Revista Brasileira de Prescrição e Fisiologia do Exercício

208-214

Authors: Gabriel Andrade Paz, Marianna de Freitas Maia, Felipe Luis dos Santos Santiago, Vicente Pinheiro Lima

Isometric force is often used by Judo athletes, however, previous evidences indicates that may be differences among dominant and non dominant limbs. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is difference between maximal isometric absolute and relative force (Fmax) between the dominant and non dominant limb of high-performance judo athletes. The sample was composed of 21 athletes competing at the national level of both genders. To evaluate the Fmax was used a hand dynamometer through three repetitions of 10 seconds. The absolute Fmax of dominant limb (FmaxD) showed an average of 51.69 ± 9.93 kilograms/force (kgf), the non-dominant limb (FmaxND) the average showed 50.46 ± 9.36 kgf for men. In women group, was observed an average of 35.12 ± 6.93 kgf for FmaxD and non-dominant limb 36.50 ± 6.30 kgf for FmaxND, however no significant difference were observed between FmaxD and FmaxND in both groups. In the relative Fmax, the men showed an average of 0.64 ± 0.12 kgf*kg-1 in the dominant limb (FmaxRD) and 0.63 ± 0.13 kgf*kg-1 on the non-dominant limb (FmaxRND). The women group showed an average of 0.55 ± 0.15 kgf*kg-1 of FmaxRD and 0.56 ± 0.10 kgf*kg-1 for FmaxRND, the paired t test indicated no significant difference between FmaxRD and FmaxRND in both groups. In conclusion, the Judo athletes training program may strengthen the hand grip for dominant and non dominant limb in a similar way. The data observed in the current study may be associated to the athletes training program characteristics. Key words: Martial Arts, Judo, Hand grip, Training, Athletic performance.

225-236

Authors: Luciano Teixeira dos Santos, Renato Santos de Almeida, João Irineu Wittmann, Odir de Souza Carmo, Leandro Alberto Calazans Nogueira

Introduction: The patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is a routine source of anterior knee pain, its etiology remains unclear, with non-traumatic, insidious onset and usually being exacerbated by movements that cause joint loading. Pain and functional limitations are main complaints. Objective: To conduct a systematic review of literature on the use of rehabilitation and therapeutic exercises in PFPS. Methodology: A systematic review relied on randomized controlled trials published between 2001 and 2011 using the query electronic database Medline, PubMed, Scielo and Bireme with the combination of the keywords “Patellofemoral pain syndrome rehabilitation” and “Patellofemoral pain syndrome exercise” and exercise. The methodological quality of trials was graded using the PEDro scale. Results: Thirty-five studies met the selection criteria with various proposals for conservative treatment. Conclusion: Using conventional physical therapy associated with the strengthening of the hip showed more significant results for pain reduction and improvement in functional capacity. Although other positive results were found in smaller proportions using conventional physical therapy and taping, separately or together. Key words: Patellofemoral pain syndrome, Rehabilitation, Therapeutic exercise.

244-252

Authors: Mário Antônio de Moura Simim, Rodrigo Barboza da Silva, Rafael Frata Cândido, Bruno Victor Correa da Silva, Edmar Lacerda Mendes, Gustavo Ribeiro da Mota

Objective: To determine through of a systematic review the key components related to physiological and physical performance in athletes wheelchair rugby. Method: For the search, we used the descriptors "Wheelchair" and "Rugby" isolated and / or combined. We analyzed the studies originally published in English between January 2004 to December 2012, in databases PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. Results: Initially, 105 studies were identified. After excluding duplicates, reading the titles and abstracts, 17 articles were included and analyzed. The main component of the physical performance of athletes wheelchair rugby were related to be aerobic power (VO2 max.) And indicators of volume and intensity were: rating of perceived exertion, distance covered, total, heart rate and lactate concentration. Conclusion: Athletes and coaches rugby in wheelchairs must included training involving aerobic capacity, change of the direction, speed and muscle strengthening. Key words: Adapted sports, Athletes with disabilities, Adapted physical activity.

260-267

Authors: Francieli Wilhelms, Renata Gomes Navarro Kachvartanian, Antonio Coppi Navarro

Introduction: Due to the high prevalence and complications caused by obesity is important to study control strategies, exercise is a way. Objective: To evaluate the results of an exercise protocol Bodybuilding therapy on body composition and serum levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides and fractionated in obese individuals. Materials and methods: physical assessment and blood collection before and after exercise protocol, application strength training therapy for four weeks with weekly frequency of three times. Results: The applied training showed trends for improvement in body composition (reduction in body fat percentage and increasing lean body mass), increased total cholesterol, LDL and triglycerides and increase HDL cholesterol. Discussion: The results regarding body composition range from meeting with other authors who investigated the effects of resistance exercise on weight loss. Results attributable to increased basal metabolic rate, caloric expenditure exercise direct and EPOC. As to the observed data disagree lipidiograma than literature proposes (decrease in total cholesterol, LDL and triglycerides and increased HDL cholesterol). The results may be justified by the absence of nutritional control, reduced training time and sampling period. Conclusion: A program in obese Muscle Therapy applied for four weeks showed trends for improvement in body composition and increased total cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides and low HDL. Key words: Obesity, Body Therapy, Body composition, Lipid profile.

