Asian Business Review

71-77

Authors: Md. Rahimullah Miah

The augmented Internet Banking Service is increasingly popular both in Bangladesh and elsewhere. This paper explores a predicted framework for global Internet Banking that emphasizes the transformative interaction among the effective customers around the regional, national and global banking indicating advanced on backend models, instructional strategies, and transaction technologies in the context on upcoming generations. We have to develop the framework on global enhanced transaction systems especially individual global account, effective online banking systems to fulfill the required method, implementing design and appraising the feedback with standard technology according to network topology for disseminating of global banking technological arena. Despite decades of development, electronic payments still need practical examples of how to use electronic payment technology within a uniqueness and rationalized way including global electronic transaction, language tools, currency converter and electronic workstation. This research focuses the major issues responsible for Internet Banking based on respondents’ perception through various internet applications. The author presents a theoretical framework for our represented method, taking into account previous models and characteristics of an effective Internet Banking Security. In addition, we illustrate the global technology that we have to expand and execute among the customers’ satisfaction within the expected model. We follow this with an evaluation of achievement, both in the global banking implementation and the amplitude framework according to periodical requirements. Finally, we focus highly developed research trajectories of the model and recommendations for how to further avail the internet banking subscribers to design more secure alternatives. Key words: Internet Banking, Currency Converter, Perception, Rationalized and Technological Arena JEL Classification Code: G29

82-87

Authors: Mahjabeen Ferdous; & Md. Moniruzzaman

This paper present the current Corporate Social Responsibility practices by banking sector in Bangladesh. It also attempts to examine the importance of CSR (Gaining Competitive advantage, Customer’s and Employee’s Positive Behavior, Financial performance, etc) using open end questionnaire aims to collect respondent’s opinion. Data analyzed by Statistical tool hypotheses (Z statistic-Proportion Test) along with descriptive analysis. DBBL is one of the top most banks in practicing CSR activities. The most practiced area is Education; PCB may diversify CSR practices in women empowerment, poverty alleviation as it is not enough to contribute the overall development of the country as well as other sector such as telecommunication, manufacturing industry may come forward for CSR practices. Key Words: Corporate Social Responsibilities, Private Commercial Bank, Bangladesh JEL Classification Code: M14

100-107

Authors: Md. Sajedur Rahman; & Md. Ali Ahsan

A healthy financial sector is very much crucial for economic growth, especially for economies like Bangladesh. Because, growth in Bangladesh must come largely from exports and its enterprises must, therefore, be internationally competitive. But unfortunately, Bangladesh has a financial system in which borrowers fail to repay loans, foreclosure is almost unheard of, and the government has to bail out banks. However, the Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), the most powerful weapon for accelerating economic development in Bangladesh. To attain an economic growth rate in the seven to eight percent range, investment has to be increased significantly, Because of declining levels of official development assistance in recent years and inadequate domestic savings, FDI presents opportunities for overcoming domestic resource constraints. The Board of investment (BOI) was created as market mechanism where investors can cut through red-tape associated with foreign trade and business start-ups. FDI basically helps to fill-up the capital gap and shortage of a country. Foreign Direct Investment is one of the vital forces to boost up the economy. In this study paper I would like to draw a current scenario of Foreign Direct Investment in Bangladesh. In this regard I present the most updated data, avoid the uncompleted data and use the best judgment at the time of presenting the data to better knowing the current trend about the Foreign Direct Investment in Bangladesh. The benefits of FDI in terms of physical capital formation, transfer of technology, and know-how are sufficient to justify sustaining these flows. Capital controls are not the answer to a rising flow of FDI. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) will help the country in further developing infrastructures, creating more employment, developing capacity, enhancing skills of the labour force of the host country through transferring technological knowledge and managerial capability. To ensure that resulting payments liabilities remain within the country’s debt-servicing capacity, it is essential to develop an effective non-intrusive reporting and monitoring system the main ingredients of which are presented in the study. Keywords: Foreign Direct Investment status in Bangladesh, Economic growth, Prospects & problems of FDI, Impact of FDI, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), Development, Growth benefits. JEL Classification Code: G11, O24

