Science and Transport Progress

7-15

Authors: M. M. Biliaiev, L. Ya. Muntian

Purpose. This research focuses on the development of an applied numerical model to calculate the dynamics of atmospheric pollution in the emission of dangerous chemical substances in the event of transportation by railway. Methodology. For the numerical simulation of transport process of the dangerous chemical substance in the atmosphere the equation of convection-diffusion pollutant transport is used. This equation takes into account the effect of wind, atmospheric diffusion, the power of emission source, as well as the movement of the source of emission (depressurized tank) on the process of pollutant dispersion. When carrying out computing experiment one also takes into account the profile of the speed of the wind flow. For the numerical integration of pollutant transport in the atmosphere implicit finite-difference splitting scheme is used. The numerical calculation is divided into four steps of splitting and at each step of splitting the unknown value of the concentration of hazardous substance is determined by the explicit running account scheme. On the basis of the numerical model it was created the code using the algorithmic language FORTRAN. One conducted the computational experiments to assess the level of air pollution near the railway station «Illarionovo» in the event of a possible accident during transportation of ammonia. Findings. The proposed model allows you to quickly calculate the air pollution after the emission of chemically hazardous substance, taking into account the motion of the emission source. The model makes it possible to determine the size of the land surface pollution zones and the amount of pollutants deposited on a specific area. Using the developed numerical model it was estimated the environmental damage near the railway station «Illarionovo». Originality. One can use the numerical model to calculate the size and intensity of the chemical contamination zones after accidents on transport. Practical value. The numerical model, developed by authors, can be used to estimate the size and intensity of the chemical contamination zones during emergency on transport. The developed numerical model solves the problem of assessing the impact of emergency emission of ammonia near the railway station «Illarionovo».

25-35

Authors: M. S. Kravchenko, N. V. Marchenko

Purpose. Successful activity of the large-scale industrial enterprises is carefully thought out strategy of management by innovative activity. Object of the article – to designate the existent problems of management by strategic potential at the large-scale industrial enterprises, their functioning and forming during adaptation in a world market and to work out the mechanism of strategy of management of innovative activity that can be applied at large-scale industrial enterprises; as well as to carry out a systematic analysis of the problem activity at the large-scale industrial enterprises mainly in the carriage-building branch. Methodology. The main factor of economic growth of any country is the innovations that are implemented at the enterprise to improve economic growth. Theoretical and methodological basis of research is systematic analysis of the strategy problem of innovative activity at the large-scale industrial enterprises, especially of the carriage-building branch, which is at the present moment on the decline and in need of reform. Rightly developed strategy of management of innovative activity will allow to balance the internal and external environment of the enterprise, as well as to compare the existing capacities at the enterprise, and the most importantly, will ensure survival in a changed political situation. Findings. The authors improved mechanism of the strategy of innovative activity at the large-scale industrial enterprises. Effective implementation of the strategic innovative activity of the industrial enterprises can enhance the competitiveness of not only some industrial enterprises but also the economy of Ukraine in general. Originality. The authors gave theoretical generalization and improved scheme of a mechanism of strategy of innovative activity at the large-scale industrial enterprises on improvement of indicators of intellectual activity and competitiveness in the market, as well as the resumption of communication between higher education institutions and research Institutes. Practical value. Rationally applied measures on the proposed by the author’s diagram of a strategy mechanism of innovative activity at the industrial enterprises will significantly improve the measures of innovation at the large-scale industrial enterprises, including the carriage-building branch, and to increase the competitiveness in the market.

47-60

Authors: S. I. Muzykina, M. I. Muzykin, G. I. Nesterenko

Purpose. The scientific paper has a purpose to choose rational technological parameters of the transportation organization process, which would enable the freight train movement with the most efficient train traffic arrangement, the decrease in idle time due to the increased speed of cargo delivery and the increase in the working capacity of the marshalling yard. Methodology. The work presents the technical and operational characteristics of marshalling yards in Europe and Ukraine. The research methods include the station operation analysis, the car traffic flow analysis, analysis of the train sheet, the DU-1 natural sheets upon arrival and departure of trains. Schemes were developed for calculating working capacity of necks, rehandling capacity of marshalling hump, acceptable levels of system loading. Findings. The research resulted in the calculated working (rehandling) capacity of the main elements of the station. Daily loads of marshalling hump and turnout tracks vary significantly by variations and gradations of movement volume. This affects the idle time of trains and, in general, the value of the criterion according to which the optimal technical equipment, optimum interaction of the subsystems and gridiron of the station will be chosen. This criterion must take into account the costs of technical equipment, construction of tracks, locomotives, as well as related operating costs in all cases. Thus, the selection of the optimal interaction should establish the economically viable level of operational reliability of the sub-systems, their technical and track capacity. Originality. By increasing the productivity of train departure channel, marshalling hump and turnout tracks it is possible the thetrain handling processes and reduce the car idle time. Intensification of production processes in marshalling yards provides a reduction in car turnover and in idle time and high economic efficiency of capital investments. The work covers the issues related to improving the efficiency of functioning of marshalling yards in the railway transport reforming conditions. Practical value. Using the methods of determining the rational working (rehandling) capacity of marshalling yards for distribution of train traffic flows between them makes it possible to improve the quality indicators of marshalling yard operation.

70-77

Authors: S. M. Ovcharenko

Purpose. The system of train sheet analysis (TSA) in the information system of JSC «Ukrzaliznytsia» provides work with passenger and suburban trains and has considerable potential. Therefore it is necessary to establish the prospects of development of the system. Methodology. Departments’ setup and the train delay causes should be carried out at every station and span, where such delays took place. This requires the fixation of condition deviations of infrastructure from normal and other adverse factors. In the sector of freight transportations the train schedule analysis is insufficient, since this analysis does not account for deviations from the terms of delivery. Therefore it also is necessary to analyze the delivery graphs. The basis for monitoring the cargo delivery is the method of control time points (CTP) of technological operations performed with cargo at railway stations. On the basis of CTP to assess the quality of the transport process one should calculate the values of the analysis of cargo delivery schedule (performance level of the cargo delivery schedule, the coefficient of ahead of schedule/delay delivery). Findings. The article proposes to develop the system TSA using the input and display of the train delay causes on-line by transportation service employees, expansion of statistical databases and processing of the input delay causes during its calculation train sheet analysis of freight trains and quality assessment of the delivery schedule fulfillment. It is also appropriate before the new operator companies had appeared to make changes in the instructions TSCHU-TSD-0002 on the list of departments, which include delayed trains, by adding «the department» «The fault of operator companies» and corresponding causes of delays. Originality. The scheme of automated TSA in the information system of JSC «Ukrzaliznytsia» was improved. The author proposes to determine the cargo delivery quality on the certain polygon using the following levels: high, satisfactory, low and ultralow. A schedule to determine the levels of delivery quality was developed. Practical value. The implementation of the proposed solutions will improve and enhance the formation of statistical reporting of TSA in JSC «Ukrzaliznytsia».

88-97

Authors: V. I. Shynkarenko, H. V. Zabula

Purpose.The second part of the paper completes presentation of constructive and the productive structures (CPS), modeling adaptation of data structures in memory (RAM). The purpose of the second part in the research is to develop a model of process of adaptation data in a RAM functioning in different hardware and software environments and scenarios of data processing. Methodology. The methodology of mathematical and algorithmic constructionism was applied. In this part of the paper, changes were developed the constructors of scenarios and adaptation processes based on a generalized CPS through its transformational conversions. Constructors are interpreted, specialized CPS. Were highlighted the terminal alphabets of the constructor scenarios in the form of data processing algorithms and the constructor of adaptation – in the form of algorithmic components of the adaptation process. The methodology involves the development of substitution rules that determine the output process of the relevant structures. Findings. In the second part of the paper, system is represented by CPS modeling adaptation data placement in the RAM, namely, constructors of scenarios and of adaptation processes. The result of the implementation of constructor of scenarios is a set of data processing operations in the form of text in the language of programming C#, constructor of the adaptation processes – a process of adaptation, and the result the process of adaptation – the adapted binary code of processing data structures. Originality. For the first time proposed the constructive model of data processing – the scenario that takes into account the order and number of calls to the various elements of data structures and adaptation of data structures to the different hardware and software environments. At the same the placement of data in RAM and processing algorithms are adapted. Constructionism application in modeling allows to link data models and algorithms for their processing with the performance criteria in the framework of unified approach and applied means. The developed models allow us to study the process of adaptation and control it. Practical value. The developed model and methods allow automatically changing the data placement in the RAM and their algorithmic connection depending on the operational requirements, the design features of the hardware and software operating environment.

109-118

Authors: L. I. Vakulenko, D. M. Bolotova, S. V. Proydak, M. A. Grischenko, I. O. Vakulenko

Purpose. The paper aims at estimation of resource of strength increase for railway wheel disk. Methodology. The material for research was carbon steel of railway wheel containing 0.57%C, 0.65%Si, 0.45%Mn, 0.0029%S, 0,014%P, 0,11%Cr. A railway wheel was heated to the temperatures above and was held at this temperature until the completion of аustenite homogenization processes and then the disk was cooled at a growing rate to a certain temperature. A temperature interval of completion of the speed-up wheel disk cooling was 200-450C. Structure was studied with the use of research methods under electronic and light microscopes. After accelerated cooling the estimation of metal structure imperfection degree was carried out with the use of X-ray structural analysis method. The stress and yielding limit of carbon steel were determined at tension, at a speed of deformation . The microhardness of steel structural components was estimated using the microhardness tester of PMT-3 type. Findings. The properties complex of railway wheel carbon steel depending on the temperature of the accelerated cooling termination is determined by the correlation of soften and work-hardening processes development. The effect of work-hardening is based on blocking of mobile dislocations due to a precipitation carbon atoms and dispersion work-hardening from the formed particles of carbidic phase. At the temperatures of the accelerated cooling termination of carbon steel higher than 300-350C the decrease rate of strength properties is determined by the exceeding of total soften effect from disintegration of solid solution, acceleration of spheroidithation and coalescence of cementite particles above the dislocations blocking by the carbon atoms and dispersion work-hardening. Originality. Authors proved that the strength level of the railway wheel carbon steel from the temperature of accelerated cooling completion is determined by the influence ratio of the solid solution satiety degree and dispersion work-hardening from a carbidic phase. For the temperatures of accelerated cooling termination 200-300C a decrease of solid solution satiety degree is a basic factor, which determines the level of the strength characteristic. Practical value. When making the whole-rolled railway wheel one can increase the strength limit of disk metal using the accelerated cooling to the middle interval of temperatures, which was successfully proven by authors.