278-286

Authors: Clarissa Brito Valle, Francisco Navarro

Introduction: athletes are subjected to intense physical exertion. As a result, the heart responds with several morphological and functional alterations that allow the body to reach its peak performance. These changes, known as hemodynamic adaptations, are a result of the timing, frequency and intensity of the training. These hemodynamic adaptations occur differently in each athlete. Objective: to evaluate, through the review of a systematic literature, what are the morphological and functional alterations that happen in the heart of an athlete. In addition, asses if these alterations are either a physiological process of the heart that maintains a good cardiac performance when overloaded with blood circulation; or if they are pathological alterations that are related to the physical exertion. Methodology: systematic review of a computerized database that includes Google Scholar, Scielo and Pubmed. These databases were used to analyze the morphology and function of the hearts of highly trained athletes. Results: morphologically, the athletes' hearts were larger in its total and internal diameter, the posterior wall and inter ventricular septum were thicker; and there was an increase in the ventricular mass of the left ventricle. The cardiac function was similar between athletes and non-athletes. Discussion: “The athletes' heart” presents a variety of alterations that are a result of the type of training that the athlete endures. A strong training program is going to improve the heart's ability to work as a pump and the cardiovascular system to provide oxygen to the muscles that are being exercised. These adaptions can develop as a compensatory process or as an adaption to the hemodynamic stimulus that is created by the volume and/or pressure of blood in the heart. However, the heart's systolic and diastolic function did not change. Conclusion: The athletes’ physical training, which requires high intensity and regularity, is associated with cardiac morphological changes. Some of the changes are the increase in the left ventricle's cavity, in its wall thickness and mass. However, the cardiac function in both athletes and non-athletes did not change drastically. In other words, there were no loses in the heart's functionally. Key words: Athlete, Physical exertion, Left ventricle, The athletes' heart.

293-308

Authors: Nelson Kautzner Marques Junior

In 1860, Gustav Fenchner founded the psychophysical that determines the subjective sensation and perception of stimulus in person. Based in psychophysical, but with the objective of use a rating of perceived exertion (RPE) scale during the exercise, Borg elaborated in the 60`s a scale for monitoring the intensity of the physical exertion. The review article has the objective of presents the “state of the art” of the RPE scale. In this review literature were to selected research on the RPE scale that investigated this instrument during the exercise. The collection of the studies occurred in Bireme, PubMed, Google Scholar and in the CAPES Journals. The results of the review detected that in the 60 to 90 years, most studies was on the RPE during the exercise and about the linearity of the Borg scale in relation some physiological measure. In 1990, the Borg scale was used to prescribe a session. In the 2000 years, most research was on the RPE during the exercise and about the linearity of the Borg scale in relation some physiological measure and some investigation in quantifying of the load through RPE and a study prescribed the training by the Borg scale. Key words: Exercise, Psychophysical, Physiology.

115-122

Authors: Rodrigo Alberto Vieira Browne, Marcelo Magalhães Sales, Sérvulo Fernando Costa Lima, Luiz Carlos Soares Santos, João Bosco da Rocha Filho, Tamyack Alves de Macêdo, Rafael dos Reis Vieira Olher

The aim of this study was to identify and classify physical fitness for neuromuscular performance and muscle-bone health of badminton adolescent athletes from the state of Piauí. To this end, 50 badminton teenagers athletes from the Federal Institute of Piauí, being 25 boys [16.0 (15.6-17.01) years old, BMI= 21.6 ± 2.3 kg.m-2] and 25 girls [15.0 (14.9-15.4) years old, BMI= 20.9 ± 2.6 kg.m-2] were underwent to physical fitness tests for neuromuscular performance and bone-muscle health, and subsequently classified as suggested by Project Sport Brazil (PROESP-BR), in which were evaluated the explosive strength of upper limbs (FEMS), explosive strength of lower limbs (FEMI) velocity (VEL), agility (AGIL), flexibility (FLEX) and muscular endurance - abdominal (RML). Boys had significantly higher (p<0.05) than girls for FEMS (514.3 ± 59.3 vs. 354.4 ± 44.5 cm; p=0.0001), FEMI [211.0 (192.2-220.7) vs. 154.0 (49.8-165.8) cm; p=0.0001], RML (41 ± 11 vs. 31 ± 7 repeats; p=0.0001), VEL [3.44 (3.38-3.68) vs. 4.16 (4.01-4.31) s; p=0.0001] and AGIL [5.78 (5.64-6.11) vs. 6.76 (6.52-7.03) s; p=0.001]. Nevertheless, no significant difference was observed (p<0.05) between sexes for FLEX. On the other hand, compared the frequency of subjects in strata grading (Poor, Fair, Good, Very Good and Excellent) for variables FEMS, FEMI, VEL and AGIL, there were no significant differences in the frequencies of strata between the sexes. However, for the FLEX, girls have a higher prevalence of subjects in the area of health risk (p=0.012). In conclusion, badminton adolescents athletes of male sex, seem be stronger, agile, fast and resistant than their female peers. In addition, girls had a higher frequency of subjects in stratum of health risk for this variable FLEX. Key words: Athletic Performance. Motor Skills. Physical Fitness. Sport. Health.

