tried to find out the feasible measures for the misery. Key Words: Aging Person, Economic Insecurity, Mental Disorder, Loneliness.

27-31

Authors: Sk Golam Masum & Sk Sahafur Hoque

The evolve of Indian Party system have a long history. At first it came from national liberation movement. The Indian Political Party emerged with the help of different type of association and also the rise of protest movement against colonial rule to provide the emergence of political parties. At the British period political parties acted as a platform of Indian freedom struggle and addressed to the goal of Indian National Movement. From pre-independence to post-independence Indian National Congress was dominant party in India and most of the political parties in India emerge from split of Indian National Congress. Today there are different political parties at the national and regional level on the basis of local needs, provincial facts, language etc. Key Wards: Zimindar, Gandhian philosophy, Indian National Congress, Forward Bloc, Akali Dal, Lok Dal.

39-45

Authors: Nipan Haloi

Gender is socially constructed concept which creates differentiation between women and men in different areas such as work, roles and responsibilities and so on. There is no clear cut definition of the term ‘Gender’. Ann Oakley, who was among the first few feminist scholars to use this concept, says the following, ‘Gender’ is a matter of culture, and it refers to the social classification of men and women into ‘masculine’ and ‘feminine’. And Gender socialization refers to the ways in which society ensures that children learn the appropriate behaviors associated with their beings males or females. It also sets children into different courses in life because they are male or female. Society thus channelizes human behavior through gender socialization. And through the process of gender socialization, gender discrimination has been prevailing in our country from the early days. There are various aspects of gender exclusion and we can discuss these aspects mainly in four areas. These areas are– Family, Society, politics and Economics. So, through this paper an attempt has been made to discuss about the process of gender socialization which helps in the process of gender discrimination in our society. Key Words: Gender, Gender socialization, Gender Discrimination, patriarchal societies.

63-69

Authors: Lakhinandan Bora

The development of tools and technology and the labour process were two major inherent forces which persistently working in the course of evolution of human civilization. The labour process played a determining role in invention, discovery and development of various tools and technologies which finally became the crucial factors in the developmental paradigm. Regarding the beginning of cultivation process in the hill-tops and flooded plains in pre-colonial Assam, it is difficult to give the exact time. In the beginning, cultivation was carried on by cutting down jungle and trees, setting them on fire, making holes in the land with the help of digging sticks and then sowing seeds i.e. the jhum cultivation. However, with the introduction of hoes and ploughs in agricultural practices, people took the more complicated process of wet paddy cultivation. Agricultural activities were not confined to a particular occupational group in pre-colonial Assam. On the contrary, it was common for all section of the population including the aristocracy to engage themselves in agricultural pursuits. The agricultural situation in pre-colonial Assam, though carried out with primitive tools and technology, succeeded in producing the basic requirements of the populace. With the extension of wet paddy cultivation, surplus of substantial volume was produced leading to consequent formations in the society and polity. The scope of the research work will confine to the study of the labour process and the technological phenomena in agricultural sphere during the pre-colonial Assam, i.e. till the first quarter of the 19th century AD. The approach of the proposed research will be historical and analytical. Taking into account all the available sources, micro-study and inter-disciplinary method of study will be done to make it more comprehensive. Key Words: Agriculture, Agricultural technology, Labour process, Pre-colonial Assam, Paddy cultivation, Land Settlement.

