Mineralogical Journal

11-17

Authors: T.S. Antonenko, A.B. Brik, O.Yu. Tsymbal, N.O. Dudchenko, V.V. Ovsienko, Yu.I. Cherevko

Phase transformations of natural and synthetic hematite in aqueous Fe (II)-containing medium under the influence of microwave radiation at a temperature range from room temperature to 260 ºС and pressure of 6 MPa were investigated. The saturation magnetization of all initial samples was less than 1 A ∙ m2/kg, while the saturation magnetization of the samples after phase transformations increases significantly (i.e., up to 27 A · m2/kg). It was shown by X-ray diffraction that all samples were transformed into magnetite. Thermomagnetic curves were measured for the treated samples and Curie temperatures were determined. Curie temperatures of the samples of natural hematite were determined as 560 ºC and for synthetic hematite as 559 ºC that are close to the Curie temperature of pure magnetite (580 ºC). The relatively high saturation magnetization of obtained magnetic particles makes them promising for different applications (adsorbents of radioactive waste, carriers for magnetic drug targeting, etc.). The results of this investigation could also be useful for developing new technologies for production of iron ore concentrates from the hematite-containing waste of mining and processing plants.

25-49

Authors: S.G. Kryvdik, O.V. Dubyna, P.F. Yakubenko

The Korsun’-Novomyrhorod pluton is the second after the Korosten one in terms of the scale of Proterozoic (1757-1748 Ma) anorthosite-rapakivi-granite magmatism in the Ukrainian Shield. According to geochronological data, pluton was formed as a result of multiple ascending and crystallization of basic to acidic melts. Differentiation of initial melts because to be responsible for gabbro-anorthosite and monzonites series crystallization. Whereas rapakivi granites, which are predominate in the modern erosion level, were formed from felsic magma not directly related with differentiation of basic melt. In view of the current level of mineralogical research, it is difficult to use modern geobarometry methods to reliably estimate the depth of rocks crystallization. At the same time, a number of factors (absence of volcanic and dike analogues of basic rocks, insignificant distribution of pegmatite bodies, predominance of high-Fe mafic minerals, absence of primary magnetite, etc.) indicate deeper conditions for rocks disclosed by modern erosional cut in comparition to similar Korosten pluton. Therefore, the liquid line of dissent, petrological and mineralogical features of the rocks can be explained by the reducing (low fO2) or abyssal conditions of their formation. It is possible that the deeper conditions of crystallization of parental melt are due to more distinctly developed syenitic trend of evolution with the appearance of high-Fe syenites during final stages. Preliminary data indicate on possibility of vertical layering of gabbro-anorthosite massifs, which manifested by increasing proportion of high-Fe basic rocks with depth. Available isotope-geochemical studies do not provide unambiguous data on regarding reservoirs of primary melts implaying both mantle and mixed mantle-crustal their origin. The evolution of the petrochemical features of basic rocks, in our opinion, is in better agreement with their formation as result of differentiation of the primary high-alumina tholeiitic melt, significantly contaminated by lower crustal material. This determined the subalkaline nature of basic rocks and a significant predominance of norites, in comparition to more typical gabbros, and monzonites. In contrast to the previously proposed hypotheses of the formation of intermediate rocks because of partial melting of felsic rocks by basic intrusions, or mingling of basic and acidic melts, some of petrochemical features and geological position can be satisfactorily explained by their crystallization from the residual melt.

56-62

Authors: L.M. Stepanyuk, N.M. Konoval, T.I. Dovbush, O.V. Kovtun, O.B. Vysotsky, V.P. Snisar

The porphyry-like biotite-garnet granites (sample КВ -5-1) of the Sokolivkа quarry were studied. The quarry is located in the Kirovohrad granite massif on the southwest of Kropyvnytsky city. The aim of our geochronology investigation is to determine the age of granites of the Kirovohrad massif by the U-Pb isotope method using monazite. The age of granites from Kirovohrad massif by the U-Pb method using monazite has not been determined yet. According to our data, the porphyry granites of the Kirovohrad massif (Sokolivka quarry) were formed 2034 million years ago. This U-Pb data of the porphyrylike granites is significantly lower than the U-Pb age of the granites from other parts of this massif. This may be due to the multistage formation of the Kirovohrad massif, for example, the Novoukrainskiy and some granite massifs of the Zhytomyr complex from Volyn’ megablock.