131-138

Authors: Cecília Gross Windmoller

Introduction: sports exposes participants to a greater risk of injury, proprioceptive training is being recognized as an important element in prevention through changes in the mechanisms of neuromuscular control. Objective: identify whether proprioceptive training is effective in preventing sports injuries. Material and Methods: systematic review using Lilacs, Medline and Pubmed search for controlled intervention of proprioceptive training with sports players. The outcome measure incidence of injuries should be examined. Results: 11 studies were found. Discussion: 07 found a significant decrease in the incidence of lesions. 02 found a decrease was not statistically significant, 01 found a decrease, but not compared statistically, and 01 found a decrease and an increase in the incidence of different lesions in the intervention group. Conclusion: the review presented studies with lower incidences of sports injuries in participants of proprioceptive training, so that training was effective in preventing sports injuries. Importantly, the training protocols were multifaceted, with aspects of strength training and agility, which made an exclusive association with proprioception sports injury difficult. Key words: Proprioception, Prevention, Injury, Sport.

147-154

Authors: Gleyci Kelle Guedes, André Luiz da Silva Teixeira, Hugo Barbosa Alves, Marcelo Ricardo Dias

The aim of this study was to compare the number of repetitions performed with different exercise order for the back and biceps muscles in resistance training. For this, 11 trained subjects (23.7 ± 3.7 years, 67.7 ± 6.4 kg, 171.4 ± 5.9 cm) performed the 1RM test and retest. After, participants performed randomly two different exercise order: a) Lat pull down and biceps curl (LPD/BC); b) Biceps curl and lat pull down (BC/LPD). The tests were conducted in three maximum sets with 70% of 1RM and two minutes rest interval between sets. There were no significant differences in the number of repetitions between exercises in all sets regardless of the exercise order (p<0.05). In addition, no significant differences occurred in the total volume of repetitions between the different exercise order (LPD/BC: 66.7 ± 8.9 repetitions; BC/LPD: 68.2 ± 5.1 repetitions) (p=0.395). In conclusion, the exercise order did not affect the number of repetitions performed during resistance training for back and biceps muscles. Key words: Strength training, Training volume, Exercise order.

161-166

Authors: Julia Zoccolaro Durigan, Antonio Carlos Dourado, Luiz Claudio Reeberg Stanganelli

Studies of physiological characteristics and motor skills are increasing in sports, being very important to enhance the performance. This study aimed at assessing the anthropometric profile and motor performance of Brazilian junior badminton team in two consecutive convocations, in 2007 and 2008. The sample included 42 athletes (19 female athletes, mean age 17,0 ± 2,6 years and 23 male athletes, mean age 19,1 ± 3,7 years). The following variables were assessed: height, body weight, skinfold thicknesses, medicine ball throw, vertical jumps, abdominal strength/resistance (30 seconds), speed (20 meters), agility (mastrascusa) and aerobic power (shuttle run 20 meters). Descriptive statistics (means and standard deviations) and Shapiro-wilk test for normality, p< 0,05, SPSS 18.0. The results of this study describe anthropometric and motor test characteristics of young athletes playing in the Brazilian junior badminton team in 2007 and 2008. Based on the values obtained in the tests, it is suggested that the data of anthropometric and motor can be used as references for other studies, and also for coaches and other sports professionals, athletes with badminton same level and age. Key words: Anthropometry, Motor skills, Racquet sports.

176-183

Authors: Adilson Domingos dos Reis Filho, Roberto Carlos Vieira Junior, Fabrício Azevedo Voltarelli

The mitochondrial uncoupling proteins play an important role in energy metabolism, thus, the gene for UCP-3 can be a good target for research regarding the regulation of body composition in response to physical training. This study aimed to review the scientific evidence related to exercise, uncoupling protein-3 and thermogenesis. Review was made on databases PubMed/MedLine, EBSCOhost, HighWire, Cochrane and Scielo. We identified important results about the effects of aerobic exercise on the expression of UCP-3 acutely, however, the chronic effect of exercise still needs further investigation. Studies with anaerobic exercises are few and divergent as to increased protein expression of UCP-3. Still, there were differences in protein expression of UCP-3, the type of exercise, intensity, volume, duration, whether continuous or interval and in relation to the study design, whether animal or human. Also, there is a dearth of information regarding the relationship between protein expression of UCP-3 with thermogenesis and this in turn with weight control. Key words: Exercise, Thermogenesis, Mitochondria.