129-147

Authors: L. O. Neduzha, A. O. Shvets

Purpose.To conduct the research at all stages of design, development, operation, residual operation life determination, namely, preliminary study, action principle choice, design of draft and technical projects, their optimization, preparation of design documentation and control information for automated production, comprehensive engineering analysis, it is required to use the latest computer technologies. Their use can not only present data and information in some way, but also gives the opportunity to effectively and directly interact with the information object that is created or demonstrated. Methodology.To perform engineering calculations associated with the analysis of the strength of machines, mechanisms, constructions one uses both analytical and numerical methods in practice.The most common method for analysing the stress-strain state of object models, obtaining their dynamic and stability characteristics at constant and variable modes of external load is the finite element method, which is implemented in many famous and widespread software products, providing strength calculation of models of machines, mechanisms and structures. Findings.The use of modern software for designing machine parts and various types of their joints and for strength analysis of structures is justified. Colour charts for distribution of stresses, displacement, internal efforts, safety factor and others allow accurate and quick identification of the most dangerous places in the structure. The program also provides an opportunity to «look» inside the elements and see the resulting distribution of internal force factors. Originality.The paper considered the aspects, which are unexplored at present, associated with the current state and prospects of development of industrial production, the use of software package for design and calculations in the mechanical industry. The result of the work is the justification of software application for solving problems that are aimed at using research findings for various practical tasks in specific fields of mechanical engineering. Practical value.Compared with other software systems, popularity of the considered one is explained by easy mastering of the system, quick implementation both in training and in production process The organizational structure, «friendly» graphical interface and accessible language make learning and use of the program very convenient. These and other factors actually reduce the time for project implementation, emphasize the relevance and the practical importance of the software system, which is appreciated by its users.

157-164

Authors: O. H. Reidemeister, A. V. Kivisheva

Purpose. In this paper it is necessary to conduct: 1) research and analyse the influence of throttle element pneumatic resistance on elastic and damping parameters of air spring; 2) to obtain the dependence of air spring parameters on throttle element pneumatic resistance value. Methodology. The work presents the elaborated model of the air spring as a dynamic system with three phase coordinates (cylinder pressure, auxiliary reservoir pressure, cylinder air mass). Stiffness and viscosity coefficients were determined on the basis of system response to harmonic kinematic disturbance. The data for the analysis are obtained by changing the capacity of the connecting element and the law of pressure variation between the reservoir and the cylinder. The viscosity coefficient is regarded as the viscosity ratio of the hydraulic damper, which for one oscillation cycle consumes the same energy as the air spring. The process of air condition change inside the cylinder (reservoir) is considered to be adiabatic; the mass air flow through the connecting element depends on the pressure difference. Findings. We obtained the curves for spring viscosity and stiffness coefficients dependence on the throttle resistance at three different laws, linking airflow through the cylinder with the pressure difference in cylinder and reservoir. At both maximum and minimum limiting resistance values the spring viscosity tends to zero, reaching its peak in the mean resistance values. Stiffness increases monotonically with increasing resistance, tends to the limit corresponding to the absence of an auxiliary reservoir (at high resistance) and the increase in cylinder volume by the reservoir volume (at low resistance). Originality.The designed scheme allows determining the optimal parameters of elastic and damping properties of the pneumatic system as function of the throttle element air resistance. Practical value.The ability to predict the parameters of elastic and damping properties of the pneumatic system as function of the throttle element air resistance will improve the running performance of carriages, the comfort of passenger transportation and reduce the wear of the rolling stock and the track caused by interaction of carriage and rails.

174-189

Authors: V. V. Kovalenko, Yu. L. Zayats, P. O. Pshinko, S. V. Kovalenko

Purpose. The work involves identifying the dependence of structural and mechanical properties of the concrete on the composition of used modifier additives, the nature of changes of structural and mechanical properties depending on the period of concrete hardening of test and modified samples. Methodology. The applied microstructural, fractographic, microprobe analyses and physico-mechanical tests revealed the required dependencies. Findings. The microstructure of the cement stone under equal conditions of concrete mix selection depends on the composition of used raw materials and production technology. This paper investigates the structural changes in the setting time of hard mixture concrete and effect of component parts of the complex modifier additive PLKP (produced by «Logia», Dnepropetrovsk) on morphology, dispersion and chemical composition of the cement stone, as well as the mechanical characteristics of concrete for the foundation slab. The study of the structural and physical-mechanical characteristics of the test samples and modified concrete at various hardening stages showed that the use Ukrainian hyper-plasticizer PLKP contributes to the formation of nano-structured concrete. The addition of hardening accelerators to the super-plasticizer additive reduces the diameter of crystal whiskers, increases the structural homogeneity and stability and improves the complex of the concrete mechanical characteristics. Application of new PLKP polycarboxylate additives in the production of concrete mixtures for the foundation slab allows eliminating the steaming from the foundation slab production technology. The absence of salt component in the additive improves the concrete durability. Originality. The paper showed that modification of the concrete with complex additive PLKP facilitates the formation of the most homogeneous structure of cement stone, which consists of compact crystals surrounded by fibrous crystals that are tightly intertwined in the pore space. This structure contributes to the maximum characteristics of the concrete compressive strength. Herewith the steaming by traditional technology helps to increase the size of the primary ettringite crystals having a tendency to restructure during the operation of concrete products at temperatures of around 200°C. Practical value. Adjustment of foundation slab production parameters, namely – steaming temperature reduction or elimination of this operation from the concrete sleeper production cycle, using PLKP additives, can improve the structural homogeneity and stability, increase the density of the concrete and result in positive effect on its durability.

9-18

Authors: V. I. Havryliuk, O. M. Voznyak, V. V. Meleshko

Purpose. In the paper it is necessary to analyze possibility of improving the positioning accuracy of train on the approach section to crossing for traffic safety control at railway crossings. Methodology. Researches were performed using developed mathematical model, describing dependence of the input impedance of the coded and audio frequency track circuits on a train coordinate at various values of ballast isolation resistances and for all usable frequencies. Findings. The paper presents the developed mathematical model, describing dependence of the input impedance of the coded and audio-frequency track circuits on the train coordinate at various values of ballast isolation resistances and for all frequencies used in track circuits. The relative error determination of train coordinate by input impedance caused by variation of the ballast isolation resistance for the coded track circuits was investigated. The values of relative error determination of train coordinate can achieve up to 40-50 % and these facts do not allow using this method directly for coded track circuits. For short audio frequency track circuits on frequencies of continuous cab signaling (25, 50 Hz) the relative error does not exceed acceptable values, this allow using the examined method for determination of train location on the approach section to railway crossing. Originality. The developed mathematical model allowed determination of the error dependence of train coordinate by using input impedance of the track circuit for coded and audio-frequency track circuits at various frequencies of the signal current and at different ballast isolation resistances. Practical value. The authors proposethe method for train location determination on approach section to the crossing, equipped with audio-frequency track circuits, which is a combination of discrete and continuous monitoring of the train location.

30-38

Authors: M. M. Biliaiev, L. Ya. Muntian

Purpose. The present research is aimed to the development of a method to assess the potential territorial risk in accidents on the railways, which takes into account the specificity of the chemically hazardous substances emission in emergency situations during their transportation. Methodology. The basis of the proposed method is numerical modeling of the transfer process is chemically dangerous substances in the atmosphere. The basis of the numerical model is the equation of convective-diffusion transfer of chemically hazardous substances. This equation takes into account the dispersion in atmosphere of dangerous substances due to wind and atmospheric diffusion. For the numerical integration of the equations of transfer of chemically hazardous substances in the atmosphere is applied an implicit finite-difference scheme of splitting. Based on the constructed numerical model was developed method for the assessment of potential territorial risk and generated code in algorithmic language Fortran. The developed method of spatio-temporal risk assessment takes into account: the territorial probable weather situations; emission mode of chemically hazardous substances; emission power; the movement of the source of emission. A computational experiment to assess the level of air pollution above the village Sinelnikovo during the emergency leak of ammonia was conducted. Findings. The proposed method allows calculating quicklythe potential risk of the leakage of chemically hazardous substances on the basis of the calculation of the level of pollution in different meteosituation. The method allows determining the size of the zone of toxic casualties and assessing the level of risk of accidents in railway transport. Using the developed numerical model evaluated the assessment of risk of casualties in the residential area of the village Sinelnikovo. Originality. The scientists established the method for the assessment of potential territorial risk, based on the numerical modeling of air pollution. The calculation of potential risk to residential areas of the village Sinelnikovo was executed. Practical value. The developed method of assessing risk potential can be used not only for solving problems of this class to objects of railway transport but also for other chemically dangerous objects. By using the developed method was evaluated potential risk to the village Sinelnikovo in the event of accidental emission of ammonia.

48-54

Authors: O. V. Berlov

Purpose. The paper highlights the development of numerical models for prediction of atmospheric pollution in case of burning of the solid rocket propellant in a railway car, situated near the building on railway territory. These models can be used in predicting the effectiveness of neutralization upon the atmosphere protection for this type of accidents. Methodology.To solve this problem the numerical models based on the use of Navier-Stokes equations, to determine the velocity field of the wind flow near cars and buildings, and contaminants-transfer equations in the atmosphere were developed. For the numerical integration of pollutant transport equation was used implicit «change – triangle» difference scheme. When constructing a difference scheme physical and geometric cleavage of the transfer equation is carried out in four steps. Unknown value of pollutant concentration at each step of cleavage is determined by the explicit scheme – the method of «point-to-point computation». For the numerical integration of the Navier-Stokes equations are used implicit difference schemes. When carrying out computing experiment also takes into account: the velocity profile of wind flow; interaction between the building and the wind flow and flame jet of solid rocket propellant; the presence of a railroad car; inside which there is a source of pollution; instability of pollutant emissions. On the basis of constructed numerical models was performed the computer experiment for assessing the level of air pollution at dangerous cargo rail transportation in case of emergency at railway territory.The application calculations for the timely combustion products neutralization of solid rocket propellant were carried out. Findings. The numerical models that let promptly calculate air contamination in case of emergency during solid rocket propellant transportation, as well as calculate the rational parameters of pollutant neutralization process were developed by the researcher. These models can be used for routine calculations of various accident scenarios simulation. Originality. Numerical models were developed; they take into account significant factors, influencing the pollutant dispersion process in the atmosphere. On their base a pollutant neutralization method was offered in emergency situations on the railway transport. Practical value.Efficient numerical models, so called «diagnostic models» were considered for the rapid calculation of the air pollution level and air protection technology in emergency situations, in particular, in the case of railway transportation the solid rocket propellant.