73-86

Authors: V.V. Ishkov, Ye.S. Kozii

The aim of the research is to establish the characteristics of the As and Hg distribution, which belong to the main toxic elements of coal, in the coal seam k5 of the minefield Kapitalna (Krasnoarmiiskyi geological and industrial area of Donbas) and their main genetic factors. The applied methods include sampling coal from mine workings and from core-samples duplicates of wells from 1981 to 2014; identification of the inorganic part of the coal seam, macroscopically diagnosed by standard mineralogical methods as sulfide, silicate and carbonate fractions. According to textural and structural features, they are divided into groups of syngenetic and epigenetic origin; the mineral composition of these two groups was determined by optical microscopy using MIN-8 and MBS-9 microscopes and by X-ray diffraction analysis. Fractional analysis of the density of coal from duplicates of the original samples was carried out to identify the substance of the inorganic part of the coal seam; Arsenic and Hg contents were determined by atomic absorption analysis in the substance of all initial and final samples; normalization of all values of Hg and As concentrations and technological parameters of coal; statistical processing of all geochemical information using Excel 2016 and Statistica 11.0, which included correlation and regression analysis; calculation of the coefficients of affinity of Hg and As with organic matter, the coefficients of the reduced concentration of the investigated elements, the coefficients of the reduced extraction of these elements in the fraction of different densities; construction of maps of normalized isoconcentrates; changes in the regional component of normalized content and gradient of normalized content were performed using the program Surfer 11. We found a genetic link between high concentrations of As and Hg in the coal seam k5 of the minefield Kapitalna with tectonic features, the Central overthrust and associated zones of increased fracturing. The accumulation of As and Hg in the coal seam k5 of the minefield Kapitalna, bound to the organic component of the coal seam, is epigenetic. The practical significance of the work is that their high concentration in the high-density fractions of coal will lead to their gravitational accumulation in the waste.

25-41

Authors: V.M. Kvasnytsya

Diamonds from Ukraine were studied in terms of their separation into their geological and genetic types, distribution and occurrence, the ages of their host rocks, and their nature in Proterozoic and Neogene age sediments. The diamonds are variable in morphology, internal structure, concentration and degree of aggregation of nitrogen centers, carbon isotopes and mineral inclusions. Placer diamonds, primarily from Neogene sands, are anomalous in many respects. They are mostly extremely small, polyhedral, and morphologically diverse showing octahedral, rhombic dodecahedral and cubic forms and they have various colors. In addition to the large heterogeneity in nitrogen concentrations, many diamonds are characterized by a low degree of aggregation of nitrogen centers, which indicates short mantle residence times. Depending on the nitrogen impurity content, the degree of aggregation of nitrogen centers and the possible temperatures of crystallization, several types of diamonds are distinguished in the studied sedimentary placers. According to new isotope-geochemical data, placer diamonds are characterized by a wide range of carbon isotopic composition. This may indicate isotopic inhomogeneity of diamond carbon, different modes of formation and chemical variability in their source regions. Impact diamonds from meteorite craters and Neogene sedimentary deposits of Ukraine are paramorphoses from graphite with similar morphological, isotopic and structural characteristics. The goals of future research of Ukrainian diamonds are discussed.