190-196

Authors: Evandro Zanni, Rodrigo Ferro Magosso, Natalia Santanielo Silva, Cássio Mascarenhas Robert-Pires

The present study aimed to determine the magnitude and duration of EPOC after a session of resistance training in older adults. The were volunteers were six women, mean age 63.8 ± 2.14 years, mean height of 153 ± 5,2 cm, body mass 56.6 ± 5.3 kg and BMI of 24.55 ± 3.16 kg / m², with experience of at least 6 months in resistance training. The volunteers were subjected to a session of resistance training in the method of circuit, consisting of 12 exercises, with one round and intensity of 50% 1RM, performing 20 repetitions submaximal, with an interval of 1 minute rest between each exercise. EPOC was observed only for a period of up to 4 minutes after the training session, with the largest magnitude was observed until about 2 minutes after the training session. In conclusion, resistance exercise with low intensity and low volume, performed under the method to circuit in elderly individuals, promotes an EPOC effect of little magnitude and duration. Key words: Oxygen consumption, Resistance training, Elderly.

4-12

Authors: Antônio Márcio dos Santos Valente, Marcos Túlio Batista, Liliam Fernandes de Oliveira

The practice of taekwondo involves explosive takes off, jumps, changes of direction and turns. These characteristics cause the onset of fatigue, a variable present in various situations of fight. Physical tests with vertical jumps have been applied to quantify the performance and estimate the overall athletic ability, such as the power of the lower limbs, fatigue resistance and the contribution of the elastic component of muscle. The objective of this study was to analyze the elastic index (EI), the fatigue index (FI), peak power (PP) and mean power (MP) during the vertical jump performance of taekwondo athletes based on parameters of muscle strength lower limb (LL) in athletes of this modality. Seven athletes from taekwondo men team performed three types of jumps on a contact mat: countermovement jump without using the upper limbs (CMJ), jump starting from a static position with 90 ° of knee flexion (SJ 90) and 4 sets of 15 seconds of intemitent jumping. The variables studied were: peak power (PP), mean power (MP), the rate of elastic energy storage (IE) and fatigue index (FI). The results indicated the value of IE = 7.59 ± 2.07 cm and IF = 81 ± 0.12%. The value of PP = 25.79 ± 2.26 watts / kg is consistent with the findings in studies involving athletes from other sports. The MP = 23.22 ± 1.98 watts / kg, was relatively above the data of the literature, indicating the need for better control at maximum effort during the test. The analyzes indicate that there is no correlation between the values of (IE) and (IF) and that the average jump height of the 4 series of 15s seems to be related to the muscle strength variable due to the positive and significant correlation with SJ. We suggest attention in interpreting the production of PM as it can be influenced by the movement effiency and by the motivational aspect of the athletes during the test. Key words: Vertical jump, Taekwondo, Elastic index, Fatigue index.

21-28

Authors: José Alexandre Barbosa dos Santos, Rozinaldo Galdino da Silva, Rodrigo Alberto Vieira Browne, Marcelo Magalhães Sales, André Faria Russo, Paulo Russo Segundo

The present study aimed to verify and classify the level of physical fitness (PF) and body adiposity of military policeman from Boa Vista – Roraima. To this end, 51 policeman of both sexes (30±3.97 years of age) were underwent to anthropometric measurements and PF [body mass index (BMI), maximal oxygen consumption indirect (VO2max) by Cooper test 12 minutes (T12), bending test on high bar (HB), elbow flexion test (EF) and trunk flexion test (TF)] and subsequently classified according to body adiposity as well as by the level of PF. The results showed that 60.8% were overweight and 39.2% as eutrophic. All results of neuromuscular fitness variables (HB= 10±3.8, EF= 47±5.8 and TF= 49±10.6 repetitions) and cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max= 42.1±4.5 ml.kg-1.min-1), regardless of sex, showed average values rated at least "Good". Still, individuals classified in the lower quartiles for VO2max, showed BMI visually higher (p>0.05), being statistically different (p <0.05) between the 2nd and 3rd quartile, with average BMI greater in the 2nd quartile. Furthermore, the sample showed a higher frequency (%) in the strata “Very Good” and “Excellent” for the PF tests (p=0.0001). In conclusion, military policeman from Boa Vista - Roraima were classified mostly overweight, but this factor does not seem to influence the level of PF, since the majority of the sample was classified in the highest strata in the physical PF. Key words: Body composition, Anthropometry, Body weights and measures.

39-46

Authors: Lucas Marçal Marcelino, Wellington Segheto, Roberto de Almeida Amaral, Sandro Henrique Rodrigues, Lyvia Barros Scolforo, Fabrícia Geralda Ferreira

This study aimed to assess the level of hydration and sweat rate of athletes Basketball´s base category, during a game. We evaluated 12 athletes (15,2±0,9 years, 10,4±7,1% fat, 40,3±4,7 ml/kg//min), with the average time in practice mode(on) 1.6 ± 0.4 years. The hydration level of the athletes was assessed by urine specific gravity (USG), measured before and after the match, and the percentage difference in body weight before and after the match. The volunteers were informed about the procedures that would be used and signed a consent form. Data were presented as mean, standard deviation, median, maximum and minimum values. The differences between the averages for the USG were checked by the Wilcoxon test and between the weight by paired t test. The average rate of sweating was 38.8 ± 26.72 ml / min. The percentage of dehydrated athletes early in the game was 50% with significant dehydration (1.021 to 1.030) and 16.6% with severe dehydration (> 1.030). After the game we had 66.6% with USG between 1.021 and 1.030 and 25% with severe dehydration, not being observed statistical difference between the initial and final USG (P = 0.064) nor between the initial and final weight of the athletes (P = 0.601). It is recommended the coaches, that, an awareness work should be done about the importance of hydration before the activity practiced, so they can start the exercise in the state of euhydration. Key words: Water loss, Yield, Exercise.

