Asia Pacific Journal of Multidisciplinary Research

6

Authors: Renante A. Egcas (PhD) , Ma. Theresa L. Tabotabo (PhD) , Ma. Janet S. Geroso (PhD)

This study aimed to determine whether a localized curriculum would improve the reading achievement of the Grade 8 students. The research subjects were the Grade 8 students of Escalante National High School, Negros Occidental, Philippines. Pretest-posttest experimental design was utilized in this study. Two groups of subjects were compared in terms of their pretest and posttest results. The experimental group was exposed to the localized curriculum for their reading instruction while the control group received the reading instruction as prescribed by the K to 12 - Grade 8 English curriculum. The data were obtained using the researcher-made test instrument. Descriptive mean, paired and independent sample t-tests were the statistical tools used for the data analysis. The research findings revealed that the reading achievement of the Grade 8 students in English in the experimental group improved from ‘approaching proficient’ to ‘proficient’. It implied that localized curriculum helped increase the level of reading achievement of the students, thus the hypothesis of no significant difference between the pretest and posttest of the experimental group was rejected. This study suggested that since localized curriculum improved the reading achievement of the students, the school may establish a ‘school-based curriculum localization matrix aside from using the ‘regional and division curriculum localization matrix’ and ensure a continuous capability building for teachers on how to localize curriculum. A similar investigation may be conducted like the teachers' knowledge and skills and effective strategies in localized curriculum in relation the students' academic performance

7

Authors: Vergel P. Mirana

The study evaluated the effects of a developed lesson exemplars in electricity integrating computer simulations and constructivist approach on students' Epistemological Beliefs. Specifically, it sought to determine how computer simulations, constructivist approach and Formative Assessment Classroom Technique (FACT) can be integrated in the lesson exemplars in electricity; and evaluate the effects of the developed lesson exemplars in the students’ Epistemological Beliefs. The investigation employed the pre-experimental single-group pretest and posttest study using the Epistemological Beliefs Assessment in Physical Sciences (EBAPS) questionnaire. The study was conducted among seventy-two (72) Grade 10 students of a laboratory high school from a state university in the Philippines. They were taught using Physics Educational Technology (PhET) and other web-based simulations, constructivist approach, and formative assessment classroom technique. The results revealed that the over-all Epistemological Beliefs of the students did not change significantly; only along Nature of Knowing and Learning and Real-Life Applicability. Generally, utilizing computer simulations and applying constructivist approach did not alter students' epistemological beliefs in its entirety. However, it can be engaging and effective in promoting students’ understanding of Physics.

8

Authors: Renierose Mary R. Hernandez

The study determined the relationship between self-esteem and freshmen students’ adjustment to college in Higher Education Institutions in Calapan City, Oriental Mindoro, Philippines. The descriptive correlational and comparative research methods were used in the study. The questionnaires were distributed to 357 freshmen students from selected HEIs. The study determined the relationship between self-esteem and freshmen students’ adjustment to college in Higher Education Institutions in Calapan City, Oriental Mindoro, Philippines. The descriptive correlational and comparative research methods were used in the study. The questionnaires were distributed to 357 freshmen students from selected HEIs. The study found out that the respondents had high self-esteem and high level of adjustment to college; the two variables have a positive correlation. It is recommended that there should be sequential institutional and classroom activities that encourage adjustment of new students and the development of their self-esteem.

8

Authors: Mark E. Patalinghug (MSCJ)

This study aimed primarily to determine the effectiveness of crime prevention strategies implemented by the Salug Valley Philippine National Police (PNP) in terms of Police Integrated Patrol System, Barangay Peacekeeping Operation, Anti-Criminality Operation, Integrated Area Community Public Safety services, Bantay Turista and School Safety Project as evaluated by 120 inhabitants and 138 PNP officers from four Municipalities of Salug Valley Zamboanga del Sur. Stratified random sampling was utilized in determining the respondents. Index crime rate were correlated with the crime prevention strategies of the PNP in town of Salug Valley. A descriptive method of research was applied in this study utilizing self-made questionnaire. The data collected were analyzed using the main statistical tools like frequency count, percentage, mean computation, Kruskal Wallis Analysis of Variance and simple correlation. Findings of the study revealed that the crime prevention strategies in four (4) municipalities were “much effective” to include Integrated Patrol System, Barangay Peace Keeping Operations, AntiCriminality Operations, Integrated Area Community Public Safety Services, Bantay Turista and School Safety Project in connection to the responses of 158 participants. There is a significant relationship between crime prevention strategies employed and index crime rate.

9

Authors: Merlinda Tabaldo-Tucar (EdD)

This experimental study aimed to determine the sensory characteristics of sweet potato cupcakes enriched with 5, 10 and 15 grams of turmeric powder in terms of its outside characteristics such as shape, color, volume and crust and its inside characteristics such as color, grain, texture, taste and aroma. The level of acceptability as to appearance, taste, texture, aroma and general acceptability was also evaluated. The sensory characteristics were evaluated by selected panel of evaluators using a sensory evaluation score sheet based on the Six - Point Hedonic Scale. Findings revealed that the outside characteristics of sweet potato cupcakes enriched with 5 grams turmeric powder has a moderately rounded top, inside characteristic was yellow-orange in color. On the other hand, sweet potato cupcakes enriched with 10 grams and 15 grams turmeric powder have a perfectly rounded top, inside characteristic was yellow in color. While, outside chracteristics such as yellow-orange in color, moderately light in weight in proportion to size and has a moderately shiny surface and inside characteristics such as thin-walled cells with no larger air spaces, moderately moist, moderately tender, moderately distinct sweet potato taste and have a moderately distinct sweet potato aroma were common to 5, 10 and 15 grams turmeric powder. Moreover, sweet potato cupcakes with 0 grams turmeric powder has perfectly rounded top, light brown in color, moderately light in weight in proportion to size and has a moderately shiny surface while the inside characteristics were light brown in color, moderately uniform, thin-walled cells with no larger air spaces, moderately moist, moderately tender, moderately distinct sweet potato taste and has a very distinct sweet potato aroma. Sweet potato cupcakes with 5 grams turmeric powder was the most acceptable since it was very much liked by the group of evaluators as to its general acceptability and very comparable to all sensory characteristics. Significant differences existed in the level of acceptability of sweet potato cupcakes enriched with turmeric powder in terms of taste, aroma and general acceptability. No significant differences existed in the level of acceptability of sweet potato cupcakes enriched with turmeric powder in terms of appearance and texture as evaluated by pupils, high school students and housewives

9

Authors: Eimer M. Estilloso (EdD)

This study was conducted to find out the theoretical orientation of the faculty members of the University of Southern Mindanao (USM), Kabacan, Cotabato, Philippines on effective teaching whether leaning towards the Behaviorist or Constructivist learning theory. Further, dimensions and elements of effective teaching were identified based on their theoretical orientation. The study used the descriptive – cross-sectional survey design because it sought to find out the perspective of the faculty, differences in faculty perspective when grouped according to length of serviceand educational qualification. It used random sampling by proportionate allocation of 30% of faculty members per college or institute. They were chosen based on their length of serviceand educational qualification. The instrument that was used in this study is a questionnaire of twenty items, each with two statements about teaching. One statement leans towards Behaviorist view and the other towards the Constructivist view. Statements were randomly arranged to start with either Behaviorist or Constructivist view. The faculty members chose the statement they considered important in effective teaching. From their answers, the dimensions and elements of effective teaching were identified.USM faculty members’ view of effective teaching leans towards the Constructivist theory. The identified elements of effective teaching by USM faculty members under the dimension of Intellectual Quality, Quality Learning Environment, and Significance of Learning conform to the Constructivist view; however, they prefer a Teacher-Directed instruction.Regardless of length of service and educational qualification, the faculty members of USM are Constructivist in orientation.