54-61

Authors: V.P. Semenenko, A.L. Girich, K.O. Shkurenko, N.V. Kychan

An electron microscopic and microprobe study of the macrochondrules from the chondrites Allende CV 3, Krymka LL3.1, Saratov L4, "Velyka Balka" L4-5 and Château-Renard L6 allow to clear some aspects of their formation. The main of them are following: 1) The texture and mineral composition of the majority of the macrochondrules does not differ from those of ordinary chondrules, thus indicating a similarity in formation conditions, 2) It is shown for the first time that the SiO2 /MgO and FeO/(FeO+MgO) ratios of the fine-grained rims of the macrochondrules and one`s of chondrules in the Krymka meteorite are well correlated. This indicates to their coexistence in the same dusty environment of the protoplanetary nebula, 3) The unique characteristics of the two firstly found macrochondrules allowed us to detail conditions of their formation and existence in the protoplanetary nebula. A polyzonal graphite-bearing macrochondrule from the Krymka meteorite formed by accretional growth in a mineralogically variable dusty environment. Its complex evolutional history involved remelting and selective evaporation of the macrochondrule surface layer, accretion of an environmental dust, late formation of a fine-grained rim and migratory intrusion of an organic protomaterial and finally a metamorphic event that produced graphite. The melted surface of a macrochondrule from the Allende chondrite was notably affected by high-energy processes and instantaneous cooling in the protoplanetary nebula, 4) The rarity of macrochondrules in chondrites compared to typical chondrules is probably related to their priority destruction. This was caused by permanent movement and collision between them and other solid objects in the pre-agglomeration period of meteorite development.

73-84

Authors: О.М. Ponomarenko, I.M. Lisna, L.M. Stepanyuk, L.V. Shumlyanskyy, V.M. Mineeva, O.V. Zaiats, L.V. Somka, V.V. Gulko, O.O. Kovalenko

Zircons from charnockitoids of the Tashlyk complex from the Pryinhul syncline were studied and dated in order to determine their chronostratigraphic position. Zircons of two age generations were identified, namely the Early Archean (ca. 3 Ga) and the Early Proterozoic (2.0±0.1 Ga). The presence of the former generation indicates that the protolith for charnockites have been represented by the rocks older than the Spasove Series, which is considered to be Proterozoic in age. At ca. 2.0 ± 0.1 Ga Archean rocks together with rocks of the Inhul-Inhulets Series, underwent granulite metamorphism. This event resulted in crystallization of the second (Paleoproterozoic) generation of zircon in charnockites. Archean zircons found in the rocks of the Tashlyk complex, which correspond morphologically to granitoid of the amphibolite facies, differ from Eoarchean zircons in enderbites of the Haivoron complex, which partially retain their appearance during the Neoarchean and Paleoproterozoic tectonic-magmatic events.

91-103

Authors: N.O. Kryuchenko, E.Ya. Zhovinsky,P.S. Paparуga

Geochemical post-pyrogenic soil changes are one of the most important factors in determining the state of the forest ecosystem. For the first time the content of microelements (Hg, As, Ba, Mg, Mn, Mo, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, V, Ni) in post-pyrogenic sod-podzolic soils under the pine forest of Zhytomyr Polissya (Ukraine) was determined by the ICP-MS method. The study is based on a comparison of the content of trace elements in the sod-podzolic soils of the background area and burnt areas (grassland fire in 2019). The analysis of microelements in the soil profile of the burned and background areas to a depth of 10 cm (after 1 cm) and set the limit — 3-5 cm (humus-eluvial horizon), after which you can record the accumulation or scattering of elements after a fire on the surface. By calculating the percentage change (relative to background soils), intensive accumulation (more than 20%) of elements in post-pyrogenic soils — Cu, Ni, Co, V and moderate accumulation (up to 10%) — Pb, Mo, Mg, Ba, Cr and intensive scattering — Hg, As, Cd, Zn, Mn. The increase in the pH of post-pyrogenic soils (from 4.2 to 7.5) was determined, spatial map-schemes were constructed, due to which the direction of the fire was revealed — from the south-east to the north-west. The change of the content of ionic forms of metals (Cu, Pb, Zn, Mn) in the soil solution at different pH values (from 4 to 8 with a step of 0.2) is modeled (PHREEQC program) and the current trend is revealed: Pb — linear dependence, Cu, Zn, Mn is polynomial. The pH limits are calculated, where there are free forms of metals that enter the plants: Pb 3.9-8.2; Zn 5.5-7.5; Cu 5-8.2; Mn 5-11.5. The post-fire transformation of soils was revealed, which is expressed in the increase of pH (before the fire — 4.2-4.8; after the fire — 6.5-7,2; a year after the fire — 4.5-5.5). The obtained results confirmed the need for geochemical monitoring of post-pyrogenic soils for ecosystem restoration and plant biodiversity.