55-64

Authors: Fabio Luis Ribeiro de Lima

Introduction: Installation of Family Fitness Zones (FFZ) is one of public policies that aimed to encouraging physical activity in the elderly population. To obtain the benefits of regular exercise, however, a minimum intensity is required. Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify the level of perceived exertion (PE) in FFZ exercises by the elderly. Materials and Methods: 21 elderly people were interviewed and asked to point the PE at the Borg scale at the end of each exercise. The data were processed using descriptive statistic, Pearson correlation and Student’s test-t. Results: The most performed exercises in the FFZ were the Hiking Simulator, Skiing ant the Leg Press, followed by Rowing Simulator, Riding Simulator and Shoulder Press. The average PE per exercise ranged from 10,7 to 12,8, and the reported exercise session average was 11,6. Discussion: The literature recommends a PE between 12 and 13 to this population, considering individuals limitations. All exercise caused a PE within this range or slightly below. Conclusion: The exercises available in the FFZ are sufficient to stimulate a more active way of life and also to generate the elderly fitness. Key Words: Perceived exertion, Exercises, Family fitness zones, Elderly.

71-77

Authors: Rubem Machado Filho

The study aimed to analyze and compare the anthropometric and neuromuscular capabilities schoolchildren aged 11 to 13 years, a public school located in Guarulhos (SP). The sample consisted of 24 students. For the statistical analysis was used to verify data normality test SHAPIRO WILK. For parametric data we used the “t” test and for nonparametric data was used the WILCOXON test. We adopted a significance level of 5%. The data were processed with SPSS 13.0. With these results, we can conclude that the results reported by children in general, were satisfactory for health maintenance. Key words: School children, Growth, Development.

98-102

Authors: Richard William Carneiro, Thiago Mattos Frota De Souza, Claudio de Oliveira Assumpção, João Bartholomeu Neto, Ricardo Yukio Asano, José Fernando de Oliveira

The purpose of present study was evaluate the behavior of heart rate (HR) and the relationship with the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu (BJJ) athletes with age of 27±6.24 years, 85.6±16.95 kg and 1.76±0.06 m. The experimental protocol consisted of a fight simulation with regular time (10 minutes) even without the finalization of adversary. The HR was measured before (113.4±13.2 bpm), during all combat, in 2.5 (165.1±11.9 bpm), 5 (170.1±15.9 bpm), 7.5 (170.1±13.9 bpm) and 10 minutes (173.1±10.4 bpm) and after, in 1 (139.8±13.0 bpm), 2 (132.4±10.6 bpm) and 3 minutes (127.1±12.1 bpm), such as the RPE (5±1) in the end of fight. Our results show that the fighters kept high heart rate during all fight time, corresponding to a high intensity of effort (91.6±5.5 %), thus like the RPE that showed classification near from HEAVY. Thus, we concluded that the use of Borg scale can be abble of identify the intensity of effort during BJJ fights. Key words: Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu, Heart Rate, Rating of Perceived Exertion.

514-520

Authors: Valter Silva, Victor Danilo Almeida, Daniel Rodriguez, Janaína Maria Ralo, Francisco Luciano Pontes Junior, Antonio Jose Grande

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a short-term intervention with hydrogymnastic on indicators of obesity in frail elderly obese. We evaluated 18 obese women (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m²), aged between 60 and 75 years old, beginners in a program of hydrogymnastic. The training volume was three times per week and 45 minutes per day. This pattern was maintained for six months. There are trends for improvement with the intervention. The most important changes were observed during the 2nd stage for all variables (about twice higher than in the 1st stage). The correlations with major importance in terms of association and statistical significance were positive. Only hip and WHR presented negative correlation (p<0.01). The intervention of short-term with aquatic exercise of hydrogymnastic tends to produce improvements in indicators of obesity and can be a viable alternative for the treatment in frail elderly. Key words: Frail Elderly. Weight Loss. Obesity. Exercise Therapy. Water.