62-70

Authors: V. M. Bubnov, I. Yu. Kebal, M. B. Mankevych

Purpose. The volume of cargo transportation demands the introduction of a new generation of cars that would be able to provide all the needs of carriers. But this is impossible without the implementation of renovation repair facilities with the introduction of new technologies and modernization of the repair process. Repair of rolling stock is a key factor that must proceed with the establishment of new cars, as not all of the inventions may be repaired in car-repair depots, most of which are obsolete. The purpose is to analyze the possibility of increasing the efficiency of the repair process by introducing new repair technologies or improving the existing ones. It will improve not only the quality of the repair, but also its rate. Methodology. Works on improving the designs of freight cars are held by many design organizations in almost all industrialized countries. It makes repair organizations (depots and car-repair plants) to upgrade the repair process. Achievements of-this goal is possible by improving the technology renovation and reorganization through the use of flexible flow technologies, which to date are the most effective in the repair of rolling stock. Findings. When performing the analysis it was determined that there are different designs of cars. More of cars are all-purpose and their repair does not cause difficulties for car-repair business. However, the number of specialized cars is also significant, and the technology of their repair should be improved. One of the reasons is that many models, such as tank wagons for the carriage of sulfur, are intended for the carriage of dangerous goods and their failure at the time of motion is not permitted. Originality. Firstly the authors have defined direction at improving technologies of repair specialized cars. Practical value. Actual improvement in the construction of cars is to improve the existing repair facilities. In addition, the repair technology using nowadays when repairing cars is obsolete and requires improvement. Considered organization of the repair process is of practical value and can be used both in-time development of new repair facilities and the modernization of existing ones.

85-99

Authors: G. I. Nesterenko, M. I. Muzykin, V. L. Horobets, S. I. Muzykina

Purpose. The paper is aimed to analyse the existing car traffic organization at the marshalling yard aimed to reduce downtime of cars. Methodology. The methods of mathematical statistics allowed building the histogram of car traffic flow distribution at the marshalling yard and assessment of their parameters. The key quantitative and qualitative indicators of the station operation were analyzed. In order to analyze the effect of rehandling volume on the rehandled transit car downtime elements at the station we plotted the dependence graph of the car downtime elements on the rehandling volume. The curve variation on the graph clearly shows the effect of rehandling volume on two downtime elements: during formation and in expectation of operations. Findings. The question of reducing the average downtime of all car categories at the station should be solved by reducing unproductive downtime was proved. The correct determination of the average time spent by a rehandled transit car at the station is essential, especially in the conditions of new system of economic incentives. But still there is no separate methodology for determining the car downtime, which would allow to objectively consider the equipment and operation technology and exclude the possibility for subjective decisions. Originality. One of the main kinds of unproductive downtime during the carriage of goods by rail is a downtime on the marshalling yards in expectation of technological operations because of the system congestion. Reduction of this indicator is possible due to rational use of the marshalling yard capacity provided the rational distribution and car – and train flows between the major marshalling yards of Ukrzaliznytsia. Practical value. The analysis of changes in downtime elements, depending on the rehandling volume allows not only to identify the car downtime reduction methods, but also to make a correct assessment of station staff work, as well as to adjust the rate of idle wagons.

109-121

Authors: V. I. Shynkarenko, H. V. Zabula

Purpose. Rapidly growing volumes of information systems data being manipulated significantly reduce the temporary algorithms effeciency of their processing . Effective data layout in RAM is one of the directions of solving this problem. It is necessary to develop the model to solve problems of efficient automated data layout in RAM. Methodology. For processes simulation of data structures (DS) adaptation in RAM, the methodology of mathematical and algorithmic constructivism was applied. This approach involves the development of constructive and productive structures (CPS) with transformations of specialization, interpretation, specification and implementation. CPS development provides definition of expandable vector, signature of relations, transactions and constructive axioms. The most complex and essential part of the set of axioms is generated substitution rules that determine the output process of respective structures. Findings. CPS system was developed by the authors, consisting of the logical structure constructor of data, converters of logical structure in to a software interface and implementation in a programming language, constructors of scenarios and adaptation processes. The result of the adaptation process constructor is software text generations of the class library that implements the specified logical data structure with appropriate processing operations and its compilation in binary code. Originality. Structural model of development processes and data structures adaptation to different software and hardware environments was first proposed. It adapts date layout in the RAM and data processing algorithms. Application of constructivism in simulation allowed within a single approach and applied tools linking the data models and algorithms of their processing with performance criteria. Formation methodology of CPS system, mechanisms, and links between complementary CPS were improved. Modification of the constructor and converters allows changing and exploring the process of adaptation. Practical value. The developed model allows automating the data layout in RAM, which in turn increases the time efficiency of programs with significant processing of large and very large volumes of data.

131-146

Authors: V. M. Bohomaz

Purpose. A drive is one of the basic elements of belt conveyers. To determine the drive power it is necessary to conduct calculations by standard methodologies expounded in modern technical literature. Such calculations demand a fair amount of time. The basic design parameters of a belt conveyer include type of load, design efficiency, geometrical dimensions and path configuration, operation conditions. The article aims to build the parametric dependence of belt conveyer drive power on its design parameters, that takes into account standard dimensions and parameters of belts, idlers and pulleys. Methodology. The work examines a belt conveyer with two areas: sloping and horizontal. Using the methodology for pulling calculation by means of belt conveyer encirclement, there are built parametric dependences of pull forces in the characteristic conveyer path points on the type of load, design efficiency, geometrical dimensions and path configuration, operation conditions. Findings. For the belt conveyers of the considered type there are built parametric dependences of drive power on type of load, design efficiency, geometrical dimensions and path configuration, operation conditions, taking into account the belt standard dimensions and corresponding assumptions in relation to idler and pulley types. Originality.This is the first developed parametric dependence of two-area (sloping and horizontal) belt conveyer drive power on type of load, design efficiency, geometrical dimensions and path configuration, operation conditions that takes into account standard dimensions and parameters of belts, idlers and pulleys. Practical value. Use of the built drive power dependences on design parameters for the belt conveyers with sloping and horizontal areas gives an opportunity of relatively rapid determination of drive power approximate value at the design stage. Also it allows quality selection of its basic elements at specific design characteristics and requirements. The offered dependences can be used for determination of general character of drive power dependence on the project efficiency.

158-168

Authors: V. V. Suglobov, S. V. Raksha, P. A. Hrynko

Purpose. In the study is necessary: 1) to justify aligning drums of a new design of belt conveyors; 2) to develop a method for calculating and determining the rational design parameters of drums depending on the technical parameters of the conveyor belt (the length of the conveyor, belt width, the performance of the conveyor, the diameter of the drive and tension drums, etc.); 3) to carry out pilot studies of efficiency conveyor belt in a production environment in order to determine the magnitude of dynamic loads and a comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of the centering ability of conventional and new designs of drums. Methodology. To substantiate the effectiveness of the centering ability of the drums of a new design by the authors developed a mathematical model of interaction of the tape with the drum. Mathematical simulation of tape reels with new design comes to drawing up a differential equation of the belt based on the dynamic component and restoring force. This model allowed us to estimate the movement of the tape in the transverse direction based on the calculated additional dynamic loads and forces on the investigated centering a conveyor belt with given specifications. For the first time the technique of calculating and determining the rational parameters of the drums, which allows determining the design parameters of the centering portions, depending on the mechanical properties and geometric parameters of the tape. Findings. With the help of mathematical modeling the scientifically substantiated effect of centering the ability of the new design of the drum, which ensures stable tape running along the longitudinal axis of the conveyor. The authors made the following conclusions: 1) the mathematical model of interaction with the new belt design of the drum, which allowed to describe the belt in the transverse direction in view of additional dynamic loads and renewable power was developed; 2) the method of calculation and determination of parameters of rational design of new barrels, which allows to determine the design parameters of centering areas was proposed ; 3) the experimental studies of conveyor belt with given technical parameters in a production environment, which allowed to determine the dynamic loads during the acceleration conveyor, as well as optimize the start time to reflect these pressures was conducted. Thus, stationary conveyors with increasing acceleration of time from 10-15 to 24 with dynamic loads can be reduced from the level of 20-35% to 9-10% of the nominal. Comparative evaluation of experimental and calculated values of the magnitude of dynamic loads makes the difference to 4%. Originality. For the first time offered the theoretical tools that justify the effective performance of a new design of the drums of belt conveyors, as well as allow us to determine their rational design parameters. Practical value. New designs of drums, their method of calculation and constructive parameters can be used in the design of new and modernization of existing belt conveyors that will minimize unplanned downtime and improve the durability of the belt.