10

Authors: Ronald A. Pernia

This study attempts to provide a modest contribution to the field of educational politics or politics of education, an area least explored by most educational scholars in the Philippines. This looks at how the experience of two local colleges and universities (LCUs), which catered primarily for underprivileged youths, have confronted issues beyond the immediate realm of education i.e. politics, patronage and contestation for power and influence. Distinct from the private tertiary higher education institutions and State Universities and Colleges of the country, these LCUs have been growing substantially nationwide for the past decade. Yet, what appears to be an uncharted territory for most local governments, the venture into the higher education has been regarded as a form of poverty alleviation and investment in human development especially that these caters primarily to the poor and underprivileged. This study however reveals that these schools are beset with both institutional and curricular challenges. Using key informant interviews, reviewing various pertinent documents and analysing published articles in local and national broadsheets pertaining to the said colleges, the experience of the two LCUs demonstrated how contentious public education ventures can be. As such, it engenders resistance and opposition which ultimately compel its stakeholders to navigate through the political process.

12

Authors: Glenn A. Caraig (MAITE)

Seminars, conferences, workshops and training are intended to deliver tons of information on a variety of topics and keep up-to-date with the latest trends and issues in the industry, society, and education. In relation to this, it will be more convenient for the students and professionals to have an online service that can locate and view future seminars, conferences, training and workshops. In view hereof, the researcher propose a website that gather organizations and training centers that conduct seminars, conferences, workshops and training within the Philippines. It has an end view of developing a website which can be used to promote and advertise events

14

Authors: Regine O. Santos, Estilito Jacob & Romeo M. Sumayo Jr.

This study unraveled the degree of eroticism and queer attraction in 41 selected Bicol Lyric Poetry. The researchers used the Grounded Theory Method (GTM) and integrated the Queer Theory and Psychoanalytic approach in the textual analysis of selected Bicol lyric poetry in an attempt to explain the degree of eroticism and queer attraction of Bicolanos. The Analyses of the researchers were validated through the participants of the study which included 10 binary genders, 10 male homosexuals, 10 lesbians and 10 experts in the field of Bicol literature. The researchers identified four degrees of eroticism and named it: Tikwil, Girok, Kagat and Siram (Bicol terms which mean poke, tickle, bite, and euphoria). Significant findings of the study revealed that homosexuals, bisexuals and lesbians exist in Bicol lyric poetry, and Bicolanos, as seen on their lyric poetry, fell under the degree of Kagat, where people engage into sexual activities for physical gratification. In addition, queer Bicolanos, as seen on their lyric poetry, driven by strong physical attraction, give in into sexual encounters even with different sexual partners. This study recommended that future studies should explore a wider range of Bicol literature other than lyric poetry and investigate on the presence of queer characters, the roles they project, and dig deeper on the acceptance or condemnation of these queer identities in the society as a whole.

12-20

Authors: Arneil G. Gabriel; Manuela P. Gutierrez

The article discovers the congruence of governance principles and actual administrative practices in local legislative chamber in Nueva Ecija, Philippines. By using case study, it measured the influence of governance principles to legislative performance and organizational effectiveness. The good governance principles of citizens’ participation, accountability and transparency are correlated to legislative performance. Inspired by the organization theory of systems model, the result showed that there is a link between organizational effectiveness, legislative performance and observance of good governance principles. The study recommends that scientific inquiry be done to measure degree of convergence and divergence of theory and practice in Philippine administrative system.

26-42

Authors: Shariq Aziz Butt, Tauseef Jamal

Agile has invented to improve and overcome Draw backs of software development. Now agile model is using in software development very vastly. It is facilitating the developer and client both very resourcefully. It is getting popularity than the other Software Development Life Cycle models because of its characteristics and most owing to allow change request at any level of the project. The client in the software development is the main part and asset of the company. The software house always focuses on its client because client is an asset. Thus developer has major concern with the client’s requirement and change request. Agile is getting popularity because of allow change request at any stage of project, on the other hand it is also a drawback in agile model because when project starts the project’s completion time and cost is decided. But due to frequent change of requests come from client the cost and completion time both increase eventually which is not good for software house’s business and reputation. So there is need a cost and time estimation technique to solve change request issue in agile mode

51-57

Authors: Mervin P. Mohammed, Murphy P. Mohammed

This study evaluated the performances of the candidate engineers of the College of Engineering (COE) of the Tarlac State University (TSU) in the licensure examinations. The results of the four-year (2008-2011) licensure examinations of the graduates of the COE with specialization in the fields of civil, electrical, electronics, and mechanical engineering were covered in this study. The research methods used in the study were descriptive and analytical approaches. The Engineering graduatestook the board examination during the same year or not more than one year from the time of their graduation. Candidates who took the board examination more than once and/or beyond one year from the date of their graduation were not included in this study. The statistical methods used in this study were the descriptive and inferential statistics. The analysis of variance was used to determine the variation among the four-yearlicensure examination performances of the candidate engineers. The study revealed that there was no significant difference among the four-year licensure examination performances of both the civil and mechanical engineer candidates. In contrast, the electrical and electronics engineer candidates’ performances significantly differed within the evaluation period. The mechanical engineers candidates performed best among the four courses in the licensure examination.