528-534

Authors: Adair Viana Teixeira, Gustavo Muniz da Rocha

The objective of this research was to identify possible changes in blood pressure of subjects studied, through a timeline of a strength training protocol consisting of two weeks of adaptation, the more specific 12 weeks, divided into three mesocycles 4 weeks each, mesocycle (a), (B) and (C), totaling 36 training sessions. The sample consisted of 15 women with mean age of 58.8 ± 3.54, physically active. First, the load was determined from 8 to 10 repetitions maximum. In mesocycle A, the number of repetitions was 80 to 10 RM, corresponding to an intensity between 61 to 65% of the maximum load. In mesocycle B, the number of repetitions was 10 to 12 RM, the intensity between 53 to 61% of maximum load, and mesocycle C, the number of repetitions was 8 to 10 RM, the intensity between 61 to 65% maximum load, taking into account the volume and intensity of a mesocycle and others were always adjusted. The BP measurement was performed at baseline, during (6 weeks) and after (12th) week. The results showed that the periodicity of a protocol for strength training significantly reduced BP. The survey showed a reduction in the final 2 mmHg in SBP, whereas DBP was a slight decrease and maintenance of their blood pressure levels. We conclude that a periodization of strength training protocol influenced the BP reduction in hypertensive women, farms controlled by antihypertensives, showing that strength training can be an important tool in prescribing safe and effective training for individuals hypertensive. Key words: Muscle strength, Muscle hypertrophy, Kaatsu training, Sarcopenia, Resistance exercise.

543-551

Authors: Natalia Santanielo Silva, Cristiani Gomes Lagoeiro, Vanessa Teixeira Castellan, Cássio Mascarenhas Robert Pires, Rodrigo Ferro Magosso

One repetition maximum (1RM) testing has been used for determining maximum strength training and prescription. However specific the test is, the time consumed for the protocol presents a practical limitation. In this sense, the purpose of the study was to verify the relationship between 1RM values of the Bench Press (BP), inclined bench press (IBP), seated bench press (SBP) and dumbbell fly (DF) of trained men as well as to establish prediction equations for 1RM determining from BP values for the remaining exercises. 9 trained men (25,78 ± 2,91 years, height 180,6 ± 5,4cm, body mass 83,16 ± 8,07kg and training experience 3,56 ± 1,01 years) performed the 1RM test for each of the exercises in a randomly with a 72 hours interval. 1RM values were 93,78 ± 13,87kg on BP, 82,11 ± 13,20kg on IBP, 110,33 ± 16,77 on SBP and 65,78 ± 10,97kg on DF. Using 1RM on BP, we found equations with correlations that were very strong (r2 = 0,91) for SBP, strong (r2 = 0,82) for IBP and moderate (r2 = 0,68) for DF. With these results, we conclude that the equations found can be applied during strength training prescription, in a way to make it easier to test muscle strength and exercise prescription through percent of 1RM. Key words: One Repetition Maximum, Prediction Equation, Pectorals.

560-568

Authors: Emerson Luiz Teixeira, Karla Cristine Hespanhol, Thomaz Baptista Marquez

Currently with aging occur some physiological declines, the most worrisome being the loss of muscle strength. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of low-intensity resistance training and vascular occlusion (20% 1RM) in the changes of hypertrophy and muscle strength in elderly women. He was employed eight weeks of resistance training, 2 sessions per week, with intensity (20% 1RM) in the group with vascular occlusion BIOV, (20% 1RM) without vascular occlusion in group BISO e GCO and third group remained as group control. The groups did BISO e BIOV and exercises in the leg extension and leg curl and performed three sets of 15 repetitions for each exercise. The AST was calculated by anthropometric measures, and increased 14,1%, 5,6% for groups and BIOV e BISO, respectively, a decrease of 0,01% for the GCO. The extensor muscle strength improved in 13,5% and 5,3% and 14,6% in flexion and 6,9% for groups and BIOV e BISO, respectively. The GCO strength decreased by 0,9% in the extensor and flexor in 6,9%. Similar results in the literature are attributed to increased recruitment of type II muscle fibers, GH secretion, and decreased expression of MSTN. We conclude that the group trained at low intensity and vascular occlusion (BIOV) made gains in strength and muscle hypertrophy, and higher than BISO e GCO, demonstrating the contribution of vascular occlusion in the low-intensity resistance training. Elderly who cannot train with heavy loads could benefit from this type of training without join damage. We suggest further studies that compare these results with the use of high intensity, elucidating the responses of different intensities. Key words: Muscle strength, Muscle hypertrophy, Kaatsu training, Sarcopenia, Resistance exercise.

578-603

Authors: Nelson Kautzner Marques Junior

This article presents a review about mathematical calculations of the oxygen uptake (VO2) kinetics and the contribution of the energy systems during exercise. The article taught the physiological mechanisms of the VO2 kinetics during the physical effort and after of the exercise with their respective mathematical calculations. The article used a fictitious example of two subjects that ran at maximum velocity during 80 seconds, being used VO2 values for the reader to understand the calculations of VO2 kinetics. During the VO2 phases (phase I to III) and during the EPOC (fast and slow), are resolved exponential equations for determine the best model to fit the curve of VO2. After these calculations, was established to participation of the energy system during the running speed in alactic anaerobic metabolism, in lactic anaerobic metabolism and in aerobic metabolism with the respective calculations. In conclusion, know the mathematics of VO2 and contribution of the energy system during the exercise facilitates the understanding of the content of the exercise physiology. Key words: Oxygen uptake, Oxygen uptake kinetics, Physiology, Exercise physiology.