180-192

Authors: A. O. Shvets, K. I. Zhelieznov, A. S. Akulov, O. M. Zabolotnyi, E. V. Chabaniuk

Purpose. In the analytical research are considered: 1) relationships between the longitudinal force acting on the car in the train; 2) lateral and vertical forces of interaction in the contact zone «wheel – rail»; 3) dynamic indicators of cars with the magnitude of the car lift resistance factor; 4) obtaining of the dependencies between them. Methodology. The study was conducted by an analytical method assessing the sustainability of the freight car when driving at different speeds on the straight and curved track sections. Findings. In the process of studying the motion of the train, in the investigation of transport events, as well as during the training on the simulator operator, to assess the actions of the driver, the values of the longitudinal forces in the inter car connections are used. To calculate the longitudinal compressive forces, acting on the car, in which car lift resistance factor will be equal to the allowable value (critical force). To assess the impact on the value of the longitudinal force speed, coefficients of the vertical and horizontal dynamics, as well as the wind load on the side surface of the car body are the results of calculations of motion of the empty gondola car, model № 12-532 curve radius of 250 m with a rise of 150 mm and a transverse run of body of car frame relative to the track axis of the guide section 50 mm. Originality. In this study, the technique of determining the longitudinal compressive force was shown, that is somewhat different from the standard. So, as well as assessing the impact on it the speed of rolling coefficients of vertical and horizontal dynamics and wind load on the side surface of the car body. Practical value. The authors developed proposals on the enhancement of existing methods for determining the value of the longitudinal compressive forces acting on the car in which the safety value of the car lift resistance factor will be equal to the allowable value. It will evaluate the stability of each train car lift resistance factor directly during the simulation of its movement. The most effective use of this technique in the simulator designed to teach the drivers a safe way of driving trains and in the investigation of the causes of cars derailment.

7-15

Authors: O. Y. Yehorov

Purpose. The identification of rolling stock on the railroads is an integral part of many automation systems as trains in general and cars separately. Various information management systems at sorting yards require the operational information about the object while performing the manufacturing operations. The improvement of the determination accuracy of different parameters characterizing the rolling stock, leads to the immediate quality progress in the traffic volumes management. The aim of the paper is to develop a method to estimate the errors of determination the interaxle distance of the flexible units in the control section using the point path-control transducer for future identification of cars and locomotives. Methodology. To achieve this goal the simulation method and experiment planning were used. The simulation model allowing determining the time intervals between the collisions of wheelset of movable units in point path-control transducer on the control section with variable characteristics of identification devices was developed. The values of the time intervals obtained with using the simulation mode were applied in the method of experiment planning to the final target. Findings. The calculated analytical values of the errors of the interaxle distances do not have the significant differences from values obtained using the simulation model. It makes possible to use the received functional dependence to estimate the possible errors in the identification of rolling stock. The results of this work can be used to identify separate flexible units, and trains in general. Originality. The functional dependence of the error of the interaxle distance error from the fixing point of the wheel path-control transducer, the distance between the sensors and the measured distance was derived using a previously conducted research of the factors influencing the error in determining the interaxle distance of the movable units, and developed simulation model to calculate the interaxle distance. Practical value. This functional dependence allows solving the following tasks: to calculate the maximum possible error of determining the interaxle distance of the movable units at known parameters of control section and calculation of parameters of the control section, when the possible acceptable error of determining the interaxle distance of the flexible units is known.

25-34

Authors: E. B. Demchenko

Purpose. One of the priorities of station sorting complex functioning improvement is the breaking-up process energy consumptions reduction, namely: fuel consumption for train pushing and electric energy consumption for cut braking. In this regard, an effective solution of the problem of energy consumption reduction at breaking-up subsystem requires a comprehensive handling of train pushing and cut rolling down processes. At the same time, the analysis showed that the current task of pushing process improvement and cut rolling down effectiveness increase are solved separately. To solve this problem it is necessary to develop the complex simulation model of train breaking up process at humps. Methodology. Pushing process simulation was done based on adapted under the shunting conditions traction calculations. In addition, the features of shunting locomotives work at the humps were taken into account. In order to realize the current pushing mode the special algorithm of hump locomotive controlling, which along with the safety shunting operation requirements takes into account behavioral factors associated with engineer control actions was applied. This algorithm provides train smooth acceleration and further movement with speed, which is close to the set speed. Hump locomotive fuel consumptions were determined based on the amount of mechanical work performed by locomotive traction. Findings. The simulation model of train pushing process was developed and combined with existing cut rolling down model. Cut initial velocity is determined during simulation process. The obtained initial velocity is used for further cut rolling process modeling. In addition, the modeling resulted in sufficiently accurate determination of the fuel rates consumed for train breaking-up. Originality. The simulation model of train breaking-up process at the humps, which in contrast to the existing models allows reproducing complexly all the elements of this process in detail and evaluate accurately its quality, was improved by the author. Practical value. The developed model can help to determine a rational processing mode of sorting complex. For this purpose, it is appropriate to include the model into the decision support system of dispatching station staff.

45-56

Authors: I. O. Bondarenko

Purpose. The purpose of study is to identify the features of the railway track work deformation by establishing the boundaries of the track sustainability depending on the design and condition of systems of the upper and lower track structure, plan of a line for the possibility of forming a regulatory framework for reliability and functional safety of railway track in Ukraine. Methodology. The complete method of S. P. Pershyn of determination the critical values of compressive strength was used for the achievement of the purpose. Findings. The author found that the ratio of the minimum values of compressive force under the certain bending deformation can be used as evaluation conditions of the track deformation resistance and basis for formation the base of reliability and functional safety of the Ukrainian railway track. Originality. The theoretical position for the consideration the deformation stability of the upper and lower track structure were proposed. It will allow studying the process of deformation work of the system, which changes its state during a particular operating time. Thus, it allows determining the parameters of the functional reliability of the train as a part of security pass of the rolling stock on the track, accounting its technical condition. Practical value. Usually for the safe passage of rolling stock the parameters of the oscillations of the «vehicle – track» are determined. These parameters are normalized with the instructions on design and maintenance of the railway track. Changes in the regulatory framework of rail transport in recent years provide the observance of its functional safety that are not included in the existing regulations of the railway track. Therefore it is necessary the issue of effect impact assessment of the rolling stock on the track to consider as a dynamic process, limit states criteria of which are determined on the basis of existing norms, correlated with the reliability states, and to develop criteria for security throughout the life cycle on their basis. At considering the dynamic process of track oscillation and rolling stock must take into account the deformation resistance of the track. This issue was addressed only in terms of changes in temperature deformations. This study provides a basis at which it is possible to take into account the stiffness of deformation for the ability of regulatory framework formation for reliability and functional safety of railway track in Ukraine.

65-77

Authors: E. I. Danilenko

Purpose. Studying the characteristics of spatial flexibility of rail thread is necessary for solving problems in calculation rails durability in full formulation, namely under combined action of vertical and horizontal forces and torque moment on the track. Characteristics of torsional lateral horizontal elasticity and rail thread are the least researched under combined action of vertical and horizontal forces on the track. In the current method of engineering calculation the track durability the impact on track horizontal forces are counted only indirectly through the use of so-called «factors of influence», which are not connected with calculations. That is, the current method cannot let obtain the exact strains and stresses of rails under combined action on the track vertical and horizontal forces. The article purpose is solving the problem of calculation the real lateral modulus of railway track under combined action of vertical and horizontal forces. Methodology. In this paper the complex method of solving the problem was used: with the help of experimental method characteristics of rail horizontal transverse stiffness when exposed only horizontal force were measured; theoretical researches were used for calculation the actual lateral elastic modulus of track Uy(T) (when combined action of vertical and horizontal forces on track takes place). Findings. New data characteristics of lateral flexibility of rail thread were obtained for modern designs of the railway track on concrete and wooden sleepers with rails R65, UIC60, R50, R43 and with fastenings КБ, КПП-5, КПП-1, Д0. Originality. For the first time in domestic researches, experimental and theoretical solution of characteristics of lateral flexibility of rail threads under combined action of vertical and horizontal wheel loads with positioning the functional dependence of variable transverse modulus of the rail elasticity Uy(T) from the ratio of co-operating vertical and horizontal dynamic forces Pdyn / Нdyn . Practical value. The results allow calculating the strength of rail threads considering combined action of vertical and horizontal forces on the track for concrete and wooden sleepers with significantly higher accuracy than with the current method of calculation the track for strength.

88-100

Authors: O. M. Patlasov, S. O. Tokariev

Purpose. The deficit of permanent way (PW) material elements leads to a revision of the re-use of old serviceable object after their replacement or repair. As an example is the following fact, that after the wear in the under-rail area of wooden sleepers and beams, or other defects that prevent their further exploitation, there is an acute issue of their planned replacement. Usually, the required minimum margin of sleepers is always in the track service brigades. As for the wooden beams the length of which in the turnouts is up to 5 m, there is not always possible quickly replace them due to the lack of size in the short term. Therefore, the geometric dimensions of the connect elements of the two halves of the beams or sleepers in a single rigid structure were proposed and justified and its characteristics do not differ from solid beam. Methodology. The authors considered the calculation algorithm of wooden elements connection and mathematical models that describe the elastic properties of base. The most adequate technique that fully characterizes the interactions beam in the form of a beam of finite length on the ballast was determined. Findings. The qualitative and quantitative verification of the results showed a very good agreement between the values of bending moments, shear forces and deflections that were obtained by the finite difference method (FDM) and the analytical method. It gives the reason to believe that the received geometric dimensions of nag connection can be recommended to employees of track facilities to connect the wooden sleepers on the switches and crossovers. Originality. The nag connection geometrical sizes of two wooden sleepers in the beam for using on switches were substantiated. Practical value. The proposed joint design allows re-using of renovated old wooden sleepers and bars. This design can be applied not only for the connection of conventional wooden sleepers in the beam of desired length, but also to create the halves of a single sleeper designs for lightly loaded sections of the station and access routes.