114-120

Authors: Dhanonjoy Kumar; Afjal Hossain; & Monto Chandra Gope

Bangladesh is one of the high density countries of the world. 40% of its population lives below the poverty level of which rural women are poorer. The rise of the Micro Credit Institution in the global context is identified as an important phenomenon which has implication for the development prospects of the poor. The paper was designed to identify the role of Grameen Bank (GB) and to analyze rural women’s economic empowerment as the outcome of micro-credit interventions. In this regard, an exploratory research has been made to focus on the activities and impacts after receiving micro-credit from GB. A sample size of 100 respondents has been interviewed through a structured questionnaire, in-depth interview and observation from Jhenaidah and Kushtia districts. The result shows that the women are more independent and can engage in decision making process after receiving and using micro credit. Keywords: Grameen Bank, Micro Credit, Women, Empowerment, Bangladesh JEL Classification Code: M19

7-15

Authors: Md. Abul Mohaimen

This study aims at investigating the methods, importance, process, and present situation of managing talented employees in Corporations. The study revealed that having talented employees helps organizations to drive and be competitive but it is difficult to acquire such people. Thus, some innovative campaigns, for instance, global trainee and management cycle star programs have been created to motivate talented graduates to join the companies and to motivate existing talented employees to being more dedicated and engaged. In the recruitment of new employees, personality and interpersonal skills were more important than educational background because candidates were deemed to be proficient in specific areas, so, what a candidate must have is a personality matching the company’s culture especially the characteristic of working as a good team member. In this study, we suggested some important steps and methods that can be applied in the organizations which are totally running and managing by the HR Department. Moreover, these methods and steps can become successful by managing low rate of star turnover which is quite sensitive case now a day. Key words: Talent, Motivation, HR JEL Classification Code: J24

21-25

Authors: Mohammad Yunus

Public Private Partnership (PPP) is a recent phenomenon in Bangladesh to upgrade quality education and create potential managerial manpower for smooth and sustainable economic development of this county which although, highly overpopulated, but lack skilled and worthwhile & effective managerial manpower. The course curriculum of both public and private universities especially BBA and MBA programs should be well designed and well patterned to satisfy needs of the county. The faculty of Business Administration of a Private university i.e BGC Trust University Chittagong and Faculty of Business Administration (FBA) of a public university, i.e University of Chittagong (CU), are trying to upgrade and improve syllabuses of both BBA and MBA in line with local North South University (Private University market leader) and other universities of North America, South East Asia and India. The rules, regulation, enactments etc must be made logical and attractive to fit accountability of teachers and others concerned. Training and development Programs must be befitting to enhance skills of teachers & other related human resources. Key words: Public-Private Partnership, Private University, Public University, Programs JEL Classification Code: P42

31-39

Authors: Sheikh Abdur Rahim; & Ferdouse Ara Tuli

Communication has been considered as the lifeblood of every business organization. In case of banking business in Bangladesh, the effective communication is a must for convincing the customers. The reason behind that, the number of banks is increasing day-bay-day. Thus, the competition of banking business in Bangladesh is going to be severely critical for the bankers. So, this paper attempts to explore the tools and techniques used by the bankers of Eastern Bank Limited and Mutual Trust Bank Limited to communicate with their customers. This paper also attempts to reveal the opinion of bankers and customers regarding the effectiveness of communication practices by the authority of Eastern Bank Limited and Mutual Bank Limited and prescribed some possible courses of actions to make the communication more effective with their customers. Keywords: Business, Communication, Customer, Banker, Effectiveness, Bangladesh JEL Classification Code: D83

44-52

Authors: Faria Kabir & Nafiza Islam

Conceptualization and defining the term leadership as theory is still difficult. To reveal the concept of leadership one common practice can be followed that is describing leaders by using established theories and researches. The current discussion explores two aspects. First, it will show how different theories and researches rise ontological challenges to construct the framework of leadership characteristic and its meaning. Second, in terms of methodological implications whether the selected theories are enough for measuring the role and importance of leadership in Sales Management. The study also determines whether the leadership model can increase sales performance for the organization. Thus the conclusion focuses on the growing importance of positive psychology of leadership concept and its implication in Sales Management. Keywords: Leadership, Sales Management, Transformational Leadership, Servant Leadership, Trait Approach, Behavior Approach JEL Classification Code: D72