83-87

Authors: Satarupa Deb

Psychoanalytic literary criticism emerges specifically from a therapeutic technique which the Viennese neurologist Sigmund Freud developed for the treatment of hysteria and neurosis at the end of the nineteenth century. All of Freud’s work depends upon the notion of the ‘unconscious’- the part of the mind beyond consciousness which, nevertheless, has a strong influence upon our actions. Linked with this is the idea of ‘repression’, which is the ‘forgetting’ or ignoring of unresolved conflicts, unadmitted desires, or traumatic past events, so that they are forced out of conscious awareness and into the realm of the unconscious. A similar process is that of ‘sublimation’, whereby the repressed material is ‘promoted’ into something grander or is disguised as something ‘noble’. Later in his career, Freud suggested a three-part model of the human psyche dividing it into the ‘ego’, the ‘super-ego’, and the ‘id’. The ‘id’ incorporates libidinal and other desires, the ‘super-ego’ internalizes social standards of morality and propriety, and the ‘ego’ tries as best it can to negotiate the conflicts between the insatiable demands of the ‘id’, the impossibly stringent requirements of the ‘super-ego’, and the limited possibilities of gratification offered by reality. This paper will focus particularly on some typical Freudian psychoanalytical features that are evident in the character of Aschenbach in Mann’s novella Death in Venice. Key Words: Sigmund Freud, psychoanalysis, id, ego, super-ego, control, repression, sublimation, Thomas Mann, Death in Venice.

7-10

Authors: Dr. Soma Kusari

The character of ‘Ghanada’ is an immortal creation of Premendra Mitra The author, film Director, novelist, poet Premendra Mitra has shown his unique talent in creation such highly imaginative stories of Ghanada. The reader remains attracted by the amusing situations which contain fun and excitement as well as by author’s vast knowledge of even physics, biology, history, geography and of political history of the world. Though written in the long past thirties, the adventures of Ghanada have inevitable appeal to the modern readers as well.

17-31

Authors: Dr. Jayeeta Bhattacharjee

The study investigated the causes of poor performance of secondary school students of karimganj district in the subject geometry. The sample consisted of 252 students (both boys and girls of Class IX and X from rural and urban areas) of Karimganj district. Data were collected through survey method. Data of the present study are analyzed using pie diagram, bar diagram and ogive. The findings of the study led to the conclusion that the performance of students in geometry at secondary school level is very low. It can be concluded that most of the students are too much weak in the subject geometry and they should be encouraged by the teachers, parents and community so that they can be made interested in geometry and they can achieve a high position in the subject geometry.

44-51

Authors: Abhijit Datta

Coins played an important role in Bengal’s economy in early Medieval India. A huge number of coins are found in South-Eastern part of Bengal. Though some historians comment that agriculture was main stray of economic life and trade and commerce deteriorated at that time in North India, but such coins prove that Bengal had brisk trade with the foreign countries. Key words: Trade, coins, south-east Bengal, cowries, Guptas.

59-63

Authors: Mohibul Hoque

The military system and the weaponries always play the pivotal role in determing the supremacy of any power since ancient period of time. The Ahoms had developed a very powerful military system and some unique war weapons by which they could rule for more than six hundred years. They ruled and established a very powerful kingdom and most importantly defended against the Mughal power. Ahoms remarkably could manage to keep a separate political uniqueness discomforting all such attempts of the Mughals to invade and subjugate the region. This generates an enquiry and interest in to the Ahoms war weaponries and war strategy. Key words: war, weaponries, Ahoms, Mughals.

71-76

Authors: Swapnali Borgohain

The term education has been defined as the process of developing and training the powers and capabilities of human being. Thus there is sale of services or profit motive behind imparting of education or funds come mainly from the receivers of education. We can easily say that there is commercialization of education . The history of education in India is very rich and gather knowledge and enrich our thoughts . It is the learning of knowledge, information and skills during the course of life. There is to an array of educational opportunity of the informal level as well as formal level. Education always evolves out of historical and cultural contexts. India’s current educational system is a product of centuries –old-dualities that characterize the genius and decadence of an ancient but wounded civilization. Education is also visualized as an evolutionary force so that each individual is enabled to evolve from purely material consciousness. Education is also perceived as a bridge between the past, present and the future and as means by which the best of the heritage is transmitted to the new generation for its further progression. India has the world’s oldest and largest education system. Its antiquity and diversity are reflected in the roots of cultural norms and institutions that go back to a distant and vernerable past. Now a days the rapid development of information and communication technology has transformed the whole world into a global village with a global economy. Which makes our education more commercial and private. This paper is an attempt to focus on the positive and negative impact of commercialization on education system. Keywords: Educational development, commercialization, ICT, based education, privatization