64-76

Authors: Rowena P. de Guzman, Gloria Luz M. Nelson, Girlie Nora A. Abrigo, and Rowena DT. Baconguis

Using the relational approach to network analysis (SNA), this explored the importance of interlocking organizations, rather than the organization alone, that can facilitate the promotion of organic agriculture in Quezon Province. This study sought to answer these objectives: identify organizations’ underlying capacity that contribute to the achievement of their goals; characterize the social network formed by organizations; and identify the bases of their interaction. The five organic agricultural organizations were selected based on the criteria that members are practicing organic agriculture and they have been existing for at least five years. A total of 11 key informant interviews were conducted with the officers and staff of the five organic agricultural organizations in Quezon Province. Review of organizational documents was also conducted to complement the interviews. UCINET 6.528 was used to characterize the social networks and generate graphs for network visualization. The different organic agricultural organizations were established even before the promotion of organic agriculture. Though hierarchical in nature, responsibilities and decision making power were shared among members which fostered bottom-up and collaborative approach. Social networks were formed by establishing linkages either initiated by the organization or mandated under the program to enhance capacity building, to gain access to information and resources, and to seek cooperation. Being part of a social network helps enhancing organizational capacity, an imperative in achieving organizational goals, making them an important agents of program implementation. Hence, social network can facilitate more the delivery of services and disseminate information to a large extent

87-93

Authors: ZabronChege Wairimu, Shadrack Mwenda Mwilaria

–The continuous rapid growth of microfinance institutions in Kenya seems not to offer enough solution to the micro and small enterprises survival challenges with more than a one-third of MSEs start-ups collapsing within the first three years. It is the high rate of collapse and low rate of survival of MSEs that motivated this research to fill the existing gap on the missing linkage between MFIs and MSEs survival. This study looked at the role of the social intermediation services offered by MFIs on survival of MSEs in Thika Town which is both an industrial town and a business hub. A descriptive study design was adopted. Stratified and purposive sampling methods were used to select a sample 272 MSEs. Findings indicated that; regular microfinance participation help reduce loan application and payment bureaucracy while keeping entrepreneur updated on available opportunities. Training equips MSEs owners with necessary managerial skills on financial management, book keeping, and business operations. Group liability eliminates the need for collateral security when accessing loan while it increases the amount of loan accessed. Networking increases business link widening goods and services markets and allows for formation of business clubs. Finally, it was found that training was the most sought service followed by group liability, microfinance participation, and networking. From the study findings, the researcher recommends that MSEs continue seeking for social intermediation services and especially networking to improve their competitiveness and create a competitive advantage over their competitors boosting their survival.

104-113

Authors: Norrie E. Gayeta; Dennis G. Caballes

This study aimed to measure conceptual change on stoichiometry using mental models and ill-structured problems in flipped classroom environment. This study examined the level of conceptual understanding of students on stoichiometry before and after exposure to flipped and traditional lecture method. It also covered the type of conceptual change, and students’ description in flipped classroom environment. Qualitative and quantitative research methods were used in the study. Respondents were two sections of third year Bachelor of Secondary Education, Biological Science. Frequency, percentage, ranking, mean, standard deviation, Hake factor test, and t-test were the statistical tools applied to answer specific questions. Results showed profound increase towards conceptual change representing a shift from intuitive understanding to correct incomplete understanding level. Thus, change for the better, in theoretical type was determined from pretest to posttest of students exposed to flipped and traditional instruction. Results also indicated that there is no significant difference on students’ conceptual change on stoichiometry exposed to flipped and traditional lecture method. Furthermore, students strongly agreed that flipped classroom instruction helped them develop positive attitude towards chemistry and appropriate for learning college chemistry.

125-130

Authors: Naominida C.Olermo, Larry A. Santos; James Paul R. Labindao

Soils in rolling to hilly are strongly acidic and deficient in N, P and K – characteristics that are major constraints to high fruit yield like passion fruit. The importance of the macronutrient to passion fruit production showed that best yield was obtained with fertilization of 250-50-80 kg N-P2O5- K2Oha-1 . The degree of importance of N, P and K followed the order N > P > K. Yield reductions due to the absence of these nutrients from the complete treatment were 60%, 39% and 7%, respectively. Furthermore, best value per fruit was observed with fertilization 250-50-80 kg N-P2O5-K2O ha-1 .Mean value per fruit reductions due to non-application of N or P or K from the complete treatment were 29.74%, 17.75% and 11.19%, respectively. Higher juice characteristic (pH) was observed from treatments with K compared from treatments without K. Performance of passion fruit from combined inorganic and organic fertilizers showed that highest yield and average value per fruit were produced by fertilization with 75% IF + 25% OF. Yield per hectare and average value per fruit reductions due to decreasing of percentage inorganic fertilizer (IF) but increasing of percentage organic fertilizer (OF) like 50% IF + 50% OF, 25% IF + 75% OF, and 100% OF were 26%, 37%, and 56% the former and 6%, 13%, and 41% the later, respectively.

139-146

Authors: Laura Joan B. Matheu; Claire St. Collette I. Apit; Veronica Teresa A. Madelo; Gernhie May C. Giganto; Jenny Rose C. Tuazon; Amelia M. Bonotan

This is a qualitative case study of a Christian Living Awardee and her family about the dynamics of living and transmitting the Catholic faith within their family and beyond. The researchers conducted this study during the academic year 2016-2017 in St. Joseph’s School of Mactan, Lapu-Lapu City, Cebu, Philippines. They asked permission from the proper authorities for the conduct of the study. They also asked for the informed consent of the parents of the chosen family. Once they were granted, they conducted a focus group discussion with the chosen family. Some of the themes extracted are: Faith considered as the “best gift” of parents to their children; Faith as “North Star”; Parents come from families with deep faith; Spiritual activities done as a family: Going to Holy Mass together, Holy Rosary; Practicing Faith, Nurturing the Faith; Good Example of Parents; Sharing the faith with peers by example; Being friendly. The researchers recommend the offering of continuing education in the faith for parents, educators, catechists and other formators in coordination with the parish priests, sharing of books and references like the Catechism of the Catholic Church, Compendium, teaching of Catechism especially in the public schools.

156-162

Authors: Zaldy Collado

In the Philippine campuses nowadays, the presence of foreign students is a common sight, making our academic communities one of the most culturally diverse universities in the world. This requires us to provide necessary local environment appropriate and ready to attend to multicultural sensitivities. Thus the research aimed to look at how well-prepared Philippine universities are in terms of having multi-cultural friendly campuses. Through in-depth interviews and phenomenological method, the researcher explored the lived experiences of Black African students in their respective campuses. The results showed that (a) the participants’ decision to study in the Philippines was based on factors such as the hassle-less application process, cheaper yet of quality education and the image of Filipinos as being friendly and kind (b) the common, though very light, concern was not racism nor discrimination, but speaking in the local language in their presence made them feel sometimes isolated or insulted and (c) that racism and discrimination against blacks were not an institutional reality, though unfriendly encounters with Filipinos were also recorded, those were not seen as serious cases of racist behavior. The study suggested that since blacks’ experiences are generally devoid of racism and discrimination, school administrations do not tend to formulate explicit policies and enough activities to ensure racistfree campuses and inter-cultural inclusiveness among Filipinos and the blacks. In any case, the black students were determined to obtain their degrees here no matter what and such a goal was made easier because of the kind of tertiary academic communities their respective schools offer