110-117

Authors: S. V. Myamlin, L. A. Muradian, D. M. Baranovsky

Purpose. Scientific paper is aimed at disclosing the existing problem of the «reliability» definition and provides a reasoned definition of the term. The study assumes the development of a complex that includes the methodology and appropriate terminology that will be true. Methodology. Currently there is reliability theory in the special case of the probabilistic and statistical theory, which is used to determine or predict the occurrence of object failures. Within the existing theories the term «reliability» is formulated, the parameters related to it are described. Findings. On the basis of the conducted analysis of the research within the existing theory of reliability and personal considerations of the authors, they formulated a definition of the term «reliability». The methodology and study of the object reliability on the example of a freight car was proposed. Originality. The authors proposed a new definition of the «reliability» term. Namely: reliability is an assessment of the ability of an object to maintain the original property within the established limits and temporary space, in the conditions of storage and transportation, as well as to perform the required functions in predetermined modes of operation with maintenance and repair facility. The reliability parameters include: reliability, durability, maintainability and safety that characterize the object. Also a methodology for developing and study the reliability of a freight car was developed, which comprises: 1) design, technological and operational reliability; 2) scientific experiment, including the modeling of the freight car in different conditions and operating modes; 3) the reliability theory is presented as combined or modified, covering the mathematical and physical foundations; 4) Bayesian statistics that describe the different states of a freight car with a breakdown of its basic components and with the appropriate probability for each component to describe the overall reliability. Practical value. The results of the study allow to provide a full and accurate picture with a corresponding failure of a freight car and to improve approaches to the construction and study of the reliability of the car overall.

127-133

Authors: O. H. Reidemeister, V. Yu. Shaposhnyk

Purpose. In the paper it is necessary to estimate the determination accuracy of a car stopping distance during the test by the method of sequential braking. The method of sequential braking is applied for experimental evaluation of the stopping distances. Unlike the abandonment method when a sample car is disconnected from the tractive connection and they record the stopping distance of a single car from the moment of uncoupling to the moment of stop, the method of sequential braking involves stopping distance measurement of the tractive connection, the integrity of which in the course of the test is not affected, but its set (locomotive, locomotive with the track test car or with a sample car) at the different stages of the test is changed. Direct measuring of the stopping distance of a sample car is not possible using this way, it requires calculating of the stopping distance values of the tractive connection. This adversely affects the accuracy of the result, but it can increase the safety level of the test. Methodology. To evaluate the accuracy researches have conducted the numerical experiment, which simulated experimental processing of stopping distance values. An error was found by giving disturbance of basic data (stopping distance of tractive connection of different configuration) and analyzing the resulted scatter of readings (stopping distance of a single car). Findings. The study proved: 1) the relative error of car stopping distances value, with relative error of basic data 1%, made 3.3-19.7% (depending on the tractive connection variant). 2) the proposed ways of error reduction (without track test car, less-weighed-locomotive use) allowed declining the error to 2.15-5.1%. Originality. The methodology of error estimation of car stopping distances determination under tests by the method of sequential braking was proposed. Practical value. Work results make it possible to replace the running brake tests by the abandonment method, under which the integrity of tractive connections is broken, with safer testing by the method of sequential braking, providing the level of result accuracy of 2-5%.

149-163

Authors: V. V. Kovalenko, Y. L. Zayats, P. O. Pshinko

Purpose. The aim of the paper is to study the factors that led to the premature destruction of concrete sleepers. Methodology. The express-method of determining the morphology and chemical composition of structural components in concrete, patented by Dnipropetrovsk National University of Railway Transport was used in the paper. Methodology makes it possible to control the morphology and chemical composition of cement crystals as the weakest link in the structure of composite material – concrete, and to predict, in accordance with the recommendations of the German Scientists, the possibility of structural transformation of cement in the solid state, which determines the durability of the composite material. Findings. The mass destruction of concrete sleepers on railways of Ukraine is becoming more frequent every year. Moreover, if such destruction in 2010 appears after 4-5 years of operation, in 2015 it is only after 2-3 years of installing the sleepers on the main railways. The nature of the destruction of concrete sleepers can be noted as malty factors influence on it. The batches of cement and other raw materials have been investigated before using with the standard methods in accredited laboratories of PAC «Ukrgeolbudm» (Kyiv) and received a positive evaluation for use in the production of concrete sleepers. However, a significant error in experimental data by standard methods not allowed revealing the critical properties of materials that adversely effect on the durability of rail base concrete. According to the research it was determined that the causes of mass destruction of sleepers are: 1) the inhomogeneity of the macrostructure of the concrete, as a consequence of the use of crushed rock of fraction 5-25 mm; 2) the impact of aggressive environment on the surface of the concrete sleepers; 3) the presence of a secondary structure of sleepers of large ettringite crystals prone to restructuring and the presence of alkaline silicic acid reaction products around the amorphous or those containing amorphous silica sand particles; 4) the exceeding of regulatory factor of the reduced alkalinity of dense and porous components of cement stone is respectively to 3.6 and 3.2 times; 5) saturation of the surface of sand particles of chlorine atoms, which are further accelerate and initiate the alkaline silicic acid reaction. Originality. The scientists firstly applied the author's proprietary express-method of studying the morphology and chemical composition of the structural components of concrete. Practical value. The application of the proposed research methodology and structure of raw materials in the concrete production cycle of enterprises will help to prevent the premature deterioration of concrete as a result of internal factors.

174-182

Authors: D. V. Rudenko

Purpose. The paper is aimed to the development of scientific bases of the technology of modified concrete of new generation for special facilities by managing the processes of structure formation of modified cement system in conditions of hardening. Methodology. For the achievement the goal: 1) the research of rheological characteristics of modified concrete mixes for special facilities purpose and processes of structure formation of modified cement system of natural curing concrete was conducted; 2) there were defined methods of reliable evaluation of concrete strength at the removal time of formwork and transmission of loads to the constructions where the concrete has not reached the designed strength. Findings. The author found that the structure formation process develops in the hydrating modified cement system as a result of interaction of various macroions. In this process its active parts prevail, which considerably exceed its dissipative part compared to normal conditions of hardening. Originality. There were established the regularities of structure formation of modified cement system, reinforced with synthesized, well crystallized helical filamentary crystals, mechanical grip of which is considered as a principal source of strength in combination with an additional coupling achieved due to cross-germination of crystals. Practical value. In the study the increased binding capacity of cement in high strength concretes and the use of modified cement systems in the special conditions of concreting were considered. The organo-mineral modifying complex that provides the dispersed reinforcement of concrete cement matrix which allows modifying the process of cement matrix structure formation by changing the nature of the surface of binder and modifier was developed. The temperature factor has no negative influence on the hardening concrete and complex modifier provides the improved physico-mechanical characteristics of cement matrix and concrete by means of the primary changes in the system state. In the modified hydrating cement system as a result of interaction of various macroions the structure-forming process with advantage of active parts, which significantly exceed its dissipative part of the normal conditions of hardening are developing. The results of modeling the behavior of modified hydrating cement system show that fluctuations in the concentration of intermediate hydration products are observed in the system. They are identified with the emergence of spatiotemporal structure.

7-15

Authors: V. I. Havrilyuk, V. I. Shcheka, V. V. Meleshko

Purpose. In the paper there is the comparative analysis of standards and methods of measurements of electromagnetic interference, those are caused by electrical equipment of new types of rolling stock with AC and DC-current electric traction in accordance with the normative documents are adopted in Ukraine and the EU. The development on this basis the measuring method of current interference in traction network, generated by the electrical equipment of electric rolling stock (ERS) applicable to testing the new types of rolling stock for electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) with different systems of railway signaling is also needed. Methodology. The testing method has been offered. It includes measurements in power circuits of rolling stock, as well as in track devices of signalization systems. Findings. Norms and methods tests of a rolling stock on electromagnetic compatibility with track circuits (TC) were analyzed. It was found that a large variety of electricity supply systems, signalization and link in Europe makes it necessary to test new types of electric rolling stock for electromagnetic compatibility with pick up unit in each country separately, taking into account the features used in its systems. It is greatly increases the cost of introducing new types of rolling stock. The test method of electric rolling stock EMC with track circuits has been developed; it includes measurement in power circuits of rolling stock, as well as in track devices of signalization systems. Measurements in accordance with the proposed methodology for electric rolling stock with asynchronous traction drive when driving on sections electrified at AC and DC have been carried out. The values of the interference current in track circuit to all the frequencies of the signal current have been defined. It is shown that under some modes of the train the interference current exceed the permissible values. Originality. The method for measuring interference current generated by rolling stock electrical equipment in the traction network was offered. The method assumes the simultaneous recording of the network current of electric train, automatic locomotive signaling current, train`s speed, driver`s controller handle position and reverse traction current in a track line when trains passing over the measuring section with subsequent computer processing results, computer and physical simulations. Practical value. Using of the developed method improves the accuracy of the tests and reduces their cost.

25-39

Authors: P. V. Bech, G. I. Nesterenko, S. I. Muzykina, O. V. Lashkov, M. I. Muzykin

Purpose. In this paper it is necessary to analyze the types of competition in the transport market in order to find ways to improve the competitiveness of railway transport and to determine the ensuring equal conditions for all market participants by eliminating discrimination in competition. Methodology. Analysis of recent research and publications on the subject was held by the authors. The question of the development of competition, increased competitiveness in railway transport was investigated. Attention is drawn to the fact that due to the decline in traffic volumes on all modes of transport competition may significantly change the usual sphere the effective use of different modes of transport. Every mode of transport occupies a particular segment of the transport market, taking into account its technical and economic features, weakly competing, and in some cases do not compete with each other (except the road transport). However, it is entirely possible competition inside these segments.Findings. The problems of management of competitiveness, including the transport market, which required extensive analysis and serious scientific study, were identified. Originality. As a result of this work the features of transport and production of transport in modern conditions were structured. The dependences of passenger turnover and freight turnover by mode of transport over the past decade were shown. The question of additional profits by providing the cargo owners a range of service was examined. The optimal combination of cost and quality of such services at each transportation company promotes increasing its competitive status. Practical value. Competition between enterprises of the industry put the aim of improving the competitiveness of not only railway subsystems directly involved in technology movement of cargoes and the movement of passengers, but also the organization of infrastructure in the first place – subsystems to expand services and improve service for passengers and cargo owners. Ensuring of equal conditions for all market participants is achieved through a ban of three key anti-competitive actions: the adoption of agreements restricting competition; abuse of a dominant (monopolistic) position and mergers, which result in a dominant market position to restrict competition.