7-11

Authors: Dewan Muktadir-Al-Mukit, A. Z. M. Shafiullah, & Md. Rizvy Ahmed

This study investigates the relationship between inflation and import for the economy of Bangladesh over the sample period of 2000 to 2011. This study used different econometric techniques of measuring the long and shortterm relationship between variables. The Johansen Cointegration test is used to determine the existence of a long term relationships between study variables. The normalized Cointegrating coefficients are found statistically significant and show a stable and positive relationship between study variables. The short run interactions are similar to thelong run relationships. The estimated error correction coefficient indicates that 0.6 percent deviation of the inflation rate from its long run equilibrium level is corrected each period where such correction rate for import is 24 percent. Finally,Granger causality analysis suggests the existence of a unidirectional causality running from Inflation to import. Keywords: Inflation, Import, Cointegration, VECM, Granger Causality JEL Classification Code: E31

19-21

Authors: Romaza Khanum

The study explores the socio-economic conditions of fishermen in Hakaluki haor of Moulvibazar district. The main information was used in this regard to measure the poverty incidence such as family size, annual income, expenditure of food and non-food items, education level, etc. The study also estimates the poverty level by using CBN method. About 42 and 68% haor fishermen were below the lower and upper poverty lines respectively. The study suggests that the Government should take haor basedpolicy to reduce poverty level of fishermen. Key words: Haor Fishermen, Food-basket, Fisheries Resources, CBN Method, Poverty Incidence

29-36

Authors: Md. Mosharref Hossain & Md. Mahabbat Hossain

Non-Bank Financial Institutions (NBFIs) are increasingly being recognized as complementary to the banking system and perform a diversified range of functions through offering various financial services to individual, corporate and institutional clients. Nevertheless, the cost of funds of NBFIs is significantly higher than the banks as banks are the prime sources of funds for them. On the other hand, the availability of funds from banks is becominginadequate day by day due to the involvement of banks with some similar functions of NBFIs. The study intended to identifythe current scenario of the cost of funds of different groups of NBFIs and to find out the causal relationship of the internal factors with the cost of funds of NBFIs. The study finds that NBFIs established before 1990 shows higher equity contribution and total asset sizewhich shows their ability to generate funds at a low costfor the reputation and public confidence. On the other hand, due to thehigh equity contribution, large asset size and high EPSof the group of joint venture NBFIs compared to local NBFIs are able to raise relatively low cost funds. From the multiple regression analysis current study finds that only the variables of age and earning per share are statistically significant at 5% level. The other two factors, equity contribution and interest earning asset conform thetheoretical sign although they are not statistically significant. The other variable, size of business that is measured by total asset, neither conform the expected sign nor is statisticallysignificant. Keywords: NBFIs, COF, Internal Factors, Bangladesh.

44-50

Authors: Syed Nazmul Huda

A stock market plays as a strong role in the industrialization and economic development of the country. Among the developing countries, the contribution of the capital market have lately been recognized. This paper assess the Intensifying of Stock Markets (DSE & CSE) in Bangladesh based on Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) & Chittagong Stock Exchange (CSE). Information collected from secondary data during 2000-2011 along with identifying the major dominants factors and some problems or lacks of stock market whish is greatly obstacle to intensifying the stock market in Bangladesh. By using the factor analysis it has been shown that Turn over of capital market largely depends on four indicators i.e. No. of Listed Securities, Initial Public Offering (IPOs), Market Capitalization, Issued Capital in the both stock markets in Bangladesh during the study period. The authors to identify the some problems or lacks of stock market in Bangladesh which has been face the market crash in recent years and doing experiment to find out the dominants factorsto overcome problems as well as develop the stock market during the study period. Keywords: Dhaka Stock Exchange, Chittagong Stock Exchange and Keiser Mayer Olkin

59-63

Authors: Md. Mustafizur Rahman, Md. Ali Ahsan, Md. Motahar Hossain, & Meem Rafiul Hoq

Green banking is the operation of the banking activities giving especial attention upon the social, ecological and environmental factors aiming at the conservation of nature and natural resources. Banks can be green through bringing changes in six main spheres of banking activities. Those are Change in Investment Management, Change in Deposit Management, Change in House Keeping, Change in the Process of Recruitment and Development of Human Capital, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), and Making Consciousness Among Clients and General Mass. Such an initiation can ensure a safe residence for upcoming generation.Bangladesh Bank has already issued circulars regarding this. Bankshave already been asked to make their own green banking policy. Now we only need raising voice, keeping hand over hands, thinking in positive way and working in collective manner to makethis a true. Key Words: Green Banking, Green Policy, Green Products.