12-28

Authors: N.М. Lyzhachenkо, S.I. Kurylo, S.M. Bondarenko, R. Milovsky, S. Milovska

This study presents results of an investigation of metamorphic rocks of the Inhul-Inhulets series located in the north-western border of the Lypniazhka granite-migmatite massif (the Inhul domain, the Ukrainian Shield). The rocks were studied petrographically and mineralogically and carbon isotope, Raman spectroscopic and microprobe measurements were made. Graphite and calcite were given special attention. Metapelites and quartz-rich graphite-biotite-garnet rocks were investigated. The former consist of biotite, graphite-biotite, amphibole-bearing graphite-biotite gneisses. Graphite in them is evenly distributed through the rock groundmass. The δС13 values of graphite lie between –39.4 and –33.6 ‰ (relative to PDB). The graphite is considered to be of biogenic origin. Quartz-rich graphite-biotite-garnet rocks are less common, but they also contain graphite. The latter occurs as inclusions in the major minerals either forming clusters. Its δС13 values fall between –28.45 and –22.2 ‰ (relative to PDB). Based on the Raman spectra, carbon from the gneisses has an ordered graphite structure. The temperature of graphite crystallization was estimated to be between 554 and 630° С and corresponds to the amphibolite facies.

40-48

Authors: O.V. Mytrokhyn, V.G. Bakhmutov

A new occurrence of igneous rocks with an orbicular structure was discovered by the authors in West Antarctica. The place of finding is Hovgaard Island in the Wilhelm Archipelago located near the Graham Coast of the Antarctic Peninsula. Until now, not a single manifestation of these rare rocks was known in this region. Usually orbicular rocks are formed under the condition of local "coincidence" of many geological and petrogenetic factors. The study of the geological position, texture features and mineral composition of the orbicular rocks on Hovgaard Island was carried out in order to create their primary petrographic description. It was found that orbiculites are exposed in a small area, about 200 m2, in the field of amphibolized gabbroids and their intrusive breccias. The occurrence and textures of the orbiculites indicate that their crystallization occurred at the hypabyssal depth. Probably, this occurrence is a marginal facies of a small gabbroid intrusion, some parts of which are exposed on the adjacent coastal areas of Hovgaard Island. The studies performed have shown that the orbiculites of Hovgaard Island belong to the rarest petrographic representatives of these rocks namely orbicular gabbroids. In their petrographic feature, they differ markedly from the famous French napoleonites (corsites) exposed on the Corsica Island. The mineral composition of the orbicules is represented by calcium plagioclase (An88-97), hornblende (#Mg = 0.77-0.81), clinopyroxene (Wo48-50En43-47Fs5-8), spinel (Sp62-72Hrc14-20Mt12-17), actinolite, phlogopite, chlorite, magnetite and apatite. The interorbicular matrix has a gabbroid composition and a porphyritic texture. It differs from orbicules in somewhat less calcium plagioclase and less magnesian hornblende, as well as in the absence of spinel. In view of the rarity of orbicular gabbroids and the specificity of the described manifestation, it is proposed that the orbicular gabbro on Hovgaard Island be considered as a new petrographic variety of the gabbroid family. The name "hovgaardite" is recommended for the name of this variety of orbicular gabbro.