612-622

Authors: Enio Gonçalves Junior, Bruno Manfredini Baroni, Marco Aurélio Vaz

The use of vibration platforms for training purposes and rehabilitation has taken large proportions in recent years. Its potential to stimulate the muscle apparatus has been studied while evaluating acute and chronic adaptations in different populations. Significant alterations in muscular strength, power, flexibility, bone mineral density, besides other variables, are observed in the literature. However, it is also important to consider that exaggerated exposure to vibration can cause neurological, vascular and musculoskeletal damage to the human organism. Thus, this manuscript aims at discussing: (1) up-to-date information on physiological and biomechanical mechanisms related to the neuromuscular responses to the vibratory stimulus; (2) potential problems relating to human exposition to vibration; and (3) the reasons why vibration can be considered useful in the context of training and rehabilitation. The results of the reviewed scientific studies suggest that vibration training has great application potential in the fields of physical fitness and rehabilitation exercises. The complete understanding of the neuromuscular mechanism of vibration responses or adaptive response to whole body vibration still needs further investigation. A limitation found in the reviewed literature is the lack of specific protocols for each population and their effort type, taking into consideration the variables involved such as frequency, displacement, magnitude and time of exposition. It is also necessary a better understanding regarding the negative effects of vibration in the human body so that we can use, in a safe way, the vibration training as a stimulus for physical training. Key words: Vibration platform, Skeletal muscle, Tonic vibration reflex, Occupational vibration.

631-635

Authors: Júlio César Camargo Alves, Bruno Ferraresi Scrivante, Natalia Santanielo Silva, Cassio Mascarenhas Robert-Pires, Rodrigo Ferro Magosso

One repetition maximum (1RM) testing has been used as an indirect form of evaluating muscle strength and quantifying training intensity, however, one must know the fator that may influence the results. The purpose of the study was to compare 1RM values for parallel squat (PS) and complete squat (CS) on a Smith machine. 16 healthy and physically active male subjects (age 25,2 ± 5,8 years, body mass 83,7 ± 8,4 kg). The 1RM tests were performed for each exercise on two separate ocasions randomly and 48-hour appart. Tests consisted of a warm up of 10 repetitions without additional weight to the machine, followed by 3 to 5 attempts with a 3-minute rest interval to find 1RM. Data analysis was made with Shapiro-Wilk normality test and Sudent’s t test for paired samples. Significance level was set at p‹0,05. Results are expressed as means ± SD. 1RM values for PS and CS were 103,8 ± 25,4 kg e 73,3 ± 19,8 kg, respectivelly (p‹0,01), with a percent reduction of 28,7 ± 10,1%. These results allow us to conclude that there is a significant difference between PS and CS, therefore 1RM test must be performed on the specif range of motion applied during training. Key words: 1RM testing, Range of motion, Squat.

422-427

Authors: Fernando Damasceno de Albuquerque Angelo

Introduction: depression is a mood disorder characterized by anormal affective manifestations, that can vary in frequency, intensity and duration on the occurrence of symptoms. The exercise has been consolidating in recent years asone of the most effective means of prevention and treatment of depression. Objective: to ascertain what benefits that regular physical exercise providesseniors who have a depressive disorder. Materials and Methods: it is a review of scientific literature ,using the search strategy in primary and secondary computerized database, including Scielo and Lilacs in the period from 1 April 2011 to 01 April 2012. Results and Discussion: the provement of balance and body coordination, increase independence, self-esteem, well-being, less anxiety and mood changes . Conclusion: as a result of a greater interest in preventing and even treating depression in older adults, exercises has gained strength as a protective tool and as an adjunctive treatment in cases of depression in the elderly. Key words: Aged, Exercise, Depression.

433-440

Authors: Jader Sant’ Ana, Juliano Dal Pupo, Rodrigo G. Gheller, Fernando Diefenthaeler

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a combined training (aerobic + resistance) in aerobic fitness and body composition in adults. Thirteen individuals, seven males (30.9 ± 4.6 years, 174 ± 7 cm height) and six females (32.2 ± 6.4 years, 162 ± 7 cm), underwent a combined training for 12 weeks with a frequency of three times per week, with sessions of 55 min, consisting of 25 min of aerobic exercise intensity on the point of deflection of heart rate (PDHR) and 30 min of resistance exercise with weights. Were evaluated indicators of body composition (% fat and lean mass, body mass index (BMI) and waist hip ratio (WHR) and aerobic aptitude (peak velocity - PV, maximal oxygen uptake - VO2MAX and running speed corresponding to the PDHR - VDMAX) before and after training. Descriptive statistics and paired t-test were used for data analysis, with a significance level of p <0.05. There was significant increase for aerobic aptitude indicators (VO2MAX, PV, VDMAX), and % lean mass, whereas body mass, % fat, BMI and WHR decreased after training, for both sexes. It follows that 12 weeks of combined training can cause changes in the aerobic aptitude and body composition in both sexes. Key words: Body Composition, Oxygen Uptake, Training