53-65

Authors: I. V. Zhukovytskyy, I. A. Kliushnyk, O. B. Ochkasov, R. O. Koreniyk

Purpose. The article describes the process of developing the information-measuring test system of diesel locomotives hydraulic transmission, which gives the possibility to obtain baseline data to conduct further studies for the determination of the technical condition of diesel locomotives hydraulic transmission. The improvement of factory technology of post-repair tests of hydraulic transmissions by automating the existing hydraulic transmission test stands according to the specifications of the diesel locomotive repair enterprises was analyzed. It is achieved based on a detailed review of existing foreign information-measuring test systems for hydraulic transmission of diesel locomotives, BelAZ earthmover, aircraft tug, slag car, truck, BelAZ wheel dozer, some brands of tractors, etc. The problem for creation the information-measuring test systems for diesel locomotive hydraulic transmission is being solved, starting in the first place from the possibility of automation of the existing test stand of diesel locomotives hydraulic transmission at Dnipropetrovsk Diesel Locomotive Repair Plant "Promteplovoz". Methodology. In the work the researchers proposed the method to create a microprocessor automated system of diesel locomotives hydraulic transmission stand testing in the locomotive plant conditions. It acts by justifying the selection of the necessary sensors, as well as the application of the necessary hardware and software for information-measuring systems. Findings. Based on the conducted analysis there was grounded the necessity of improvement the plant hydraulic transmission stand testing by creating a microprocessor testing system, supported by the experience of developing such systems abroad. Further research should be aimed to improve the accuracy and frequency of data collection by adopting the more modern and reliable sensors in tandem with the use of filtering software for electromagnetic and other interference. Originality. The authors developed the information-measuring system that improves the hydraulic transmission test process by automating and increasing the accuracy of measurements of control parameters. The measurement results are initial data for carrying out further studies to determine the technical condition of the hydraulic transmission UGP750-1200 during the plant post-repair tests. Practical value. The paper proposed the alternate design of microprocessor hydraulic transmission test system for diesel locomotives, which has no analogues in Ukraine. Automated data collection during the tests will allow capturing the fast processes to determine the technical condition of hydraulic transmission.

75-83

Authors: I. O. Bondarenko

Purpose. Scientific work aims at the determination the basic laws of fluctuations propagation process from exitation of rolling stock in the design system of permanent way and substructures of the railway lines for studing the deformation processes as the basis for a regulatory framework of the track operation in the conditions of ensuring the reliability of railways. Methodology. To achieve the aim the principles of elasticity theories and wave propagation process in describing the interaction track and rolling stock were applied. Findings. The kinds of fluctuations and system which should be used when considering the fluctuations in the deformation process of rail track were established. The general view of the displacement function was determined. Originality. The theoretical concepts and principles to consider fluctuations of a structures system of permanent way and substructures of the railway track, energised by rolling stock were grounded. This will allow studing the process of deformation work of the mentioned system, which changes its state. That in turn will allow us to determine the parameters of the trains functional reliability, as part of the security passes of rolling stock on the track section with regard to its technical condition. Practical value. Usually for safe crossing of rolling stock parameters of fluctuation process in the system «vehicle-track» are determined. Existing models or carefully consider fluctuations of rolling stock in generalized characteristics of the structures of permanent way and substructures of the railway tracks or view of quasi-dynamic fluctuations rails with general characteristics of under rail base. This review process of oscillations, energised by rolling stock and delivered to all the elements of the permanent way and substructures of the railway track do not allow determining both the reliability parameters of elements in the system of track construction and parameters of functional reliability of trains as part of security checkpoints in the area of rolling stock gauge because of its technical state. Therefore, for examining issues of reliable performance elements of the permanent way and substructures of the railway track are proposed its stress-strain work. It gives the possibility to consider a dynamic process, localized both in time and space.

97-106

Authors: Sz. Fischer

Purpose. Using adequate granular materials and layer structures in the railway super- and substructure is able to stabilise railway track geometry. For this purpose special behaviour of above materials has to be determined, e.g. inner shear resistance. Inner shear resistance of granular media with and without geogrid reinforcement in different depths is not known yet. Methodology. The author developed a special laboratory method to measure and define inner shear resistance of granular materials, it is called «multi-level shear box test». This method is adequate to determine inner shear resistance (pushing force) vs. depth (distance from the «zero» surface). Two different granular materials: andesite railway ballast (31.5/63 mm) and andesite railway protection layer material (0/56 mm), and seven different types of geogrids (GG1…GG7) were used during the tests. Findings. Values of inner shear resistance functions of andesite railway ballast without geogrid reinforcement and reinforced with different types of geogrids and andesite granular protection layer in function of the vertical distance from the geogrid plane were determined with multi-layer shear box tests when the material aggregation is uncompacted and compacted. Only the compacted sample was tested in case of the 0/56 mm protection layer. Cubic polynomial regression functions fitted on the mean values of the measurements are described graphically. Determination coefficients with values of R2>0.97 were resulted in all the cases of regression functions. Based on the polynomial regression functions fitted on the mean values of the test results, three increasing factors were determined in function of the distance measured from the geogrid. Increasing factor «A», «B» and «D». Originality. Multi-level shear box test, developed by the author, is certified unequivocally adequate for determining inner shear resistance of reinforced and unreinforced granular materials, e.g. railway ballast, protection layer. Practical value. The paper formulated the requirements of using geogrid-reinforced railway ballast and protection layer material to stabilise railway track geometry, e.g. dewatering, draining, separation, minimum ballast depth, and suggested geogrid types from investigated ones.

115-122

Authors: P. G. Anofriev

Purpose. In modern construction the placing of concrete is often performed using distribution equipment of concrete pumps. Increase of productivity and quality of this construction work requires improvement of both concrete pumps and their tooling. The concrete pumps tooling consists of standardized concrete conveying pipes and connector bends radius of up to 2 m. A promising direction of tooling improvement is the reduce of resistance to movement of the concrete in the concrete conveying pipe by increasing the radius of the bend. The aim of this study is to determine the feasibility of developing and implementing connector bends with radius greater than 2 m. Methodology. The criterion of efficiency in using bends with radius of more than 2 m in connector concrete pipes is reduction of resistance to movement of the concrete, enhancing the productivity of concrete pumps. Studies of resistance to movement of concrete in the concrete conveying pipe are performed on the mathematical simulations. Findings. On the proposed models are calculated the resistance to movement of concrete in the concrete conveying pipe of the autoconcrete pump with a three-section distribution boom. Reduction of the resistance to concrete movement was obtained for the four major sections of the provisions of the distribution boom in the autoconcrete pump. Originality. Two mathematical simulations were developed to calculate the resistivity to concrete movement in the bends of concrete conveying pipe depending on the radius of the bend. Practical value. The proposed by the author simulations allow us to calculate resistivity to the concrete movement in the concrete conveying pipe and general resistance to the concrete movement in the concrete pipe of the autoconcrete pump with three sections of the distribution boom. The study found a decrease of 10.3−75.5% of the resistance to concrete movement in the concrete conveying pipe with connector bends of an increased radius. These results confirm the usefulness of the bends application in the concrete conveying pipe with a radius of more than 2 m.

132-140

Authors: S. V. Myamlin, O. H. Reidemeister, A. L. Pulariia, V. O. Kalashnyk

Purpose. The scientific work supposed: 1) the search of accounting ways of the local corrosion damages influence to the car design, that were expired the appointed time, for the purpose of renewal; 2) experimental verification of conformity of material construction requirements of the normative documentation and justification for extending the services of passenger cars with pockets of corrosion after 30 years of operation; 3) the conformity assessment of residual life of the structure of car bodies operating pressures in the next 5 years of use. Methodology. The developed algorithm of technical diagnostics of cars with pockets of corrosion of the center sill contains several stages. First, a survey of technical condition of structures is conducted by a visual-optical method and nondestructive control methods, and the degree of damage is determined. In the next phase the experimental verification of conformity of the structure and mechanical properties of the center sill of the car with the pockets of corrosion to regulatory requirements are executed. Next, the study of strength of the supporting structures of car bodies on the basis of experimental static and impact tests of strength is executed. Finally, the endurance tests are conducted on the effect of the longitudinal forces and the evaluation and prediction of compliance resource car bodies for the next period are executed. Findings. The actual work is completed by obtaining the experimental data on the feasibility of extending the service life of passenger cars as from the point of view of an operating time of load-bearing elements of the car body to the resource, and from the point of view of chemical composition, structure and mechanical properties of the center sill with pockets of corrosion. The presence of local corrosion damages of the center sill of the presented size is not a threat to the structural strength and safety. Originality. The authors conducted a comprehensive study to validate the service life of passenger cars both on the part of the operating time of the car bodies elements on impact toughness and the evaluation the mechanical properties of the metal from which the elements of the car are produced. For the first time the possibility of further operation of cars with corrosion damages in the center sill is grounded. Practical value. The obtained results allow without the additional activities to extend the service life of passenger cars with pockets of corrosion in the center sill.

150-159

Authors: M. S. Ivanova, S. V. Konoval, S. F. Abed

Purpose. This article is devoted to research of soil in complex engineering and geological conditions, as well as ways to improve the stability of the stacked bases structurally unstable soils. The relevance of this work lies in the solution of grounds stability problem interacting with foundations established on structurally unstable soils. In accordance with the researches results compiled recommendations aimed to the improvement of the base stability folded by structurally unstable soils is supposed. Methodology. The aim of the work is to improve the reliability of the strength characteristics obtained by the method of mathematical modeling of the expected processes. The objective was the enhancements the existing testing methods and technologies in order to determine the relative value of safety factor and reliability assessment of the bearing capacity of the base folded structurally unstable soils. Findings. This system was designed to ensure the automated measurement of deformation parameters on the on-line with followed mathematical processing and presentation of data in an accessible form. Thus, the obtained results allow drawing the conclusions about the patterns of structure strain state, as well as predicting its future behavior. It all depended on well-formed mathematical algorithm, which is adjusted by tests conducted in natural conditions in selected regions of the Donbass region. Originality. One of the most effective ways to start and register a timely activation of deformation processes in plant cells from the damaging effects is the use of automated systems with high reliability which receive signals from the deformable objects. The main tool used to solve the problem, was the method of mathematical modeling in ACS reproducing receptive model processes in the soil with a program «HRUNT» and «MONOMAKH». And modeling the three-dimensional base of the building on the joint work of the soil mass and building by the finite element method (FEM-calculation) in the PC-LIRA system. Practical value. The problem of increasing the sustainability of slope, the prognosis of deformations and their strengthening, remains urgent. This is due to the increasing shortage of available land area and the location of facilities in cramped conditions, near the slopes composed of the non-uniform grounds.