58-73

Authors: I.V. Kuraieva, T.O. Koshliakova, K.V. Vovk, K.S. Zlobina

We investigated the impact of the urban environment on the park ecosystems in Kyiv. As representatives of vegetation the species Taraxacum officinale Wigg. and Tilia cordata Mill., were chosen. The content of heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, Mn, Cr, and Cd) in soil and leaf samples within the ecosystems of the parks Feofaniya, Kyiv Polytechnic Institute, Mariyinsky, Pushkin, and Nyvky was measured. The highest level of soil contamination with heavy metals was found in the areas of parks located near highways and public transport stops. The most polluted park was the Kyiv Polytechnic Park, and the least polluted Feofaniya Park. High levels of metals found in soil samples did not always coincide with their highest levels in the biomass of the studied plants leaves. We found that, according to the phytotoxicological classification of metals by the biological absorption coefficient (BAC) by plants within the studied park ecosystems, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, Mn, and Cr belong mainly to the elements of low absorption (hazard class IV) except for Mariyinsky Park, where Zn according to the BAC value belongs to the elements of moderate absorption (hazard class III). The order of amount of metal bioaccumulation in plants obtained by us show a fairly wide range for different park ecosystems, which confirms the principle of ecological congruence (compliance), according to which the living components of an ecosystem have developed appropriate adaptations coordinated by the abiotic environment. In order to identify additional ways of migration of heavy metals to the ecosystem of Feofaniya Park, hydrochemical data from the surface of the first aquifer, circulated within the study area, were involved. It has been suggested that the increased concentrations of Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, and Mn in the soils of Feofaniya Park are connected with the Pirogivsky landfill, and the groundwater discharged into the park ponds serves as the main way of migration of pollutants to the natural environment, in particular to the soil-plant system. Our results confirm the need to involve biogeochemical data for ecological assessment of the urban environment and early diagnosis of negative influence, when the plants have not yet manifested morphological and anatomical abnormalities.

16-24

Authors: S.B. Lobach-Zhuchenko, Yu.S. Egorova, S.G. Skublov, V.V. Sukach, O.L. Galankina

An abundance of the trace elements has been determined in olivine of the Achaean spinel-bearing phlogopite harzburgite enclave (sample UR17/2) from the Bug granulite complex of the Ukrainian Shield by SIMS analysis. Major elements were analyzed in the olivine by SEM-EDS and EPMA analysis. The olivine shows a homogeneous chemical composition: MgO — 45.20-45.64 wt.%, FeO — 13.66-14.23 wt.%, with Fo85-86 and Fe/Mn ratio of 68.3-68.6 which corresponds to the ratio of 60-70 in olivine of peridotites. Ni content in the UR17/2 olivine ranges from 4730 to 5612 ppm, which is higher than in olivine from mantle peridotites, high magnesium OIB and Hawaiian picrites. The olivine has average content of Ti — 20.6 ppm, Nb — 0.03 ppm, Zr — 0.32-0.60 ppm, the low total REE (0.1-0.5 ppm). The olivine crystallization temperature, calculated using an Al-in-olivine thermometer, corresponds to ~900 °C. Enrichment in Fe and Ni is the main feature that distinguishes the UR17/2 olivine from other mantle-derived olivine. Composition of the UR17/2 olivine and host harzburgite indicates an influence of T, P, the oxygen fugacity and composition of parent magma on the partition coefficients of Fe and Ni. Composition and structure (degree of polymerization) of magma are the main factors responsible for the olivine enrichment by iron and nickel.

34-50

Authors: L.M. Stepanyuk, L.V. Shumlyanskyy, S.I. Kurylo, V.O. Syomka, S.M. Bondarenko, S.A. Wilde, А.А. Nemchin

LA-ICP-MS method was applied to investigate U-Pb and Lu-Hf isotope systematics of zircon crystals from charno-ckitic gneiss and biotite-garnet-hypersthene enderbite that occur in the lower reaches of the Yatran river (Yatran block of the Bouh river area). According to the obtained isotope data, charnockitic gneiss hosts three zircon populations. The oldest one is represented by three crystals that have isotope age between 3125 and 3300 Ma, and εHf values between –2.3 and –7.5. The next population is well-defined, it has an age of 2038 ± 25 Ma and large variations of Hf isotope composition: 176Hf/177Hf — from 0.28122 to 0.28261, εHf — from –9.3 до 4.6. However, the ages of most of the analyzed zircons spread along the concordia between 2300 and 2800 Ma. All zircons in this population have a similar Hf isotope composition 176Hf/177Hf = 0.28072 to 0.28092, which does not depend on the age. It is characteristic that the oldest (with preserved U-Pb isotope systematics) crystals have positive or slightly negative εHf values. Most of the U-Pb isotope analyses of zircons from enderbite fall on the discordia line that has an upper interception age of 2029 ± 18 Ma. A small number of discordant grains have 207Pb/206Pb ages up to 2500 Ma. Hafnium isotope composition in zircons from enderbite varies widely: 176Hf/177Hf = 0.28131 to 0.28151, and εHf from –6.2 to 1.8.