67-72

Authors: Md. Nur-E-Alam Siddique, Mst. Momena Akhter, Abdullah Al Masum

Although the importance of service quality and service quality measurement have been recognized, there are limited researches that have addressed the structure and antecedents of the concept for the hotel industry in Bangladesh. The clarification of the dimensions of service quality is inevitable for the managers in the hotel industry as these identify the bundles of service attributes consumers find important. Therefore, this study aims to measure the service quality from the customers’ perspective of five star hotels in Bangladesh based on the SERVQUAL model. Three five star hotels (Ruposhi Bangla Hotel, Pan Pacific Sonargaon Hotel, and Radison Water Garden Hotel) out of four were selected for the purpose of the study. The study is based on the primary data collected from the respondents with the help of a self-administered questionnaire to measure the perception of service quality characteristics of the five star hotels. Data analysis has been done using SPSS software and a factor analysis has been conducted to measure the differences among the factors affecting service quality perceptions. To measure the service quality gap, five dimensions related to hotel industry were identified. The analysis shows that the service quality of the five star hotels is highly dependent on the physical appearance, interior decoration, food quality, behavior of the employees, security system, and customized services given to individual customers.

7-12

Authors: Farhana Firoz & Muhammad Faisol Chowdhury

The paper studies the role of first line managers as strategic leaders in Bangladesh ensuring successful implementation of efficient performance management system (PMS), in high performancework systems (HPWS). In this paper, importance of PMS in HPWS has been discussed briefly with the light of previously done scholarly works. Then the paper draws attention on Bangladesh’s perspective of first line managers’ role as strategic leaders in major telecommunication companies, (which are considered as HPWS) in implementing PMS. To do this, quantitative data from handful of major telecommunication companies operating in Bangladesh have been collected and the whole concept has been explained with aid of a model. Keywords:Strategic Leader; High Performance Work Systems; Performance Management System; Telecommunication Companies JEL Classification Code:M120

19-23

Authors: James Adetunji Odumeru & Dr. Oladele Ayodeji Ilesanmi

Contemporary organisation invests huge resources on a regular basis on Human Resources Development (HRD) initiatives because of the age long belief that this will enhance efficiency and effectiveness. But sadly, these expectations often go unfulfilled. This study empirically tests the effect of HRD on financial performance with employee competence and organisational commitment acting as mediating mechanisms. A total of 84 copies of a questionnaire that was distributed to and received from bank workers of two of Nigeria’s leading banks: First Bank of Nigeria Plc and Zenith Bank Plc to elicit relevant data on employee participationin and perceived benefits of HRD, commitment & competence and financial performance were analysed using Cronbach’s Coefficient Alpha and multiple regression analysis. Results show a significant relationship between employee participation in HRD including perceived benefits of HRD and organisational commitment and employee competence. The study also shows a significant relationship between competence & commitment and financial performance.Thus organisation should focus attention on delivering consistent HRD initiatives relevant to the need of employees and focused on addressing identified Skills, Knowledge and Abilities (KSA) gaps for a continuous financial performance improvement. Keywords: Human Resources Development, Training and Development, Employee Competence, Commitment, Financial Performance, Strategic Human Resources Management JEL Classification Code: M120

31-36

Authors: Wahida Shahan Tinne

Recently a word ‘Nation Branding’ or ‘Branding Bangladesh’ is practiced a lot. A nation brand is the total sum of all perceptions of a nation in the mind of international stakeholders which may contain some of the following elements: people, place,culture, language, history, food, fashion, famous faces (celebrities), global brands, etc. The way for a nation to gain a better reputation is to communicate to the international audience that how good you are,is called nation branding. There is a misconception among most of the people that it is required to develop tourism sector of any country in case of nation branding. But nation branding focuses on the nation as a whole – its people, culture and heritage,investment and immigration, governance, exports and tourism. The objective of this paper is to clarify this misconception aboutnation branding, help our citizens to know about the branding Bangladesh and reveal the possibilities of branding Bangladesh. Process of nation branding –Nation Brand Index and Country Brand Index are discussed in this paper. This research is based on secondary sources and the researcher comes up with the NationBranding Hexagon for Bangladesh. Hopefully this paper will be helpful for awaking our consumers and making responsible to come forward for unbeaten nation branding for Bangladesh. Keywords: Brand, Nation Branding and Bangladesh