171-185

Authors: Romualdo L. Roque; Sevilla S. Felicen

- Wellness is having a healthy body, mind and spirit. Health and wellness go hand in hand. Most people link wellness to physical health condition only but the researcher found out the other dimension of wellness that matters to the tourists. This study assessed the other dimensions of wellness such as social, spiritual, intellectual, emotional and occupational wellness and reveals the most significant wellness dimension among the tourists visiting Wellness Spa in Batangas Province. The researcher aimed to present the profile of the wellness spa center along with the facilities and services they offer and how it helped wellness travelers achieve their purpose when visiting wellness spa. Descriptive design was used with 5 Wellness Spa Centers in Batangas as subject of the study with the used of adopted questionnaire; 216 enthusiastic wellness tourists were asked to sincerely answer the questions in order to collect relevant data. This study unveils that social wellness is important among tourists. They visit wellness spa to build social network, to openly communicate to others and openly express their thoughts and feelings. This wellness tourists aging from 26 – 35 years old earning an average of Php20, 000 prefer spa services and facilities to relax, use gym to shape up in order to maintain a healthy physical wellbeing. Knowing their purpose in life and discovering the true meaning of their existence is the aim of this wellness travel. People that acquire a higher educational degree, most of them are married put emphasis about what is important in life and discover the real purpose of their existence.

199-203

Authors: Brenda C. Panelo; Ma. Theresa M. Diza

This study was conducted at the Integrated Sustainable Agri-Techno Demo Farm (ISATDF) of the Pangasinan State University, Sta. Maria Campus, Sta. Maria, Pangasinan from October 15, 2013 to August 18, 2014 with a duration of 308 days. This study aimed to determine the growth and yield performance of banana (Musa acuminata L.) as affected by different farm manures. Specifically, it attempted to: (1) determine the effect of different farm manures on the growth and yield performance of banana; and to (2) determine the cost and return of the different farm manures. The experiment was laid out using the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). The Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to evaluate the differences between treatments using F-test at 5 and 1 percent levels of significance and the Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) was used to evaluate the differences among treatment means. The treatments used were the following: T1 - chicken manure, T2 - cow manure, T3 - goat manure, and T4 - hog manure. The results revealed that the application of chicken manure recorded the tallest plants (5.27 cm), most number of suckers (340). The application of chicken manure and goat manure significantly increased the mid-trunk diameter (25.63cm) and (25.62 cm); finger length (14.33 cm) and (13.13 cm); finger diameter (3.60 cm each); and weight of fruits (450kgs each). Net income and return on investment (ROI) were also influenced by chicken manure and goat manure. Application of chicken manure and goat manure significantly enhanced the yield quality attributes and income of banana compared to the other sources of organic manure.

212-218

Authors: Glynda F. Pariñas; Marilyn M. Albior; Brenda C.Panelo; Rheyste M. Nicolas; Priscilla L. Agsalud

The general objective of the study is to determine the effectiveness of ampalaya leaf extract against gastrointestinal parasites of native chicken. Specifically, it aimed to:(1)to evaluate the anthelmintic property of ampalaya leaf extract in the treatment of gastro-intestinal parasites of native chicken;(2) find out the most effective variety of ampalaya leaves as purgatives for native chicken; and(3) to compare the efficacy of ampalaya leaf extract with commercial purgative in the treatment of gastro-intestinal parasites. A total of fifteen (15) experimental native chickens were used in each study which was distributed into five (5) treatments. For study 1 and 2, Commercial purgative (Piperazine dihydrocloride) and commercial purgative (mebendasole, niclosamide and levamisole) were used respectively as positive control. Based on the result of the study, ampalaya leaf extract shows comparable effect to positive control (Piperazine dihydrochloride) in treating and controlling gastro-intestinal parasites of native chicken. However, commercial purgative with triple ingredient (mebendasole, niclosamide and levamisole) shows more effective than the ampalaya extract. The researcher concludes that efficacy of ampalaya leaf extract as purgative is comparable to the effect of commercial purgative with single active ingreadient (Piperazine dihydrochloride), commercial purgative with triple active ingredients ( mebendasole, niclosamide and levamisole) excelled over the ampalaya extract because of its multi-ingredients

9-15

Authors: Jennifer L. Tuazon; Tracy N. Tacuban

The rapid growth in Information and Communication Technology paved the way to the development of various systems that will help Guidance Counselors with their information storage and retrieval needs. Since the birth of the World Wide Web, most transactions in the organization were implemented online for easy access and retrieval by various authorized users. The Iloilo Science and Technology University located at Burgos St. Lapaz Iloilo City is composed of five (5) branches. These include the Lapaz Campus, Leon Campus, Miag-ao Campus, Barotac Campus and Dumangas Campus. Each campus has a designated Guidance Counselors who facilitated the efficient management of guidance records. The Online Database Management of Guidance Records for Effective and Immediate Access of Data to Follow-up Students was an online system designed to be implemented to all ISAT U campuses. Since the system is online, all Guidance Counselors from all campuses can secure an account to access the system as well as all the students in each campus. The Data Management System encapsulates processing of the Student’s Information Profiles, Routine Interviews, Exit Interviews, and Graduate Tracking records.The system is tested using ISO 9126 software quality standards so as to determine the system’s conformance to the software quality measures which include the system’s Functionality, Efficiency, Usability, Maintainability, Reliability and Portability. Moreover, the system’s performance was tested using Google’s PageSpeed Tool.

23-30

Authors: Susan S. Janer

This descriptive action research focused on the satisfaction of the students on the advising practices of their thesis advisers. The 28 respondents of the study were purposively and incidentally chosen. The findings, derived from the use of unstructured interview and survey questionnaire, revealed that most of the students are satisfied with their thesis advisers in terms of their knowledge of student’s research, professional characteristics and qualities, and personality factors as revealed by the overall weighted mean values of 2.68, 2.72, and 2.72 respectively. The students along thesis advising observed various practices of the faculty members. Students chose their advisers based on their availability, field of specialization, and coaching and mentoring abilities. Based on the findings, this study recommends that the faculty members be given more training to further enhance their abilities in thesis advising. The college may also tap other research-reputable faculty members to become research advisers. An orientation activity among the students may also be conducted to assist them in choosing the faculty member with an appropriate research reputation and also to brief them on the roles they will play as thesis advisers. The need to revisit the policies of the School of Graduate Studies (SGS) is also highly recommended. Hence, this study proposes some amendments on the existing guidelines of the department along thesis advising.

41-48

Authors: Jazztin Jairum P. Manalo

Sustainable tourism has been considered by many local governments as part of their initiatives for economic upliftment. It is one of the major sources of income through the use of their tourist attraction without compromising the natural resources situated within. The enactment and effective implementation of the local government’s policy have achieved a promising efficient outcome for sustainable tourism.. The city of Puerto Princesa had a long history considering its transformation from an environmentally degraded city into one of the major ecotourism sites around the world. Thus, this paper presents the case of Puerto Princesa and its practices as well as economic development by practicing sustainable tourism and effective policy implementation. The City Ordinance No. 163-91 and 640 has improved the lives of the communities by practicing cleanliness and effective waste management their surrounding and tourist destinations. Economic development and benefits from sustainable tourism reflects the city of Puerto Princesa as a role model for Local Government Units. The passing of City Ordinances on Cleanliness drive have played an important role in effective waste management of the city. The key role of having a strong political will in the local government has strongly maintained its best practices for two decades up to the present.