169-179

Authors: M. A. Lisnevskyi, V. O. Sukhorskyi

Purpose. Taking into consideration that the bearing capacity of the foundation may be insufficient, in the study it is assumed that pile foundation can be used to reduce the impact of the construction of new retaining structures on roads and railways near the existing buildings or in areas of dense urban development and ensure the stability of the foundation. To reduce the volume of excavation it is necessary to choose the economic structure of the retaining wall. To do this, one should explore stress-strain state (SSS) of the retaining walls, to develop methods to improve their strength and stability, as well as to choose the most appropriate method of their analysis. Methodology. In the design of retaining walls foundation mat and piles are considered as independent elements. Since the combined effect of the retaining wall, piles and foundation mat as well as the effect of soil or rock foundation on the structure are considered not fully, so there are some limitations in the existing design techniques. To achieve the purpose the box tests of retaining walls models without piles and with piles for studying their interaction with the surrounding soil massif were conducted. Findings. Laboratory simulation of complex systems «surrounding soil – retaining wall – pile» was carried out and on the basis of the box test results were analyzed strains and its main parameters of the stress-strain state. Analysis of the results showed that the structure of a retaining wall with piles is steady and stable. Originality. So far, in Ukraine has not been carried out similar experimental box tests with models of retaining walls in such combinations. In the article has been presented unique photos and test results, as well as their analysis. Practical value. Using the methodology of experimental tests of the retaining wall models with piles and without them gives a wider opportunity to study stress-strain state of such structures.

195-204

Authors: O. M. Pshinko, A. V. Krasnyuk, O. V. Hromova

Purpose. Scientific work aims at the development and testing of information system to meet the challenges of concrete composition design and control (for railway structures and buildings) based on the physico-analytical method algorithm for hydraulic concrete composition calculation. Methodology. The proposed algorithm of hydraulic concrete composition calculation is based on the physicochemical mechanics and in particular on the rheology of elastic–viscous–plastic bodies. The system of canonical equations consists of the equations for concrete strength, absolute volume, concrete mix consistency as well as the equation for optimal concrete saturation with aggregates while minimizing cement content. The joint solution of these four equations related to composition allows determining for the materials the concrete composition of required strength, concrete workability with minimum cement content. The procedure for calculation of hydraulic concrete composition according to the physico-analytical method consists of two parts: 1) physical, which is laboratory testing of concrete mix components in different concrete compositions; 2) analytical, which represents the calculation algorithm for concrete compositions equivalent in concrete strength and workability that comply with the specific conditions of concrete placing. Findings. To solve the problem of designing the concrete composition with the desired properties for railway structures and buildings it was proposed to use the information technology in the form of a developed computer program whose algorithm includes the physico-analytical method for hydraulic concrete composition determination. Originality. The developed concrete composition design method takes into account the basic properties of raw materials, concrete mix and concrete, which are pre-determined. The distinctive feature of physico-analytical method is obtaining of a set of equivalent compositions with a certain concrete mix consistency and required concrete strength, which allows to optimize the concrete composition by any optimality criterion, depending on the operation conditions. Practical value. Using the developed method will expand its functionality when applied in the form of the composition calculation computer program for the construction and repair of surface and underwater structures. The use of physico-analytical method at production site will simultaneously solve the economic problems of construction and maintenance cost reduction, component saving and ensure obtaining the concrete with the set properties for specific operation conditions of transport engineering structures.

7-22

Authors: T. O. Kolesnykova, O. V. Matvieieva

Purpose. Key performance indicators of the research are bibliometric ones which are a powerful informative tool to support the development of science. Therefore, nowadays in the world they are related to the obligatory elements in reporting of scientific institutions, universities, research groups and individual scientists. Based on the above stated, the purpose of the article is: 1) disclosure of concepts in bibliometrics; 2) definition the role of university libraries in the processes of University research measuring; 3) description the program Bibexel methodology for the analysis of the scientific articles metadata. Methodology. The theoretical base of the research is publications covering contemporary developments in bibliometrics and scientometrics. Practical foundation – the metadata of articles posted in: 1) Scopus database, authors are the scientists of the Dnipropetrovsk National University of Railway Transport named after Academician V. Lazaryan, 2) ScienceDirect database, dedicated to the development of railway transport. Findings. In the course of the study authors have disclosed principal bibliometric concepts. A Bibexel program method for analyzing metadata, namely analysis of the links between co-authors and keyword was described. With its help it was determined that the most «top» topics for researchers all over the world, in the field of railway transport in 2015 year are: planning a high-speed movement, the critical speed definition, computer calculation of railway bridges. It was proved that today the work of University libraries in the world with bibliometric indicators as an indicators of the science development, becomes one of the leading direction of their activity. Originality. The authors substantiated and realized the bibliometric researchability, using Bibexel program in the conditions of limited access at the university libraries in Ukraine to international full-text databases and Science Citation one. Vision about the University library as a structure that moves up from the management by scientific collections to the management by scientific processes was broadened. Practical value. The results of this study can be used: 1) in making the optimal decision upon managing the information resources in order to improve the processes of information application and services, including scientific impact assessment of scientists publications and scientific journals of the Universities; 2) in the organization of training seminars, training courses, workshops, informetrics lectures.

34-43

Authors: M. M. Biliaiev, V. A. Kozachyna

Purpose.Horizontal settlers are one of the most important elements in the technological scheme of water purification. Their use is associated with the possibility to pass a sufficiently large volume of water. The important task at the stage of their designing is evaluating of their effectiveness. Calculation of the efficiency of the settler can be made by mathematical modeling. Empirical, analytical models and techniques that are currently used to solve the problem, do not allow to take into account the shape of the sump and various design features that significantly affects the loyalty to a decision on the choice of the size of the settling tank and its design features. The use of analytical models is limited only to one-dimensional solutions, does not allow accounting for nonuniform velocity field of the flow in the settler. The use of advanced turbulence models for the calculation of the hydrodynamics in the settler complex forms now requires very powerful computers. In addition, the calculation of one variant of the settler may last for dozens of hours. The aim of the paper is to build a numerical model to evaluate the effectiveness of horizontal settling tank modified design. Methodology. Numerical models are based on: 1) equation of potential flow; 2) equation of inviscid fluid vortex flow; 3) equation of viscous fluid dynamics; 4) mass transfer equation. For numerical simulation the finite difference schemes are used. The numerical calculation is carried out on a rectangular grid. For the formation of the computational domain markers are used. Findings.The models allow calculating the clarification process in the settler with different form and different configuration of baffles. Originality. A new approach to investigate the mass transfer process in horizontal settler was proposed. This approach is based on the developed CFD models. Three fluid dynamics models were used for the numerical investigation of flows and waste waters purification. Practical value.The developed models have more capacity than the existing models in Ukraine. The developed models allow calculating quickly the efficiency of water purification in settlers. The models are not computationally expensive. Calculation time of one variant of the problem takes few seconds.

57-70

Authors: Y. L. Bolshakov, A. V. Antonov

Purpose. The paper is aimed to determinate the main ways of increasing resource efficiency and exploitation of coal current collector surface inserts of speed electric rolling stock. Methodology. The research is based on the technique relies on the use of theory regulations of technical systems reliability, electromechanical processes, theory of statistics. Findings. The existing approaches to the production of current collector surface inserts in Europe and Ukraine were considered, a number of information sources was analyzed. The most effective ways of increasing current carrying capacity and wear resistance of current collector elements were determined. It has been established that the existing system for determining the quality of manufacturing of current collector elements have a number of drawbacks that make it difficult to control the input and makes diagnosing current collecting elements in operation impossible. On the basis of the facts, for the needs of the locomotive depot, we propose a new booth allowing avoiding the existing difficulties with diagnosing of current collector elements. During the study were established pervasive transgressions of technological standards of service pantographs. Originality. Based on the results of operational research carried out on the basis of the locomotive depot, obtained depending, based on which, it is proposed to introduce an operative diagnosing system of the current collector elements state during operation. In the course of a comparative analysis of existing and perspective development directions of current collector elements with high load current carrying capacity and durability, were definited constructive conditions for the optimal ratio is inserts. It was established that a significant proportion of failures occur due to imperfect maintenance system for which, on the basis of operational data, recommendations were developed. Practical value. Obtained results of the information sources analysis determine the need to implement coal inserts copper component in material, which will increase the load current carrying capacity of the current collectors. The numerous shortcomings of existing diagnostic systems carbon of current collector inserts skids pantographs were established, the solution of them should be the basis for the development of new means and diagnostic systems of current collector elements. It can improve service life of inserts and arrange culling of substandard of current collector inserts. The imperfect system maintenance of pantographs was established. The requirements increasing to this system will significantly reduce the amount of breakages caused by an increased transitive resistance in the «insert – pantograph».

87-98

Authors: I. O. Bondarenko

Purpose. The scientific paper is supposed the determination of basic physical and structural conditions in modeling life cycle of the elements of the railway line for the study of deformation processes as the basis of normative base of the track at the condition of railway safety. Methodology. To achieve the aim principles of the elasticity theory and wave propagation process in the description of the interaction between the track and rolling stock were used. Findings. The basic physical and structural conditions under which it is necessary to carry out the simulation of the life cycle of the elements of the railway line for the study of deformation processes were determined. The basic physical and structural principles of drawing the design schemes of railway track elements for the process assessment of the track deformation work were formulated. The decision correctness and the possibility of the problem solution are proved. Originality. The study of the track reliability questions motivates the development of new models, allow considering it for some developments. There is a need to identify the main physical and structural conditions for assembly design schemes based on assessment and prediction of possible track state changes during its operation. The paper presents the basic principles of physical and structural drafting design schemes of railway line items for which Huygens’ principle is implemented. This principle can be performed only when the four dimensional space: the volume changing over time is considered. Practical value. Analytical models applied in determining the parameters of strength and resistance lines, fully satisfy the task, but can not be used to determine the parameters of track reliability. One of the main impossibility factors of these models is quasidynamic approach. Therefore, as a rule, receive and examine not only dynamic process of a railway track, but also its consequences. Besides, these models are related to flat ones, and it also adds some complexity in results comparing with an experiment, as well as the process is not easy to distinguish the impact of volume in its limited parts. The use of numerical methods extend the posibilities, and it also make it impossible for the consideration of the dynamic process, as well as it is impossible to introduce processes, causing the reaction to stress load. Thus the basic physical and constructive approaches in modeling make it possible to consider the dynamic process of localized both in time and in space directly.