42-46

Authors: Mohsina Fatema, Md. Abul Kalam Azad, & Abdul Kadar Md Masum

This paper aims at investigating the interrelation between brand image and brand loyalty in case of measuring brand equity of Islami Bank Bangladesh Ltd. Brand Image (BI) and Brand Loyalty (BL) have been considered as the most attributing features of Brand Equity. Handful of researches have resulted thesetwo as primary factor (Latent Variable) of Brand Equity. With this association, this study is designed at conducting research for explaining intermediating role of BI and BL over Brand equity of Islami Bank Bangladesh Limited (IBBL) using Structured Equation Modeling (SEM). Specifically, to analyze the impact of observed variables over un-observed variable e.g. BI and BL we have used Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Only primary data was used for the study which was collected through structured questionnaire froma total number of 399 customers’ located in 43 branchesof IBBL within Dhaka city. Simple Random Selection (SRS) was followed for sampling design. Findings of the study show that a positive correlation exists between BI and BL for IBBL. Moreover, strong influence of Brand Loyalty over Brand Equity was found that of Brand Image in case of IBBL. The model fit of the study strongly signify the result as successful estimate of themodel. Keywords: Brand equity; Brand image; Brand loyalty.

54-60

Authors: Prodip Dey, Shamsu Uddin, & Md. Kamrul Hasan

The study was carried out on Cox’s Bazar sea beach area, the world longest sea beach and the tourist capital of Bangladesh. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the tourists’ perception towards various facilities and services atCox’s Bazar sea beach as a tourists’ destination. The study was based on primary aswell as secondary data; applied quantitative method and 308 questionnaires were used. The factor analysis was conducted to create correlated variable composites from the original attributes. The results of the study stated that tourists’ perception is favorable on Factor 1, Natural Beauty and Restful Atmosphere, Factor 3, Accommodation and security, Factor 4, Hospitality and information and Factor 6, Shopping and activities and tourists’ perception is unfavorable on Factor 2, Hygiene and Sanitation and Factor 5, emergency and caring services. The findings of the current research suggest that there are statistically significant differences in tourists’ perception with respects of respondents’ demographic characteristics such as respondents’ gender, age, occupation and education in some services and facilities at Cox’s Bazar. The findings suggest that the tourism market players, managers and policy makers should ensure up to the mark services within favorable factors and differentiated marketing strategies should be stressed and executed by the relevant parties. Therefore, the findings of the study also provided theoretical and practical implications for the planners, marketers and tourism authorities of Cox’sBazaar in formulating strategies to maintain or enhance their competitiveness. Keywords: Beach tourism, Tourists’ perception, Natural beauty, Hygiene and Sanitation facility, Factor Analysis, Cox’s Bazar Sea beach JEL Classification Code: M31

88-96

Authors: Golam Mohammad Forkan

Though the Light Engineering industry occupies an important space within the Bangladeshi industrial domain, very few attempts of scholarly work to understand and improve the capabilities of this sub-sector has been undertaken in the past. Most of these problems of the sector can be grouped into two fronts: technological deficiencies and marketing inefficiencies. The technological deficiencies are outside the purview of this research,while the marketing challenges are at the center of the research. The objective of this research is to compare perception of different groups of light engineering small enterprises to enhancement of marketing capability through cluster concept. As per the methodology, the first stage of this research comprised of an exploratory research component. The second stage of this research was a conclusive research, where the insights gained from exploratory research were verified. Sampling technique was quota sampling under non-probability sampling. Sample size was 60 representing all the groups. ANOVA test was used to compare perception of different groups of light engineering small businesses. After analysis of variance and F test of all the questions for groups from three dimensions, it was found that perception to enhancement of marketing capability through cluster concept of groups from two dimensions (assets value and number of employee) is positive and variation is also insignificant, i.e., most of the hypotheses are null. Overall perception of groups from another dimension (type of activity) is also positive but variation is significant, i.e., two third hypotheses are null and one third hypotheses are alternative. JEL Classification Code: M31