57-64

Authors: Jennifer U. Dotado-Maderazo, Vergel John P. Ercia

– The study aimed to explore the correlation between the graduates’ performance in the mock board Written Proficiency Examination (WPE) and the Theoretical Phase of the Dentist Licensure Examination (DLE) from 2009 to 2012 in the College of Dentistry of Lyceum of the Philippines University-Batangas. Furthermore, the results of the study can be used to answer questions about the validity of written proficiency examination for making decisions and requirements for graduation of the candidates. Descriptive-correlation type of research method was utilized in the study. Findings indicated that mock board written proficiency examination and the theoretical phase of the Dentist licensure examination had a highly significant relationship in the outcome of the dentist board examinations. Such findings may indicate that mock board can be a good diagnostic tool to identify the graduates’ strength and weakness before taking the board examination.

72-84

Authors: Mae Joy F. Tan-Espinar, Ronato S. Ballado

Teaching tertiary mathematics entails the use of instructional materials which lead to independent learning. The study evaluated the content validity and level of acceptability of a developed worktext in Basic Mathematics 2. It also found the significant difference between the respondents’ evaluation. Likewise, the study found the significant difference in the pretest and posttest performance between experimental and the control group and the difference between the posttest of the experimental and control groups. The study utilized the descriptive comparative method in determining the validity and acceptability of the developed worktext and the difference between the evaluation of experts/teachers and the student respondents. Quasi-experimental design was also used to find out if the worktext is effective in teaching the course employing t-test for correlated samples and t-test for independent samples. The result showed that the content validity and acceptability is very much valid and very much acceptable. The difference in the post-test between the experimental and the control groups was significant. It is concluded that the worktext is effective to be used in teaching the course.

94-102

Authors: Godofredo E. Peteza, Jr.

This research determined the impact of the master’s degree programs offered in the Graduate School such as Master in Business Administration, Master in Public Administration, Master in Management majors in Human Resource Management and Educational Planning and Management on its graduates from 2009 to 2013. Descriptive-survey method supplemented by interview was employed to identify specifically the profile of the graduates of master’s degree programs in terms of age, sex, civil status, level of appointment before and after taking the master’s degree program, monthly income before and after taking the master’s degree program, number of promotions after graduation, and years in service and the impact of the CNSC Graduate School’s Master’s Degree Programs along professional practice, career development; and employment. Results show that majority of the respondents are in the middle age from 31 -37 years old, married, mostly females, 6-10 years in service and have one promotion after they have graduated from their respective master’s degrees. The level of appointment of the respondents has a positive movement from rank and file to supervisory and managerial levels positions. The Graduate School’s Master’s degree programs provided high impact on t

111-121

Authors: April M. Perez, Abigail I. Manzano

This study assessed the extent of food safety and sanitary practices of selected hotels in Batangas province as basis of proposed enhancement measures. The study utilized descriptive method to describe food safety and sanitary practices of selected hotels in Batangas province with a total of 8 hotels (256 respondents). Purposive sampling was used in the study. The questionnaires were designed using the provision of the Sanitation Code of the Philippines, validated and finalized to come up with legitimate results. The study showed that there were eight (8) hotel respondents classified as two, three, four star with considerable years of experience and adequate number of employees. The hotels demonstrated the food safety and sanitary practices always in the areas of restaurant, bar service, catering and banquet and room service. The significant pair-wise comparison for restaurant, bar service, catering and banquet and room service shows that 2 star hotels greatly differs. The researcher recommends that the management should maintain high standard of food safety and sanitary practices among its staff, upgrade the food safety and sanitary practices for food safety accreditation, continuous training of the hotel managers/employees on food safety and sanitary practices.

133-138

Authors: Alejandro L. Giray, Jr., Ma. Lourdes C. Caguerhab, Efleda J. Siruelo

The study aimed to trace the profile of the senior elementary pre-service teachers in terms of sex, course, grade in basic computer subject, presence of computers at home, experience in using computer, and their perceived computer skills in terms of MS Word, MS Excel, MS Publisher, MS PowerPoint, Electronic Mail (E-mail), and internet surfing. The study also determined the attitudes of the senior elementary pre-service teachers towards computer-based instruction (CBI) and found out the significant relationship between the variables. Using descriptive-correlational research, 123 senior elementary pre-service teachers were involved as respondents. Majority of the respondents are female, have no computers at home and have used computers in reporting/teaching while most have an average grade in Basic Computer. Generally, most are skilled in using computer programs. Majority have favorable attitudes towards CBI. There is no significant relationship between the profile and the perceived computer skills and attitudes towards CBI. There is no significant relationship between the perceived computer skills and attitudes towards CBI. The study concludes that despite the average computer skills, the respondents are open to the advantages of CBI.

147-159

Authors: Maria Luisa A. Valdez

Gender inequality and the resulting discrimination of women are deeply rooted in history, culture and tradition. It is said to be detrimental to the mental health of women and persists as a debilitating stigma which lowers their dignity and sense of self-worth. Thus, this qualitative research was conducted to underscore the issue of gender equality and women empowerment as core topics in selected speeches of Senator Miriam Defensor Santiago. Findings of the analysis showed that the issue of gender gap in the Philippines was manifested and discussed forthrightly by the senator in her speeches in terms of educational attainment, health and survival, economic participation and opportunity, and political empowerment, all being effectively touched by the senator with the signature wit, eloquence, astuteness and passion she was widely known for; that gender equality and women empowerment were likewise gleaned in the selected speeches, all of which were delivered by Miriam Defensor Santiago with the motive of persuading her audience to espouse the same advocacy, and this she achieved through her unique and distinct style of utilizing the persuasive ability of literature; and, that the implications of the author's advocacy on gender equality and gender empowerment delegated the monumental task upon the shoulders of the Filipino youth, in ways that their thinking will be directly influenced by her advocacy and thus promote within them a sense of urgency to embrace and espouse the same advocacies in order for them to be able to contribute to nation building.

175-184

Authors: Gilbert C. Magulod Jr.