68-86

Authors: O.Yu. Palkina, O.L. Falkovich

Some important questions concerning the application of methods of searches of diamond deposits on direct search signs — finds of diamonds are considered and indicator minerals of kimberlites (IMK). The probable reasons for the low efficiency of the dressing-mineralogical method in the search for diamond deposits in Ukraine are named. The article is based on materials of research of diamonds found in different age placers of Ukraine (~1300 crystals); diamonds from kimberlites of the Arkhangelsk province (~6000 crystals); diamonds from metamorphic rocks of the Kazakhstan deposit Kumdy-Kol (~200 crystals); Yakut province (~600 crystals from root springs and ~700 from placers). A physiographic description was made for all these crystals and the intensity and color of photoluminescence (PhL) were recorded. For some crystals, about 600 spectra were taken at a temperature of 77 K. For diamonds of the "Dniester" type and some highly defective diamonds from Ukrainian placers, data from Raman spectroscopy are given. The material on indicator minerals of kimberlites is partly the result of our research, partly attracted from literature sources. Finds of diamonds in terrigenous deposits of Ukraine, their territorial and age, possible sources of income are analyzed. The comparison of diamonds from terrigenous deposits of Ukraine with diamonds of indigenous deposits of different genetic type is performed. For comparison, we studied diamonds that were obtained (with their complete removal from the gross technological samples) from some kimberlite pipes of the Arkhangelsk province. We performed a physiographic description and established the particle size distribution and morphological distribution in these pipes. Based on these studies, convincing conclusions were drawn about the signs of the industrial diamond-bearing capacity of kimberlite bodies in this province. The study of a large number of diamonds extracted from Neogene and other placers of Ukraine allowed usto perform a comparative study not only on the morphology and color of photoluminescence but also on the frequency of photoluminescence centers (spectra were taken at 77K). These diamonds were compared with crystals from the industrial kimberlite bodies of the Arkhangelsk and Yakut provinces. It was established which physical properties of Ukrainian diamonds are close to the properties of kimberlite diamonds and how they differ, contrasting features of diamond sets of different genetic types were determined. It has been established that diamonds found in the deposits of the Bilokorovichi world have signs of kimberlite, and the nature of their surfaces, a set of PhL centers, indicates a long stay in sedimentary reservoirs of different ages. A study of diamonds and IMK, which were found on the territory of the Kirovohrad block of the Ukrainian Shield (USh), revealed that the known area of Gruzka has prospects and is worth further mineral and technological testing. The chemical composition of probable IMK from the kimberlite bodies of the Priazovsky block of the USh indicates their non-diamond-bearing or non-industrial diamond-bearing capacity, which is confirmed by a few (3 crystals) finds of natural diamonds. We found that the green microdiamonds extracted from these rocks turned out to be man-made debris. Numerous diamonds from Poltava-Sarmatian placers have specific morphology and physical properties. The source of diamonds from the Black Sea coast is the Poltava-Sarmatian placers, and the source of a few diamonds with kimberlite features has not been found on the coast of the Sea of Azov. Based on the analysis, it is concluded that the territory of Ukraine has clear prospects for the discovery of diamond deposits. Taking into account the current economic feasibility and the current degree of study of the diamond-bearing territory of Ukraine, the primary search for kimberlite sources of diamonds, in the opinion of the authors should be performed in the north-western (Ovruch- Bilokorovytsia) part, as well as within the Dnieper and Kirovograd blocks. In the course of search operations, it is necessary to abandon the analysis of IMC less than 1 mm in size and pay attention mainly to pyropes as the most informative IMC. A prerequisite for further exploration work for diamond deposits should be a large-scale mineralogical and technological test aimed at detecting diamonds with a size of at least 1.0 mm. Limiting the size of the studied fractions will allow not only to reduce costs, but also to determine the feasibility of the search. Only based on the results of these works it will be possible to concludethe prospects of the industrial diamond-bearing capacity of the allocated areas.