455-464

Authors: Mariah Galoza de Azevedo, Alvaro D. Souza, Pierre Augusto-Silva, Victor Magalhães Curty

It is known that eccentric exercise causes damage to the micro-architecture of the muscle fiber causing pain and decreased range of motion until 96 hours after the exercise session. Objective: To investigate the correlation between the volume of an eccentric exercise at different intensities in the micro-surrogate markers of muscle damage. Materials and Methods: In a randomized crossover design 14 healthy men (25 ± 6 years old, 174 ± 7 cm height, 72 ± 6 kg body weight) participated voluntarily in the study and underwent two sessions of two series of unilateral biceps curl (phase eccentric) until volitional exhaustion at 75% or 130% of 1 repetition maximum using the non-dominant limb. We used a goniometer measuring the plastic range of motion. The subjective perception of pain was measured from a visual analogue scale on palpation and the maximum extent. The variables were measured before, immediately after, 48 and 96h after exercise. Mixed ANOVA for repeated measures was used to compare variables and if necessary post hoc Bonferroni. The level of significance was p <0.05. Results: Significant reduction of the ADM with a difference between the intensities. Significant increase in the perception of pain on palpation and elbow extension with no difference between the intensities. There was no significant correlation between the total volume and ADM or the perception of pain in any of the intensities. Conclusion: The effects of eccentric exercise are more pronounced the higher the intensity, but these effects did not correlate with the total volume. Key words: Strength training, muscle damage, adaptation, eccentric exercise, pain.

472-477

Authors: Flávio Romano Conceição, Claudio de Oliveira Assumpção, Valmir Fernandes de Lira, Ricardo Yukio Asano, Nardha Calaça, João Bartholomeu Neto

The purpose of this study was to investigate the positive and negative factors for the implementation a workplace physical activity program (GL) in medium-sized businesses in Gurupi-TO. Initially, we conducted a survey and characterization of medium-sized city. The companies were divided into two groups: companies and companies with GL or without GL. Interviews were held with officials of each company, composed of open and closed questions applied on different days between the companies participating in the study. Of the seven selected companies, two companies have GL programs and five did not. It is concluded that the companies have GL, the speech was the sense of concern with the employee in relation to health, stress and performance; Among the companies that do not have GL program, there is a difficulty for places where there are employees, the distance from the industrial sector in relation to the urban area and the lack interested in offering the program. Key words: Workplace physical activity program; Companies; Health

486-493

Authors: Mauro Lúcio Mazini Filho, Aldo Coelho Silva, Gabriela Rezende de Oliveira Venturine, Felipe José Aidar, Ingi Klain, Bernardo Minelli Rodrigues, Dihogo Gama de Matos

To know the initial condition of the police is of paramount importance to the prescription of physical activity most appropriate and meet your goals and needs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the fitness level of the military within the battalion. The sample consisted of 27 soldiers recruited randomly from the city of Cataguases-Mg, 34.26 + 7.16 years. For the analysis of physical conditioning was used the TAF, which relies on the Cooper tests, abdominal flexion, arm flexing and fixed bar. Were also evaluated the speed and flexibility, by testing the test 200 and sitting and reaching, respectively. Data analysis was performed using SPSS for Windows version 16.0. Descriptive analysis was used for all variables, values were expressed as mean, standard deviation, maximum and minimum score. Was considered a p <0.05. Were found the following values: Cooper test: 29.36 + 4.65 ml.kg.min; 200m test: 33.22 + 3.33 seconds; abdominal flexion test: 42.89 + 15.26 repetitions, arm flexing test: 27.07 + 10.19 repetitions; fixed bar test: 7.41 + 3.78 repetitions and flexibility test: 13.22 + 4.34 cm. The results indicate that military personnel are evaluated with a low fitness level and recommend a fitness program for military personnel nationwide. Key words: physical assessment, quality of life, military performance.

501-505

Authors: Adilson Godoy De Carli, Raul Santo de Oliveira

The aim is to show the effects of the use of personal protective equipment and breathing on VO2 max. individuals of the 16th Fire Brigade Combat Team. The sample comprised 313 males (37.5 ± 6.8 years). We obtained the value of the mass of personal protective equipment and respiratory value of 22 kg and 27 kg (composite or steel). We carried out an indirect test, established by Cooper, to VO2 max., Which is to run for a period of 12 minutes, obtaining the average of 41 1.min-1-ml.kg. There was no positive correlation of the average VO2 max. sample compared to the minimum rates prescribed in the literature. The VO2 max. negatively influenced by the weight of personal protective equipment and respiratory. Variants were analyzed for the results found by relating them to the use of personal protective equipment and respiratory moving the discussion of the firefighter must travel in the Cooper test to be able to use personal protective equipment and respiratory simultaneously, a distance least 2750 meters. We conclude that there is great need to promote individuals to the 16th Combat Team Fire training aimed at improving cardiac output and increased investment in equipment and respiratory protective equipment with less mass. Key words: weight, cardiorespiratory, performance.