The purpose of this study is to determine the congruity between the creativity styles and emotional intelligence of Filipino student teachers. Descriptive correlational research design was employed. The participants of the study were the 76 fourth year students of Bachelor in Elementary Education (BEED) and Bachelor in Secondary Education (BSED) in one state university in the Philippines. Data of the study were obtained using two standardized instruments relating to creativity styles and emotional intelligence. Findings of the study revealed that the student teachers espoused themselves to have high creative capacity while they assessed themselves to have high creativity styles along belief in unconscious processes, use of techniques, use of other people and final product orientation. With regards to their emotional intelligence, they assessed themselves to have high attributes on self-awareness, management of emotions, self-motivation, empathy and social skills. Significantly, this study also revealed that gender, birth order, course and scholastic standing in high school spelled differences on the creativity styles of Filipino student teachers. Moreover, test of difference also showed that scholastic standing in high school and family income defined differences along emotional intelligence. Finally, it was also revealed in the study that there is a significant relationship between creativity styles and emotional intelligence of Filipino student teachers. Implications of the congruity between emotional intelligence and creativity styles would help Teacher Education Institutions (TEIs) to implement curriculum enhancement which is vital to the preparation of twenty-first century teachers

193-202

Authors: Virginia Pinca-Atutub

This study looked into the social science instructors’ questioning strategies. Specifically, determines the types of questions in the level of cognition asked by the instructors as perceived by the students and themselves, determines the effectiveness of the questioning strategy as perceived by students and instructors themselves, and tests the perceptions of the respondents on its effectiveness and develop a lesson exemplar. Descriptive method and cluster sampling were used. The findings were students perceived the instructor's’ type of questions in terms of level of cognition as lower order thinking skills and always asked by their instructors; and instructors’ perceived those as higher order thinking skills and always practiced by themselves. Its effectiveness in the classroom discussion was less effective to students and very effective to teachers while in periodical test, under lower order thinking skills was more effective and higher order thinking skills appeared less effective to students. The difference of perceptions on the level of cognition in the computed t-value of 7.825 is higher than the tabular value of 2.101 which means the rejection of the null hypothesis at 0.05 levels at the p-value of 0.034 is significantly different. The study concluded that the type of questions of the social science instructors are classified as lower order thinking by the students and higher order thinking for the instructors, there is a significant difference between the perceptions of both students and instructors and there is a need to develop a modified exemplar in social science subjects.

9-17

Authors: Jaine Z. Tarun

This study was focused on the language planning and the programs in Filipino of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in Region 02, Philippines. It aimed to evaluate the extent of contributions in the implementation of national and institutional academic language policies and programs on Filipino in the General Education Curriculum (GEC), Bilingual / Multilingual Education, translation of books and articles, instructional materials development using Filipino and other languages in the region, having published books, scholarly articles and theses in other disciplines and journals written in Filipino and the attitudes of administrators, faculty and students. This evaluative study applied both the quantitative analysis of data using the survey method and qualitative analysis using the multi-method approach or triangulation. A total of 216 respondents from other disciplines, except Filipino, randomly selected among the administrators, faculty and students were utilized. The results confirmed that the minimum required GEC courses in Filipino as stipulated in CHED Memorandum Order No. 59 s. 1996 were implemented in their curricular programs while as a medium of instruction in Humanities, Social Sciences and Communications (HUSOCOM) courses, Filipino was not used. Result substantiated that Filipino aided instruction in classroom discourses both in HUSOCOM and Non – HUSOCOM courses was commonly practiced. Result also vouched the non-existence of institutional policies and programs in Filipino. However, there were no significant differences in the positive attitudes among administrators, faculty and students of Higher Education Institutions.

22-27

Authors: Kurt S. Candilas, Marilou L. Magadan

This study examined the interrelationship of the freshman students’ knowledge, participation, and witnessing of the Eucharist as presence, sacrifice and communion. There were two hundred sixty-five freshman students involved in this investigation. Data were gathered using questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings reveal that the students’ level of knowledge of and participation in the Holy Eucharist were average and high, respectively. Also, their lived experience of Eucharist as presence, sacrifice, and communion was to a high extent. Results of the study also show that students’ extent of knowledge of and participation in the Eucharist were significantly contributed to the extent to which they lived the Eucharist as presence, sacrifice and communion. Results further point the need of the campus ministry and religious studies instructor to emphasize strongly the teachings of the Church especially the Sacrament of the Holy Eucharist through catechism.

36-45

Authors: Rita Eka Izzaty, Nur Cholimah, Budi Astuti

This study was conducted for two reasons. First, pre-school age is the foundation for the subsequent development. Second, the previous research findings show that there are behavioral problems which affect the development of subsequent development. This study aims to increase children’s social ability by employing An Integrative Model of Adventure-Based Counseling and Adlerian Play Therapy, a counseling model emphasizing the importance of play providing opportunity for children to express their feelings in natural situation and insight toward personality and environment by modifying teaching cultural values by parents to children. This study employed an action study. The prior data collection techniques were conducting literary study, surveying on cultural values taught, and selecting a counseling model. The subjects were four preschool children (4-6 years old) with behavioral problems. The study was conducted in 2 cycles with several steps: planning, action, evaluation, and reflection. The finding of this research shows that an Integrative Model of Adventure-Based Counseling and Adlerian Play Therapy can increase children social ability and decrease non adaptive behavior. The reflection of employing counseling model modified with cultural values taught by parents to children is when using this model, counselors truly examine the duration of the implementation, the children’s condition, the counselors’ condition, the type of play, and the purpose of each steps which must be detailed.

57-63

Authors: Mary Angelie P. Andrino, Iris Hope H. Balasoto, Mhelsie Kathrine Zhandee G. Bono, Kathereen R. Canindo, John Laurence G. Casa, Ryan Michael F. Oducado

Maternal deaths in the Philippines remain high. These deaths are mostly due to the large proportion of home births, complications of pregnancy and delivery, and lack of access to facilities and competently trained staff. Utilizing a descriptive, one-shot survey design, the study aimed to determine the reasons why women in a municipality in Iloilo prefer home birth. The respondents were interviewed using a validated questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze and interpret the findings. The study revealed that the proportion of home births progressively declined from 2012 to 2014. Birth being imminent or inevitable is the number one reason that supports home birth. Autonomy, safety, affordability, readily available birthing equipment and supplies, accessibility of birth attendant, remote access by going to the birthing center, lack of transportation, and bad weather conditions also led women to give birth at home. Women from the rural areas of the municipality utilized available resources in the community which prompted the predominance of home deliveries assisted by traditional birth attendants (TBAs) and even midwives, who were readily available nearby. This study recommends continuous improvement in existing maternal health interventions and strategies through engagement of women in policy planning, improvement of health service delivery, infrastructural enhancement, better care practices and continuous health education.