23-32

Authors: O.V. Pushkarov, O.V. Zubko, I.M. Sevruk, V.Vik. Dolin

Based on experimental studies, the possibility and efficiency of usage of montmorillonite, saponite, and clinoptilolite as separation membranes during electroosmotic fractionation of hydrogen isotopes in an aqueous electrolyte solution was evaluated. For the experiments, the following samples were used: bentonite (Cherkasy deposit) with a content of montmorillonite of 75% (hereinafter referred to as montmorillonite), saponite (Varvariv deposit) and clinoptilolite (Sokyrnytsya deposit). It was found that under the influence of an electric field, electroosmotic filtration of the tritiated electrolyte occurs through weakly permeable membranes. Depending on the structural features of the mineral substance, various proton conductivity of the membranes was recorded, which determines the different intensity of the redistribution of ions of dissociated HTO molecules between the anode and cathode chambers. The largest difference between the specific activity of tritium in the anolyte and catholyte was obtained in the system where the mineral membrane was made of saponite (11% and 26% of the specific activity of tritium in the initial HTO, respectively). The least was the stability of the ontmorillonite membrane. Its destruction upon interaction with a Na2CO3 solution led to electrolyte leakage and a decrease in the extraction of tritium from the filtrate (catholyte). The use of clinoptilolite when creating a composite with montmorillonite made it possible to increase the stability of the membrane and additional possibilities for fractionating hydrogen isotopes in an electrolyte. Electroosmotic filtration of the electrolyte was accompanied by fractionation of hydrogen isotopes in the mineral membranes of the experimental systems. The largest isotope effect was obtained in montmorillonite and composite montmorillonite-zeolite membranes, where the fractionation coefficient α in the fraction extracted from the interlayer space was 1.16 and 1.12, respectively. In a composite membrane, where the amount of clinoptilolite was 67.5%, isotopic hydrogen fractionation was also observed in the surface-adsorbed fraction (α = 1.5) and in a structurally bound form (α = 1.1). The use of saponite as an electroosmotic membrane leads to a smaller isotope effect than in a montmorillonite membrane, and is manifested in surface-adsorbed water (α = 1.08) and in the interlayer space (α = 1.02). The addition of quartz sand to montmorillonite reduces the efficiency of fractionation of hydrogen isotopes detected only in the surface-adsorbed fraction (α = 1.02).

50-59

Authors: V.V. Ishkov, Ye.S. Kozii, M.O. Trufanova

According to the data of World Health Organization, the incidence of a disease of inhabitants with urolithiasis is constantly growing; moreover the number of recurrences of this disease is stable at 70%. The purpose of the work is to identify some features of the ontogenesis of uroliths from the kidneys of the inhabitants of Dnipropetrovsk region, primarily related to the structure and morphology of these formations. Based on comparative analyzes of morphological observations of more than 300 kidney stones investigated in inhabitants of Dnipropetrovsk region, it was found that spherulites and druse-like aggregates as well as their combinations are the most common among them. Moreover areas of attachment to renal papillae are usually observed on the surface of spherulitic formations and, as a rule, druse-like aggregatesare formed in free space of a renal pelvis. Therefore, the specific features of the morphology of urinary stones allow to establish the most favorable areas of the urinary system for their predominant formation in each patient. Urolites of spherical shape differ in zonal structure, while the zonal structure is formed by the alternation of both essentially mineral and mainly organic layers, and mineral layers of different composition as well. Mineralogical and petrographic studies of urinary stones revealed the presence of 15 mineral species, mainly urate and oxalate compounds, with monomineral formations occurring in less than 1%. Multiscale microblocking and the presence of organic matter inclusions are characteristic features of the crystals of all established minerals. The central part of the uroliths is usually represented by accumulations of organic matter containing a highly dispersed mineral component. It is proved that such characteristics as color, size, shape and character of the surface of uroliths of the inhabitants of Dnipropetrovsk region are not very informative for the establishment of their predominant mineral composition. The accumulation of analytical material on the ontogenesis of urinary stones, their structure and mineral composition and its generalization, taking into account the medical and biological characteristics of each patient and the geoecological state of the region, could contribute to solution of an important social task — prevention and effective treatment of urolithiasis.