110-120

Authors: N. P. Nastechik, R. V. Marcul, V. V. Savytskyi

Purpose. The railway transport is one of the most important links in economy of Ukraine, and it is a basis of its transport system. As the majority of freight transportation of coal and metallurgical industry is conducted by railway transport, its effective use is a necessary condition of stabilization and development in economy of Ukraine. One of the strategic works connected with implementation of high-speed train service in Ukraine is the reliable work ensuring of connection of intermediate rail fastening during operation. For engineering works, according to the contents and repair of fastenings the considerable share of labor expenses during operation of a way is necessary. One of domestic intermediate fastenings which after long operational supervision has implemented into continuous operation is the fastening, type КПП-5. This fastening is a prototype of the Polish rail fastening type SB-3. After the long operation in fastenings, type KПП-5, a number of the shortcomings connected with premature refusal of its elements was revealed. This in generally is connected with intensive reduction of size of pressing force of a rail to the subrail basis. Therefore the purpose is the development of a technique and practical control devices concerning a condition of work of a rail fastening knot, type KПП-5 at operation. Methodology. The assessment of various factors impact at a size of pressing force of a rail to the subrail basis in the knot of a rail fastening, type KПП-5 at operation is the foundation of the research method. Findings. By means of the developed technique and practical control devices it was established: the general reduction of pressing force of a rail to the subrail basis during one mill. tons gross., taking into account influence of various factors, may constitute kN. Originality. Accordingly to the obtained results the author firstly described and expressed by empirical dependence the process of change of pressing force of a rail to a subrail basis in a fastening, type KПП-5 after the admission of T, one mill. tons gross. Practical value. The device design is developed for control of elastic properties and a numerical assessment of pressing force decrease of the terminal to a rail depending on the passed tonnage.

132-141

Authors: Y. P. Gul, A. V. Ivchenko, P. V. Kondratenko, G. I. Perchun

Purpose. The purpose of the work is provided by the system experimental study of the effect of strengthening the level of the ratio of complex mechanical properties of the finished bolts and peeled samples and analysis of the data on the basis of geometric and structural reinforcement. Methodology. A uniaxial tensile test was carried out on full-size bolts and the peeled samples to diameters of 10 mm and 8 mm at a testing machine FP - 100/1 recording full diagram of deformation and fracture. Findings. The level of strength of qualitatively and quantitatively has different effects on the characteristics of the ratio of resistance to plastic deformation and ductility characteristics ductile fracture resistance, determined on the finished bolts and peeled samples. At the same time, the analysis suggests that the combination of mechanical properties determined on finished bolts, the most adequate to their mechanical behavior during operation. This conclusion is particularly important for acceptance testing of bolts of strength class 8.8 or higher. Originality. For the first time experimentally shown that the system is functional cuts on specific metal products can have both hardening and softening effect on the characteristics of resistance to plastic deformation in terms of normal stress depending on the level of hardening and given an interpretation of the observed phenomena on the basis of changes in the ratio of the concentration of eg-tions and the degree of rigidity of the stress state in the cuts. Practical value. Limitation of mechanical tests are only willing bolts, other than greater consistency determines the properties of their structural strength bolts in the operation, reduce the overall time-consuming tests.

153-162

Authors: L. M. Bondarenko, S. A. Yakovlev, I. E. Kramar, A. I. Shaptala

Purpose. There are some unresolved issues in vibration damping – the lack of engineering calculations for the vibration dampers by rolling friction; the absence of evidence of their application appropriateness. Considering this fact, the authors suggest to prove that the dampers based on rolling friction, are similar in rate of oscillation damping by hydraulic shock absorbers. At the same time, they are easier for the hydraulic design, and easily amenable to manual adjustment, both in automatic and manual mode. Methodology. Fixed techniques of practice in order to determine amplitudes of the oscillations of a shock absorber led to a predetermined result and will apply this theory in the calculation of other vibration dampers. Findings. Analysis of the formulas and graphs leads to the following conclusions and recommendations: 1) the nature of the oscillation damping at vibration dampers by rolling friction is close to their decay in the viscous resistance; 2) when conducting the necessary experiments the shock absorber rolling can be recommended as alternatives to hydraulic ones. The research results of this task will help implement the new trend in reduction of dynamic loads in vehicles. Originality. With the help of theoretical curves to determine the coefficients of rolling friction the dependences for determining the amplitudes of the oscillations in the vertical movement of cargo were obtained. At the same time, the previously proposed analytical dependence for determining the coefficient of rolling friction contains only conventional mechanical constants of the contacting bodies and there geometrical dimensions. Practical value. Due to the existing well-known disadvantages of hydraulic shock absorbers it would be logical to apply shock absorbers that are technologically convenient in manufacturing and easy to adjust the damping rate. The proposed theory can be used in the design of shock absorbers rolling as an alternative to the hydraulic shock absorbers of machines.

175-189

Authors: A. O. Shvets, K. I. Zhelieznov, A. S. Akulov, O. M. Zabolotnyi, E. V. Chabaniuk

Purpose. Despite of the implementation various programs to improve the safety of train traffic problem of reducing gatherings rolling stock off the rails is still relevant. The study aims to clarify the existing method of determining the factor of stability from the tire longitudinal forces to ensure the sustainability of cars with increasing speeds of the rolling stock. Methodology. Research was conducted by the method of mathematical modeling of loading freight car when driving at different speeds on straight and curved track sections. Findings. Analysis of the results shows that, for all selected freight cars for the calculation, the value of the safety factor by squeezing is smaller than the formulas of Standards. Corrections made to the formula for determining the safety factor by squeezing longitudinal forces, would achieve: 1) a higher safety factor of lightweight cars, excluding them squeezing longitudinal forces in the entire range of speeds of freight trains; 2) to develop and implement measures to prevent squeezing of cars in the entire range of motion; 3) to determine the degree of stability of the empty car in the head, middle and tail laden trains; 4) to offer optimal scheme of mixed trains formation. Originality. The analysis of existing methods for determining stability coefficient cars in freight trains from squeezing their longitudinal forces is presented in studies. Proposals are developed for the refinement of the design phase, construction and operation. Practical value. This study clarifies the existing method of determining the safety factor of stability from the squeezing longitudinal forces, as well as the influence on the magnitude of the coefficient of speed of movement of the rolling stock. Developed proposals for the refinement of existing methods for determining stability coefficient of longitudinal forces squeezing cars in a train, can reduce the number of retirements cars derailed by taking into account in the calculation and design of important parameters and characteristics that increase their stability in the rail track especially with increasing speeds of freight traffic.

198-204

Authors: V. D. Petrenko, I. O. Sviatko

Purpose. This article provides: the question of the sustainability of the subgrade on a weak base is considered in the paper. It is proposed to use the method of jet grouting. Investigation of the possibility of a weak base has an effect on the overall deformation of the subgrade; the identification and optimization of the parameters of subgrade based on studies using numerical simulation. Methodology. The theoretical studies of the stress-strain state of the base and subgrade embankment by modeling in the software package LIRA have been conducted to achieve this goal. Findings. After making the necessary calculations perform building fields of a subsidence, borders cramped thickness, bed’s coefficients of Pasternak and Winkler. The diagrams construction of vertical stress performs at any point of load application. Also, using the software system may perform peer review subsidence, rolls railroad tracks in natural and consolidated basis. Originality. For weak soils is the most appropriate nonlinear model of the base with the existing areas of both elastic and limit equilibrium, mixed problem of the theory of elasticity and plasticity. Practical value. By increasing the load on the weak base as a result of the second track construction, adds embankment or increasing axial load when changing the rolling stock process of sedimentation and consolidation may continue again. Therefore, one of the feasible and promising options for the design and reconstruction of embankments on weak bases is to strengthen the bases with the help of jet grouting. With the expansion of the railway infrastructure, increasing speed and weight of the rolling stock is necessary to ensure the stability of the subgrade on weak bases. LIRA software package allows you to perform all the necessary calculations for the selection of a proper way of strengthening weak bases.

213-223

Authors: A. A. Kosolapov

Purpose.Computerization and informatization in recent decades gave the mankind automated electronic document management systems, automated process of production, Internet and network information resources WWW, expanded the communications capabilities and led to the globalization of the information society. At the same time gives rise to a number of processes of informatization philosophical and anthropological problems, that has become an existential character. It is necessary to identify and understanding of these issues on the basis of the gnoseological model of the evolution informatization paradigms and determine their main characteristics. Methodology. The system-activity approach was used; it allowed identifying and analyzing the impact of the main components of information and communication technologies (ICT) for educational activities. And further to present them as a unified system of human activity in conditions computerization/informatization. The philosophical principles: a comprehensive review of the subject, the unity of the logical and historical, ascending from the abstract to the concrete was used. The general scientific principles: unity and development of the system, the decomposition hierarchy, individualization and cooperation, diversity and taxonomy were applied. Findings.The three-stage gnoseological model of the paradigms computerization/informatization evolution was proposed by the author. It is based on three information system characteristics: speed, interface and data access. The seven-bar anthrop-centric model, which is called the architecture of information systems (AIS), which describes the changes in their types of procuring, was proposed for each paradigm. The philosophical-anthropological problems that affect negatively its progress were formulated for each stage of modern information society transformation. Originality. The gnoseological model of development processes of informatization in the form of three paradigms that are described by three characteristics was proposed. The advanced anthrop-centric model of the AIS was used for each paradigm specification. Features of philosophical and anthropological problems, that have a new ICT are formulated and disclosed. Practical value. The proposed model of the evolution of information society paradigms and knowledge of related problems will allow reducing the impact of negative trends in the global information society especially in the field of education and research activities.