70-77

Authors: Christian Anthony C. Agutaya

The study determined the members’ socio-economic development of the two multipurpose cooperatives in Calapan City namely Calapan Labor Service Development Cooperative (CALSEDECO) and Calapan Vendors Multi-Purpose Cooperative (CVMPC). The descriptive research design analysis was used by the researcher. The open-ended questionnaires were administered to purposively selected 30 members in each group of fiscal year 2016. Method of data analysis was thru qualitative analysis. The study found that the operations of CALSEDECO and CVMPC) were very satisfactory in terms of commitment, financial aspect, and business development program. The services rendered by CALSEDECO and CVMPC were extensive in terms of providential services, benefits from business operations, availability of credit facility and overall member satisfaction. The CALSEDECO and CVMPC contributed to the socio-economic development of their members in terms of social and economic development. The study lead to the favorable assessment of the direct socio-economic needs of the communities in terms of multi-purpose cooperative operation, services rendered and members’ socioeconomic development and consider a timely and appropriate technology to advancing cooperative industry usefulness, economic sustainability, capacity building program for the entire city to construe with the various national programs of the government. The study recommended the policy innovation and creativity by delivering a viable program proposal to the LGU to create an impact for the betterment of these underdeveloped communities in the Philippines.

87-95

Authors: Maria Cristina Campana-Azuelo

The public enterprises of the Municipality of Daet such as market, slaughterhouse and terminal were evaluated with the end view of formulating recommendations to sustain and improve its operations. It focused on determining the status of operation of public enterprises along the areas of human resource management, physical resource management and financial resource management. It utilized the qualitative-descriptive-evaluative method of research, employing focus group discussion, key informant interviews and documentary analysis. The study disclosed along human resource management that there is a need for continuing manpower capability building trainings and conduct of monitoring activies in managing the operation of public enterprises. It further revealed that personnel movement only occurs on account of retirement, resignation, transfer and creation of new items. As to physical resource management, the municipality only conduct inspection for physical facilities, buildings and equipment when there is a report from the concerned offices of the public enterprises and most of the time not evidenced by inspection reports. However, on financial resource management, the targeted incomes of public enterprises were not totally realized. Most of the disbursements of the public enterprises had exceeded the appropriation or the budgeted amount or the expenditures for the year. Disbursements of the public enterprises of the municipality were totally supported by current income collections since the operational expenses were not more than the actual collections realized. The difference was being backed up through loan advance/subsidy from the general fund taken from other income source.

103-112

Authors: Sumith Gopura, Alice Payne, Laurie Buys

The apparel industry is a major export industry in Sri Lanka that depends upon labour intensive manufacturing. The Sri Lankan apparel industry is transitioning from Cut, Make, Trims (CMT) assembly and Original Equipment Manufacturing (OEM) to Original Design Manufacturing (ODM) and Original Brand Manufacturing (OBM), experiencing the economic benefits of apparel product export. The transition relies on having expert professionals who can provide creative, commercial, technical, and leadership skills in the process. In order to identify the creative roles and responsibilities that can contribute to the industrial upgrading process in Sri Lanka, this paper first provides an analysis of the global apparel value chain and the journeys of the countries with newly industrialized economies (NIEs) in the region. Second, a comparison of Hong Kong and Sri Lankan apparel industries contextualises the development of fashion design within each nation’s industry as a competitive advantage. In each country we examine three factors that demonstrate growth in fashion design: development of fashion design education; development of exportable own brands; and the establishment of local showcases to a global audience. The examples of both Hong Kong and Sri Lanka demonstrate the ways in which creative roles may act as a bridge between production and marketing networks, buyers and producers in maintaining and building industry value-adding for highly sophisticated and competitive fashion production systems. Although the Sri Lankan apparel industry has not progressed as far as Hong Kong in this arena, evidence suggests the industry is actively growing design capabilities.

121-129

Authors: Alex Ledonio, Tracy N. Tacuban, May Florence J. Franco

In Iloilo City, Philippines, BPO Industry is booming and an upcoming Megaworld Business District situates a multitude of BPO companies. In this study the software developers of various BPO companies in Iloilo City were evaluated according to their competency on Business Analysis Skill and Techniques. A common misconception is that IT programmers should be detached to business analysis process and will just have to wait for the requirement solution to implement through software development. This study will gauge how much skills and knowledge they possess on the Business Analysis side. The result of the study reveals that software developers evaluated has an average rating on Business Analysis Tasks and Techniques. Respondents are lacking skills generally on business planning, business requirements analysis, and elicitation processes. These results can be used as a baseline data to recommend a necessary adjustment in school curricula.

9-16

Authors: Judith S. Rabacal, (Ph.D)

This is a descriptive study aimed to determine the academic achievement on science process skills of the BS Biology Students of Northern Negros State College of Science and Technology, Philippines with the end view of developing learning exercises which will enhance their academic achievement on basic and integrated science process skills. The data in this study were obtained using a validated questionnaire. Mean was the statistical tool used to determine the academic achievement on the above mentioned science process skills; t-test for independent means was used to determine significant difference on the academic achievement of science process skills of BS Biology students while Pearson Product Moment of Correlation Coefficient was used to determine the significant relationship between basic and integrated science process skills of the BS Biology students. A 0.05 level of significance was used to determine whether the hypothesis set in the study will be rejected or accepted. Findings revealed that the academic achievement on basic and integrated science process skills of the BS Biology students was average. Findings revealed that there are no significant differences on the academic performance of the BS Biology students when grouped according to year level and gender. Findings also revealed that there is a significant difference on the academic achievement between basic and integrated science process skills of the BS Biology students. Findings revealed that there is a significant relationship between academic achievement on the basic and integrated science process skills of the BS Biology students.

23-28

Authors: Sevillia S. Felicen , Alex P. Ylagan

In travel industry, the main tool used is the computerized booking systems and now known as Global Distribution Systems or GDS. This paper aimed to determine the effect of using Computer Reservation System among Travel Agencies in terms of technical, human and financial aspect. This will help the Internship office to include the identified travel agencies in their linkages where the students will be deployed for internship. The result of this study will also be helpful and can be utilized in the course travel and tour operations with computer reservation system. The descriptive method of research was used with managers and users/staff of 20 travel agencies as participants of the study. Questionnaire was used as main data gathering instrument utilizing percentage, frequency and weighted mean as statistical tool. Abacus System is the computer reservation system used by all travel agencies in Batangas. All travel agencies offered services such as domestic and international hotel reservation, domestic and international ticketing and package tour. The CRS can connect guest to all forms of travel; it has installed built in system security features that can improve agency’s efficiency and productivity.

34-43

Authors: Samson M. Lausa (MSCS, Ph. D)

in integrating Information Technology (IT) in the course of educational services delivery with the objective of improving operational efficiency and competitive advantage. The important role IT plays in educational institutions is unquestionable. It is regarded as a critical factor of innovation for growth and survival. The evaluation of the impact of this innovation in the educational system drives the researcher to undertake a study on Operational Efficiency of Information Technology and Organizational Performance of State Universities and Colleges (SUCs) of Region VI, Philippines. Descriptive method was used utilizing a validated survey questionnaire which also involved the desk and field research conducted by a panel of two field researchers including the researcher himself covering selected SUCs of Region VI. Deans or department heads and faculty of the different colleges or departments, administrative and academic officials constitute the respondents of the study. Stratified proportional random sampling and purposive sampling were used in the study. Results of the study were viewed and analyzed using the Mean and the Pearson r Correlation Coefficient. Findings revealed that the operational efficiency of the SUCs of Region VI is moderately efficient while the majority of colleges/universities are performing moderately efficient. The study also revealed that the organizational performance of SUCs and the majority of colleges/universities are performing very satisfactory. Likewise, the findings also showed a significant relationship between the operational efficiency of information technology and organizational performance of SUCs. However, a significant relationship between operational efficiency and organizational performance of SUCs in instruction does not exist while a significant relationship exists in research, extension and production.