69-83

Authors: O.V. Mytrokhyn, V.G. Bakhmutov, A.G. Aleksieienko, T.V. Mytrokhina

The Anagram Islands are located near the Graham Coast of West Antarctica not far from the Ukrainian Antarctic Station "Akademik Vernadsky". Gabbroids that are probably Cretaceous in age predominate in the geological structure of the Anagram Islands. New data on the mode of occurrence of the Anagram gabbroids and their layering were obtained during the seasonal field works of the Ukrainian Antarctic Expeditions in 2017, 2019—2020 years. Samples of the gabbroids werexamined by optical microscopy, electron microscopy and microprobe analysis as well as by measuring of anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility of rocks. The goal of the research was to clarify the geological position and petrographic features of the Anagram gabbroids, to determine the typomorphic features of rock-forming minerals, and to clarify the origin of the layering in gabbroids. It was determined that the bottom part of a large layered gabbroid intrusion is fragmentarily exposed on the Anagram Islands. The continuation of the intrusion is expected in the northeastern and southeastern directions. It was established that primary magmatic textures and mineral composition are preserved in the gabbroids despite the development of metamorphic amphibolization. The gabbroids show typical cumulative textures of magmatic origin. The main cumulative phases are plagioclase (An70—95), clinopyroxene (Wo41—49En34—47), orthopyroxene (Wo2—4En49—71), olivine (Fo67—69), Ti-magnetite and ilmenite. It is proved that the fine rhythmic-gradational layering in the gabbroids was formed by gravitational precipitation of the cumulative minerals on the bottom of the magma chamber and their further sorting by specific gravity due to convection currents. Cryptic layering is firstly discovered in the Anagram gabbroids and is explained by the processes of crystallization differentiation. The latter caused the accumulation of the most calcium plagioclases and the most magnesian mafic minerals in the layered gabbroids forming the bottom part of the intrusion. The present subvertical position of layering is explained by tectonic deformation that resulted in the tilting of the investigated section of the Anagram gabbroid intrusion. This confirmed by the studying of magnetic texture of the gabbroids (by the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility data).

104-115

Authors: V.O. Yemelianov, Ye.I. Nasiedkin, A.V. Sachko, І.V. Kuraieva, Т.О. Kоshliakova

The results of long-term observations on the geochemical peculiarities of technogenic lead distribution in atmospheric aerosol of Zaporizhia, as well as in soils, bottom sediments, suspended matter from Dnipro river and substance from wet gas filters of open-hearth furnaces PJSC Zaporizhstal are presented. The actual material was obtained on the basis of comprehensive field monitoring during 2015-2019. Simultaneous involvement of data on hydrometeorological conditions (seasonality, precipitation, wind speeds, directions and duration) in the study area provided a integral approach to the processing and generalization of research results. A number of peculiarities of sedimentary substance distribution in air, interrelations of its anthropogenic and natural components are defined. Correlations were revealed between lead concentrations changes and aeolian mineral component distribution, seasonality, and a number of other factors. The highest concentration of lead was found in solid aerosol particles accumulated by the sedimentary trap at the monitoring site. It was revealed that the average concentration of investigated element in river suspension of Dnipro exceeds significantly background values, and for soils exceeds more than 3.5 times the permissible norms. At the same time, the fixed form of lead in atmospheric aerosol, in contrast to other environmental objects, loses its domination, giving the way to easily soluble forms, so the evidence of environmental hazard. Monitoring of seasonal patterns of the element distribution in the city air showed excess concentrations in the cold period of the year, which, according to the authors, is due to both meteorological conditions and redistribution of natural and anthropogenic factors that serve the driving force in processes of arriving and conversion of lead in atmosphere during different seasons of the year.