103-105

Authors: Shamsu Uddin, Md. Mahbubur Rahaman, & Md. Mazharul Islam

Competitive environment among the industrial and service sector has also influenced the healthcare especially hospitals in private sector. There is a tremendous growth in private hospitals during the last three decades, due to inadequate healthcare facilities available at public hospitals to meet the near about 160 million people of Bangladesh. This factor had provided an opportunity for the private hospitals to fill this gap by providing better healthcare services to the patients that leads to patient’s satisfaction. This paper aimed to evaluate the service quality delivered by the private hospitals in Bangladesh based on patient’s perception. Keywords : Competitive; Healthcare; Hospitals; Private; Satisfaction. JEL Classification Code: M31; M39

114-120

Authors: Mozumdar Arifa Ahmed

The objective of this study was to investigate the role of self- esteem and optimism in job satisfaction among teachers of private universities in Bangladesh. The measuring instruments used in this study were: 1. Self-Esteem Scale (SES) (Rosenberg’s, 1965) for measuring self-esteem. 2. Life Orientation Test (LOT) (Scheier& Carver, 1985) for measuring Optimism. 3. Job Satisfaction Survey (JSS) (Spector, 1985) for measuring job satisfaction. According to the objective of the present study the obtain data were analysed using Pearson product moment correlation. The survey results revealed that self-esteem and optimism is significantly positively correlated with teacher’s job satisfaction. Keywords: Teaching, Teachers, Self-esteem, Optimism, Motivation, Job Satisfaction. JEL Classification Code: M12; M51

126-131

Authors: Tanvir Alam, Shahi Md.

Due to the fast growing of the pharmaceutical sector, the demand of medicine is mostly fulfilled by the local industry. In the local market, the medicines are distributed and marketed by the Medical Promotion Officers (MPOs). The main objective of the study is to find out the job satisfaction, motivation and turnover factors of MPOs. Along with different reports, it is conducted direct field survey to the 40 (forty) MPOs of different pharmaceutical companies in the Khulna City. Likert Scale, based on five points, is used for data collecting. It is found that the most of the MPOs are not satisfied with their jobs and for this they are not motivated and for this their turnover tendency is high. The MPOs are dissatisfied with their job security, social status, working load, visit to retailers’ shop, sales target, no room for family, not getting the retirement benefit and not getting the family insurance support. And finally there is given suggestion by the force field analysis model for removing the restraining/negative forces factors for reducing the turnover rate. Also there is also mentioned the driving/positive forces factors for omitting the turnover rate. Keywords: Medical Promotion Officer (MPO); Job Satisfaction; Motivation; Turnover Factor; Force Field Analysis Model JEL Classification Code: M19

136-139

Authors: Silvia Akter

This paper aims to see the levels of empowerment exist in the private hospital in Dhaka city, considering the case of doctors and nurses. A small sample of 40 respondents from the two private hospitals was chosen randomly. The theories of empowerment are discussed and the results are analyzed in respect to the theories which shows that doctors are more empowered than the nurses. Keywords: Empowerment, leadership, Hospitals, Motivation JEL Classification Code: M10

145-151

Authors: Md. Rahimullah Miah

This paper explores a predicted framework for global e-Learning that emphasizes the transformative interaction among the effective individuals around the regional, national and global networking indicating advancement on pedagogical models, instructional strategies, and learning technologies in the context on upcoming generations. We have to develop the framework on global enhanced teaching and effective e-Learning to fulfill the required method, implementing design and appraising the feedback with educational technology according to topological network for disseminating of global education technology. Despite decades of development, electronic teachers still need practical examples of how to use electronic educational technology within a pedagogically effective way including electronic curricula, language tools and electronic facilitators. We present a theoretical framework for our representation method, taking into account previous models and characteristics of an effective e-Learning. In addition, we illustrate the course that we have to develop and implement among the participants in this expected model. We follow this with an evaluation of achievement, both in the course implementation and the amplitude framework. Finally, we focus advanced research trajectories of the model and recommendations for how to further develop the route. Key Words: E-Learning, Transformative Interaction, Teaching Pedagogy, Education Technology JEL Classification Code: L86; M00