54-60

Authors: Dedi Hadian

The study is conducted to determine and to analyse the performance of public service in the town and district offices is in the Province of West Java. The object of this study is Heads of the town and district offices is in the Province of West Java. They are 130 people totally. The result of the research shows that the public services at the town and district offices in the Province of West Java are either at good category. The best dimensions in the public service are clarity and assurance, therefore the need for increased clarity and assurance in providing public services to the community so that the government's performance could be run effectively and optimally. Out of all dimensions, the dimension of clarity and assurance is the best one in constructing the role of public service.

69-74

Authors: Margie A. Nolasco , Jonathan Dela Cruz

Tourism has benefits not just for travelers, but also to the local economy. Since, Bicol Region has natural and cultural attractions; it is a potential travel destination in the country. Technology in delivering information sources played vital role for the success of the tourism industry in the Region. This allows travel enthusiasts to get more information about various tourist attractions. This paper analyzes the effectiveness of delivering information sources such as web advertisement and desktop publishing for tourist promotion in the Bicol Region. Specifically, it determined the status of tourism, and identified common forms of promotions for tourism development. The study adopted mixed method of research. This method was utilized to confirm and validate findings. Interviews and focus group discussions were used to gather data from the respondents of the selected Local Government Units, Department of Tourism, Travel Agencies and Hotel Agents in the Region. Based on the findings, of the total foreign visitors in the country, only 9.14% visited Bicol Region in 2014. That is why, domestic tourist showed high percentage against foreign visitors with 25.7%. Brochures with EZ maps as most commonly used desktop publishing materials and websites and social media for web advertisement. Thus, there is a need to reevaluate promotional activities by the DOT and other agencies. Adoption suggestive features for creative desktop publishing materials and web services should be considered to increase tourist visitors in the Region.

80-85

Authors: Junnette B. Hasco , Jao R. Obungin , Racidon P. Bernarte , Zandro T. Estella , Jayson C. Morales , Randy D. Sagun

- One of the four-fold functions of State Universities and Colleges in accordance by their mandates was to provide assistance to communities; this was achieved thru conducting different skills and development trainings in partnership with Local Government Units (LGU’s). This study was conducted to assess the current Extension program of the Polytechnic University of the Philippines (PUP). Some 74 beneficiaries from the 23 centers of Sta. Mesa, Manila were identified through the use of purposive sampling. The data gathering made use of aided surveys. Weighted Mean and Pearson Product Moment of Correlation was used to treat and process statistical data. Findings revealed that the Extension Services conducted by the PUP Salin Kaalaman Tungo sa Kaunlaran Extension Program (SALIN) were highly effective regarding Information Dissemination, Staff and Officials, Trainings and Programs, Trainers and Speakers, Programs, Accommodation and Venue and the personal impact of the Extension Program to the Beneficiaries. Satisfaction rating on the extension program was also high. Further, this study found out that as respondents are satisfied with the implementation of SALIN, the greater the chance of positive assessment on the effectiveness of the project. The study also disclosed problems and recommendations identified by the respondents. In addressing the research gaps, this study further identified recommendations to enhance capabilities of program implementers such as better execution in the delivery of extension services, fund sourcing and forging linkages or networking.

92-96

Authors: L.A. Keswet , A. E. Bash, , B.A. Kabang

This paper reviewed literature on poverty and children’s health care and its implication for teaching and learning of science and technology. It looked at the importance of education and its achievements to the Nigerian citizens. The paper was restricted to the differences seen in the education of the poor children across generations. The paper also identified how poverty and ill health can be destructive to the teaching and learning of science and technology. Poor and healthy children all face a lot of challenges relating to academic success. Some of these challenges could include chronic stress, exposure to lead and other dangerous substances. The importance of science among other things is not only to respond to the needs of the society, but also to be used by all citizens. The study presented some important strategies for reducing poverty and ill health in children by increasing social assistance to poor families, subsidy in housing and more attention to healthcare centers. It suggested among others, that government should sought advice from local, state and federal government and international researchers on how to reduce the menace in the country.

105-111

Authors: Samuel Kolawole Ajiboye, David Obafemi Adebayo, Lateef O. Adegboyega

Youth restiveness is one of the popular tragedies of the 21st century with much consequence on the individual, group and communities. The phenomenon has brought a lot of threat on security and corporate existence of Nigeria as a nation. This study therefore investigated perceived solutions to youth restiveness by guidance counsellors in Kwara State, Nigeria. The descriptive survey method was adopted for the study. A total of 145 respondents were purposively selected across learning institutions in the state. A researcher–developed instrument titled “Perceived Solutions to Youth Restiveness Questionnaire (PSYRQ)” was used to collect the data for the study. The instrument possessed a reliability coefficient of 0.74. Two research questions and three null hypotheses were formulated for the study. The measure of central tendency and t-test statistics were used to analyze the data. All hypotheses were tested at 0.05 levels of significance. The results revealed that acquiring and the use of assertiveness skills by youths was perceived as the major solution to youth restiveness while the major category of solutions is the youth-related. There was significant difference between married and single respondents in their perception of solutions to youth restiveness. It was recommended that counsellors should organize programmes where youths can be trained in assertiveness skill.

119-125

Authors: Nathaniel Llamelo, Stephen P. Bulalin, Agustina Pattung, Satur Bangyad

Different bio-fertilizers like Fermented Plant Juice (FPJ), Indigenous Micro-Organisms (IMO) and Effective Microorganisms Activated Solution (EMAS) was prepared and applied as foliar spray to evaluate its effects on the growth and yield of corn at Conner, Apayao condition. Initial application was at 25 days after planting (DAP) and re-application after 7 days for 5 consecutive weeks. The different bio-fertilizers differed significantly in final plant height, ear height, number of leaves, ear length, ear diameter, weight of 1,000 seeds, yield per quadrant and computed yield. On the other hand, there was no significant difference on the number of rows per ear, shelling recovery and drying recovery. EMAS produced the tallest plant, highest ear height, the most number of leaves, longest ear length, biggest ear diameter, heaviest weight of 1,000 seeds, and highest weight per quadrant and computed yield. Furthermore, EMAS and IMO registered the highest ROCE while control was almost similar with the vermi tea and FPJ had the lowest

134-142

Authors: Tilahun A Muche, Agegnehu A Atena

The Triangular number denoted by is defined as the sum of the first consecutive positive integers.